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S^ies 1 November 1912 No. 1 

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BULLETIN it' 



American Home Economics 
Association 



n 



HOME 

INSTITUTION 

SCHOOL 









PUBLISHED QUARTERLY 

by the 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

ROLAND PARK BRANCH, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Application for mailing at the Baltimore Postoffice as second class 

matter pending 






NOTICE OF ANNUAL ELECTION. 

Notice is given of the annual election of oflScers of the American 
Home Economics Association. Members are requested to send 
immediately suggestions of nominations for the various ofl&cers to the 
undersigned Committee on Nominations, which will then, in accord- 
ance with the provisions of the Constitution, submit a list of nomina- 
tions to the members. 

These suggestions should be sent, on the blank enclosed, to the 
Chairman of the Committee on Nominations, Dr. Henry C. Sher- 
man, Columbia University, New York City, not later than November 
20, 1912. 

The places which are to be filled are as follows: 

President, in place of Miss Isabel Bevier, to serve i year. 
First Vice-President, in place of Dr. C. F. Langworthy, to serve i year. 
Second Vice-President, in place of Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, to serve i year. 
Third Vice-President, in place of Miss Abby L. Marlatt, to serve i year. 
Secretary, in place of Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, to serve i year. 
Treasurer, in place of Mr. H. L. Knight, to serve one year. 
Five Councilors-at-Large, to serve five years, in place of Miss Edna D. Day, Dr. 
Lafayette B. Mendel, Dr. George M. Kober, Miss Mary S. Snow, Miss Agnes 
Harris. 

Member of Permanent Committee on Nominations, in place of Dr. Henry C. Sher- 
man. 

Attention is called to the following extract from the minutes of the second annual 
meeting (see page 14, Joxjrnal of Home Economics for February, 1910): 

"The Committee on Nominations also presented the following resolution, which 
was adopted by the Association as an expression of its opinion but declared not 
absolutely binding upon future action: ' Resolved that it be the policy of the Asso- 
ciation hereafter that Vice-Presidents, Councilors-at-Large, and members of the 
Nominating Committee shall not be eligible for reelection within one year. ' " 

Miss Annie Laird, 
Henry C. Sherman (Chairman), 
Miss Louise A. Nicholass, 
Miss Ruth A. Waedall, 
Miss Susanna Usher, 

(Committee on Nominations). 
Benjamin R. Andrews, 

Secretary, American Home Economics Association, 

525 West 1 20th Street, New York City. 



ADMINISTRATION SECTION MEETING, LAKE PLACID. 

NEW YORK. 

Upon invitation of the Lake Placid Club, the Administration 
Section of the American Home Economics Association held its third 
annual meeting at the Lake Placid Club, Essex County, New York, 
from June 22 to 26, 1912. The program as presented at the meeting 
was as follows: 

Program. 

Saturday, June 22, g.30 a.m. 

Address of welcome, by Melvil Dewey, president Lake Placid Club. 

Committee on Administration, Mrs. Dewey, honorary chairman. 

The Problem of an Agricultural College Dining Hall for 500, Mary Urie Watson, 
MacDonald Institute, Guelph, Ontario. 

Data Regarding the Kind and Cost of Food Served at a Club for Men, Dr. 
C. F. Langworthy, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Directions for Kitchen and Dining-room Employees, Mrs Dewey. 

Saturday, 8.00 p.m. 

Administration in the Private Home, Flora Rose, Cornell University, chairman. 

The Relation of Household Administration to Public Utilities, Martha Bensley 
Bruere, New York City. 

Facilities for Marketing and Cost of Living, E. E. Pratt, New York Food 
Investigating Commission. 

Monday, June 24, p.jo a.m. 

X O Committee on Laundries, S. ISIaria Elliott, Simmons College, chairman. 

Report on Organization and Administration of Institution Laundries. 

"~~^ Regulation and Inspection of Commercial Laundries, Helen Woodford Pratt, 

f^tonsumers' League, New York City. William C. Rogers, deputy state commis- 

sioner of labor, Albany, N. Y. 
iO 

([^"'^ Monday, 8.00 p.m. 

"^ Efl&ciency in Administration, Emma H. Gunther, chairman. 
'^~' Principles of Scientific Management Applied to the Household and Institution, 
Trank B. Gilbreth, consulting engineer. New York City. 

Discussion: Wanted, A Test for "Man Power," introduced by Mrs. Dewey. 



2 The Journal of Home Economics [October 

Tuesday, June 25, g.30 a.m. 

Committee on Education, Sarah Louise Arnold, dean of Simmons College, 
chairman. 

Report on Instruction in Household and Institution Administration, Miss 
Arnold. 

Practice Fields of Training for Household and Institution Management, Emma 
H. Gunther, School of Practical Arts, Teachers College, New York City. 

Tuesday, 8.00 p.m. 

Committee on School Lunches, Louise Stevens Bryant, chairman. University 
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 

General Development and Present Status of School Feeding Movement, Mrs. 
Bryant. 

School Lunches and Medical Inspection, Ira S. Wile, M.D., New York City. 

Elementary School Lunches in Smaller Cities, Alice M. Hotchkin, Director 
School Lunches, Rochester, N. Y. 

Wednesday, June 26, g.30 a.m. 

Committee on Institutional Accounts and Records, William Morse Cole, Har- 
vard University, chairman. 

Report of Committee on Buying Supplies, Henry C. Wright, Russell Sage Foun- 
dation, chairman. 

Food per Capita, Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid Club. 

Wed)iesday, 8.00 p.m. 

Committee on Dietaries, Florence Corbett, Whittier Hall, Teachers College, 
New York City, chairman. 

Dietary Criticism and Food Surveys, Miss Corbett. 

The Hospital Diet Kitchen, M. C. Little, Polyclinic Hospital, New York City. 

The Cooperation of Dietitian and Physician, E. Grace McCullough, Boston, 
Mass. 

The Housekeeper Dietitian in the Hospital Field, Miss Lindsley, Woman's Hos- 
pital, New York City. 

The first session was called to order by Miss Van Rensselaer, 
secretary-treasurer of the section, in the absence of Miss Nutting, 
chairman. Mr. Dewey, president of the Lake Placid Club made an 
address of welcome, in which he called attention to the fact that the 
American Home Economics Association had its beginnings at Lake 
Placid, and that, although the movement had made great strides in 
the past thirteen years it was still in its infancy. At the close of 
Mr. Dewey's talk, Miss Van Rensselaer reminded those present that 
the department of Institutional Management had been inaugurated 



1912] Administration Section Meeting 3 

by Mr. and Mrs. Dewey, and that many other enterprises that have 
since become valuable agencies for public good were started at Lake 
Placid. 

All of the meetings were full of interest, and the members present 
were most enthusiastic over the work of the section. 

At the closing session, resolutions were passed thanking Mr. and 
Mrs. Dewey for their hospitality and for the many kindnesses ex- 
tended to the members. 

Some of the papers presented will be found in this issue. 

A detailed account of the meeting, with other papers presented 
and the discussions which followed, will appear in a subsequent issue 
of the Journal. 



GRADUATE SCHOOL OF HOME ECONOMICS. 

The Fourth Graduate School of Home Economics was held at the 
Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing, Michigan, from July 
I to 26, at the same time and place as the Graduate School of Agri- 
culture. As in former years arrangements were made so that students 
in either school could attend lectures in both schools. The course 
this year was extended from two to four weeks, in order that labo- 
ratory courses in food microbiology and chemistry could be given. 

The attendance was much larger than ever before, students regis- 
tering from thirteen states. It is interesting to note the various lines 
that the members were following, teachers in colleges, normal, high, 
and grade schools, supervisors of Home Economics in schools, diet- 
itians, and housekeepers, by far the greater number being teachers. 

The program of the school, and lectures given in the Graduate 
School of Agriculture which were of especial interest to the Home 
Economics student, are given below. In addition to the regular 
program, there were several social events which served to bring the 
students of the two schools together, an excursion to a mint farm, 
an inspection trip to a city milk factory, etc. The committee in charge 
of the school consisted of Mrs. Alice P. Norton, chairman. Miss 
Edna D. Day, Miss Abby L. Marlatt, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, 
Miss Maude Gilchrist, Miss Agnes Hunt, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, 
and Dr. L. B. Mendel. 

Program. 

Monday, July i. 

8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. H. C. Sherman, professor of food chemistry, Columbia Uni- 
versity: Functions of Food and of the Digestive Ferments. 

9.30-1 1.30 a.m. Dr. J. Merritt Matthews, consulting chemist to the textile indus- 
tries, New York City: Fundamental Properties of Textiles. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Conference, led by Mrs. Alice P. Norton, University of Chicago: 
General Scope of the Work. 

2.00-3.00 p. m.i Dr. T. N. Carver, professor of political economy, Harvard 
University: The Law of Limiting Factors and Its Bearing upon the 
Distribution of Wealth and Population as Between Country and City. 

* Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 
4 



1912] Graduate School of Home Economics 5 

2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. H. N. Ogden, professor of sanitary engineering, Cornell 
University: Methods of Estimating the Value of Sanitation. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory, Dr. Otto Rahn, assistant professor of 
bacteriology, Michigan Agricultural College. Chemistry Laboratory, Prof. 
Frank S. Kedzie, Michigan Agricultural College. 

3.00-5.00 p.m. 1 Dr. Sherman: Seminar. 

Tuesday, July 2. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.' Dr. Sherman: Protease and Lipase. 

9.30-1 1.30 a.m. Dr. Matthews: Textile Fibers, Wool and Hair Fibers, Related 

Fibers. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Carver: The Economizing of Human Energy in Rural as 

Compared with Urban Industries. 
2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Ogden: Pure Water and the Results of Pollution. 
3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. N. E. Goldthwaite, assistant professor of household science, 

University of Illinois: The Principles of Jelly Making. 

Wednesday, July 3. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.' Dr. Sherman: Sucrase and Amylase. 

9.30-1 1.30 a.m. Dr. Matthews: Silk: Microscopical and Physical Properties. 

Chemical Nature and Property of Silk. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Carver: The Economizing of Land. 
2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Ogden: The Purification of Water. 
3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Sherman: Seminar-Dietetics. 
8.00-10.00 p.m. Public Opening: Dr. Armsby presiding. President Snyder, Dean 

Shaw, Dr. True, Dean Gilchrist. 

Thursday, July 4. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.' Dr. Sherman: Utilization of Specific Food Materials (i). 

9.30-1 1.30 a.m. Dr. Matthews: Vegetable Fibers: Physical Structures, Chemi- 
cal Constitution, Chemical Reactions. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Carver: Do We Want a Larger Product per Acre, or a Larger 
Product per Man? 

2.00-3.00 p.m.' Dr. Ogden: Sewerage and Sewage Disposal by Dilution. 

3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Matthews : Seminar-Textiles. 

Friday, July 5. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.' Dr. Sherman: Utilization of Specific Food Materials (2). 
9.30-11.30 a.m. Dr. Matthews: Chemical Reactions (continued): Dye Stuffs. 
Conditions of Mercerizing. Properties of Mercerized Cotton. 

' Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 



6 The Journal of Home Economics [October 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

2.00-3.00 p.m.i Dr. Carver: The Rural Population. 

2.00-3.00 p.m.i Dr. Ogden: Sewage Purification. 

3.00-5.00 p.m.i Dr. Carver: Seminar. 

Saturday, July 6. 

9.00-1 1. 00 a.m. 1 Conference, College Instruction in Agriculture, led by Dean 
T. F. Hunt, Pennsylvania State College. 

Monday, July 8. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.i Dr. L. B. Mendel, professor of physiological chemistry, Yale 
University: The Biochemistry of Selected Tissues. 

9.30-10.30 a.m. Conference: Aims in Domestic Science Teaching, led by Miss 
Ruth VVardall, Ohio State University. 

ii.oo-i2.ooa.m.i Dr_ c. E. Marshall, professor of bacteriology and hygiene, 
Michigan Agricultural College: Biology of the Cell. The General Nature 
of the Cell and its Metabolism. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

2.00-3.00 p.m. 1 Mr. C. J. Galpin, lecturer on country life, Department of Agri- 
cultural Economics, University of Wisconsin: What is a Rural Community? 
How to Study it by Means of a Survey. 

3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Mendel: Seminar. 

Tuesday, July p. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.i Dr. Mendel: Enzymes and Fermentations. 

9. 00-11.00 a.m. Miss Agnes Hunt, professor of domestic science, Michigan Agri 
cultural College: Effects of Heat on Protein. Demonstration. 

1 1. 00-12.00 a.m.^ Dr. W. G. Giltner, research assistant in bacteriology, Michigan 
Agricultural College: Biology of the Cell. The Toxins of the Cell. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

2.00-3.00 p.m.^ Mr. Galpin: Community Festivals as Agencies of Social Con- 
tact. 

Wednesday, July 10. 

8.00-9.00 a. m.i Dr. Mendel: Food Transportation within the Organism. 
9.00-1 1. 00 a.m. Prof. Hunt: Effects of Heat on Fats. Demonstration. 
ii.oo-i2.ooa.m.i j^j.. Otto Rahn, assistant professor of bacteriology, Michigan 

Agricultural College: Biology of the Cell. Energy of the Cell. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
2.00-3.00 p.m.^ Dr. W. O. Hedrick, professor of history and economics, Michigan 

Agricultural College: Human Ecology — Environmental Conditions. 
8.00-10.00 p.m.^ Conference, led by Dr. J. M. Coulter. 



* Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 



1 91 2] Graduate School of Home Economics 7 

Thursday, July 11. 

8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. Mendel: Newer Researches on Nutrition in Growth and 
Maintenance. 

9.00-1 1. 00 a.m. Prof. Hunt: Effects of Heat on Carbohydrates. Demonstra- 
tion. 

11.00-12.00 a.m.i Mr. C. W. Brown, research assistant in bacteriology, Michigan 
Agricultural College: Biology of the Cell. Enzymes of the Cell. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

2.00-3.00 p.m. Dr. Hedrick: Human Responses. 

3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Mendel: Seminar. Teaching of Dietetics and Hygiene in 



Dress. 



Friday, July 12. 



8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. Mendel: Synthesis in Nutrition. 

9.00-10.00 a.m. Dr. Sophonisba P. Breckinridge, assistant professor of social 

economy. University of Chicago: The Spending of Money, 
lo.oo-ii.ooa.m. Dr. Breckinridge: Economic Cooperation of Women. 
11.00-12.00 a.m.i Dr. F. H. Van Suchtelen, research assistant in Bacteriology, 

Michigan Agricultural College: Biology of the Cell. The Products of the 

Cell. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
2.00-3.00 p.m. 1 Dr. Hedrick: The New Geography. 
3.00-4.00 p.m. Dr. Breckinridge: Woman's Responsibility for the Condition of 

the Wage Earner. 
4.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Breckinridge: Standardization of the Care of Children. 
8.00-10.00 p.m.^ Conference: Agricultural Research, led by Dean H. L. Russell. 

Moftday, July 15. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.i Dr. Oscar Riddle, research associate, Carnegie Institute, Chi- 
cago: Embryology and Evolution. The Two Aspects of Development. 

9.30-10.30 a.m. Conference: Teaching of Textiles, led by Mrs. L. L. Peppard, 
Michigan Agricultural College. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

3.00-5.00 p.m.i Dr. Riddle: Seminar. 

Tuesday, July 16. 

8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. Riddle: The Elementary Phenomena of Development. 

9.30-10.30 a.m. Miss Minna C. Denton, assistant professor of bacteriology and 
sanitation, Lewis Institute, Chicago: Newer Aspects of Sanitation. Ven- 
tilation. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 



^ Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 



8 The Journal of Home Economics [October 

Wednesday, July 17. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.* Dr. Riddle: The Physiological Basis of Sex. 

9.30-10.00 a.m. Prof. Denton: Relation of the Consumer to the Improvement 
of the Sanitary Quality of the Milk Supply. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

8.00-10.00 p.m. Conference with the Graduate School of Agriculture, Exten- 
sion Work, led by Mr. Tuck of Cornell University. 

Thursday, July 18. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.* Dr. Riddle: The Physiology of the Development of Color Char- 
acters (i). 

9.30-10.30 a.m. Prof. Denton: Some Points in Sanitation. 

11.00-12.00 a.m. Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Chief of Nutrition Investigations, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture: Respiration Calorimeters. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

3.00-5.00 p.m. Conference: Extension Work, led by Miss L. A. Harkins, Mon- 
tana Agricultural College. 

Friday, July ig. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.* Dr. Riddle: The Physiology of the Development of Color Char- 
acters (2). 

9.30-10.30 a.m. Prof. Denton: Teaching of Sex Hygiene. 

1 1. 00-12.00 a.m. Dr. Langworthy: Evolution of Table Manners and Customs. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

4.00-5.00 p.m. Mr. Michael Carmichael Carr, Theory and Practice of Art, Uni- 
versity of Missouri: The Meaning of Dress. 

8.00-10.00 p.m. Conference with the Graduate School of Agriculture, Agricul- 
tural Extension, led by Prof. G. I. Christie. 

Saturday, July 20. 
8.00-9.30 a.m. Mr. Carr: The Costume of the Future. 

Monday, July 22. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.* Dr. E. B. Forbes, chief of nutrition, Ohio Experiment Station: 

The Mineral Elements in Animal Nutrition. The Mineral Elements in 

Relation to General Physiology. 
9.30-10.30 a.m.* Mr. R. M. Washburn, associate professor of dairy husbandry. 

University of Minnesota: Nutritive Value of Various Milks. Survey of 

the Field. Plan of the Experiments. 
11.00-12.00 a.m. Conference: Courses of Instruction, led by Mrs. Alice P. Norton, 

University of Chicago. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
3.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Forbes: Seminar. 

* Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 



1912] Graduate School of Home Economics 9 

Tuesday, July 23. 

8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. Forbes: The Balance of Basic and Acid Compounds in Nu- 
trition. 

9.30-10.30 a.m. 1 Prof. Washburn: Fat vs. Lean Milk. A Study of Correctives. 

1 1. 00-12. 00 a.m. Miss Grace Smith, Technical High School, Springfield, Mass.: 
Industrial History as Related to the Teaching of Textiles. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 

3.00-5.00 p.m.i Dr. Forbes: Seminar. 

4.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Edna D. Day, professor of Home Economics, University of 
Kansas: The Effect of Cooking on Vegetable Foods. Starch. 

Wednesday, July 24. 

8.00-9.00 a.m. 1 Dr. Forbes : Individual Elements and Their Compounds in Metab- 
olism. 
9.30-10.30 a.m.i Prof. Washburn: Holstein vs. Jersey Milk. Homogenized vs. 

Normal Milk. 
11.00-12.00 a.m. Miss Smith: Early History of Textiles. Linen and Wool. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
4.00-5.00 p.m. Prof. Agnes Hunt: Investigation for the Undergraduate. 
8.0&-10.00 p.m.^ Conference: The Practicum Side of Secondary Instruction in 

Agriculture, led by Prof. W. H. French, Michigan State Agricultural 

College. 

Thursday, July 25. 

8.00-9.00 a.m.^ Dr. Forbes: Practical Considerations. 

9.30-10.30 a.m.* Prof. Washburn: Increasing Bone Strength. Conclusions and 

Commercial Considerations. 
I r. 00-12.00 a.m. Miss Smith: The Industrial Revolution. 
1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
4.00-5.00 p.m. Dr. Day: The Effect of Cooking on Vegetables (cont.). Cellulose. 
7.30-9.00 p.m. 1 Conference: Collegiate Instruction in Agriculture, led by Dr. 



True. 



Friday, July 26. 



8.00-9.00 a.m.i Dr. Forbes: Methods of Investigation and Interpretation of 

Results. 
9.30-10.30 a.m.i Prof. Washburn: The Influence of Fat, Sugar, and Gelatine in 

Ice Cream. 
ii.oo-i2.ooa.m. Miss Smith: Cotton. 

1.00-3.00 p.m. Bacteriology Laboratory. Chemistry Laboratory. 
3.00-5.00 p.m. 1 Prof. Washburn: Seminar. 



1 Given in the Graduate School of Agriculture. 



NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION. 

At the fiftieth annual convention of the National Education Asso- 
ciation, held in Chicago, July 6 to 12, the American Home Economics 
Association held one session, under the Department of Manual Train- 
ing and Art, in the Fullerton Hall of the Art Institute. Miss Isabel 
Bevier of the University of Illinois, president of the American Home 
Economics Association, presided. 

The topic of the afternoon was The Economics of the Household, 
with the following papers: Distribution of Income, $500, $1000, and 
$2000 per Year for the Family of Five, Mary S. Snow, supervisor of 
household arts in the public schools of Chicago; Dietetic Standards 
for these Various Households, Miss Bevier; and Obligations of Society 
toward the $500 Income, Mrs. Raymond Robins, head of the Na- 
tional Women's Trade Union League of Chicago. 

A discussion of the papers was given by Miss Carrie H. Lyon, 
instructor in cooking and housekeeping, Margaret Morrison Carne- 
gie School for Women, Pittsburgh, and Mrs Ahce P. Norton, assist- 
ant professor of household administration, University of Chicago. 

That the meeting was of great interest to those in attendance at 
the National Education Association was evinced by the crowded 
attendance, filling Fullerton Hall long before the meeting was called 
to order, and by the several hundreds who were turned away, also 
by the enthusiasm displayed at the conclusion of each paper. 

Other papers that were of interest to those interested in Home 
Economics were as follows: 

Topic: Rural Life Cotiditions and Rural Education. 

1. A Social and Educational Survey of the Rural Community. Warren H. 
Wilson, director of missions, New York, N. Y. 

2. What is Being Done to Meet the Problem: 

{a) By the Schools of Guilford County, North Carolina. T. R. Foust, 

county superintendent, Greensboro, N. C. 
{b) By the State of Oregon. L. R. Alderman, state superintendent of 

public instruction, Salem, Oregon, 
(c) In North Dakota. James H. Worst, president of State Agricultural 

College and director of Experiment Station, N. Dak. 

3. The Humanity of Highways. Mary E. DeGarmo, dirertor of country life 
department, National Congress of Mothers, St. Louis, Mo. 



IQI2] National Education Association ii 

4. The School, the College, and the English Farmer. E. J. Russell, director of 
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, England. 

5. What the National Government Can Do. Philander P. Claxton, United 
States commissioner of education, Washington, D. C. 

Gardening in the Light of Racial History. Le Roy H. Harvey, Western State 
Normal School, Kalamazoo, Mich. 

The Training of Teachers for School Gardening. S. B. McCready, Ontario 
Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada. 

Nature Study and the City Child. John L. Randall, supervisor of children's gar- 
dens, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

A Garden for Every Child. Emilie Yunker, State Normal School, Louisville, 
Ky. 

Discussion: Ada Van Stone Harris, assistant superintendent of schools, Rich- 
mond, Va. 

School Gardens and the Fundamentals of Education. Otis W. Caldwell, pro- 
fessor in University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Report of the Committee on Course of Study in Agriculture. E. C. Bishop, 
Schools Section, Extension Department, Iowa State College of Agriculture and 
Mechanic Arts, Ames, Iowa, chairman. 

Discussion. 

The Relation of Better Highways to Country Life Betterment. Mary E. De 
Garmo, Special Agent, United States Office of Public Roads, St. Louis, Mo. 

Joint Session with the American Nature-Study Society and the School Garden 
Association of America. 

Topic: School Gardens and Agricultural Experiment Plots for Rural Schools. 

Rural School Gardens Differentiated from City School Gardens. Van Evrie 
Kilpatrick, president of School Garden Association of America, 4852 Broadway, 
New York, N. Y. 

Rural School Gardens: Results in Ontario, Canada. S. B. McCready, Ontario 
Agricultural College, Guelph, Canada. 

Home Garden and Experiment Plots. Elliott R. Downing, assistant professor 
in School of Education, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111., secretary of American 
Nature-Study Society. 

Forestry in Rural Schools. E. R. Jackson, United States Forest Service .Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Topic: Redirection of Rural Education. 

The Work of the United States Bureau of Education. Philander P. Claxton, 
United States commissioner of education, Washington, D. C. 

The Plans of the Special Committee of the National Education Association on 
Rural Education. E. T. Fairchild, state superintendent of public instruction, 
Topeka, Kans. 

The Betterment of Rural Schools Through Agriculture: The Ohio Plan. F. W. 
Miller, state commissioner of education, Columbus, Ohio. 

The Betterment of Rural Schools Through Boys' and Girls' Clubs: The 
Nebraska Plan. James E. Delzell, state superintendent of public instruction, 
Lincoln, Nebr. 



12 The Journal of Home Economics [October 

The Work of the National Committee on Agriculture. Homer H. Seerley, 
president of Iowa State Teachers College, Cedar Falls, Iowa, chairman. 

Topic: The Relation of the Public Schools to the Movement for Recreational, Social 
and Civic Opportunity. 

1. The Schoolhouse as a Social and Civic Center. Frank P. Walsh, Kansas 
City, Mo. 

2. How a Community May Find Out and Plan for its Recreational Needs. 
Rowland Haynes, field representative, Playground and Recreation Association of 
America, Minneapolis, Minn. 

3. The Relation of Schoolhouse Architecture to the Social Center Movement. 
Dwight H. Perkins, Chicago, 111. 

4. The Public Library, the Public School, and the Social Center Movement. 
Arthur E. Bostwick, Librarian, Public Library, St. Louis, Mo. 

5. The Organization and Administration of Recreation and Social Center Work. 
Erich C. Stern, member of State Legislature, Milwaukee, Wis. 

6. The School as a Recreation Center. Jane Addams, head resident, Hull 
House, Chicago, 111. 

7. The Social Center and the Rural Community. Herbert Quick, Editor of 
Farm and Fireside, Springfield, Ohio. 

Citizen Cooperation. William H. Allen, director of Bureau of Municipal 
Research, New York, N. Y. 

Civic and Social Center Development. Edward J. Ward, University of Wis- 
consin, Madison, Wis. 

Discussion: Azile B. Reynolds, principal of Kinzie School, Chicago, 111.; Pauline 
F. Witherspoon, director of social centers, Louisville, Ky. 

The Significance of the Industrial Arts in the Schools. Charles Ale.xahder 
McMurry, director of Normal Training School, DeKalb, 111. 

Sociological Phases of Industrial Education. Frank M. Leavitt, associate pro- 
fessor of industrial education. University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Discussion: William J. Bogan, principal of Lane Technical High School, Chi- 
cago, 111.; Charles H. Bailey, director of manual training. State Teachers College, 
Cedar Falls, Iowa; David Snedden, commissioner of education, Boston, Mass. 

The Place of Art in the High School of Commerce. J. Earl Griffith, Central 
Commercial and Manual Training High School, Newark, N. J. 

The Value of Art in the Industrial School. Walter Sargent, professor of aes- 
thetic and industrial education. University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

The Dresden Congress. Florence E. Ellis, supervisor of drawing, Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

Discussion: Rose Fetterof, state supervisor of art instruction, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Vocational Training Old and New. T. Vernette Morse, president of Artcraft 
Institute Guild, Chicago, 111. 

The Needed Changes in Manual Arts. Fred D. Crawshaw, professor of manual 
arts. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

Is the Introduction of Technical Subjects in the Eighth Grade Advisable? Wil- 
son H. Henderson, supervisor of manual training, Springfield, 111. 



1912] National Education Association 13 

Discussion: E. A. Wreidt, fellow in education, University of Chicago, Chicago 
111.; Robert W. Selvidge, professor of manual arts. Teachers College, University 
of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.; L. L. Summers, director of manual training in State 
Normal School, Oshkosh, Wis.; L. W. Wahlstrom, Francis W. Parker School, 
Chicago, 111. 

Topic: Science in Practical Courses. 

1. Communal Chemistry: How May the Teaching of Chemistry Promote the 
Well-Being of the Community? Lewis B. Allyn, State Normal School, Westfield, 
Mass. 

2. Chemistry and Household Science. J. F. Snell, MacDonald College, Ste. 
Anne de BcUevue, Quebec, Canada. 

3. Applied Botany. George A. Works, student in agricultural education. Uni- 
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

4. Physics and the Equipment Problem. J. A. Randall, Pratt Institute, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. 

Joint Session with the Department of Physical Education. 

Sexual Reproduction in Animals: The Purpose and Methods of Teaching It. 
Mary Putnam Blount, instructor in zoology, University High School, Chicago, 
111. 

The Physical Growth of the Child and Its Hygiene. W. A. Evans, M.D., 
Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. 

The Selection of Physical Activities as Determined by the Laws of Growth. 
William H. Burnham, professor of pedagogy and school hygiene, Clark University, 
Worcester, Mass. 

department of child hygiene. 

President's Address : The Contribution of Hygiene to Education. William H. 
Burnham, professor of pedagogy and school hygiene, Clark University, Worcester, 
Mass. 

The Hygiene of Rural Schools. Fletcher B. Dresslar, specialist in school 
hygiene. United States Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 

Child Hygiene in the Primary Grades. Arnold L. Gesell, assistant professor 
of education, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. 

department of science instruction. 

President's Address, David Starr Jordan, president of Leland Stanford Junior 
University, Stanford University, Cal. 

Eugenics. Wilham A. McKeever, State Agricultural College, INIanhattan, Kans. 
Scientific Study of the Psychology and Physiology of Adolescence : 

(a) A Study in Adolescent Efficiency. J. H. McCurdy, director of physi- 
cal department. International Y. M. C. A. Training College, Spring- 
field, Mass. 
{b) A Psychological Classification of High School Boys. George E. Daw- 
son, director of department of child study, Henry Barnard School, 
Hartford, Conn. 



14 The Journal of Home Economics [October 

Topic: The Public Schools and the Public Health. 

1. The Duty of the State in the Medical Inspection of Schools; Results which 
the Public may Rightfully Expect. Fletcher B. Dresslar. 

2. The Teaching of Hygiene in the Schools: Public, Personal. David Starr 
Jordan, president of Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University, Cal. 

3. Sanitation in the Rural Community. Charles E. North, M.D., New York, 
N. Y. 

4. Medical Inspection and Medical Freedom. Charles A. L. Reed, M.D., 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

5. Some Problems in Education, as Related to the Public Health. Harvey 
W. Wiley, contributing editor and director of bureau of foods and health, Good 
Housekeeping Magazine, Washington, D. C. 

Educational Values of the School Yard, or Playground. E. B. De Grott, super- 
intendent of playgrounds and sports, South Park Commission, Chicago, 111. 
Disciission. 

Facilities for Industrial Training. Charles A. Prosser, secretary of Society 
for the Promotion of Industrial Education, New York, N. Y. 
Continuation Schools. Edwin G. Cooley, Chicago, 111. 
Discussion. 

(a) The High School Course in General Science. V. G. Barnes, High 

School, Madison, Wis. 
Discussion: Ada L. Weckel, Oak Park and River Forest Township High School, 
Oak Park, 111. 

(b) Method in the General Science Course. John G. Coulter, Blooming- 

ton, 111. 
Disctission: W. L. Eikenberry, University High School, Chicago, 111. 



ANNUAL MEETING AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 
ASSOCIATION. 

The annual meeting of the American Home Economics Association 
will be held at Simmons College, Boston, Mass., Tuesday, December 
31, 191 2, to be preceded by the annual dinner on Monday evening, 
December 30. The Association will be the guests of the New England 
Association at the Boston meeting. The program follows: 

Monday, December 30, 6 p.m. Informal dinner under the auspices of the New 
England Association. Tickets $1.25, may be secured in advance by address- 
ing Miss Dodd, Garland School, Boston, Mass. 
Roll call and reports from the field with informal discussion. 
Tuesday, December 31, g.30 a.m. Meeting at Simmons College: Papers: "Research 
Related to Household Economics," Miss Kingsbury, Simmons College, and 
Director of Research, Women's Industrial and Educational Union, Boston. 
"Household Economics and Social Service," Mrs. Eva W. White, of Eliza- 
beth Peabody House and Massachusetts State Education Department. 
"A College Course in Household Economics," Benjamin R. Andrews, Teach- 
ers College, Columbia University. 
I p.m. Luncheon at the Simmons College Refectory, followed by an address by 

Dr. Snedden, Massachusetts Commissioner of Education. 
J p.m. Annual Business Meeting. 

Report of president. Miss Isabel Bevier, University of lUinois. 

Report of Editorial Board, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, U. S. Department of 

Agriculture. 
Report of Administration Section, Miss Sar^h Louise Arnold, Simmons 

College, Chairman. 
Report of Housekeepers Section, Mrs. Lyndan Evans, Chairman. 
Report of Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund, Dr. B. R. Andrews, Chairman. 
Report of Committee on Constitution and By-Laws, Miss Adelaide Nutting, 

Chairman. 
Report of Committee on Publicity and Progress, Mr. Maurice Le Bosquet, 

Chairman. 
Report of Committee on Legislation. 

Report of Committee on Nominations and Elections, Prof. Henry C. Sher- 
man, Chairman. 
8 p.m. "Municipal and Business Relations of Home Economics." Speakers 
to be announced later. 

The annual meeting of 19 13 will be held the last week of June, 19 13, 
at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. 

15 



Series 1 January 1913 No. 2 

BULLETIN 

American Home Economics 
Association 



HOME 

INSTITUTION 

SCHOOL 



ij; ^ -" 



% 



^. :^^n, u 



PUBLISHED QUARTERLY 

by the 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

ROLAND PARK BRANCH, BALTIMORE, MD. 

Application for mailing at the Baltimore Postoffice as second class 

matter pending 



The American Home Economics 
Association. 

Organized Dec. 31, igoS. Incorporated May i», 1509. 

The American Home Economics Association exists for the purpose of bringing together those 
intereited in the bettering of -onditions in the home, the school, the institution, and the community. 

Annual dues $1.00 



SARAH LOUISE ARNOLD, 
Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 
Vice-Peesidemts 
MARTHA VAN RENSSELAER, ABBY L. MARLATT, 

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

BENJAMIN R. ANDREWS, 
Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City. 
Secretary Treasurer 

ISABEL ELY LORD, C. F. LANGWORTHY, 

Pr»tt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. i6o4-i7th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



The Executive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice- 
presidents, secretary, treasurer, and additional members of the Council, chosen by the Council, 
viz: Alice P. Norton, Helen Kinne, Adelaide Nutting, Mary Pierce Van Zile, Isabel Bevier. 

COUNCILORS AT LARGE 



TERMS EXPIRE loij 
Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Mrs. Aucb P. Norton, 

Roland Park Branch, Simmons College, University of Chicago, 

Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Chicago, III. 

Mr. Gifford Pinchot, Miss Ei.len C. Sabin, 

1615 Rhode Island Ave., Milwaukee-Downer College, 

Washington, D. C. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1914 
Miss JosKPHiNE T. Berry, Miss Mxinr. E. Gearing, Miss Heien Kinne, 

1407 Star Route St., The Savoy, Teachers College, 

Pullman, Wash. Hojston, Texas. Columbia University, 

Miss Catharine A. Mulligan. Mr. George A. Putnam, 

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. Dept. of Agriculture, Toronto, Canada. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1015 
Miss Adelaide Nutting, Miss Marion Talbot, Miss Mary Urie Watson, 

Teachers College, University of Chicago, Macdonald Institute, 

New York City. Chicago, 111. Guelph, Ontario. 

MiRS Ednah a. Rich, Miss Caroline L. Hunt, 

State Normal School 32 Eliot St., 

of Manual Arts and Home Economics , Jamaica Plain, Mast. 

Santa Barbara, Cal. 

TERMS EXPIRE ioi<5 
Mrs. Ellen Huntington Whittem, Miss Catherini, J. MacKay, Miss Louise Stanley, 
9 Vincent Place, Iowa State College, University of Missouri, 

Cambridge, Mass. Ames, Iowa. Columbia, Mo. 

Miss Mary L. Tuttle, Mrs. Mary P. Van Zile, 

Pratt Institute, Kansas State Agricultural College, 

Brooklyn, N. Y. Manhattan, Kansas. ] 

TERMS EXPIRE 1917 ' 

Miss Isabel Bevier, Dr. A. C. True, Miss Agnes Harris 

University of Illinois, U. S. Dept. of .Agriculture, Florida State College, 

Urbana, 111. Washington, D. C. Tallahassee, Fla. 

Miss Letta A. Harkness, Miss Bertha Terrill, 

Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont. University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 

SECTIONAL COUNCILORS 

Administration Section: Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid Club, Essex Co., N. Y. 
Housekeepers' Section: Mrs. Lynden Evans, 1240 Astor St., Chicago, 111. 

REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS 

Represrntative coiinoJIors are t'> be chosen by local societies, one for each one hundred membeci 
or fraction thereof (miaimura of ten), holding paid membership in the American Home Economies 

Association 

Mabel Campbell S. Maru Elliott, Josephine Schiffer, 

Greater New York Home New England Home Iowa Home Economics 

Economics Assn., Economi-rg Association, Association, 

233 WillouKbby Ave., Brooklyn. 300 The Fenway, Boston. 714 W. isth St., Des Moines, Ta. 
Emma S. Jacobs, L. R. Abbott, Maude Gilchrist, 

Home Economics Association Home Economics Club Michigan Home Economics 

of Washington, D.C. of Grand Rapids, Association. 

3SOO nth St.. N. W., 117 Barclay St., Mich. Agri. College. 

Washington, D. C. Grand Rapids, Mich. East Lansing, Mich. 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION. 
ROLAND PARK BRANCH, BALTIMORE. MD. 



REPORT OF THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING, AMERICAN 
HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION. 

The fifth annual business meeting of the American Home Economics Association 
was held December 31, 191 2, at Simmons College, Boston. In the absence of the 
President, Miss Bevier, the first vice-president, Dr. Langworthy, presided. 

The Chairman announced the appointment of the fo'lowing committees: On 
Resolutions, Miss Anna Barrows, Miss Vita Franklin and Miss Adelaide M. 
Abell; On Audit, Mr. Frank Whitcomb and Miss Alice R. Griswold. 

Secretary's Report. — The report of the Secretary of the Association was pre- 
sented by Mr. Andrews as follows : 

The fourth year of the American Home Economics Association has been marked 
with progress. Time has tested the home economics idea, and it has shown its 
inherent power. The spirit of the leader who has gone has very evidently become a 
part of the life of the organization, and the work for social welfare which started in 
the woman's division of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and that in 
quite an unofficial way, is now finding support in a thousand institutions through- 
out the land. The celebration of the seventieth anniversary of the birth of Ellen 
Swallow Richards on December 3, which took place in colleges, normal schools, 
public schools, and in women's organizations in every state and throughout Canada, 
demonstrated that the art of right living which she espoused is moving forward 
now in its own strength. 

The Journal of Home Economics: July i, 1912, marked an advanced position 
for the Journal in securing the full time services of an assistant to the editor. 
A central office for the Association and the Journal, referred to below, has in effect 
been established through this step. As always the Journal has depended upon 
the voluntary service of its editor and contributors, and this must continue. 

Quarterly Bulletin: The Association established in November, 191 2, through the 
action of its Executive Committee, the quarterly Bulletin to be sent to all members 
of the Association, and to contain notices of meetings, reports of proceedings, and 
other official communications. The new quarterly Bulletin is at once a sign of 
membership and an objective return to those who have paid dues. These dues 
alone make possible the Association, the organization upon which the Journal 
depends, the series of annual meetings, the chain of affiliated societies reaching 
from one end of the country to the other, the graduate school of Home Economics, 
and all the other activities which the Association maintains. 

Meetings: The Association cooperated with the Manual Arts Section of the 
National Educational Association in its program at Chicago in July, 191 2. In 
June, the Administration Section held its meeting at the Lake Placid Club. The 
annual meeting of 191 2 was held at Boston, December 30 and 31. The annual 
meeting for 1913 will be held June 21-27, at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Office of tJie Secretary: When the Association was organized, four years ago, the 
duties of secretary and treasurer were combined in a single office. The Secretary 

17 



i8 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

also edited the first two numbers of the Journal of Home Economics, so that in a 
sense all of the business of the Association was for a time centered in the hands of a 
single voluntary ofi&cer. Experience soon showed that there must be a division of 
responsibility. Arrangements were made for that permanent editorial control of 
the Journal of Home Economics, which, beginning in the year 1909, has con- 
tinued to the present, and resulted in its remarkable development. One year ago, 
the offices of secretary and treasurer were separated and two voluntary officers have 
since filled these positions. For three years one of the large items of business con- 
nected with the Secretary's ofl&ce, namely, the maintenance of the membership 
lists and the collection of dues, has been carried on in connection with the Journal 
of Home Economics. There remains, however, a large amount of work connected 
with the planning for meetings, correspondence in connection with committees, 
inquiries on the part of women's clubs, educational institutions and private indi- 
viduals, which altogether make up a burden of responsibility with its accompanying 
opportunity for service, that demand more of time and attention than a voluntary 
offiicer whose working hours are otherwise occupied can well afford to give. The 
Association needs to adjust these demands for service. There is needed a better 
apportionment in the delegation of committee work, so that a greater number of 
the members of the Association may bear the various parts of the work. Relief 
can thus be afforded the position of secretary. 

There is another consideration, however, which the members of the Association 
should have in mind. The time will soon be at hand, if indeed, it is not here already, 
when the Association should organize a national office with a paid staff who shall 
devote themselves to that sort of nation-wide service which a voluntary Associa- 
tion such as ours can give. One has but to look about at similar organizations: 
the National Housing Association, the National Child Labor Committee, the Labor 
Legislation Association, the Playground Association, and many others, each with 
its well defined field of service in which a staff of specialists is furnishing leadership 
from a central office. Something like this is needed in the Home Economics field, 
at least through the next period in the development of the movement, until our 
national government shall, through the Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of 
Education, or some other department, furnish this national directing agency, and 
even then, perhaps, the need for the voluntary central agency will still continue. 
Certain it is that our Home Economics Association might, through a salaried general 
secretary, develop a central bureau of information, which would be of vital service to 
school, household, and institution. A real beginning of such a central ofiice has been 
made during the past six months in securing the full-time services of an assistant to 
the Editor, who has represented not only the Journal of Home Economics, but 
also the Association itself. We must build further on this foundation and not rest 
content until there shall be in active service an efficient staff at a central national 
office. Those parts of the Association's work which can be reduced to routine 
should be transferred to one central office, as the information service, the affiliated 
relationships with local societies and women's clubs, and the development of a 
lecture service. There will still remain ample field for our best voluntary 
service. 

The present Secretary has watched the development of the Association during 
the past four years with the greatest interest. In retiring from the office he wishes 
to express his appreciation of the cooperation unfailingly extended to him by mem- 
bers of the .Association. 



1 9 13] Minutes of the Fifth Annual Meeting 19 

Treasurer's report: 

I. ASSOCIATION ACCOUNT. 

Receipts $9S9-8o 

Expenditures: 

Repayment of loan $195 . 72 

Conventions 248 . 60 

Secretary's office 258.67 

Treasurer's office 98 . 26 

Committees 146 . 84 $948 . 09 

Balance on hand $11.71 

2. JOURNAL ACCOUNT. 

Receipts: 

Balance from 191 1 $641 .60 

Repayment of Association loan 195 .72 

Subscriptions 3316.80 

Reprints, etc 322.09 

Advertising 360.00 $4836. 21 

Expenditures: 

Journal printing $2354.61 

Editor's Office 228.81 

Treasurer's office 560 . 1 2 

Managing editor's office 878.02 

Advertising director 25 .00 

Journal committee 105 . 01 

Miscellaneous printing 124.55 

Refunds 4-80 $4280.92 

Journal balance on hand $555-29 

3. ADMINISTRATION SECTION ACCOUNT. 

1911 balance $29.90; expenditures $29.90 No balance 

4. PERMANENT ASSOCIATION FUND ACCOUNT. 

191 1 balance $150; no expenditures Balance $150 

Reports were also presented from the following: Executive Committee, Editorial 
Board of the Journal of Home Economics, Administration Section, Housekeepers' 
Section, Graduate School of Home Economics, Committee on Constitution and 
By-Laws, Textiles, Syllabus of Home Economics (in press). Committee on 
Research in Home Economics, Committee on International Congress at Ghent, 
Committee on Publicity, Committee on Legislation, Committee on Audit, and 
the Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund, the detailed report of which is given 
below. 



20 Bulletin A merican Home Economics A ssociation [January 

Election of Officers. — The Election Committee reported the returns from the 
nominating ballots sent out by mail to members of the Association. Mrs. Wool- 
man and Dr. Langworthy, whose names were among those announced as receiving 
votes which placed them in the list of candidates for office, asked to have their 
names withdrawn. The request was acceded to. The following names were then 
presented, and on motion, by unanimous vote, the Secretary was authorized to 
cast the ballot of the Association for these officers who were declared elected : 

President, for 1913: Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Simmons College, Boston. 

Vice-Presidents, for 1913: Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell University, 
Ithaca; Miss Abby L. Marlatt, University of Wisconsin; Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, Columbia University. 

Secretary, for 1913: Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Pratt Institute. 

Treasurer, for 1913: Frederick B. Pratt, who found it impossible to serve. 
Charles F. Langworthy, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, was 
appointed to fill this office. 

Members of the Council for five years beginning 1913: Miss Isabel Bevier, Univer- 
sity of Illinois; A. C. True, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington; 
Miss Agnes Harris, Florida State College, Tallahassee; Miss Lilla A. Harkins, 
Montana State College, Bozeman; Miss Bertha Terrill, University of Vermont, 
Burlington, Vermont. 

Member of Nominating Committee for five years, beginning 1913: Miss Anna 
Barrows, Teachers College, Columbia University. 

The business being concluded the chairman asked Mrs. Abel to address the 
convention. 

At the conclusion of Mrs. Abel's address, the convention was declared adjourned. 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Secretary, American Home Economics Association. 

ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND. 

Report Presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the 

American Home Economics Association, Boston, 

December 31, 1912. 

In June, 1911, a meeting of friends of Mrs. Richards held at Boston resulted in 
a plan to raise a national fund of $100,000 as the Ellen H. Richards Home Economics 
Fund, and the appointment by the Association of the following Fund Committee: 
Mrs. WiUiam H. Barrett, chairman. Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Miss Isabel Hyams, 
Miss Ednah A. Rich, Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews. The chairman of the Committee 
began the canvass by compiling a list of 130,000 names to be solicited personally for 
the uniform sum of $1.00. State chairmen were secured who started the canvass in 
Massachusetts, New York, Ilhnois, Utah, and Texas during 191 1 and the first half 
of 191 2, and plans had been made in certain other states. Experience with the list 
suggested that since the list was necessarily made up of published lists of sci- 
entific societies, and similar changing lists, it was in many cases unreliable, or that 
the method of personal canvass was uncertain. 

Up to September 20, 191 2, there had been turned in by collectors $668.72; 



1 913] Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund 21 

(in addition, of the amounts since transmitted to the Committee a large share, 
perhaps one-half of that received to date, is due to the canvass based on the 
original list). The expenses of the canvass to September 20, 1912, incurred for the 
list and printed matter for solicitors, was $359.82; leaving a net balance on Sep- 
tember 20, 191 2, of $309.00. At a meeting of the Committee on that date it was 
decided, temporarily at least, to abandon the use of the list, and to initiate a rapid 
canvass of the members of the Association, and of schools, colleges, and clubs 
interested in home economics. Subscriptions were to be sought in any sum, 
rather than the uniform amount of $1.00; each person canvassed was asked to 
become himself a canvasser, or at least to suggest names of persons who might 
contribute; a plan was drafted for observing December 3, 191 2, the seventieth anni- 
versary of Mrs. Richards' birth, as Home Economics Day in schools, colleges, and 
clubs; and a Richards Home Economics Calendar was projected to be sold for the 
benefit of the Fund. At Mrs. Barrett's request, Mr. Andrews undertook the acting- 
chairmanship of the Committee, with authority to secure clerical assistance. 

The acting-chairman prepared a circular asking subscriptions for the Fund, and also 
a program for observing Home Economics Day. Five papers were printed to aid the 
observance: two sketches of Mrs. Richards' life, one by Miss Caroline Hunt, and one 
by Miss Frances Stern, and three sketches, of Xenophon's Oeconomicus, of Count 
Rumford, and Catherine Beecher, respectively, by Dr. Andrews. The Fund cir- 
cular was sent to members of the Association and subscribers to the Journal, and 
the Fund circular with the Home Economics Day program and in part, the accom- 
panying papers, to 100 colleges, 130 normal schools, 700 high schools, 300 superin- 
tendents of schools, and 1000 women's clubs. The Richards Calendar was edited 
by Miss Hyams, and its cost guaranteed by fifteen members of the Association. 
During November the canvass had the full-time services, and in December part- 
time services, of Mrs. Bertha Fletcher Lent, a graduate of Teachers College, who 
did much to make this necessarily rapid canvass a success. From September 20 to 
December 20, 191 2, there has been received $995.60 and expenditures of $372.64 
have been incurred. Toward the latter, the Executive Committee of the Association 
granted $50.00; leaving net receipts from September 20 to December 20, 191 2, of 
$672.96. This with the net balance September 20 of $309.00, makes the total bal- 
ance on hand December 20, 1912, $981.96. In addition upwards of $250.00 is 
reported in the hands of collectors; making a net total for the Fund up to December 
20 of approximately $1250.00. It is important to remember that in such a canvass 
as this, every effort is cumulative — the canvass of 191 1 as well as the recent three 
months' effort would long continue to show results, if nothing further were to be 
done. It is more important to realize that the canvass is succeeding and that com- 
plete success is possible if all will unite in a vigorous prosecution of it. 

In view of these facts, therefore, the Richards Fund Committee recommends the 
following measures, in order that the Association may practically dedicate itself to 
the establishment of this living memorial of our leader, and that the canvass may be 
continued to a successful culmination: 

(i) That a person be employed at the Association ofl&ce, who is especially quali- 
fied to carry forward the canvass. 

(2) That a more complete statement of the practical usefulness of such a Fund 
for Publication and Research be drawn up, to be published as an Association Bulle- 
tin and circulated widely under second-class postage entry. 



2 2 Bulletin A merican Home Economics A ssociation [January 

(3) That publications under the imprint of the Richards Home Economics Fund 
be issued at the earliest possible date, thus furnishing a demonstration of the use- 
fulness of such a fund. 

(4) That all Association members be urged to refer to the Fund in public lectures 
(several members already regularly do so) ; and to secure press reports on the Fund 
and Home Economics Day (one member recently secured a half-page illustrated 
article in the New York Times, and another articles in several New Orleans papers). 

(5) That schools and colleges form Richards Home Economics Clubs of their 
students, who may thus interest themselves in the Fund; that the alumni of such 
institutions be reached by alumni committees. 

(6) That each member of the Association take personal interest in the canvass; 
canvassing personally, organizing methods of raising money locally, and sending 
names to the Committee. 

(7) That affiliated local societies be asked to make the Fund canvass a chief 
item on their program for 1913 appointing a special committee of officers, and mak- 
ing plans for raising funds by entertainments, etc.; undertaking the canvass for 
states and cities as far as possible. 

(8) That ways of raising funds by sales, entertainments, lectures, exhibits of the 
history of home economics, pageants, etc., be devised, and pubHshed. 

(9) That a Home Economics Day program for 1913 be drawn up early in the 
year by a special committee and published in the Association Bulletin. 

(10) That there be considered the seeking of large subscriptions from public- 
spirited people of wealth; individual members of the Association may find persons 
willing to give $100, $500, $1000, or more to this practical agency for the home. 

(11) That the interest of federated women's clubs be sought, especially in the 
observance of the Richards' Home Economics Day, December 3, 1913; and that 
when the Decker Endowment Fund is secured, that local clubs having household 
economic departments be asked to raise contributions to the Richards Fund. 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Acting Chairman. 

ANNUAL MEETING. 

The Annual Meeting of the American Home Economics Associa- 
tion will be held Jime 27-July 4, 191 3, at Cornell University, Ithaca, 
N. Y. Later issues of the Bulletin and the Journal of Home Eco- 
nomics will give details. 



CONSTITUTION OF AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 
ASSOCIATION. 

Article I. 

NAME. 

The name of this organization shall be the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association. 

Article II. 

OBJECT. 

1. The object of this Association shall be to improve the conditions 
of living in the home, the institutional household, and the community. 

2. Specifically this Association shall aim to advance its purpose: 
By the study of problems connected with the household. 

By securing recognition of subjects related to the home in the cur- 
ricula of existing schools and colleges. 

By securing the establishment and standardization of professional 
courses and schools for the training of teachers, and of home, institu- 
tional, social and municipal workers. 

By encouraging and aiding investigations and research in univer- 
sities, and by the State and Federal governments. 

By publications professional and popular, and by meetings local and 
national, that knowledge may be increased, and especially that public 
opinion may be informed and advancement made secure by legis- 
lative enactment. 

Article III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

I. All who are actively interested in home problems are eligible to 
membership in the Association, including: 

All professionally concerned with this field as teachers of Domestic 
Science and Art, Home and Institutional Economics, and allied edu- 
cational fields, students, investigators, housekeepers, institution 
managers, social and municipal workers; interested housewives and 

23 



24 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

homemakers; professional workers in allied fields, as educators, phy- 
sicians, hygienists, sanitary experts, architects, and others; clubs, 
associations, societies, and institutions interested in the work of this 
Association. 

Article IV. 

OFFICERS. 

1. The officers shall consist of a president, three vice-presidents, a 
secretary, a treasurer, an executive committee, and a council. 

2. The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, and treasurer 
shall be elected at the annual meeting and shall serve one year. 

3. The council shall consist of four classes of members: (i) the six 
elected officers, as above specified; (2) twenty-five councilors-at-large, 
chosen at the annual meeting for rotating terms of five years, so 
arranged that five councilors shall be chosen each year after the first; 
(3) representative councilors, chosen for a term of one year, one 
from each local society which includes in its membership at least 
ten paid members of the American Home Economics Association. 
Any local society having over 100 paid members in the American 
Home Economics Association shall be entitled to one councilor for 
each 100 such members or fraction thereof; (4) the chairman of each 
section of the Association. 

4. The executive committee shall consist of the elected officers and 
five councilors-at-large. 

Article V. 

MEETINGS. 

I. There shall be an annual meeting of the Association at such time 
and place as the executive committee shall determine. 

Article VI. 

JOURNAL. 

I. The Association shall issue a professional journal which shall 
be the property of the Association. 

Article VII. 
incorporation. 
I. The Association shall become incorporated. 



19 13] Constitution 25 

Article VIII. 

AMENDMENTS. 

I. This constitution may be amended by a vote of two- thirds of the 
members present at any meeting, provided that notice of the 
proposed amendment be given in due form at the preceding annual 
meeting. 

BY-LAWS. 
Article I. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

A nominating committee consisting of five members shall be elected 
by the Association for rotating terms of five years, so arranged that 
one member shall be elected each year after the first. The committee 
shall make nominations after inviting suggestions from members. 

Election shall be by majority voting. 

Article II. 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

Sec. I. The president and vice-presidents shall have the duties 
usually pertaining to such ofiices. 

Sec. II. (i) The treasurer shall as treasurer give bonds for all funds 
intrusted, and shall submit annual reports of receipts and expendi- 
tures, with vouchers. Money shall be paid only on the order of the 
chairman of the finance committee. 

(2) The secretary shall, as secretary, preserve the records of the 
Association; shall maintain at the office a library of books and pam- 
phlets and other material relating to the field of the Association; shall 
endeavor to increase the membership of the Association, and shall 
develop its relations with affiliated societies. 

Sec. III. (i) The council shall meet one day before the annual 
meeting and continue in session as necessary thereafter. 

(2) It shall have supervision of the business of the Association and 
shall pass upon matters submitted to it by the executive committee. 

(3) It shall elect from its members the five members who with the 
president, vice-presidents, secretary , and treasurer, form the executive 
committee. 



26 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

(4) It may fill for the year any vacancies which may occur in its 
membership. 

Sec. IV. (i) The executive committee shall manage the business 
of the Association in the intervals between meetings. It shall appoint 
standing committees and fill such vacancies in ofi5ce, with the excep- 
tion of president, as may occur between annual meetings. 

(2) It shall constitute the board who will hold the property of the 
Association, including the Journal, and be responsible for its publica- 
tion. 

(3) It shall arrange the time and place of the annual meeting. 

(4) A meeting of this committee may be called at any time by the 
president of the Association. Five members shall constitute a quorum. 

Article III. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Sec. I. Anyone who is elected by the executive committee becomes 
a member upon payment of dues. 
Members shall consist of four kinds: 
(i) Annual — dependent on payment of dues, one dollar ($1.00). 

(2) Life membership — dependent on payment of fifty dollars 
($50.00). 

(3) Patrons — those who contribute one thousand dollars ($1 ,000.00) . 

(4) Honorary membership shall consist of those whom the Associa- 
tion wishes to honor for exceptional service in any lines of work for 
which the Association stands. 

The last three shall be exempt from annual dues. 

Sec. II. Affiliated Local Societies — Any local organization desiring 
to affiliate with the American Home Economics Association shall 
include in its constitution the following statements: "The object of 
this organization is the same as that of the American Home Economics 
Association as stated in its constitution, Article 2. In addition, this 
association wishes to devote itself more specifically to the problems of 
Home Economics as they may develop in its local field." 

Article IV. 

COMMITTEES. 

The standing committees shall perform any work in their subject 
that may be assigned to them by the council or the executive commit- 



1 9 13] Constitution 27 

tee. They shall report at the annual meeting or from time to time, 
as seems advisable. 

Article V. 

SECTIONS OF AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION. 

Sec. I. Sections shall be organized subject to the approval of the 
council. Each section shall have its officers, consisting of chairman, 
vice-chairman, secretary, treasurer, and such committees as the 
section shall from time to time authorize. 

Sec. II. Sections shall be represented on the council of the American 
Home Economics Association by the chairman. 

Sec. III. The general Association will provide opportunity on its 
program for sectional meetings, will print the proceedings of sections, 
and in every way possible encourage the development of sections. 

Article VI. 

AMENDMENTS. 

These by-laws may be amended by a vote of two-thirds of the mem- 
bers present at any meeting, provided that notice of the proposed 
amendment be given in due form at least one month in advance. 

Article VII. 
Business shall be conducted according to Roberts' Rules of Order. 



LIST OF MEMBERS OF AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 
ASSOCIATION. 

Life Members. 

NAME ADDRESS 

Mr. Melvil Dewey Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Mrs. Melvil Dewey Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Grace H. Dodge 262 Madison Ave., New York City . 

Members. 

Abbott, L. R 117 Barclay St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Abel, Mrs. Mary H Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. 

Abell, Adelaide M 37 Adelaide Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Adams, Amanda McConnick Central High School, Detroit, Mich. 

Adams, Helen in Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Addison, C Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, Can. 

Agnew, Ella G Burkeville, Va. 

Alden, Caroline E 30 E. 33d St., Bayonne, N. J. 

Allen, Annie E 263 Harvard St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Allen, Bemice Technical High School, Springfield, Mass. 

Allen, Katherine Troy, O. 

Allen, Lydia G 24 S. West St., Media, Pa. 

Allison, Inga M. K Colorado Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. 

Alport, Ruth J 131 Allen St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Anderson, Annie O 1265 N. Flower St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Anderson, Maria B Sonora, Tulumne County, Cal. 

Andrews, B. R 421 W. 121st St., New York City. 

Armstrong, Lillian M loi N. 6th St., Darby, Pa. 

Arnold, Mary EUicott 209 Dryden Road, Ithaca, N. Y . 

Arnold, Sarah Louise Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Atwater, Helen W 226 Washington St., Middletown, Conn. 

Atwater, Ruth Pratt Institute, Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Aylward, Emma B Institutional Work, Chicago, 111. 

Babcock, Ella L University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 

Bachelder, Grace D Boston, Mass. 

Bacon, Margaret J 53 Rawley St., Rochester, N. Y . 

Bacon, Mrs. Mary A. C Westerly, R. I. 

Baer, Edith Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Baily, Bessie 23 Minnie St., Santa Cruz, Cal. 

Bailey, Sarah Bellevue College, Bellevue, Neb. 

Baird, Rose A Rockford College, Rockford, 111. 

28 



1913] List of Members 29 

NAME ADDRESS 

Baker, Elizabeth H Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. 

Balch, Emily G Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Balderston, L. Ray Teachers College, New York City. 

Baldwin, Isabel C 329 S. Clay Ave., Jacksonville, 111. 

Baldwin, Mary F 638 Fulton St., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Baldwin, W. A Hyannis, Mass. 

Ballard, Mrs. J. H 34 Morningside Ave. E., New York City. 

Barber, Carrie B Northfield Seminary, E. Northfield, Mass. 

Barber, Edith 3433 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Barclay, Mrs. Delancy H 14 E. Franklin St., Baltimore, Md. 

Barker, Mrs. A. B 630 Huron St., Toronto, Can. 

Barnard, Chas 344 S. Catilina Ave., Pasadena, Cal. 

Barnum, Mrs. Nathaniel C 350 Oxford St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Barrett, Blanche Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Barrett, Emma 151 1 Boylston Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Barron, Hazel 641 N. 7th St., Grants Pass, Ore. 

Barrows, Anna Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Barrows, Mary Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Barstow, Miriam iio3-i8th Ave., N., Seattle, Wash. 

Bartholow, Sallie C 1236 Harvard St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Bartlett, Ellen 1233 St. Charles St., Alameda, Cal. 

Bartlett, Mrs. Jessie Mary 815 Maple Ave., Terre Haute, Ind. 

Bartlett, Katharine R 181 Princess St., St. Johns, N. B., Can. 

Bartlett, M. Faye 6 Main St., Easthampton, Mass. 

Bartram, M. S Kennett Square, Pa. 

Bates, Elizabeth C 661 E. 170th St., Bronx, N. Y. 

Baxter, Orissa M 1544 Broad St., Hartford, Conn. 

Bayliss, Anna B 472 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Beal, Fannie E Addison, Mich. 

Becker, Bertha M 150 W. 80th St., New York City. 

Becker, Lulu M 401 S. Saginaw St., Pontiac, Mich. 

Beecher, Hadassah C 1248 S. Bonnie Brae, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Bell, Martha T 20 E. Oak St., Denton, Tex. 

Bement, Mrs. Alberto 116 S. Homan Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Bemis, Bessie 2130 Carter Ave., St. Anthony Park, St. Paul, Minn. 

Benedict, Mrs. Francis G 195 Bellevue St., Boston, Mass. 

Benedict, Sarah 430 S. Ashland Blvd., Chicago, 111. 

Benson, C. C University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. 

Benton, Gladys R 349 Main St., Danbury, Conn. 

Berry, Elizabeth 130 Amsterdam Ave., New York City. 

Berry, Josephine T 1407 Star Route St., Pullman, Wash. 

Bevier, Isabel Urbana, 111. 

Bice, Mrs. J. W 518 H St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Bigelow, Gertrude Shattuck St., Natick, Mass. 

Birck, Florence E 3201 Clifford St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Birdseye, Miriam Rand Hall, Bates College, Lewiston,Me. 

Bishop, Lana Technical High School, Cleveland, O. 



3© Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Bizzell, W. B Denton, Tex. 

Blackman, Edith 46 Summit St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Blair, Mrs. Margaret J University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Blake, Rosalia E 115 Race St., Cambridge, Md. 

Blohm, Anna F Hayes Hall, O. S. U., Columbus, O. 

Blood, Alice F 10 Humboldt St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Blunt, Katherine Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Board of Education Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Bolz, Hulda F 1509 Bremen Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Bond, Clara B Spokane High School, Spokane, Wash. 

Bookwater, Mrs. Alfred S 3324 Perkins Ave., Cincinnati, O. 

Boughton, Alice C 4424 Larchwood Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Bouton, Rosa Ocean Beach, San Diego Co., Cal. 

Boyer, Harriet A Newcomb College, New Orleans, La. 

Boyington, Mrs. R. P 5804 Tioga St., Duluth, Minn. 

Brackett, Jefifrey R 41 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

Bradley, Alice 11 Dell Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. 

Bradt, CeceHa K 38i-4th Ave., New York City. 

Bradt, Mrs. S. E De Kalb, III. 

Bray, Evelyn London, Ontario, Can. 

Bray, Lena State School of Agriculture, Canton, N. Y. 

Brayton, Irma 2125 Broadway, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Breckinridge, S. P Green Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Brennan, Mrs. Minnie B 2419 Channing Way, Berkeley, Cal. 

Briscoe, Mrs. Chas. H Thompsonville, Conn. 

Brookings, Mrs. Walter DuBois 228 Hyde St., San Francisco, Cal. 

Brooks, Mrs. Helen B Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Brown, Mrs. Ida M 28 Green St., Gorham, Me. 

Brown, Kate Louise 916 College Ave., Burlington, la. 

Bruce, Dr. H. T New York Training School for Girls, Hudson, N. Y. 

Bruere, Mrs. Martha Bensley 206^ W. 13th St., New York City 

Bryant, Louise Stevens University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Buchner, Mrs. E. F 2120 Callow Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Bullard, Marjorie L 781 Lincoln Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

Bullard, Sarah H 818 Potomac Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Bunce, Alice J 17 Pickman St., Salem, Mass. 

Burbank, Annie F R. F. D. 16, Penacook, N. H. 

Bumite, Mary A 509 W. 121st St., New York City. 

Burton, Alice 900 Clark St., Charles City, la. 

Button, G. L 218 W. Grand St., Elizabeth, N. J. 

Buttorff, Lucy W 233 Fatherland St., Nashville, Tenn. 

Buxton, Jessie M 144 Woodland St., Worcester, Mass. 

Byers, Ruby M Shaw High School, Cleveland, O. 

Byington, Grace W 717 N. Gibbs St., Pomona, Cal. 

Caldwell, Katherine Artesia, Calif. 

Caldwell, Mrs. William H 535 West Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 



1913] List of Members 31 

NAME ADDRESS 

Calvin, Mrs. Henrietta W Corvallis, Oregon. 

Cameron, Mrs. Katherine M State Normal College, Spearfish, S. D. 

Camp, Elizabeth F 422 Murray St., Madison, Wis. 

Campbell, Mrs. Louise H Iowa State College, Ames, la. 

Campbell, Mabel 507 E. Graham St., Bloomington, 111. 

Campbell, M. E Box 361, Ontario, Cal. 

Carpenter, Abbie J Grand Rapids, Minn. 

Carpenter, Mrs. George O 12 Portland Place, St. Louis, Mo. 

Carpenter, Mary L State Normal School, Fitchburg, Mass. 

Carpenter, Winifred M 405 W. i i8th St., New York City. 

Carr, R. E Southern Seminary, Buena Vista, Va. 

Carroll, Chas. E Rutland, Mass. 

Gary, Mrs. C. McK Wells College, Aurora, N. Y. 

Casey, Josephine G 3001 De Groff Way, Kansas City, Mo. 

Casken, Iranilla i723-3d Ave., North, Seattle, Wash. 

Gate, Mrs. Margaret W 217 I (eye) St. N. W., Wash., D. C. 

Chamot, Georgina E 69 Johnson Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Champion, Clara W 738 E. i6th St., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Chandler, Mabel W 233 Middle St., New Bedford, Mass. 

Chapin, Florence E 215 Jefferson St., Hartford, Conn. 

Chapin, Mary T 530 N. Pacific St., Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Chase, Annette F Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Chesney, William Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 

Childs, Ruth K 477 Yates St., Albany, N. Y. 

Christian, M. Katherine Lexington Pubhc Schools, Lexington, Ky. 

Church, Carrie E Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu, T. H. 

Churchman, Sarah B Beecher Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Cochran, Mrs. B. W., Jr 200 Goodwood Road, Roland Park, Md. 

Clark, Matie Pearl 941 Apgar St., Oakland, Cal. 

Clem, Isabelle 135 Lefferts Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Coffin, Margaret 100 Gainsboro St., Boston, Mass. 

Colburn, Mrs. Burnham S 215 Burns Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Colby, Eva Macomb, 111. 

Cole, Eva 1826 S. Figuersa St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Cole, Marion L American International College, Springfield, Mass. 

Cole, William Morse 35 Langdon St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Coleman, Laura L io2-33d St., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Colwell, Rachel H University of West Virginia, Morgantown, W. Va. 

Comstock, Laura 24 Main St., Orono, Me. 

Condit, Elizabeth C 288 Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Conger, Margaret L 82 West 12th St., New York City 

Connor, Henrietta 177 N. State St., Chicago, 111. 

Converse, Mary East Technical High School, Cleveland, O. 

Cooke, Amelia A Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Cooley, Anna M Teachers College, New York City 

Coolidge, Ellen W 81 Marlboro St., Boston, Mass. 

Cooper, Blanche Box 247, Logan, Utah 



3 2 Bidletin A merican Home Economics A ssociation [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Cooper, Lena F Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Corbett, Florence R 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City 

Countryman, E. C The Capitol, Albany, N. Y. 

Cowles, Julia K 266 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Cox, Marion 234 W. 9th St., Canton, O. 

Craig, Agnes H College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Craythorn, Ida 302 W. State St., Trenton, N. J. 

Crigler, Nina B University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Crooks, Nellie Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Crosby, Mrs. Wm. Howard 1042 Main St., Racine, Wis. 

Cross, Elizabeth W 1804 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C. 

Crozier, Susan L L. F. O. A., Lynchburg, Va. 

Cunningham, Mrs. Frederic 135 Ivy St., Brookline, Mass. 

Currie, Mrs. M. L Nurses Home, State Hospital, Middletown, Conn. 

Curtis, Alice E 11 Pleasant St., Medford, Mass. 

Cushing, Florence M 8 Walnut St., Boston, Mass, 

Daniels, Ada E 42 Tremont St., Hartford, Conn. 

Daniels, Amy Louise 1323 Keyser Ave., Columbia, Mo. 

Daniels, Mabel C Bancroft, Neb. 

Davidson, Flora, H The Baldwin School, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Davis, Mamie B Box 304, S. Western Normal, Weathersford, Okla. 

Davis, Olive Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Davis, Sara E 4202 Girard Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dawson, Mrs. Percy Ganges, Mich. 

Day, Edna D 1345 Tennessee St., Lawrence, Kan. 

Day, Helen M 222 Laura St., Peoria, 111. 

Deacon, Gertrude N 309 Garden St., Mount Holly, N. J. 

Dean, Mary S 5 East St., Adams, Mass. 

Dean, Nellie 54 W. 82d St., New York City. 

de Cerkez, Florence E 411 W. 114th St., New York City 

De Laporte, Marie A 90 Gloucester St., Toronto, Can. 

Dellwig, Flora 175 Massachusetts Ave. N. E., Washington, D. C. 

Denniston, Emma 923 E. St. John St., Seattle, Wash. 

Denniston, Mary E Manchester, Wash. 

Denny, Grace G 1726 Q St., Lincoln, Neb. 

Denton, Minna C Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111. 

De Wolfe, Rev. H. T Acadia Seminary, Wolfville, N. S. 

Dick, Rhoda E 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City 

Dickerson, Luna Vigan, Ilacos Sur., P. I. 

Dike, Alice Norton 113 Hancock St., Auburndale, Mass. 

Dillon, Mrs. Miriam S 105 Bull St., Charleston, S. C. 

Dinwiddle, Emily W 187 Fulton, St., New York City 

Dodd, Margaret P. O. Box 77, Brookline, Mass. 

Donham, Agnes Rockland, Mass. 

Donaghue, Clara Scranton, Pa. 

Dorman, Jessie T iii Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



1913] -^w^ of Members 33 

NAME ADDRESS 

Dornbusch, Louise M 1221 K St., Washington, D. C. 

Doty, Mrs. Paul 286 Laural Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

Douglas, Elizabeth M 56 Spear St., Quincy, Mass. 

Dow, Ula M Manhattan, Kan. 

Dowd, Mary 22 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

DriscoU, Susie G 40 Burgess St., Lowell, Mass. 

Dudley, M. F Worcester State Insane Hospital, Worcester, Mass. 

Dunham, Edna B 742 Central Ave., Sandusky, O. 

Dunlap, Mrs. Henry M Savoy, 111. 

Dunn, Mrs. John Kendall 398 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. 

Eadie, E. M Bloor St. and North Drive, Toronto, Can. 

East, Anna M 316 Mercado, Ermita, Manila, P. I. 

Easton, Mrs. Frank T 32 Westminster St., Providence, R. I. 

Ebbets, Charlotte P Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Eck, Harriet Y. W. C. A., Collins Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Eckman, Rena S Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. 

Edson, Mrs. Mary D 2300 Maumee Ave., Ft. Wayne, Ind. 

Eichbaum, Lilian 1601 Connecticut Ave., Washington, D. C. 

Fichenbaum, Nettie Avonia, Erie County, Pa. 

Eisenberger, Anna M 90 Locust Hill Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Eliott, M. Louise 11 Morse St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Elliott, Clara E Normal School, Hamilton, Ontario, Can. 

Elliott, S. Maria 118 Charles St., Boston, Mass. 

Ellis, Bertha 115 E. Walnut St., Pasadena, Cal. 

Elwell, Georgia Belle 907-7th St., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Ensign, Mrs. C. H 179 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Eppendorff, Lura 220 B St. S. E., Washington, D. C. 

Evans, Mrs. Lynden 1240 Astor St., Chicago, 111. 

Evans, Margaret M 337 E. Main St., Kent, O. 

Evans, Mary 4479 Berlin Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Evans, Sydney Merion, Pa. 

Ewart, Nellie E 11 Newman Way, Arlington, Mass. 

Facht, Amy 52 Rutland St., Boston, Mass. 

Fair, Mabel A 241 Scott St., Knoxville, Tenn. 

Fairall, Henrietta A 1720 Hughitt Ave., Superior, Wis. 

Fales, Jane Teachers College, New York City. 

Farmer, Fannie Merrit 30 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Farnsworth, Nellie W State Normal, Valley City, N. D. 

Farrell, Mary R Wayne, Delaware Co., Pa. 

Ferguson, Mrs. Henry 123 Vernon St., Hartford, Conn. 

Ferguson Publishing Co Sherman, Tex. 

Feuling, Mrs. Alice Dynes 128 Bruen St., Madison, Wis. 

Field, Bertha L 423 N. Front St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Fishback, Bess L Waitsburg, Wash. 

Fisher, Grace ioo8-8th St., Menomonie, Wis. 



34 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Fisher, Edgar A Earlham College, Richmord, Ind. 

Fisher, Mrs. Edgar A Richmond, Ind. 

Fisher, Mrs. Irving 460 Prospect St., New Haven, Conn. 

Fisher, Katherine A MacDonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Flagg, Etta P iiS N. Union Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Fleming, Edith C Parliament Bldg., Toronto, Can. 

Folger, Harriet 1129 J St., Lincoln, Neb. 

Foote, Alice B 328 Sixth Ave., New York City. 

Forbes, Mrs. E. B 118 N. Buckeye St., Wooster, O. 

Forehand, A. Josephine 40 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. 

Foster, Florence E 1941 E. loi St., Cleveland, O. 

Foulk, Mrs. C. W 384 King Ave., Columbus, O. 

Francis, Emma 710 N. Walnut St., Canton, O. 

Francis, Lillias D Normal School, Tempe, Ariz. 

Francis, Myrtle Dewey State Normal School, River Falls, Wis. 

Franklin, Veta St. Agnes School, Albany, N. Y. 

Eraser, Jennie L 85 West Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Freeman, Frances R State Normal School, Moorehead, Mirm. 

Freeman, Mrs. Herbert C Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. 

French, Lucile Grace 420 W. 119th St., New York City. 

French, Mrs. Martha H 21 Normal St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

French, OHve M 2204 Maryland Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Frich, Lilla Pauline City Hall, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Fromme, Nola K Calumet, Mich. 

Fuller, Grace Michigan State Normal College, Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Fuller, Maud 403 Fountain St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Gage, Marian 57 Cypress St., Brookline, Mass. 

Gamble, Mrs. D. B 4 Westmoreland Place, Pasadena, Cal. 

Gaylord, Florence Pasadena, Cal. 

Gaymon, Leah May 123 W. 5th St., St. Paul, Minn. 

Gearing, Mary E University of Texas, Austin, Tex. 

George, Elva A Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York City 

George, George Technical College, Auchland, New Zealand 

Gerould, Harriet 900 Boulevard, Miami, Fla. 

Gessner, Mabel L 150 Bradley St., New Haven, Conn. 

Gibbons, Louisa J 124 Trenton St., Melrose, Mass. 

Gibbs, Charlotte M University of lUinois, Urbana, 111. 

Gibbs, Winifred S 70 Irving Place, New York City 

Gies, Dr. Wm. J 437 W. 59th St., New York City 

Gilbreth, Frank B 60 Broadway, New York City 

Gilchrist, Maude Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Gillet, Grace P 25 South St., Auburn, N. Y. 

Gillet. Lucy H Illinois Women's College, Jacksonville, 111. 

Gilmore, Jennie W McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo. 

Gilson, Helen E Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Gladish, Nan G 431 N. Prairie Ave., Austin, Chicago, 111. 



1913] -^^^^ of Members 35 

NAME ADDRESS 

Gleason, Margaret 734 Main St., Davenport, la. 

Gloster, Jennie S 321 Brookline Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Goldthwaite, N. E University of Illinois, Urbana, 111 

Goodspeed, Helen C Penn Yan, N. Y. 

Gordon, C. Lillian 59 Brighton St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Gordon, Edith M 183 Pleasant St., Milton, Mass. 

Graves, Frances Cuero, Tex. 

Graves, Lillian San Dimas, Cal. 

Graves, Mrs. Louisa 118 White St., Syracuse, N. Y. 

Gray, Cora E 805 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Gray, Grace Medora V 4624 Lake Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Green, Anna G 801 Elmira St., Williamsport, Pa. 

Green, NelHe B 413 N. Main St., Fairfield, la. 

Greene, M. Louise 14 University Place, New Haven, Conn. 

Greenlaw, A i4i4-8th St., Sacramento, Cal. 

Greer, Carlotta C Technical High School, Cleveland, O. 

Gregg, Mary 258A Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Grindley, Prof. H. 8 University of Illinois, Urbana, III. 

Griswold, Alice R 431 Greenwich St., Reading, Pa. 

Gross, Mrs. Anna Rew iico Ridge Ave., Evanston, 111. 

Guldlin, Mrs. O. N 2306 Fairfield Ave., Ft. Wayne, Ind. 

Gunn, Alice M L. Box 264, Superior, Wis. 

Gunn, Mrs. Arthur Wenatchee, Wash. 

Gunther, Emma H 505 W. 121st St., New York City 

Gurnee, Elisabeth 2255 Broadway, San Francisco, Cal. 

Hadwin, Sibylla Duncans, B. C, Can. 

Hagar, Grace E 1116 W. 30th St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Hagelstein, Sophie C Loomis, N. Y. 

Haggart, Margaret H State Agricultural College, Ft. Collins, Colo. 

Hale, Mrs. Wm. B 19 Prince St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Hall, Mrs. Caroline Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hall, Edith 208 College Ave., De Kalb, 111. 

Hall, Eliza P Nassau Industrial School, Lawrence, Long Island, N. Y. 

Hallock, Anne F 123 N. 9th St., La Crosse, Wis. 

Halm, Helen H Southwest Texas State Normal School, San Marcos, Tex. 

Hamilton, Joan Victoria School, Mclntyre St., Regina, Sask. 

Hamilton, Mrs. H. DeWitt 612 W. Pierce St., Kirksville, Mo. 

Hanna, Agnes K School of Education, University of Chicago, Chicago 111. 

Hanna, Mary E 4934 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hardy, Katherine May 1126 N. Main St., Dayton, O. 

Harkins, Lilla A Montana State College of Agriculture, Bozeman, Mont. 

Harris, Agnes Ellen State College for Women, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Harris, Jessie W P. O. Box 312, Huntsville, Tex. 

Harris, Dr. Rowland H Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Hartman, E. Grace 340 Pine St., Providence, R. I, 

Hartzell, A. M. C 73 Medway Street, Providence, R. I. 



36 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Hassebrock, Mamie M 601 South G St., Tacoma, Wash. 

Hasslock, Clara W Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Ga. 

Hatch, Beulah C Corner Lincoln and Highland Ave., Wollaston, Mass. 

Hatch, Helen Edith . . Manual Training and Industrial School, New London, Conn. 

Hatch, Mrs. Walter M Lincoln and Highland Ave., Wollaston, Mass. 

Havens, Coral R 188 Putnam Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Hayes, Maud E Connecticut Agricultural College, Storrs, Conn. 

Hayward, Maud L 49 Dana St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Hayward, Ruby 740 Adams Ave., Evansville, Ind. 

Hedges, Anna C 185 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hedges, Anna The Pierpont, Northampton, Mass. 

Heinemann, Mrs. P. G 57S6 Monroe Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Heising, Maria D R. F. D. 13, Kirkwood, Mo. 

Heller, F. Ruth, School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, Winneconne, Wis. 

Hempstead, Mrs. Joseph L 59 Magazine St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Henderson, Nan 423 Bu^ St., Savannah, Ga. 

Herron, Mrs. Schuyler F Winchester, Mass. 

Hess. Emma C 258A Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Heyle, Essie 720 Troost, Rosalind Court, Kansas City, Mo. 

Hill, Bertha C 25 Westervelt Ave., Plainfield, N. J. 

Hill, Mrs. Janet M 372 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 

Hill, Mrs. Justina R Plymouth Inn, Northampton, Mass. 

Hill, Ruth C 44 Martin St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Hill, Sarah C The Bayard, New Brunswick, N. J. 

Hiller, Elizabeth O Park Ridge, 111. 

Hinchman, Elizabeth McLean Hospital, Waverly, Mass. 

Hiss, Mrs. Chas. A 1427 Linden Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Hitchcock, Carrie D North Central High School, Spokane, Wash. 

Hitchcock, Frederick S New London, Conn. 

Hitchcock, Gertrude M Salem Hospital, Salem, Mass. 

Hitchings, Mrs. Henry, . .Hadyn Hall, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, O. 

Holbrook, Florence Plymouth, Mass. 

Holbrook, Florence T 5826 Harold Way, Hollywood, Cal. 

Holland, Leila 618 E. Washington St., Pontiac, 111. 

HoUister, Helen Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y. 

Holmes, Mary Montecito, Calif. 

Holmes, Dr. May S Isolation Hospital, Worcester, Mass. 

Hood, Grace G 2959 Washington Blvd., Chicago, 111. 

Hoover, Jessie M University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 

Hopkins, Marian E 135 E. S2d St., New York City 

Home, Elsie R C. C. I., Hackettstown, N. J. 

Horner, Josephine W Y. W. C. A., 202 E. 3d St., WiUiamsport, Pa. 

Hotchkin, Mrs. .'Mice M 24 Calumet St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Hotchkiss, Mrs. Irma H 714 Milburn St., Evanston, III. 

Houghendobler, Margaret 31 N. 9th St., Columbia, Pa. 

Houghton, Elizabeth G 191 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. 

House, Mary E Gue>dan, La. 



1 9 13] List of Members 37 

NAME ADDRESS 

Howard, Elizabeth J 32 Sharon Ave., Irvington, Newark, N. J. 

Howard, John R., Jr East Northfield, Mass. 

Howard, Maria W Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Howe, Frederic W Framingham, Mass. 

Howe, Mary Box 1180, University, N. D. 

Huckel, Eugenia 231 Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hugo, Mrs. G. E 12 Zamora St., Jamaica Plains, Mass. 

Huhn, Mary E Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton, Pa. 

Hull, Margaret C 627-3d Ave., Salt Lake City, Utah 

Hunneman, Frances H 11 Mt. Pleasant Ave., Roxbury, Mass. 

Hunsicker, Agnes 839 Hamilton Terrace, Baltimore, Md. 

Hunt, Agnes State Agricultural College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Hunt, CaroHne L 1432 R St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Huntington, Ellen Alden State Normal College, Albany, N. Y. 

Hunton, Lelia E 21 Gilmore St., Everett, Mass. 

Hutchinson, Alice Janet 1362 E. 54th St., Chicago, 111. 

Hyams, Isabel F 26 Wales St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Hyde, Mrs. Blanche E 219 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, Mass. 

Hyland, Irene Bellevue Hospital, New York City 

Ikelheimer, Minnie 117 E. s6th St., New York City 

Indson, Mrs. Chas. N 150 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

IngersoU, Katherine I Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111. 

Irvin, Mrs. Helen Brooks Howard University, Washington, D. C. 

Israel, Henry 124 E. 28th St., New York, N. Y. 

Jacobs, Emma S 3509-1 ith St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Jacobson, Harriet C Box 358, White Plains, N. Y. 

James, Laura G Lake Erie College, Painesville, O. 

Jamison, Mrs. Jennie A 125 E. Forest Ave., Neenah, Wis. 

Jarrard, E. D i6-iith Ave., North Yakima, Wash. 

Jeffrey, Jean 22 Herbert Ave., Kew Beach, Toronto, Can. 

Jenkins, Mrs. L. A 68 Cold Spring St., New Haven, Conn. 

Jennings, Leah 1032 Geneva St., Lake Geneva, Wis. 

Jessup, Harriet F Piermont, N. Y. 

Johnson, Alice A 115 S. 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Johnson, Althea 11 La Salle Place, New Orleans, La. 

Johnson, Florence K 105 E. 17th St., New York City. 

Johnson, Helen Louise 234 Paddock St., Watertown, N. Y. 

Johnson, Mrs. Samuel Randolph Ave., Milton, Mass. 

Jones, Adele M 826 W. South St., Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Jones, Anne 1701 Pittston Ave., Scranton, Pa. 

Jones, Ethel Scranton, Pa. 

Jones, Grace E Carbondale, 111. 

Jones, Mary C 15 Ellery St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Jones, Priscilla D 76 High St., Newburyport, Mass. 

Jordan, Mrs. David Starr Stanford University, Cal. 



38 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Jordan, Mrs. S. T Gibbs, Idaho. 

Juniper, Anna B 704 Esquimalt Road, Victoria, B. C. 

Kays, Lucile E 510 N. 6th St., Phoenix, Ariz. 

Kean, Mrs. Letitia R 125 S. Crittenden St., San Jos6, Cal. 

Keating, Harriet M 546 N. American St., Stockton, Cal. 

Keeler, Anna J 161 Houston Ave., Muskegon, Mich. 

Keeley, R. R Box 485, Walpole, Mass. 

Keen, Charlotte 847 Trumbull Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Kehew, Mrs. Mary M 29a Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. 

Kellen, Mrs. W. V Cohasset, Mass. 

Kellogg, Mrs. J. H 202 Manchester St., Battle Creek, Mich. 

Kelton, Lucy S , Ingleside School, New Milford, Conn. 

Kemp, Lillian Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Kemper, Augusta H P. O. Box 68, University Station, Seattle, Wash. 

Kenna, Charlotte 353 W. S7th St., New York City. 

Kennick, Jeannie B Elliot Road, Newton, Mass. 

Kenny, C. Belle 94 West St., Reading, Mass. 

Kentucky, State University of Lexington, Ky. 

King, Delia Imperial, Calif. 

King, Lucy C 50 Vernon St., Taunton, Mass. 

King, Mrs. S. Noble Bloomington, 111. 

Kingsbury, Louise 53 Colonial Ave., Trenton, N. J. 

Kinne, Helen Teachers College, New York City 

Kirk, Mrs. Alice G Cleveland, O. 

Kissell, M. S 417 W. 120th St., New York City 

Klene, Mrs. Katherine Elgin, Ariz. 

Kloer, Edna 334 S. i6th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Knight, Mrs. H. L 1420 Buchanan St., Washington, D. C. 

Knight, H. L 1420 Buchanan St., Washington, D. C. 

Knowles, Neale S Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Knowlton, Alice B Lenox, Mass. 

Kober, George M 1819 Q St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Kohler, Mrs. A. R University Farm, St. Anthony Park, St. Paul, Minn. 

Kraeger, Bertha E 701 S. Capitol St., Fekin, 111. 

Krape, Katharine Lena, 111. 

Kugel, Daisy A 1008 8th St., Stout Institute, Menominee, Wis. 

Kuichling, Mrs. Emil 68 Irving Place, New York City 

Kysor, Mabel 127 N. 3d St., Newark, N. J. 

La Follette, Mrs. Robert M 1864 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C. 

La Ganke, F. M 13091 Forest Hill Ave., Cleveland, O. 

Laird, Annie L Bloor St. and North Drive, Toronto, Can. 

Lake, Carrie Lewiston Normal School, Lewiston, Idaho 

Lake, Marguerite B Forest Hill, Md. 

Lambert, Amelia Greensburg, Pa. 

Lampkin, Ruth 240 St. Patrick St., Toronto, Can, 



1913] Lisi of Members 39 

NAME ADDRESS 

Lange, Elizabeth C State Normal School, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Langworthy, C. F Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Lanman, Faith R 1447 Fair Ave., Columbus, O. 

Lathrop, Mrs. George O 71 Belmont St., Fall River, Mass. 

Lawrence, Minerva Bellingham Normal School, Bellingham, Wash. 

Le Baron, Margharetta 1147 Montana St., El Paso, Tex. 

Le Bosquet, Maurice 506 W. 69th St., Chicago, 111. 

Lee, F. M College of Hawaii, Honolulu, T. H. 

Leeds, J. B Moorestown, N. J. 

Leek, Mrs. Wm. P 431 Park Ave., Beloit, Wis. 

Leete, Bertina A 802 Hawthorne Ave., Center Park, Richmond, Va. 

Le Favour, Henry Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Leigh, Amy J. . .South Branch State Normal University of Utah, Cedar City, Utah 

Leland, C. T Fiscal Supervisor's Office, Albany, N. Y. 

Lemerick, Margaret C 2007 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Library, State Normal School of Manual Arts and Home Economics, 

Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Liggett, Ella M 73 Stimson Place, Detroit, Mich. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Mary J 204 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Lindsley. Annie E K. S. A. C, Manhattan, Kan. 

Lindsey, Mary Woman's Hospital, W. iioth St., New York City 

Lister, Helen T 3827 Ave. P, Galveston, Texas. 

Little, Mabel C Teachers College, New York City. 

Lloyd, Mary B 4714 Penn St., Frankford, Pa. 

Locke, Mrs. A. P R. F. D. No. 6, Box 28, Lincoln, Neb. 

Logan, Amy L Teachers College, New York City . 

Logan, Anna 3706 Telegraph Ave., Oakland, Cal. 

Long, Alma I State Normal College, Greensboro, N. C. 

Long, Jessie A Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Longeley, Gertrude 215 Francis St., Youngstown, O. 

Loomis, Alice M State Farm, Lincoln, Neb. 

Loomis, Josephine M 190 Franklin St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Loomis, Mrs. Miriam N The Ludlow, Copley Square, Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Mrs. Frederick T 305 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Isabel Ely 176 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Lovejoy, Sara C State College, Pa. 

Lyford, Carrie A 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City. 

Lyon, Carrie H 200 Dithridge St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

McCastline, Dr. Wm. H Teachers College, New York City 

McCollin, Katharine Llanerch, Pa . 

McCormick, Mary G 525 W. 120th St., New York City 

McCuUoch, Roberta 4469 Westminster Place, St. Louis, Mo. 

McCullough, E. Grace The Plaza, Baltimore. Md. 

McDaniel, Annie M 1666 Park Road, Washington, D. C. 

McDowell, Mabel G 82 Court St., Plattsburg, N. Y. 

McKay, Catharine J Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 



40 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

McKeown, Matilda J 762 West End Ave., New York City 

McKeown, Mrs. P. J 365 St. John's Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

McKinley, Mae Manual Arts High School, Los Angeles, Cal. 

McLear, Alice B 15 Hillcrest Court, Berkeley, Cal. 

McNamara, Mrs. Mary Edmonds, Wash. 

McRae, Alma Chilocco, Okla. 

MacDermaid, Mary 40 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass . 

MacDonald, Pearl Box 513, Wauwatosa, Wis. 

Mackenzie, Agnes H Central High School, Detroit, Mich . 

MacNaughton, Jessie M MacDonald College, Quebec, Can. 

MacRae, Mrs. E. B P. O. Box 187, Mill Valley, Cal. 

Madeira, Lucy i33o-i9th St., Washington, D. C. 

Magee, Letitia L 505 North Soto St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Manchester, Melinda I Teachers College, New York City. 

Marlatt, Abby L Lathrop Hall, University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wis. 

Marshall, Grace 2317 Grandview Ave., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. 

Marshall, Josephine 411 Main St., Burlington, Vt . 

Martin, Mrs. Clarence L 74q S. 2d St., Louisville, Ky. 

Martin, Ella Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Mass. 

Martin, Helen Agnes 45 Waban St., Newton, Mass. 

Mason, Edith L Lancaster, Mass. 

Massee, Edith 144 N. 3d St., Hamilton, O. 

Mast, Wm. H Gunnison, Colo. 

Matthews, Elizabeth 157 Craig St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Mead, Mrs. Albert D 283 Wayland Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Mead, Helen E Hampton, Va. 

Mendel, Lafayette B 18 Trumbull St., New Haven, Conn. 

Merillat, Margaret 2562 University Place, Washington, D. C. 

Merrow, Abbie S Berea College, Berea Ky. 

Metcalf, Martha 2044 N. Senate Ave., Indianapohs, Ind, 

Michel, Jennie 159 W. 5th St., Dubuque, Iowa 

Michael, Mrs. Myron J 44 Maiden Lane, Kingston, N. Y. 

Milan, Ava B Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Miller, Bertha M 98 N. Walnut St., Franklin, Ind. 

Miller, Clara G 421 W. 114th St., New York City 

Miller, John Sunday Department, New York American, New York City 

Minahan, Mrs. Mary 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City 

Minns, Susan 14 Louisburg Square, Boston, Mass. 

Minot, James J 188 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

Mitchell, Margaret J 430 W. i i8th St., New York City 

Montgomery, Mrs. F. W 104 E. Gilman St., Madison, Wis. 

Mooney, Marian J 604 E. Genessee St., Syracuse, N. Y. 

Moore, Jessie S Berea College, Berea, Ky. 

Moore, Mary A 

Moore, Mrs. Katherine 12 Carver St., Boston. Mass. 

Moran, Cornelia P 623 W. 4th St., Waterloo, Iowa 

Morison, Mary Peterborough, N. H. 



1 9 13] ^^^i of Members 41 

NAME ADDRESS 

Morrell, Emma J St. John's Collegiate Inst., Corbin, Ky. 

Morris, Mrs. Delia J 608 Grand Ave., Ames, Iowa 

Mowbray, Myrtle Ruston, La. 

Mull, Mrs. Beth Warner 710 Exchange St., Emporia, Kan. 

Mulligan, Catherine A University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 

Murphy, Mrs. C. V care of Dr. Crane's Sanatorium, Rutland, Mass. 

Murray, Chariotte Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. 

Nash, Nellie N Ellensburg, Wash. 

Neave, Ella G 16, The Roanoke, Clifton, Cincinnati, O. 

Necke, Florinda 418 S. 12th St., Quincy, 111. 

Neff, Isabel H 104 E. Auburn Ave., Cincinnati, O. 

Neil, Marion H 3603 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Nellis, Carlotta S The Sanitarium, Otisville, Orange County, N. Y. 

Nesbit, Orpha Pawnee City, Neb. 

Nesbitt, Eleanor H 906 Trinity St., Austin, Tex. 

Neville, Allene 478 Park Ave., London, Ontario, Can. 

Nevin, Ethan A State Custodial Asylum, Newark, N. Y. 

Nicholass, Louisa A State Normal School, Framingham, Mass. . 

Noble, H. G 432 Hoboken Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 

Noble, Nellie Lowe, 117 E. Church St., Oxford, O. 

Norris, H. T 1224 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Northrup, LA 107I Princess St., St. John's, N. B., Can. 

Norton, Mrs. Alice P University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Nutting, Adelaide Teachers College, New York City 

O'Brien, Mrs. Robert L 30 Upland Road, Brookline, Mass. 

Odell, Mrs. Harriet 137 N. Locust St., Denton, Tex. 

Osborne, Lucy A 145 Woodland St., Worcester, Mass. 

Osgood, Millie E 7 Oak St., Greenfield, Mass. 

Oskamp, Marion D. B Mt. Vernon, Ky. 

Ott, Mrs. Chas. H 444 Pennsylvania Ave., Waverly, N. Y. 

Owen, Lula M 161 Houston Ave., Muskegon, Mich. 

Owen, Mae Polytechnic High School, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Pace, Homer S 60 Lincoln Ave., Ridgewood, N. J. 

Palmer, Clara B 124 W. Yucca St., Hollywood, Cal. 

Palmer, Jane South Central High School, Spokane, Wash. 

Palmer, Stella Montevallo, Ala. 

Palmer, T. W Montevallo, Ala. 

Pancake, Clara 119 Maxwell Ave., Boulder, Colo. 

Parker, Bessie L S09-i8th St., Bessemer, Ala. 

Parker, Mary E Wm. Penn High School for Giris, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Parks, Isabel H St. Mary's School, Concord, N. H. 

Parrish, Nellie E., Hackley Manual Training School, 34 Peck St., Muskegon, Mich. 

Parsons, Maude E ioio§ California Ave., Urbana, III. 

Pattee, Mrs. Richard Plymouth, N. H. 



42 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Patten, Mrs. H. E 1213 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 

Patten, Simon N University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Patterson, EflBe Mt. Allison Ladies' College, Sackville, N. B., Can. 

Patterson, Mrs. Flora S Stevens Point, Wis. 

Patterson, Mrs. H. J College Park, Md. 

Patterson, Juliet C 144 Bowdoin St., Boston, Mass. 

Patterson, Martha Alabama Girls' Technical School, Montvallo, Ala. 

Patterson, Olive G Medical College, Toronto University, Toronto, Can. 

Payne, MacGregor 24 S. Union St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Peace, S. Lillian 20 McMaster Ave., Toronto, Can. 

Peacock, Mary H Richmond, Indiana 

Peal, Amelia 556 Mt. Prospect Ave., Newark, N. J. 

Peirson, Louise 314 E. Locust St., Bloomington, III. 

Pelleus, Myra C Box 214, Ellisville, Miss. 

Penniman, Annie B Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Pennoyer, N. A Kenosha, Wis. 

Peters, Gertrude E State Normal School, Albany, N. Y. 

Pett, Mrs. Clara G General Hospital, Winona, Minn. 

Pettit, Muriel M. I Nelson. B. C, Can. 

Phelps, Helen Gantt 521 Columbia St., Burlington, Iowa 

PhiUips, Julia Training School for Teachers, Cheyney, Pa. 

Piatt, Ida P. O. Box 194, Santa Monica, Cal. 

Pierce, Lucy H 194 DaboU St., Providence, R. I. 

Pierson, Clementine M 2940 Gilbert Ave., Cincinnnati, O. 

Pincomb, Helena M 905 S. Busey St., Urbana, 111. 

Pine, Ella C University Farm, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn. 

Pirie, Emma 215 Ogden St., San Antonio, Tex. 

Pitner, Ina K 817 W. 28th St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

PHmpton, Lois E Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C. 

Plumb, Helen G Youngstown, O. 

Poorman, Amy East Auburn, Cal. 

Pope, Ethel Florence, Colo. 

Pope, Lena M 460 Fourth St., Manistee, Mich. 

Porter, Grace E 552 E. 4th St., S. Boston, Mass. 

Porter, Mattie 412 N. 8th St., St. Joseph, Mo. 

Powell, Louise M University Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Pratt, Caroline D Hampton, Virginia 

Pratt, E. E 9 Livingston Place, New York City 

Pray, Florence A 423 W. Lovell St., Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Preble, Grace R . . loi Waverly Place, N. Y. City 

Prentiss, Bertha C Care of Superintendent of Schools, Berkeley, Cal. 

Prescott, Mrs. C. H., Jr 5607 Cedar Ave., Cleveland, O. 

Pribnow, Henrietta A Hot Springs, S. D. 

Pringle, Anna 1 221 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ont. 

Proctor, Margaret A Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Proudfit, Fairfax T 1277 Carr Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 

Providence Public Library Providence, R. I. 



1913] ^^^^ (>f Members 43 

NAME ADDRESS 

Pulsifer, Julia 1315 E. 51st St., Chicago, 111. 

Purdy, Lelia 512 W. Myers Ave., Goldfield, Nev. 

Putnam, Mrs. A. S Manistique, Mich. 

Putnam, George A Parliament Bldgs., Toronto, Can. 

Quick, May 32 S. Main St., Adrian, Mich. 

Raitt, Effie 1 206 E. soth St., Seattle, Wash. 

Randall Edna M 498 Frankhn St., Athens, Ga. 

Randall, Elizabeth C 1903 West End Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 

Randall, L. Marguerite Brawley, Imperial Valley, Cal. 

Raven, Pauline E 123 E. North St., Warrensburg. Mo. 

Ravenhill, Alice, Chrachveattle, Chawingan Lake, P. O.Vancouver Island, B. C.,Can. 

Raymond, Mrs. H. E Hotel Vendome, Boston, Mass. 

Raymond, Mrs. Isaac S Sidney, 111. 

Raymond, Ola B 218 E. 7th St., Newton, Kan. 

Rea, Alma 801 W. Alabama Ave., Houston, Te?. 

Reed, Mabel 209 Dryden Road, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Rees, Mrs. Mabel L 39 Winthrop St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Reeves, Inez C City Hospital, Blackwell's Island, New York City 

RendaU, Jean Frances 162 Bowers St., Jersey City, N. J. 

Renn, Eliza Luella 490 N. Raymond St., Pasadena, Cal. 

Rice, Maude B University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Rice, Susie D Barre, Mass. 

Rich, Edna A Hotel Arlington, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Richards, R. H 32 Eliot St., Jamaica Plains, Mass. 

Richardson, Anna E Summerville, S. C. 

Richardson, Mina Annesley Hall, Queen's Park, Toronto, Can. 

Richeson, Virginia C P. O. Box 866, East Lansing, Mich. 

Riddle, Florence M 530 Smith St., Fort Collins, Colo. 

Rider, Mrs. Grace G Grand vie w-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Rigg, Eva Fisk Hall, isth and Denver Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 

Rinaker, Harriet B 908 Nevada St., Urbana, 111. 

Robbins, Mrs. Lulie 530 S. 6th St., Springfield, 111. 

Robbins, Mary 306 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Roberston, James W Box 540, Ottawa, Ont, 

Robie, Mary K. . Brooklyn Hospital, DeKalb and Raymond Sts., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Robinson, Eva R University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Rodgers, Mrs. R. W R. R. No. 11, Cincinnati, O. 

Rogers, Anna M N. Central High School, Spokane, Wash. 

Rogers, W. C 453 Western Ave., Albany, N. Y. 

Rollins, Elizabeth S. P 15 Tappan St., Roslindale, Mass. 

Root, Kathryn H 39 Broad St., Stamford, Conn. 

Rose, Flora 811 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Rose, Lorena Kalamazoo State Hospital, Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Rose, Mrs. Mary D. S 449 W. 123d St., New York City 

Ross, Lena State Normal College, Miami Univ., Oxford, O. 



44 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Ross, Margaret G 8ii Emery St., Longmont, Colo. 

Ross, Sarah G ii8 Gushing St., Providence, R. I. 

Ross, Sarah H Supervisor of Domestic Science, Spokane, Wash. 

Rothwell, Mrs. Henrietta G Sunnyslope, North Hill, Needham, Mass. 

Rugg, Ella Marshall 1813 Newton St., Washington, D. C. 

Ruggles, Anne Reed St. Mary's School, Knoxville, 111. 

Rulon, Phoebe D 7 Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Russell, Martha M.. .Sloane Maternity Hospital, 447 W. sgth St., New York City 

Ruste, Meta Charles City, Iowa 

Rutherford, Anna Box C, Traverse City, Mich. 

Rutherford, Marion K Owen Sound, Ontario, Can. 

Rutherford, NelUe B 922 French St., Washington, D. C. 

Ryley, Violet M University of Toronto, Toronto, Can. 

Sabin, Ellen C Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Sachs, Julius Teachers College, New York City 

Safford, Bertha Y. W. C. A., Cleveland, O. 

Sage, Elizabeth 2465 Broadway, New York City 

Sale, S. Frances Harrisonburg Normal School, Harrisonburg, Va. 

Sanborn, Gertrude 150 Bay St., Toronto, Can. 

Sanders, Gertrude E Cor. loth and E. Marion Sts., Seattle, Wash. 

Sargent, NeUie M Eastern Maine Hospital, Bangor, Maine 

Sasnett M. R 117 Bolton St., East, Savannah, Ga. 

Saxton, Elizabeth W 1347 Harvard St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Scatchard, Ethel 6 Myrtle Ave., Oneonta, N. Y. 

Schermerhorn, Grace University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 

Schiffer, Josephine 714 W. 15th St., Des Moines, Iowa 

Schureman, Olive 1114 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Schussler, Amy S58 W. i82d St., New York City 

Schuyler, Helen Van A Normal School, North Adams, Mass. 

Secrest, May San Luis Obispo, Cal. 

See, Helene M 6503 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Seller, Alice F American University Park, Washington, D. C. 

Shailer, Mrs. Wm. G 252 W. 76th St., New York City 

Shaw, Caroline N Denison House, 93 Tyler St., Boston, Mass. 

Sheffield, Mrs. Wm. Paine 6 Cottage St., Newport, R. I. 

Shepard, Anna U 501 W. 123d St., New York City 

Shepperd, J. L Bethesda P. O., Mont. Co., R. F. D. Drummond, Md. 

Sherer, Bessie D Scranton, Pa. 

Sherman, Henry C Columbia University, New York City 

Sherman, Mrs. H. C Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Shilling, Ida M 432 N. Pacific St., Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Shoe, V. Ethrelda 232 N. 5th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Siebert, Gertrude 131 W. Wayne St., Butler, Pa. 

Siemon, Lida 2200 Parkway, Bakersfield, Cal. 

Sill, Ruth P 70 Adams, St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Simon, Cornelia F Box 6, Miller School, Va. 



1913] List of Members 45 

NAME ADDRESS 

Simpson, Frances Plym outh, N. H. 

Simpson, Marion P Eden P. O., Bucks County, Pa. 

Sister Loretta Basil Convent of St. Elizabeth, Convent Station, N. J. 

Skinner, Alice 811 E. 5th St., Fairbury, Neb. 

Slaght, Mrs. Elizabeth 221 Mt. Vernon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Small, Mary E. L 294 Hudson St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Smedley, Emma 6 E. Front St., Media, Pa. 

Smellie, M Macdonald Hall, O. A. C, Guelph, Ont. 

Smith, Anna E State Normal School, St. Cloud, Minn. 

Smith, A. L 75 Pine St., Florence, Mass. 

Smith, Bertha S 107 N. 47th St., Seattle, Wash. 

Smith, Gertrude Morris 223 Lyon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Smith, Laura A 823 Sterhng Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Smith, LiUie C i Winchester St., Suite 4, Brookline, Mass. 

Smith, Mrs. Marshall E 4103 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Smith, Sybil L Miss Capen's School, Northampton, Mass. 

Snow, Jennie H School of Education, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Snow, Mary S Board of Education, Tribune Building, Chicago, 111. 

Southard, Lydia 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City 

Southwick, M. Aura 319 S. Michigan St., Plymouth, Ind. 

Speer, Editha Lou Berea, Ky. 

Spooner, Ella J Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Sprague. Villa Care of McKendree College, Lebanon, 111. 

Spray, Mabel R Arlington Heights, 111. 

Spring, Helen M Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Stahl, Florence 239 Orchard St., Mt. Oliver Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Stanley, Louise 1215 Hudson Ave., Columbia, Mo. 

Stannard, Mrs. J. H 19 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. 

Stavers, Mildred E 429 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Stephens, Rhoda M 515 Nebraska St., Sioux City, Iowa 

Stern, Frances 14 Fessenden St., Jamaica Plains, Mass. 

Stevens, Grace E Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Stevens, Mrs. O. H 32 Pleasant St., Marlboro, Mass. 

Stevens, Rose C 343 Hamilton St., Albany, N. Y. 

Stevenson, Bertha 69 Bedford St., Boston, Mass. 

Stewart, Frances E 414 N. Normal Parkway, Chicago, 111. 

Stewart, Gwendolyn Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Stewart, Isabel L New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. 

Stickney, Delia M 503 Huron Ave., Cambridge, Mass. 

Stiles, Margaret Spokane Bridge, Wash. 

Stocking, Mary B 86 Charles St., Boston, Mass. 

Stocking, Mary E 368 Atlantic Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Stone, Abbie 2029 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Stoner, Minna A Agricultural College, N. D. 

Stoody, Bess L Akron, N. Y. 

Strong, Eunice E 32 Ashland St., New Bedford, Mass. 

Strong, Mrs. A. G 271 7 J Harris Ave., Norwood, Cincinnati, O. 



46 Bulleiin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

Strong, Sarah P 129 Barclay St., Flushing, Long Island, N. Y. 

Stryker, Adelaide B 45© W. 149th St., New York City 

Studley, Flora C State Normal School, Stevens Point, Wis. 

Sullivan, Grace New York State Training School for Girls, Hudson, N. Y. 

Sutherland, Isabel 21 Rose Ave., Toronto, Can. 

Swenson, Sadie College o£ Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Swift, Mrs. L. B 710 E. 14th St., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Sykes, Carol Scranton, Pa. 

Taber, Mae A 439 W. 6th St., Plainfield, N. J. 

Tainter, Grace 556 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Talbot, Marion Green Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago 111. 

Talbot, Winthrop Drawer N., Cleveland, O. 

Taylor, Ellen 414 Hamilton Ave., Norfolk, Va. 

Taylor, John Lewis Dane Hall, Cambridge, Mass. 

Telford, Mrs. Emma P Edgewood Lane, Palisade, N. J. 

Tennant, Ethel J University Residence, Saskatoon, Sask., Can. 

Terrill, Bertha M Grassmount, Burlington, Vt. 

Thomas, Lucy A 1109 Oak St., Oakland, Cal. 

Thompson, Annie Box 106, Bloomingdale Academy, Bloomingdale, Ind. 

Thompson, Christiana M 345 E. 12th St., New York City 

Thompson, E. B 18 Florence Ave., Morris Cove, Conn. 

Thompson, Helen B Kingston, R. I. 

Tiffany, E. Ruth 3409 Brown St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Tingle, Lilian E 187 E. 15th St., Portland, Oregon. 

Torrey, Brittania Everett, Wash. 

Torry, Mary 711 Daisy Ave., Long Beach, Calif. 

Tough, Mary State College, Brookings, S. D. 

Townsend, Mary L Cedar Falls, Iowa 

Tracy, Harriet Box 799, Eureka, Calif. 

Treat, Nola Decatur Public Schools, Decatur, 111. 

Treganza, Alice 1107 N. Prairie St., Bloomington, 111. 

Trenholm, M. De G., East Side House Settlement, 540 E. 76th St., New York City 

Trimble, M. Lillian 2338 Ransome Ave., Oakland, Cal. 

Trowbridge, Eleanor E Peace Dale, R. I. 

Trowbridge, Mrs. N. F Windsor, Vt. 

Truman, Edna Redwood City, Cal. 

Tudor, Mrs. C. W Oxford, O. 

Turner, Annabell 112 S. Mills St., Madison, Wis. 

Turner, Louise G 1400 Laurel Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. 

Turner, Mrs. Wm. L 550 Mitchell Ave., Avondale, Cincinnati, O. 

Turrell, Lucretia G Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pa. 

Tuttle, Mary Louisa Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Tutton. Mabel Annette 140 York St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Tweedy, Mrs. R. L 11 706 Kelton Ave., N. E., Cleveland, O. 

Twiss, Fannie A Collegiate Institute, Gait, Can. 



1913] List of Members 47 

NAME ADDRESS 

Ullrich, Charlotte M Hotel Glencoe, Cincinnati, O. 

Upson, Mrs. Chas R 94 Summer St., Bristol, Conn. 

Usher, Susannah 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City 

Vail, Mary B Mills College P. O., Cal. 

Van Arsdale, May B 457 W. 1 23d St., New York City 

Van Deusen, Myrtie C Kirksville, Mo. 

Van Duyne, Florence 246 Summer Ave., Newark, N. J. 

Van Heyson, J Donora, Pa. 

Van Liew, Marion S 5225 Brooklyn Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Van Meter, Anna R University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Van Rensselaer, Martha 811 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Van Wormer, Florence E Santa Rosa, Cal. 

Van Zile, Mrs. Mary P Manhattan, Kan. 

Walker, Lula V 2023 W. North Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Walker, Ruth 3246-44th St., S. W., Seattle, Wash. 

Walmsley, Alice Freeman Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Ward, Anna L, Box 575, Waterbury, Conn. 

Ward, May 138 E. 4th North St., Provo, Utah 

Wardall, Ruth A Hayes Hall, O. S. U., Columbus, 0. 

Waring, Bemice 2422 Hoyt Ave., Everett, Wash. 

Warren, Florence E R. F. D. 2, Box 109 C, San Diego, Cal. 

Watson, Mary Urie Macdonald Institute, Guelph, Can. 

Way, Charlotte M Rockford College, Rockford, 111. 

Weaver, Herbert High School of Practical Arts, Roxbury, Mass. 

Webster, Mrs. Grace H 5405 Woodlawn Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Wednesday Club (The) Tailor Ave. and Westminster Place, St. Louis, Mo. 

Weer, L. E 310 E. 22d St., Baltimore, Md. 

Weigley, Mildred 419 College Ave., De Kalb, 111. 

Weimer, Corabel 128 N. Locust St., Denton, Tex. 

Welch, Mrs. M. D 1140 S. 34th St., Omaha, Neb. 

Weld, Emma S Red Lake Falls, Minn. 

Wellman, Mabel T 2220 Washington Blvd., Chicago, 111. 

Wells, Effie P Pearson's Hall, Middlebury, Vt. 

Wells, Florence E 1023 Madison St., Saginaw, W. S., Mich. 

Welsh, Charles 2132 N. Washington Ave., Scranton, Pa. 

Welsh, Mrs. Charles ." 2132 N. Washington Ave., Scranton, Pa. 

Wentworth, Alzira C 191 2 Kent St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Wheeler, Ruth 808 Oregon St., Urbana, 111. 

Whitaker, Alice E 1404 Harvard St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Whitaker, Sarah B 25 Henshaw Ave., Northampton, Mass. 

Whitcomb, Frank H Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

White, Mrs. C. B University, N. D. 

White, Edna N Hayes Hall, O. S. U., Columbus, O. 

White, Grace G 319 Tappan St., Brookline, Mass. 

White, Hettie Beaver, Utah 



48 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [January 

NAME ADDRESS 

White, Marian McKinlej' Manual Training School, Washington, D. C. 

White, Mary A 319 Tappan St., Brookline, Mass. 

White, Mrs. Theresa B Silver City, N. M. 

Whitmore, Mrs. W. G Valley, Douglas County, Neb. 

Whitney, Jennie 237 E. 104th St., New York City 

Whittemore, Henry Framingham Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Whittemore, Margaret 9 Park Place, New Rochelle, N. Y. 

Wilcox, Alice W 56 Alumni Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Wile, Ira S 230 W. 97th St., New York City 

Wilkinson, Eleanor 82i-i7th St., Greeley, Colo. 

Willard, Florence 16 Mead Ave., Passaic, N. J. 

Willett, Ethel High School, Jersey City, N. J. 

Wilhams, Mrs. Ada B 7619 Lexington Ave., Cleveland, O. 

Williams, Alice M 19 Lyman St., Lynn, Mass. 

Williams, Edith C LaSalle Seminary, Auburndale, Mass. 

Williams, Grace I Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Willits, Louie K Parkview Apts., Sacramento, Cahf. 

Wilson, Sarah M 5300 Media St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Wilson, Wm. A 417 Commercial Bank, Houston, Tex. 

Winchell, Cora M 176 Ehn St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Winchell, Florence 176 Elm St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Wood, Angeline Alfred, N. Y. 

Wood, Mary J West Broadway, Sedalia, Mo. 

Wood, Thomas D Columbia University, New York City 

Woodward, Winona 900 W. Broadway, Columbia, Mo. 

Woolman, Mrs. Mary Schenck Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Wooldridge, Ethel G 180 Bellevue Ave., Melrose, Mass. 

Worms, Jessie 759 Cass St., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Wright, Ethel A Box 596, New Platz, N. Y. 

Wright, Mary 4308 Frankford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Yenawine, Ora G Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Young, Eva L 302 Summerlin Ave., Orlando, Fla. 



Burton-Smith, Mrs. Frances D 115 E. 15th St., Ansley Park, Atlanta, Ga. 

Buss, Dorothy McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo. 

Churton, Florence H N. Y. State School of Agriculture, Morrisville, N. Y. 

Goddard, Morrill care Sunday Dept., New York American, New York City. 

McDanell, Louise State College of Washington, Pullman, Wash. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quaf'terlv by the Amc-ican Home Economics Association 

Roland Park Branch, Baltimo-e, Md. 

Entered as Secoad-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 



Series i MAY, 1913 No. 3 

THE CORNELL MEETING, JUNE 27-JULY 4. 1913. 

Why Everyone Should Come. 

For the first time the whole Association is to have a summer meet- 
ing. Those who have attended the Lake Placid Conferences and 
the meetings there of the Administration Section do not need to be 
told the value of the beautiful, restful country setting. Important 
as are the papers presented at our meetings, the most important 
part of any such gathering is the personal conference and the new 
acquaintances made or old ones renewed. Cooperation almost re- 
quires personal acquaintance for its success. The Cornell meeting 
has been planned to further this as much as possible. The Admin- 
istration Section will meet with the rest of the Association and this 
will add much to the interest of both meetings and personnel. Corne:^^!'^^,.^^ 
University offers us its hospitality, and the beauties of Ithaca and^.,^ ^A^ 
the surrounding country should tempt even those whose professional' 
interest is not stirred. The new Home Economics Building of Cor-« 



■9 ' -^l 

neU will be our meeting place, and all home economics workers a^^i^^i / / 
interested to see it. /,. ./"'^^ ■'' 

The program has been carefully planned so that there will be no 
sense of hurry. Of the three possibilities for sessions — morning, 
afternoon, and evening — only two in any one day are given to meet- 
ings, and there are never two meetings going on simultaneously. The 
School for Rural Leadership is meeting at Cornell at the same time 
and offers many interesting programs. The expenses of the whole 
week will be less than those of three days at the usual meeting, and 
the week's result should be quite as valuable as vacation as it is for 
edification. The hospitality of Cornell is unlimited. Let everyone 

49 



50 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [May 

come. To those who ask if they may bring friends the answer is 
that all are welcome, but that membership in the Association ($i.oo, 
which may be paid at the meeting) is necessary in order to get the 
advantages of the rates. 

The Program. 

Unfortunately it is not possible to publish the program in full, 
owing to the many disappointments suffered by the Program Com- 
mittee. The speakers named have all promised both papers (or 
addresses) and their personal presence. 

All meetings will be held in the Assembly Room of the new Home 
Economics Building. Arrangements will be made for meetings (at any 
time not occupied by the regular program) of special groups as they 
desire. 

Friday, June 27. 

10.00 a.m. Council Meeting. 
2.00 p.m. First Association Meeting: 
Report of Secretary. 
Report of Treasurer. 
Reports of Committees. 
Home Economics Work at Cornell University, Miss Martha Van 

Rensselaer. 
Inspection of Cornell Home Economics Building, with guides. 
8.30 p.m. Economics in the Home from a Man's Point of View, Dr. Thomas 
Nixon Carver, Director of Rural Economics, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture. 

Saturday, June 28. 

10.30 a.m. The Social Service Side of Home Economics: 

The Need of the Immigrant, Miss Mabel Hyde Kittredge, Associa- 
tion of Housekeeping Centers, New York City. 
The Needs of the Working Child, J. J. Eschenbrenner, Membership 
Secretary, National Child Labor Committee. 
Afternoon A lake trip is planned for those who care to take it. 
8.30 p.m. Informal social meeting of the Council, to which all members of the 
Association are invited. 

Sunday, June 2g. 

7.30 p.m. Organ Recital, Sage Chapel. 

8.30 p.m. Vocations and Culture, President George E. Vincent, University of 
Minnesota. (In Sage Chapel.) 



1913] The Cornell Meeting 51 

Monday, June 30. 

a 00 p.m. The Girl in Industry, Mr. C. E. Prosser, Executive Secretary, National 
Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education. 
Preparing the Girl for Industrial Vocations, Miss Mary E. Parker, 
William Penn High School, Philadelphia. 
8.30 p.m. Home Economics and Rural Extension, Professor Otis W. Caldwell, 
University of Chicago. 
Conference on Rural Extension. 

Tuesday, July i. 

10.30 a.m. Some Results from a Study of the Factors in Bread Making, Miss 
Anna W. Williams, Kansas State Agricultural College. 
Problems in the Preparation and Use of Foods, Miss Cora E. Gray, 

University of Illinois. 
Problems in the Training of Teachers: 
The Basic Work in Science, Professor J. F. Snell, MacDonald 

Co'.lege, Quebec. 
The Basic Work in Art, Miss Mary Quinn, Pratt Institute. 
An Experiment in Teaching Economics, Miss Sarah J. MacLeod, 
Pratt Institute, 
Alumni Luncheons may be arranged this noon. 
8.30 p.m. Acting President, T. F. Crane, Cornell University, presiding. 

President's Address, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Simmons College. 
The Problems of Rural Life, Dean L. H. Bailey New York State 
College of Agriculture, Cornell University. 

Wednesday, July 2. 

10.00 a.m.-i2.30 p.m. Polls open for the election of officers. 

10.30 a.m. Housekeepers' Section: Mrs. Lynden Evans, Chairman Housekeepers' 

Section, presiding. 

"The Best Way Yet," a discussion of housekeeping equipment 

and methods, Dr. B. R. Andrews, Teachers College, Columbia 

University, presiding. 

The Relation of House Planning to Home Economics, Mrs. Helen 

Binkerd Young, Cornell University. 
(The remainder of the program is not yet decided.) 
Special luncheons may he arranged this noon. 

Institution Economics Section 
Wednesday, July 2. 

8.30 p.m. Dr. Ira S. Wile, Member of Board of Education, School Lunch and 

Food Committee, New York City, presiding. 
Standards of Living, Dr. Wile. 
Organization, Man Power, and Rewards, Mrs. Annie Dewey, Lake 

Placid Club. New York. 



52 



Bulletin American Home Economics Association 



[May 



10.00 a.m. 



Afternoon. 
8.30 p.m. 



Thursday, July j. 

School Lunch Rooms: 

Miss Mary E. L. Small, Chairman, Head of Department of Domestic 
Science, Public Schools, Buffalo, New York. 

Report of Committee on Dietaries, Miss Florence Corbett, Teachers 
College, Columbia University. 

Trip to George Junior Republic. 

Miss Adelaide Nutting, Chairman, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- 
versity. 

Supplies, Selecting, Buying, and Storing, Miss Nutting. 

Provisioning, Mr. Allen J. Dean, Hotel Expert, Kansas City, Mo. 

Laundry Management, Report of Committee, Miss S. Maria EUiott, 
Chairman, Simmons College. 

Friday, July 4. 

10.00 a.m. Dr. William Morse Cole, Chairman, Professor Business Administra- 
tion, Harvard University. 
Unit Costs, Dr. Cole. 

Institutional Farm Management, Mr. G. F. Warren, Professor Farm 
Management, New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell 
University. 
Z2.00 m. Flag Raising on the Home Economics Building. 
Declaration of Independence, Liberty H. Bailey. 
Music, "Star Spangled Banner," Mrs. E. M. Chamot. 
Address and Flag Raising, Dr. Andrew D. White. 
Afternoon. Drive to Enfield Falls and picnic supper. 



Railroad Rates. 

A rate of one fare and three-fifths has been granted by the Trunk 
Line Association. This includes New York State except West of 
Buffalo; Pennsylvania except West of Warren, Oil City, Franklin, 
and Pittsburgh; West Virginia, District of Columbia, Northern Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. The same rates have 
been granted for New England. Please read carefully the following 
directions. 

(i) Tickets may be purchased at any time from June 24-29, in- 
clusive. 

(2) Buy regular ticket to Ithaca and ask for certificate. Do not 
accept a receipt. Certificates are not obtainable at all stations, but 
any agent can tell you where they may be purchased. 

(3) On arrival at Ithaca, deposit your ticket and 25 cents at once 
with Miss M. B. Lake. The special agent will come on June 30 to 
validate certificates. 



1913] The Cornell Meeting 53 

(4) The reduction will not be given unless 100 certificates are pre- 
sented. Everyone is therefore urged to get the certificate, even 
where the saving is small, as it helps others. If less than 100 cer- 
tificates are turned in, the 25 cent fees will of course be returned. 

The reduction gives a round trip rate from New York City of 
$10.05. The best way to go from New York is by night train. The 
price of lower berth is $1.50, upper berth $1.25. The Lehigh Valley 
Railroad Company will be glad to run an extra train or special cars 
if desired. They will deUver tickets and Pullman reservations to 
the house if asked. Mr. W. F. Holwill, Jr., Lehigh Valley Railroad 
Company, 30 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, will answer all questions 
regarding this. 

Living Arrangements. 

Sage College will be used to house those in attendance at the meet- 
ings. The charge for a room will be 75 cents a day. (It is hoped that 
some will prefer to be two in a room, two single beds, although there 
will be no difference in price.) The cafeteria of the Home Economics 
Building will be run for the benefit of the Association, the cost of 
meals being, (as each individual chooses,) from 75 cents to $1 per day. 

All who wish to engage rooms are asked to do so as early as possible, 
for the convenience of those in charge of Sage College. For reserva- 
tions address Department of Home Economics, Cornell University, 
Ithaca, New York, telHng when you expect to arrive and whether 
you wish a room alone. 

Special Trips. 

The only trips definitely planned now are the afternoon on the lake 
and the visit to the George Junior Republic, named in the program. 
Other trips will be arranged during the week if those in attendance 
desire it. There are many beautiful walks and drives about Ithaca. 

Everyone is urged to come and to bring one new member. 



COME TO CORNELL! 

[President's Letter.] 

All friends of Home Economics, yes, all friends of the home, are 
cordially invited to the summer meeting at Cornell University, whose 
program is printed in the pages of this Bulletin. Come for the 
sake of the cause. Come for your own sake. Help us to make clearer 
to ourselves, to one another, and to those who need the message, all 
that our experience in the past years has meant. 

The problems of the home can be solved only in the light of recog- 
nized laws. These laws will not be discovered nor understood except 
as the experience of every-day life is interpreted by the aid of science 
and philosophy. The home must turn to the laboratory. It must 
ask help from the physician, the teacher, the economist, the sociolo- 
gist. 

We have yet to define our field clearly, to formulate our experience, 
to set up an adequate course of study, to understand the means by 
which students and workers can be reached. 

To this end every contribution is welcome. All must be weighed 
and judged in the open forum. 

Three great opportunities are presented at the Cornell meeting. 
First, we shall be entertained by the Department of Home Economics 
of the College of Agriculture. This Department has been doing an 
exceedingly valuable work. The College of Agriculture is close to the 
farm and to the rural home. It is constantly recognizing human needs 
and discovering the means by which the University can meet those 
needs. The Department of Home Economics, therefore, does a very 
genuine piece of work. It reaches through its bulletin the rural 
home and is in correspondence with the homekeeper. Its new build- 
ing will greatly increase its efficiency. We shall all be interested in 
seeing it and shall be glad to share the hospitality of the Department. 

The second advantage lies in the program, which gives us the oppor- 
tunity to meet men and women who have made valuable contributions 
to the world's work and who have cordially consented to share their 
experience with us at this meeting. It will be good to have their 
interpretation of our problems as they see them. This ought to prove 
a stimulus to the teacher, the institutional worker, and to the home- 

54 



1913] Come to Cornell! S5 

maker. We all need the impulse to clearer thinking that comes from 
such interpretation. Added enthusiasm and added power ought to 
result from the opportunities provided by the program. 

The third, and by no means the least of the advantages offered by 
the meeting, will be the opportunities for conference. At the table, 
on the excursions, at the picnics in the woods, in the going and coming, 
we shall meet friends and fellow workers. We shall be constantly 
learning intimately what their daily experience has been and how 
they are dealing with the problems which confront us also. 

This is perhaps the essential element of progress in Home Economics. 
Until our science and art are clearly understood and definitely formu- 
lated, intimate discussion of this nature is indispensable. Everyone 
will go away from the meeting with new ideas, with clearer vision, 
with greater enthusiasm. We shall return to the laboratory, to the 
class-room, to the tenement and the home, with new vision, and shall 
set to work upon experiments which will add to the common know- 
ledge and which concern the general welfare. 

Home Economics means nothing unless it is shown forth in the 
home made better, children made stronger, mothers made wiser, 
fathers reenforced by the clearer understanding of their responsi- 
bilities and privileges. 

The Cornell program therefore takes pains to set forth vital ques- 
tions concerning the home, as it is known by various widely differing 
groups. The average home, with its recognized standards, its ordi- 
nary rate of expenditure, its familiar budget, is clearly in the minds 
of most of us. The rural home, under modern conditions, may be 
much reenforced by intelligent study and thought. The Conference 
of Rural Leaders will be going on at Cornell during our meeting, and 
this is an excellent opportunity for learning at first hand what matters 
are under discussion in rural communities, and how the interests of 
the rural home may be properly considered in our conferences. We 
shall therefore give particular attention to questions which intimately 
concern the rural home. 

The social settlement and other similar agencies are daily revealing 
to us the needs of the tenement, while our schools are filled with chil- 
dren coming from homes which vary widely from the typical American 
home, as we intimately know it. It is important that we should 
understand the housing conditions which the city provides and should 
insist upon the maintenance of standards which can be heartily 
approved and reasonably secured. 



56 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [May 

We need to learn how Home Economics can contribute to Social 
Service and what courses of study will best prepare the young woman 
to enter upon this type of instruction. The teacher who has to deal 
with children in the crowded districts of the city certainly must under- 
stand the problems of the over-crowded tenement; she cannot other- 
wise apply her principles in efficient practice. For the sake of the 
teacher, as well as for our own clearer understanding, we are inviting 
social workers to tell us how Home Economics can serve the homes 
which they know best. 

The institution is of interest to us as the indispensable home for 
many, where the responsibilities of the family are assumed by the 
community. Shelter, food, and clothing, are not enough, though these 
must be wisely provided. To make our institutions, in any sense, 
homes for their tenants, is one of the problems of Home Economics. 
We are presenting a strong program for all who are interested in the 
administration of institutions. 

The teacher must not be forgotten. One essential provision for the 
future is an alliance between the principles of teaching and practical 
experience. The teacher of Home Economics cannot rest in her 
theories of the subject. The home is, to her theory, its "excuse for 
being." Unless through her teaching the homes of her students are 
made better, her time is unprofitably spent. The community has a 
right to demand such service from the teacher; on the other hand, the 
laboratory alone will not suffice for her instruction. She must know 
the home as it is, as well as the ideal home which she hopes to create. 

It seems most important, therefore, that our conferences should give 
us clearer vision of the American home as it is, under all possible 
conditions. Our contact with those whose experience differs from ours 
ought to yield a finer sense of proportion and a fairer understanding 
of the whole field. 

Let us all rally at Cornell, take hold of hands, and renew our enthu- 
siasm for our common cause. 

Sarah Louise Arnold. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series i SEPTEMBER, 1913 No. 4 



Date for Seventh Annual Meeting. 

Important — All members. 

Every member of the American Home Economics 
Association is requested to send the Secretary at once 
a card stating which of the following times is preferable ^^ ^^'%^ 
for the Annual meeting of the Association. ^' fi^.f\l 

Christmas S. -> 

Late in Tune v- . ^'^ : 

V > . -c*^ 
Some other time ^^?30^'^' 

Please give any criticisms or suggestions as to place 

or type of meeting. 

ISABEL ELY LORD, Secretary 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

57 



MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF 
THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION. 

June 27, 1913, 10 a.m. 

Present, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Mrs. Mary H. Abel, 
Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Miss Catharine A. Mulligan, Miss Agnes Harris, Miss Bertha 
M. Terrill, Miss LiUa A. Harkins, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Miss Isabel Ely 
Lord, Dr. B. R. Andrews, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, and Miss Kathryn Root. 

The President, Miss Arnold, asked for the reading of the minutes of the last meet- 
ing of the Council, even though these had been printed, in order to review rapidly 
matters of importance. The reading of the minutes of the Executive Committee 
was omitted as these had been sent to each member of the Council. 

The President called on Mrs. Mary H. Abel to present, as the first topic of dis- 
cussion, the need for a new department of the Journal. This subject was presented 
at some length. Mrs. Abel said that the Housewives' Department should give au- 
thoritative information to those wishing it for application to home life, and should 
also give the broader relations of the home to the community. She stated that no 
magazine is at present doing just this work, or is in a position to do it. She pre- 
sented an analysis of the "Hints to Housewives" column of a daily paper to show 
the tjT^e of practical matter in which interest is shown. The difficulties she pre- 
sented were (a) getting pkpers from very busy people, and especially when no compen- 
sation can be offered; (b) securing the necessary additional editorial service; (c) 
getting not only the matter but the manner of presentation necessary for success in 
such a task. Emphasis was constantly laid on the fact that the method of getting 
together this information must be the scientific one. 

Long discussion followed, including a discussion as to the best methods of in- 
creasing the Journal circulation. It was stated by members from different parts of 
the coimtry that there is a great demand from intelligent women for matter of the 
sort proposed. 

The following motion was made and imanimously passed: 

Moved, That the Journal establish a Housekeeper's Department on the plan 
suggested in the discussion as soon as the funds can be secured and a year's material 
prepared. 

The Editorial Board of the Journal was asked to consider the financial side of the 
question, and for this purpose Miss Martha Van Rensselaer and Miss Bertha M. 
TerriU were asked to confer with them. 

The place of the next meeting was discussed. A cordial invitation from the Uni- 
versity of Tennessee was presented by Miss Mulligan, but it would be necessary to 
hold the meeting too early in June to make acceptance of the invitation possible. 

Miss Arnold then presented the difficulty as to elections. The constitution re- 
quires the election of officers "for one year" at the annual meeting. As the 1912 
meeting was held in December and the 1913 meeting is in June, the present officers 
have served but six months. Miss Arnold stated that she wished to present this 
matter to the Association in a regular meeting before the final decision. 

58 



1913] Minutes of the Council 59 

Discussion followed as to the Graduate School, and especially as to the advisi- 
bility of holding it with the Graduate School of Agriculture. The members present 
of the Committee on the Graduate School were asked to add several others to their 
number for a conference, and to report at a later meeting. 

The President then presented the question of the revision of the constitution of 
the Association in order that the organization be such as to insure stability, eiEciency, 
breadth, and growth. She announced the appointment of a Committee on the Revi- 
sion of the Constitution, which is to consult with members of the Council and to re- 
port at a mid-winter Council meeting. Some discussion followed. 

President then annoimced the committees on Resolutions and Auditing. 

Adjourned. 

July i, 1913. 

The Secretary read a resimie of the discussions at the previous meeting. Mrs. 
Abel then presented the report from the Editorial Board of the Journal. 

The Editorial Board has decided to establish a Housekeeper's Department in the 
Journal or Home Economics, begiiming February, 1914, if it prove possible 
to collect material for one year and if $500 can be raised to meet the necessary 
extra expenses. It is planned to publish at least 15 pages in each issue. 

There was further discussion favorable to the project. It was then suggested that 
the $500 be raised at the Association meeting the same evening, and it was agreed 
to try this plan. 

The question of the election of officers was again brought up, and the question 
of summer or winter meetings discussed. Miss Josephine T. Berry objected to the 
summer meeting as making it impossible for those who have summer schools to 
attend. Others objected to the hurried meetings in the holiday season. The 
question was left undecided, as far as policy is concerned, but the President stated 
that a summer meeting in 1914 seemed necessary, as the Association had voted to 
go to the far West in the summer of 1915, and to change to the winter made the 
intervals too irregular. There was further discussion of the Graduate School, with 
a resulting decision that it should be held with the Graduate School of Agriculture, 
which in 1914 is to be at the University of Missouri. 

The President then brought up the question of the relation of sections to the 
Association and this was discussed at some length. 

This in turn brought up the question of the budget of the Association, and Dr. 
Ira S. Wile made the following motion, which was unanimously passed: 

Moved, That a Committee on Ways and Means of Financial Administration be 
appointed to cooperate with the Committee on the Revision of the Constitution, and 
to report at the same time. 

Miss Helen Louise Johnson presented a letter from Mrs. Flora McDonald Thomp- 
son asking the Association to endorse her request to the Secretary of Labor to estab- 
lish a Bureau of Women's Labor as part of the Department of Labor. She was 
directed to reply to Mrs. Thompson expressing the warmest sympathy in the interest 
indicated in her letter, but telling her that before the Association could append its 
name to a petition to establish a new bureau, there must be a much clearer statement 
of the means by which the organization is to work in relation to other bureaus and 
agencies and to the work already done by existing means. 

Adjourned. 



6o Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

July 2, 1913, 2 p. m. 

Present, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Miss Josephine T. Berry, Mrs. Mary H. 
Abel, Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Miss Catharine Mulligan, Mrs. Blanche Hyde, Miss 
Mary Nicholass, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Dr. B. R. 
Andrews, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, also Miss S. M. EUiott, Miss Marguerite B. Lake, 
Miss Helen Louise Johnson, Miss Keturah Baldwin, Dr. Ira S. Wile. 

The President called for a first report from the Editorial Board as to the printing 
of the Institution Economics Section Proceedings. The Chairman, Mrs. Abel, 
reported as follows: 

"The Editorial Board suggests the following arrangement to the Institution 
Economics Section: That the full proceedings, edited by the Section Secretary, be 
placed in the hands of the Board for publication; that the Board select three papers 
for publication in the October number and then print at once the proceedings in- 
cluding papers and discussions, reprinting any other articles they desire in later 
issues of the Journal. The proceedings will be sold at $1 per copy to others and at 
50 cents to members of the Institution Economics Section. This the Board can do 
only if the proceedings do not exceed 100 pages, and if the Section can get guarantees 
of a sale of $200 at both prices. If enough copies are sold to yield a profit, the Board 
will turn back to the Section the amount paid by its members for proceedings at 
50 cents each. If the proceedings are to be issued October i, the complete manu- 
script must be in the hands of the Editorial Board August i, and in any case the 
three selected papers must be in the hands of the Editorial Board by that date. " 

Mrs. Dewey stated that separate publication did not seem advisable this year, 
when the meetings are of a general character. The motion was however made and 
passed as follows: 

Moved, That whenever any section desires to have its proceedings published 
separately, a similar arrangement to that suggested in this instance by the Journal 
OF Home Economics may be made by the Journal. 

The question of the Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund was discussed at some 
length. It was suggested that the home economics clubs in schools everywhere be 
asked to call themselves Ellen H. Richards clubs, and be encouraged to contribute 
to the Fund every Home Economics Day. 

The question of exhibits was discussed. 

The President announced that Miss Amy Louise Daniels has been appointed 
to the Committee on the Graduate School in place of Miss Maude Gilchrist, and that 
this Committee would elect its own chairman. 

The Secretary reported that the full amount of $500 for the special Journal 
fund had been subscribed. 

Adjourned. 

Isabel Ely Lord, 
Secretary. 



MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Tuesday, July i, 1913, 2.40 p.m. 

Present, Miss Arnold, Mrs. Norton, Miss Lord, Dr. Andrews, Dr. Langworthy. 
Also, by invitation, Mrs. Mary H. Abel and Miss M. B. Lake. 

The principal subject of discussion was the proposed Department for Housewives 
in the Journal of Home Economics, the subject being presented by Mrs. Abel. 
After discussion the following motion, made by Mrs. Norton and seconded by Dr. 
Andrews, was unanimously passed: 

Moved, That the Housewives' Department in the Journal of Home Economics 
be entirely under the direction of the Journal Board, except as they may ask the 
help of members. 

The report of Mrs. L3aiden Evans, chairman of the Housewives' Committee, was 
read, and as Mrs. Evans stated that she had been unable to form her committee, the 
following motion, made by Mrs. Norton and seconded by Dr. Andrews, was unani- 
mously passed : 

Moved, That the President appoint six members of the Association on the House- 
wives' Committee, of which Mrs. Evans is chairman. 

July 3, i p.m. 

Present, Miss Arnold, Miss Lord, Dr. Langworthy, Dr. Andrews. Also by invi- 
tation, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Annie Dewey, Miss Flora Rose, Dr. 
W. M. Cole. 

The October Bulletin was discussed and the decision reached that it should 
contain information from the committee on Home Economics Day (Dr. B. R. 
Andrews, Chairman) and the minutes of the Executive Committee and Council. 
The question of the Proceedings (other than papers) was left for decision until it 
could be known what space they would take. All papers are as usual to be published 
in the Journal of Home Economics. 

Miss Arnold suggested that the General Federation Bulletin might give a page to 
the Housewives' Department when this has been begun. 

The Housewives' Committee members were discussed, the announcement to be 
made later, when they have accepted appointment. 

A request was presented from the chairman of the School Lunch Committee for a 
subsidy of $50 or $75 toward the cost of exhibit to be made in Buffalo at the Inter- 
national Congress on School Hygiene, and to be sent later to Knoxville for the Child 
Welfare Exhibit. The following motion was unanimously passed: 

Moved, That the School Lunch Committee be given a guarantee of $25 toward the 
cost of the Buffalo exhibit, provided the Institution Economics Section can give the 
same guarantee. 

Miss Arnold presented an invitation from the Conference on Education in the 
South to take part in their meeting in Louisville in April 1914. After some discus- 
sion the following motion was unanimously passed : 

61 



62 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

Moved, That the American Home Economics Association will gladly arrange for a 
full afternoon or evening session at the Conference on Education in the South, pro- 
vided the time can be given over wholly to the American Home Economics Associa- 
tion; and that the President be empowered to appoint a conunittee on the Confer- 
ence. 

The place of the next meeting was discussed, and the decision made to send out 
a questionnaire on the subject to all members of the Council early in September. 

The Secretary reported that the Special Journal Fund (for the Housewives' De- 
partment) had been entirely subscribed. 

The Executive Committee then adjourned until October. 

Isabel Ely Lord, 
Secretary. 

Note. The full list of the Committee of the Association will be published in the 
next number of the Bulletin. 

HOME ECONOMICS DAY. DECEMBER 3, 1913. 

Anniversary of Birth of Ellen H. Richards, 1842-1911, Founder 

OF Home Economics Movement — Program for Observance 

OF A Home Betterment Day. 

The setting apart of a day devoted to matters of home betterment, 
begun in 191 2 by hundreds of schools, womens clubs and other or- 
ganizations, calls forth the following suggestions for the observance 
of Home Economics Day in 1913-14. December 3, the anniversary 
of the birth of Ellen H. Richards, founder of the home economics 
movement, is suggested as the suitable time, although any other day 
may be chosen. The committee of the American Home Economics 
Association having in charge the Ellen Richards Home Economics 
Fund for Research and Publication, asks that the observance be made 
an occasion for securing contributions to this agency for home bet- 
terment. Suggestions are given as to papers and essays for programs 
in clubs and schools; and also as to home economic exhibits, surveys, 
pageants, tableaux, etc. A selection can be made of papers suitable 
for club programs, or of plans adapted to schools and colleges. Ellen 
Richards Clubs and other student organizations have been formed in 
many schools and colleges and these will in many cases take the initia- 
tive. It is urged that something worthy be undertaken for the ob- 
servance and that something of local progress be sought as a result. 

Topics for Papers and Essays. 

I. "Ellen H. Richards, the Founder of Home Economics;" "The Life of a 
Woman of Science;" "Breaking into College — a Woman Pioneer in Technical 



19 13] Home Economics Day 63 

Education." For materials on these and related topics, see "Life of EUen H. 
Richards," C. L. Hunt, Whitcomb and Barrows, Boston ($1.62 postpaid). For 
portraits of Mrs. Richards (25 cents to $10) and pamphlet "EUen Richards — Sci- 
entist, Author, Teacher, Apostle of the Art of Right Living" (10 cents), address 
American Home Economics Association, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. 

2. "Xenophon, the First Home Economist." Read Xenophon's " Oeconomicus" 
(Art of Household Management) chapter iii, vii-ix especially, in Bohn's classical 
library (Macmillan Company, $1). Leaflet on Xenophon (2 pages, 5 cents), 
American Home Economics Association. 

3. "Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, American Scientist of Household 
Problems." See Encylopedias, Life of Coimt Rumford. Leaflet on Count Rum- 
ford (s cents), American Home Economics Association. 

4. "Catherine E. Beecher, Pioneer in Home Economics." See Encylopedias; 
her books, "A Treatise on Home Economics," (1841); "Domestic Receipt Book;" 
"American Woman's Home or Principles of Domestic Science," etc.; article in 
Journal of Home Economics, Baltimore, June, 191 2. Leaflet on Catherine 
Beecher (5 cents), American Home Economics Association. 

5. "The Home Economics Movement." See book of this title by Bevier and 
Usher, WTiitcomb and Barrows, Boston, 75 cents; consult also "Reports of Lake 
Placid Conference on Home Economics" (1899-1908), Journal of Home Eco- 
nomics, Baltimore, Md. ($2 a year). 1909. 

6. "Higher Education in Home Economics." This topic may be considered 
either, (i) for an individual state by securing catalogs of the state college or uni- 
versity, women's colleges, normal schools and technical schools in the state; or 
(2) for the entire country by securing catalogs of the home economics departments 
in some of the following institutions: Chicago University, Chicago; Simmons Col- 
lege, Boston; School of Practical Arts, Teachers CoUege, New York City; Uni 
versity of Illinois, (Urbana), University of Minnesota (Minneapolis), Missouri 
(Columbia), Nebraska (Lincoln), Ohio (Columbus), Tennessee (KnoxviUe), Texas 
(Austin), Washington (Seattle), etc; Pratt Institute, Brooklyn; Drexel Institute 
Philadelphia; Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y.; Toronto University, Toronto 
Canada; King's College, London, England. 

7. "Household Economy Abroad — or Home Life in Foreign Lands." See en- 
cyclopedia articles, or the series of books "Home Life in Germany," "France,' 
and other countries. Special topics may be treated, such as customs connected 
with home, foreign cookery, costume and dress, child life, etc. 

8. "Home Economics as a Subject of Study." Consult " Syllabus of Home Eco- 
nomics," published, 1913, by the EUen Richards Home Economics Fund, American 
Home Economics Association, Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. (72 pages, 50 
cents prepaid). 

9. "National Movements for Home Betterment — A Survey of Voluntary Or- 
ganizations for Conserving the Home." Free information is sent on request by 
most of the foUowing societies: American Home Economics Association, Roland 
Park, Baltimore, Md.; National ChUd Labor Committee, 105 East 22 St., New York 
City; ChUd Welfare Exhibition Committee, 200 Fifth Ave., New York City; 
Department of ChUd Helping, RusseU Sage Foundation, 105 East 2 2d St., New 
York City; American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortal- 
ity, 1 211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.; National Consumers League, 105 East 



64 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

22d St., New York City; American Federation for Sex Hygiene, 105 West 40th 
St., New York City. 

10. "Legislation Regarding Home Economics." I. State Legislation: (write 
state department of education for copy of your state school laws) . Does your 
state encourage the introduction of household arts into public elementary schools 
and high schools, by paying a share of the salary of the special teacher required? 
Many states do this. Is home economics taught in the normal schools of your 
state? If your state has a system of teachers training classes in high schools, is 
home economics a part of the required program for the intending teacher, so that 
every rural and other elementary teacher will be able to give at least incidental 
teaching in household subjects? Several states have taken advantage of this 
strategic opportunity. Is there a specialist in home economics education on the 
staff of your state education department empowered to visit local schools, advise 
and aid in developing a practical arts education to fit for home-making? One 
state has a specialist in household arts education and several have experts in 
vocational education including home economics — has your state? (If laws do not 
exist, work for the adoption of laws) . What does your state do for home economics 
in the State college or university? Write your state college. 

11. Federal Legislation: Secure copies of bills proposing (i) federal aid for 
extension education in agriculture and home economics — Lever-Smith bill, House 
of Representatives No. 1692 — write your congressman for a copy; (2) federal aid 
for industrial and home economics teaching — write Senator Carroll S. Page for 
his bill in U. S. Senate and Senator Hoke Smith for his resolution (Senate joint 
Resolution 5) for a commission on industrial and home economics education; (3) 
establishment of household science experimental work at State Agricultural Ex- 
periment Stations — write Senator Reed Smoot for copy of his bill : (4) the proposal 
to add an expert in home economics to the staff of the U. S. Bureau of Education 
(write Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C). The Legislation committee of 
the American Home Economics Association is asking for immediate favorable ac- 
tion on the Lever-Smith bill for extension teaching of home economics and agri- 
culture, and the Smith resolution for a commission on industrial education, with 
action later on the other proposals; and that the work in nutrition in the U S. 
Department of Agriculture be expanded to include shelter and clothing, thus 
completing the home economics field. (See 11 below.) Secure the bills, consider 
them on Home Economics Day, and write your representatives. 

II. "Government Work in Home Economics." The United States Department 
of Agriculture, in its office of Experiment Stations, maintains work and a staff of 
experts in nutrition. The government work in nutrition includes the writing 
and publication of helpful, practical bulletins on foods, cookery, and related 
topics; the coordinating of scientific research on nutrition in the various agricul- 
tural experiment stations throughout the country; and the conducting of research 
at Washington where laboratories for nutrition investigations are provided which 
include in their equipment a respiration calorimeter and other apparatus for ex- 
act studies. The bulletins on foods and nutrition in the Farmers Bulletin series, 
are among the most famous of government publications. The superintendent of 
Documents, Washington, D. C, will furnish on request a list of pubUcations on 
"Food and Diet." These publications have been a most important influence in 
developing home economics subject-matter and courses of study. The United 



1913] Borne Economics Day 65 

States Department of Agriculture is always ready to furnish any information or 
help possible. For further information, write Nutrition Investigations, Office of 
Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
Workers in home economics have long hoped that the natural development of 
the nutrition investigations of the department might provide attention also for 
problems of shelter and clothing, and that thus the whole subject of home eco- 
nomics may become the subject of attention by the federal government. At 
certain other points in the government service problems of home economics re- 
ceive attention. What is being done is well indicated in a paper "Government 
Publications as a Source of Information on Home Economics," by C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Ph.D., of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, published by the Amer- 
ican Home Economics Association, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. (10 cents, 
prepaid). 

A Home Survey of Your Community. 

A Committee on Survey may be appointed to examine schools, libraries etc., 
report, and secure action concerning such problems as the following: 

1. Is home economics taught in your schools — are cooking and sewing taught 
in the grades, in what grades? Do half of the girls who go through school learn 
to do plain cooking (remember that in most schools a large percentage of children 
leave school in fifth, sixth, seventh grades — find the facts in your community)? 
Would it be better to teach cooking in a lower grade than at present — so as to reach 
all? What sort of lessons actually are your girls getting? Cooking only? Any 
"first aid"? Home nursing? Laundry? Housewifery? Accounts? Household 
management? Ethics of the family? Do the girls learn to care for their own 
clothing, make repairs, etc.? Can every grammar school girl graduate make a 
wash-dress? Is the sewing taught low enough in the grades to reach practically 
all before they leave school? 

2. Does your community have evening classes for young women employed dur- 
ing the day? Is there a continuation class for young married women at afternoon 
hours in household management, foods, care of children, etc? 

3. Have your schools adequate reference books on home subjects for regular 
classes and continuation classes. 

4. Does your public library have a special reference shelf, with books, govern- 
ment pamphlets, bulletins, etc., on household subjects? Is such material well 
used? How extend its use? 

5. Would an exhibit on household betterment be useful in your community in 
connection with the public schools or public library? (Assistance, and often 
exhibits, can be secured from the home economics department of your state col- 
lege or university, your state department of agriculture and pure foods, U. S. De- 
partment of Agriculture, and the home economics committee of the General Fed- 
eration of Women's Clubs. In exhibits, avoid exploitation through advertising 
features of "pure food shows.") 

6. Has your community had a series of extension lectures on domestic science, 
a moving or temporary school of domestic science? Write state coUege or uni- 
versity. 

7. The local consultant in home eonomics — a household expert, either employed 
as a visiting domestic teacher by the charities society to work in immigrant and 



66 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

other needy homes, or serving as a consulting adviser answering household inquiries 
on call, similar to the agricultural adviser in farming communities. 

8. The woman's page of your local newspapers — is it useful to the young matron? 
Offer suggestions to your editors. 

Exhibits oj Home Economics. 

Local exhibits by schools and clubs are suggested in connection with Home Eco- 
nomics Day. Such exhibits may be historical, illustrating old-time furniture, 
furnishing, and costume, as "The Colonial Kitchen," "Historic China," "Old 
Time Handicraft, Fancy Work, Samplers," etc., or critical, illustrating im- 
proved methods, appliances, devices, etc. Local dealers wiU probably coop- 
erate and this will often lead to better results than more ambitious commercial 
exhibitions. School exhibits of results of pupils work in household arts, with 
accompanying exercises, lectures, demonstrations, may bring to a whole community 
some useful results of home economics teaching. The competition feature of 
"scoring" exhibits may be introduced and will aid in securing the attention of the 
community, (secure Bulletin, "Contests in Agriculture and Home Economics," 
Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and Iowa State 
College Bulletin on Home Economics Exhibits, Ames, Iowa). Other topics for 
exhibits may be: Products of local home industries; vocational opportunities in 
home economics — home, business, lunch room, institution, community housekeep- 
ing; ideal house plans; menus at limited cost; clothing economics; the child and 
the home — books, games, etc; child welfare in the community — ^presenting agencies 
and institutions for children; and exhibits with unique local reference as "The Old 
Plantation Home," "New England Recipes," "Dutch Dishes," "Childhood Long 
Ago," For suggestions see references above under Home Survey, (5); also, write 
Child Welfare Committee, 200 Fifth Ave., New York City and Department of 
Exhibits, Russell Sage Foimdation, 31 Union Square, New York. 

Pageants, Tableaux. 

It wiU be found possible to organize historical and other representations with 
themes related to the home, which will furnish subjects and methods of study for 
students, or become a contribution of great interest in the community. One plan 
tried by a state school is that of a series of tableaux illustrating good taste in house- 
hold furnishings, with clever dialogues between hostess and guests, in discussion of 
the materials, color, combination etc. with pointed criticism of current foolishness, 
as dust-catching furniture and ornate wall papers, as well as of tidies, gimcracks 
and knick-knacks of days gone by. A more ambitious imdertaking would be a 
historical "Pageant of Homes," illustrating the households of various lands; or 
a more limited topic might be chosen as " Kitchens of Many Lands," or " Costume," 
on which latter subject more detailed suggestions are offered. 

For a tableau on cookery no subject is perhaps as rich in possibilities as Bread, 
which in its various connections in history, legend, literature and art has rich 
resources for interesting representations. "Bread from All Lands and Ages" is 
a title which suggests the primitive woman at the grinding stones, events in 
sacred and secular history, the legend of King Alfred watching the peasant 
woman's cakes and allowing them to burn, customs of the wedding cake, and 



1913] Home Economics Day 67 

holiday breads and cakes, and such literary references as "Hasty Pudding," 
extracts from Hiawatha and Whittier's poems. (Miss Anna Barrows of Teachers 
College, New York City, will be glad to give additional suggestions to schools 
interested in preparing such a representation.) 

History of Costume. 

An authority on the history of costimie suggests that a delightful and instructive 
representation can be arranged by devising a series of tableaux, with or without 
accompanying descriptive text, illustrating the development of dress and costume. 
The scope of the representation may (i) either be extended to cover the whole his- 
tory of costume beginning perhaps with the Egyptian and continuing through 
Greek, Roman, Mediaeval, Renaissance, French Revolution and modern, 
in which case the new edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica will furnish in its 
authoritative article on "Costume" ample facts, though an exhaustive treatise such 
as Racinet's "History of Costume" may well be consulted in large libraries; or 
(2), the subject may be confined to the development of costume in America, in 
which case Alice Morse Earle's "Two Centuries of American Costume" ($2.50, 
Macmillan Company) will supply all needed material. The cooperation of school 
sewing classes in making costumes is possible. Accompanying such historical and 
pictorial representations might well be shown exhibits on the economics of clothing, 
suggestions as to choice of the fabrics, good designs, color combinations, etc., — 
the practical teachings of home economics in this field today. For last, see bul- 
letins, "Hints on Clothing," Woolman, (10 cents) Teachers College, New York 
City and "Suggestions on Choosing Textiles," Gibbs, University of Illinois, Ur- 
bana. 111., or the larger text, "Household Textiles," Gibbs, Whitcomb and Barrows, 
Boston. 

The Ellen Richards Home Economics Fund. 

The work for national home betterment which Ellen H. Richards 
initiated has resulted in establishing courses of home science in a 
thousand American high schools and elementary schools, in a hundred 
normal schools, and in as many colleges and universities. In this 
national movement for home economics education a permanent in- 
vested fund of $100,000 is needed; and this for three purposes which 
are vital to progress: (i) for popularizing scientific results by bring- 
ing to the home woman in the form of bulletins, cards of directions, 
and finally in an authoritative household encyclopedia, the established 
results of home science; (2) for publishing larger scientific papers too 
extensive for the Journal of Home Economics, such as the seventy- 
two-page "Syllabus of Home Economics" just issued by the Richards 
Fund; and (3) for promoting scientific leadership so essential to prog- 
ress by occasional prizes, scholarships, and fellowships to encourage 
exceptional advanced students. Such a foundation has been estab- 
lished, fittingly designated the Ellen Richards Home Economics Fund 



68 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

for Research and Publication. Contributions amounting to nearly 
$3000 have already been made to the Fund which is in the care of a 
special Board of Trustees, as follows: Prof. Robert H. Richards, Mas- 
sachusetts Institute of Technology; Dean Marion Talbot, University 
of Chicago; President Charles W. Dabney, University of Cincinnati; 
Dr. C. F. Langworthy, U. S. Department of Agriculture; Mrs. Mary 
H. Abel, Editor of Journal of Home Economics; Prof. Benjamin 
R. Andrews, Teachers College, Columbia University; Prof. Isabel 
Bevier, University of Illinois; Frances Stern, Boston; President Ed- 
nah A. Rich, Santa Barbara Normal School; Mrs. Annie Dewey, 
Lake Placid Club; James J. Walsh, M. D., Late Dean of Fordham 
College, New York City; and Frederick B. Pratt, Pratt Institute, 
Brooklyn. 

Contributions to Fund. 

The American Home Economics Association urges all interested in 
home conservation and betterment to share in this Fund by sending 
personal contributions, but especially by organizing a local movement 
in observance of Home Economics Day and in connection therewith 
affording an opportunity for a school, club, or community contribu- 
tion. It is urged that committees on Home Economics Day be 
appointed and that a contribution to the Home Economics Fund be 
included in the plans. An admission fee may be charged for the exer- 
cises on Home Economics Day; or a contributed candy, cake or other 
sale made be held (one club has a plan for a series of candy sales 
throughout the season) ; a special lecture or other entertainment with 
admission may be arranged. A local fund committee may be or- 
ganized in any school, club, or community and may easily secure one 
or more large contributions, while a general plan may be adopted of 
equal subscriptions in a small amount shared in by all members of 
a group. By one method or another, assume your community's share 
of $10, $50 or $100 in this national agency for the home, and organize 
work and contribute such a share. 

Reports. 

Please send reports of your Home Economics Day observance to 
the American Home Economics Association, Roland Park, Baltimore, 
Md., or to the Chairman of Ellen Richards Home Economics Fund 
Committee, Prof. Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers College, New 
York City. 



BULLETIN 

or THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 



Series i DECEMBER, 1913 No. 5 

ANNUAL MEETING 

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
June 27-July 4, igij 

Members of the Association who were unable to attend the last 
annual meeting will be interested to see the program as actually carried 
out. This interesting meeting owed much of its success to the fact that 
it was in close touch with the Home Economics Department of Cornell 
University whose hospitality the Association enjoyed. Certain broad 
principles that guide this department were well stated by Dean 
Bailey of the College of Agriculture: "We cannot develop the best 
citizen in the open country without developing the women as well as 
the men and just as many of them. We can never reach the country 
life problem until we send back to the farm and small town as many 
well-trained women as well-trained men." ,-.;_.■ 

One dominant note of the meeting was the record of succesafciT ^^ ''/ 

attempts to bring home economics principles to bear on the homes, 
especially the homes of the poor. Five excellent papers were pre- 
sented that dealt with the visiting housekeeper or adviser. 

Program 
Friday, June 27 

2.00 p.m. Reports of Secretary, Treasurer, and Committees. 

Home Economics at Cornell University. Miss Martha 
Van Rensselaer and Miss Flora Rose. 



9 



2 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

7.30 p.m. The working girl in France. Mme. Alice Geubel de 
la Ruelle, Inspector of labor, France. 
Economics in the home from a man's point of view. 
Dr. Thomas Nixon Carver, Director of Rural Econom- 
ics, United States Department of Agriculture. 

Saturday, June 28 

10.00 a.m. The Social Service Side of Home Economics. 

The need of the immigrant. Miss Mabel Hyde Kittredge, 

Association of Housekeeping Centers, New York City. 

The needs of the working child. Miss J. J. Eschenbren- 

ner, Membership Secretary, National Child Labor 

Committee. 

7.15 p.m. Formal opening Home Economics building. 

Reception by Department of Home Economics. 

Sunday, June 2g 

3.15 p.m. Vocations and culture. President George E. Vincent, 
University of Minnesota. Sage Chapel. 

5.00 p.m. Sunset service, library slope. Special music by Congre- 
gational church quartet. 

Monday, June 30 

2.00 p.m. The Industrial Side. 

Problems in the training of teachers: 

The basic work in art. Miss Mary Quinn, Pratt Insti- 
tute. 

The girl in industry. Mr. C. E. Prosser, Executive Secre- 
tary, National Society for the Promotion of Industrial 
Education. 

Preparation for industrial vocation. Miss Mary E. 
Parker, William Penn High School, Philadelphia. 
8.30 p.m. The Extension Side. 

Home economics and rural extension. Professor Otis 
W. Caldwell, University of Chicago. 

Discussion on rural extension. 



1 91 3) Annual Meeting 3 

Tuesday, July i 

lo.oo a.m. The Educational Side. 

Some results from a study of the factors in bread making. 
Miss Anna W. Williams, Kansas State Agricultural 
College. 

Problems in the preparation and use of foods. Miss Cora 
E. Gray, University of Illinois. 

Problems in the Training of Teachers : 

The basic work of science. Professor J. F. Snell, Mac- 
Donald College, Quebec. 

An experiment in teaching economics. Miss Sarah J. 
MacLeod, Pratt Institute. 
S.oo p.m. Acting President T. F. Crane, Cornell University, pre- 
siding. 

Organization and efficiency. Mr. H. F. J. Porter, Secre- 
tary Efficiency Society. 

President's address. Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean 
Simmons College, Boston. 

Report on Journal of Home Economics. Mrs. Mary H. 
Abel. 

Wednesday, July 2 

10.00 a.m. The Housepkeeer's Side. Dr. Benjamin R. AndrewS; 

Teachers' College, Columbia University, presiding. 
Efficiency in the household. Mrs. J. George Frederick, 

author of "The New Housekeeping." 
Extension work. Dean Liberty Hyde Bailey, New York 

State College of Agriculture. 
The relation of house planning to home economics. 
Mrs. Helen Binkerd Young, Cornell University. 

INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Wednesday, July 2 

7.30p.m. "The best way yet"; a round table on housekeeping 

equipment and methods. 
8.00 p.m. Dr. Ira S. Wile, Member of Board of Education, School 
Lunch and Food Committee, New York City, presiding. 
Standards of living. Dr. Wile. 

Organization, man power, and rewards. Mrs. Annie 
Dewey, Lake Placid Club, New York. 



4 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

Thursday, July 3 

10.00 a.m. Miss Martha Van Rensselaer presiding. 

School lunch rooms. Miss Mary E. L. Small, chairman, 
Head of Department of Domestic Science, Public 
Schools, Buffalo. 

Report of Committee on Laundry Management. Miss S. 
Maria Elliott, Simmons College, chairman. 

The training of the school dietitian. Miss Lillian Kemp, 
Drexel Listitute. 

Teaching of meals in regular class work. Miss Margaret 
L. Durdan, Buffalo, New York. 
7.30 p.m. Miss Van Rensselaer presiding. 

Distribution of household labor. C. F. Langworthy, 
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 

Discussion of equipment for large numbers in institutions. 
8.00 p.m. Miss Adelaide Nutting, Teachers' College, Columbia 
University, presiding. 

Domestic Education in the Home. 

An experiment: The visiting housekeeper's work in 
Detroit. Mrs. Bessie Bishop Bothwell, Visiting House- 
keeper. The Associated Charities, Detroit, Michigan. 

Two years of work as domestic educator. Mrs. Annie L. 
Hansen, North American Civic League for Immigrants. 

Home Economics in social work. Miss Winifred Gibbs, 
Supervisor, Home Economy Department, The New 
York Association for Improving the Condition of the 
Poor. 

Possibilities in the work of the municipal visiting house- 
keeper. Miss Emma Winslow, Visiting Housekeeper 
of the Young Women's Christian Association, Cleve- 
land, Ohio. 

Friday, July 4 

10.00 a.m. Dr. William Morse Cole, Professor of Business Adminis- 
tration, Harvard University, presiding. 

Unit costs. Dr. Cole. 

Institutional farm management. K. C. Livermore, Pro- 
fessor of Farm Management, and other members of the 
staff of the New York State College of Agriculture. 



igi^] Annual Meeting 

GENERAL SESSION 



I2.00 m. 



Flag Raising on the Home Economics Building. 
Poem. Liberty Hyde Bailey. 

Music, " Star Spangled Banner. " Mrs. E. M. Chamot. 
Address and raising of the flag. Dr. Andrew Dickson 
White. 

List of Committees 

For The 1913 Meeting 

Cammittee on Resolutions 

Miss Josephine T. Berry, Chairman, 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Miss Catharine Mulligan. 

Committee on Audit 

Prof. William Morse Cole, Chairman, 
Miss S. M. Elliott, Mr. Edgar A. Fisher. 

To Serve Through 1913 

Committee on Housekeepers' Section 

Mrs. Lynden Evans, Chairman, 
Mrs. Ernest F. Cochran, Mrs. Charles H. Ott, 

Mrs. Schuyler D. Herron, Mrs. W. G. Shailer, 

Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith, Mrs. J. F. Snell. 

Committee on Publicity 

Mr. Maurice LeBosquet, Chairman, 
Miss Josephine T. Berry, Miss Helen Louise Johnson, 

Mrs. Olaf N. Guldlin, Mis Katherine McKay, 

Mrs. Claudia Q. Murphy. 

Committee on Textiles 

Miss Agnes Houston Craig, Chairman, 
Mrs. Margaret Blair, Miss Charlottee Gibbs, 

Miss NeUie Crooks, Mr. E. F. Worst. 

Editorial Board, Journal of Home Economics 

Mrs. Mary H. Abel, Chairman, 
Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy. 



Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

Committee on Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund 

Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, Chairman, 
Mrs. William H. Barrett, Miss Isabel Hyams, 

Miss Ednah A. Rich, Dr. C. F. Langworthj'. 

Committee on Finance 

Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Chairman, 
Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Miss Abby L. Marlatt, 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy. 

To Serve Until Next Annual Meeting 

Nominating Committee 

Miss Susanna Usher, Chairman, 
Miss Ruth A. Wardell, Miss Emma S. Jacobs, 

Miss Anna Barrows, Miss Bertha N. Terrill. 

Committee on the Revision of the Constitution 

Prof. William Morse Cole, Chairman, 
Miss Amy Louise Daniels, Miss Helen Kinne, 

Miss Isabel Ely Lord, Miss Abby L. Marlatt, 

Miss Ednah A. Rich. 

Committee on Home Economics Day 

Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, Chairman, 
Miss Elizabeth Condit, Miss Agnes Harris, 

Miss Alice Loomis, Miss Bertha Terrill. 

Committee on Graduate School 

Miss Amy Louise Daniels, Chairman, 
Miss Edna D. Day, Miss Agnes Hunt, 

Miss Abby L. Marlatt, Mrs. Alice P. Norton, 

Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, 

Dr. L. F. Mendel. 

Committee on Legislation 

Miss Helen Kinne, Chairman, 
Miss Emma S. Jacobs, Mr. Benjamin R. Andrews. 



BULLETIN 

or THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Roland Park Branch, Baltimore. Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post OfiSce 



Series 2 MARCH, 19 14 No. i 

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

June 30- July 3, 19 14 

The Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, has offered us 
hospitality for the annual meeting. As the Institution Economics 
Section will not meet at the same time, the meeting will not cover so 
many days as the last one. It will open Tuesday evening, June 30, 
and continue until Friday noon, July 3. The arrangement of last 
year, whereby one-third of the day will be left free, will again be;.-, 
made. • ""^^ ''^^\ 

The Western Reserve dormitories will accommodate ninety of -those y\ ^'^^ 
in attendance, and the rest can be cared for at the Young Womert''^ ^ \S-\ 
Christian Association in Cleveland. Exact data as to cost cannot ^ Jr-^j 
be given yet, but living expenses for the three days need not exceed K^ ^<^ 
$10. There will be no attempt to secure special railroad rates, as it 'Y\\*'<-^^ 
was proved last year that not enough people took advantage of the *- "" 
offer to make it possible to get such rates. 

As the 1915 meeting is to be in Seattle, those who cannot attend 
that should avail themselves of the opportunity to go to Cleveland. 
Last year's meeting was the most successful in the history of the 
Association, but this year's promises to be fully as interesting. 



LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Life Members 

NAME ADDRESS 

Dewey, Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dewey, Mrs. Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dodge, Grace H 262 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Members 

Abbott, L. R 117 Barclay St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Abel, Mrs. Mary H Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. 

Abell, Adelaide M 37 Adelaide Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Able, Lora B Clarke St., Milledgeville, Ga. 

Adams, Amanda McCormick Central High School, Detroit, Mich. 

Addison, Miss C 1 230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Agnew, Ella G Burkeville, Va. 

Albertson, Amy Ochanickon, Burlington, N. J. 

Alden, Caroline E 30 E. 33d St., Bayonne, N. J. 

Men, Annie E 263 Harvard St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Allen, Bemice Gumee, 111. 

Allen, Katherine Troy, Ohio 

Allison, Inga M. K Colorado Agricultural College, Fort CoUins, Colo. 

Alport, Ruth J 131 Allen St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Anderson, Annie 121 N. Flower St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Andrews, Benjamin R 421 W. 121st St., New York, N. Y. 

Armstrong, Lillian M loi N. 6th St., Darby, Pa. 

Arnold, Mary Elliott 209 Dryden Road, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Arnold, Sarah Louise Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Atwater, Helen W 226 Washington St., Middletown, Conn. 

Atwater, Ruth Pratt Institute, Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Austin, Mrs. Mary Busby 4320 Guilford Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Aylward, Emma B 430 S. Ashland Blvd., Chicago, 111. 

Bachelder, Grace D 9 St. James Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Bacon, Margaret J 53 Rawley St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Bacon, Mrs. Mary A. C Westerly, R. I. 

Bailey, Ilena May Office of Farm Management, Washington, D. C. 

Bailey, Sarah Bellevue CoUege, Bellevue, Nebr. 

Baird, Rose A Rockford College, Rockford, 111. 

Baker, Mrs. Charlotte Gibbs 5456 Rosalie Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Baker, Margaret M Menomonie, Wis. 

2 



1914I List of Members 3 

NAME ADDRESS 

Balch, Emily G Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Balderston, L. Ray Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Baldwin, Bertha N 286 Warren St., Roxbury, Mass. 

Baldwin, Isabel C 329 S. Clay Ave., Jacksonville, 111. 

Baldwin, Keturah E 2906 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Md. 

Baldwin, Mary F 638 Fulton St., S.E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Baldwin, W. A Hyannis, Mass. 

Ballard, Mrs. J. H 34 Momingside Ave., E., New York, N. Y. 

Barber, Edith 3433 Walnut St., West Philadelphia, Pa. 

Barclay, Mrs. Delancey H 14 E. Franklin St., Baltimore, Md. 

Barcroft, Hattie J 230 N. Marguerite Ave., Alhambra, Cal. 

Barker, Katherine K i454 Reginia Lane, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Barrett, Emma 1511 Boylston Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Barrows, Anna, Care of Whitcomb & Barrows, Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Barrows, Mary Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Barth, Adelaide 615 1 Columbia Ave., Overbrook, Pa. 

Bartholow, Sallie C 1236 Harvard St. N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Bartlett, Ellen M 1233 St. Charles St., Alameda, Cal. 

Bartlett, Katherine R 181 Princess St., St. John, N. B., Can. 

Bartram, M. S Kennett Square, Pa. 

Basil, Sister Loretta Convent of St. Elizabeth, Convent Station, N. J. 

Bates, Elizabeth C 1421 University Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Baxter, Orissa M 57 Farmington Ave., Hartford, Corm. 

Beabe, J. T North St., Walpole, Mass. 

Beach, Dorothy 319 Union St., Bangor, Me. 

Becker, Bertha M 150 W. 80th St., New York, N. Y. 

Becker, Lulu M 401 S. Saginaw St., Pontiac, Mich. 

Bell, Marion 9 John St., Ilion, N. Y. 

Bell, Martha T 20 E. Oak St., Denton, Tex. 

Bemis, Bessie Agricultural College, St. Paul, Minn. 

Benedict, Mrs. Cornelia 195 BeUevue St., Boston, Mass. 

Benedict, May D Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y. 

Benedict, Sarah 1750 W. Congress St., Chicago, 111. 

Benson, C. C University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Benton, Gladys R 349 Main St. Danbury, Conn. 

Berg, Ida B 3218 Eighth Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Berry, Josephine T University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Bevier, Isabel University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

*^Biester, Alice 5 Caldron St., W. Lafayette, Ind. 

. Bigelow, Gertrude Shattuck St., Natick, Mass. 

i^Billman, Lulu 169 W. Church St., Newark, Ohio 

^XjBirck, Florence E 3201 Clifford St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

(j..^ Birdseye, Miriam 82 Hillside Ave., Orange, N. J. 

Bishop, Lana Technical High School, Cleveland, Ohio 

^^Bizzell, W. B College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Y^Blackman, Edith 32 S. Normal St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

"^'"Blair, Mrs. Margaret J University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 



4 BlUletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Blake, Rosalia E 420 W. 121st St., New York, N. Y. 

Blohm, Anna F Hayes Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 

Blood, Alice F 10 Humboldt St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Blunt, Katherine Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Blyth, Jessie Mimico Asylum, Mimico, Ont., Can. 

Board of Education Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Bond, Clara B 121 2 W. 7th St., Spokane, Wash. 

Bonslagel, Connie 1 148 Robinson St., Jackson, Miss. 

Bookwater, Mrs. Alfred S 751 Hand Ave., Sta. W., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Borden, Marion W 44 Lillian Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Borst, Mrs. Ella Henrj' 1900 Emerson St., Denver, Colo. 

Boughton, Alice C 4424 Larchwood Ave., West Philadelphia, Pa. 

Bouton, Rosa Ocean Beach, San Diego Co., Cal. 

Bowen, Mary E Teachers Training School, Schenectady, N. Y. 

Boyer, Harriet A Newcomb College, New Orleans, La. 

Boyington, Mrs. R. P Nemadji, Minn. 

Boys, Mrs. Jessie A Care of Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, Boston, Mass. 

Brackett, Jeffrey R 41 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

Bradley, Alice 11 Dell Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. 

Bradley, Minnie 1014 15th Ave., N., Seattle, Wash. 

Bradt, Mrs. S. E DeKalb, HI. 

Bramble, Mary R 3423 Knott Ave., Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Bray, Evelyn Hospital for Insane, London, Ont., Can. 

Bray, Lena State School of Agriculture, Canton, N. Y. 

Brayton, Irma 2125 Broadway, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Breckenridge, Sophonisba P Green Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Brennan, Mrs. Minnie B 1809 Euclid Ave., Berkeley, Cal. 

Brewer, Lillian I Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Briscoe, Mrs. Charles H Thompsonville, Conn. 

Brookings, Mrs. Walter DuBois 2693 Union St., San Francisco, Cal. 

Brooks, Fannie D Salem College, Winston-Salem, N. C. 

Brooks, Mrs. Helen B Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Brown, Agnes Clare Cuba, N. Y. 

Brown, Mrs. Ida M Kimball Union Academy, Meriden, N. H. 

Brown, Irene Grimes, Cal. 

Brown, Kate Louise 916 College Ave., Burlington, Iowa 

Bruce, H. T N. Y. Training School for Girls, Hudson, N. Y. 

BruSre, Mrs. Martha Bensley 206^ W. 13th St., New York, N. Y. 

Bryant, Louise Stevens University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Bullard, Sarah H 818 Potomac Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Bullock, Lillian E College Hall, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Bullock, Sarah E College Hall, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Bunce, Alice J 78 Chatham St., Worcester, Mass. 

Burbank, Annie F R. D. 16, Penacook, N. H. 

Burgess, Helen R 40 Union St., Plymouth, Mass. 

Bumite, Mary A Denton, Md. 

Burton, Alice 900 Clark St., Charles City, Iowa 



1 914] ^w' oj Members 5 

NAME ADDRESS 

Burton-Smith, Mrs. Frances G. . . Nat. Arts Club, Gramercy Park, New York, N. Y. 

Buss, Dorothy McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo. 

Buttler, Bemice B 925 S. 14th St., St. Joseph, Mo. 

Buttorf, Lucy W 233 Fatherland St., Nashville, Tenn. 

Byington, Grace W 717 N. Gibbs St., Pomona, Cal. 

CaldweU, Mrs. Frances C 535 West Ave., Rochester, N. Y. 

Calvin, Mrs. Henrietta W Corvallis, Ore. 

Cameron, Mrs. Katherine M State Normal CoUege, Spearfish, S. Dak. 

Camp, Elizabeth F 66 Quincy St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Campbell, Mrs. Louise H Iowa State CoUege, Ames, Iowa 

Campbell, Miss M. E Box 361, Ontario, Cal. 

Campbell, Mabel 223 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Campbell, Mabel Davis Hall, Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. I. 

Cannon, Ida Kelly Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Carpenter, Mrs. George 12 Portland Place, St. Louis, Mo. 

Carpenter, Mary L State Normal School, Fitchburg, Mass. 

Carrick, M. L Mt. Royal College, Calgary, Alta., Can. 

Gary, Mrs. C. McK Wells College, Aurora, N. Y. 

Casey, Josephine G 3925 Wyandotte St., Kansas City, Mo. 

Gate, Mrs. Margaret W 217 I St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Chamot, Georgina E 69 Johnson Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Champion, Clara W 1662 Park Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Chapin, Florence E 215 Jefferson St., Hartford, Conn. 

Chapin, Mary T 432 N. Pacific Ave., Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Chesley, William Drafer Hall, Amherst, Mass. 

Child, A. C Housekeeping Expt. Sta., Stamford, Conn. 

Child, Ruth K 477 Yates St., Albany, N. Y. 

Christian, M. Katherine Lexington Public Schools, Lexington, Ky. 

Church, Carrie E Kamehameha Schools, Honolulu, T. H. 

Churchman, Sarah B Y. W. C. A., i8th and Arch Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Churton, Florence H Illinois Woman's College, Jacksonville, 111. 

Clark, Marcia A Florida State College for Women, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Clem, Isabel Y 118 Lefferts Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Clement, Jennie P 124 Mt. Vernon St., Winchester, Mass. 

Cochran, Mrs. B. W., Jr 200 Goodwood Road, Roland Park, Md. 

Cochran, Mrs. Ernest F 603 N. McDuffie St., Anderson, S. C 

Coffin, Caroline C 1362 Grove St., San Francisco, Cal. 

Coffin, Margaret 100 Gainsboro St., Boston, Mass. 

Colby, Eva Macomb, 111. 

Cole, Eva 1410 Arapahoe St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Cole, Marion L N. Y. Orphanage, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Cole, William Morse 35 Langdon St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Coleman, Mary E World Book Company, Yonkers, N. Y. 

Colwell, Rachel H University of West Virginia, Morgantown, W. Va. 

Comstock, Laura Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. 

Condit, Elizabeth C 288 Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 



6 BuUetin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Conklin, Jean io8 Main St., Saranac Lake, N. Y. 

Connor, Henrietta 177 N. State St., Chicago, 111. 

Converse, Mary East Technical High School, Cleveland, Ohio 

Conway, Geneva 3608 Eastern Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Cooke, Amelia A Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Cooley, Anna M Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Cooley, Marguerite E 2610 Dwight Way, Berkeley, Cal. 

Coolidge, Ellen W 81 Marlboro St., Boston, Mass. 

Cooper, Blanche Box 247, Logan, Utah 

Cooper, Lenna F Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Corbett, Florence R 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Cowles, Julia K 248 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Cox, Marion 234 W. 9th St., Canton, Ohio 

Craig, Agnes H College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Craythom, Ida V 302 W. State St., Trenton, N. J. 

Cree, Reva V Payette, Idaho 

Crooks, Nellie Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Crosby, Mrs. William H 1042 Main St., Racine, Wis. 

Cross, Elizabeth W 1804 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C. 

Crowell, Mrs. E. R McDonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Crozier, Susan L L. F. O. A., Lynchburg, Va. 

Cunningham, Mrs. Frederic 135 Ivy St., Brookline, Mass. 

Currie, Mrs. M. L Nurses' Home, State Hospital, Middletown, Conn. 

Dabney, Mrs. Ellen P 2064 23d Ave., N., Seattle, Wash. 

Daniels, Ada E 42 Tremont St., Hartford, Conn. 

Daniels, Amy Louise 1323 Keyser Ave., Columbia, Mo. 

Daniels, Mabel C University State Farm, Lincoln, Nebr. 

Darling, Mrs. Harriet L. B 72 Keiffer St., Brookline, Mass. 

Davis, Mamie B Box 304, South Western Normal, Weathersford, Okla. 

Davis, Olive Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Day, Edna D 1209 Ohio St., Lawrence, Kan. 

Day, Helen M 222 Laura St., Peoria, 111. 

Deacon, Gertrude N 309 Garden St., Mt. Holly, N. J. 

Dean, Mary S 19 Summer St., Adams, Mass. 

Dean, NeUie 54 W. 82d St., New York, N. Y. 

de Cerkez, Florence E 411 W. 114th St., New York, N. Y. 

Dellwig, Flora 175 Massachusetts Ave. N.E., Washington, D. C. 

Denny, Grace G University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 

Denton, Minna C Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111. 

Dewey, Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dewey, Mrs. Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

De Wolfe, H. T Acadia Seminary, Wolfville, N. S., Can. 

Dick, Rhoda E 527 W. 121st St., New York, N. Y. 

Dickerson, Luna Vigan, Ilacos Sur, P. I. 

Diehl, Eleanor C 220 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Dike, Alice Norton 1 13 Hancock St., Aubumdale, Mass. 



1914] •^*^^ oj Members 7 

NAME ADDRESS 

Dillard, Mrs. Mary Evans 601 Court St., Lynchburg, Va. 

Dinwiddie, Emily W 187 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. 

Dodd, Margaret E P. O. Box 77, Brookline, Mass. 

Dodge, Grace H 262 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Donham, Agnes Rockland, Mass. 

Dorman, Jessie T m Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Dombusch, Louise M 1221 K St., Washington, D. C. 

Doty, Mrs. Paul 286 Laurel Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

Douglas, Josephine Tonia, Mich. 

Dow, Ula M R. R. I., Manhattan, Kans. 

Dowd, Mary 22 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Driscoll, Susie G 40 Burgess St., Lowell, Mass. 

Dudley, M. F Worcester State Insane Hospital, Worcester, Mass. 

Dunham, Edna B 742 Central Ave., Sandusky, Ohio 

Dunlap, Mrs. Henry M Savoy, 111. 

Dunn, Mrs. John Kendall 398 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. 

Durdan, Margaret L Buffalo, N. Y. 

Eadie, E. M Bloor St. and North Drive, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

East, Anna M 448 W. 8th St., Fremont, Nebr. 

Eastmond, Mrs. Margaret H 584 N. 3d East, Provo, Utah 

Ebbets, Charlotte P State Normal School, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Eck, Harriet 5941 Alder St., E. Liberty Sta., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Eckman, Rena S Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass. 

Eichenbaum, Nettie Avonia, Erie Co., Pa. 

Eisenberger, Arma M 90 Locust Hill Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Eliott, M. Louise 11 Morse St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Elliott, Clara E Normal School, Hamilton, Ont., Can. 

Elliott, S. Maria 118 Charles St., Boston, Mass. 

Evans, Mrs. Lynden 1240 Astor Place, Chicago, 111. 

Evans, Margaret M 337 E. Main St., Kent, Ohio 

Evans, Mary 4479 Berlin Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Evans, Sydney Merion, Pa. 

Ewart, Nellie E 11 Newman Way, Arlington, Mass. 

Fairall, Henrietta A 829 39th St., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Fales, Jane Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Farmer, Fannie Merritt 30 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Famsworth, Nellie W State Normal School, Valley City, N. Dak. 

Farrell, Mary R Wayne, Pa. 

Ferguson, Edna M 569 Water St., Peterboro, Ont., Can. 

Ferguson, Mrs. Henry 1 23 Vernon St., Hartford, Conn. 

Ferguson Publishing Company Sherman, Tex. 

Feiding, Mrs. Alice Dynes 128 Bruen St., Madison, Wis. 

Field, Bertha L 423 N. Front St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Finlayson, M. K 219 Bryant Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Fish, Ada Z 1717 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. 



8 Bulletin American Home Economics Association (March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Fishback, Bess L ' Waitsburg, Wash. 

Fisher, Edgar A Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. 

Fisher, Grace 40 Marion Ave., Pasadena, Cal. 

Fisher, Mrs. Irving > . 460 Prospect St., New Haven, Conn. 

Fisher, Katherine A MacDonald CoUege, Quebec, Can. 

Flagg, Etta P 1 15 N. Union Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Folger, Harriet 408 Main St., Winona, Minn. 

Foote, Alice B 562^ Broad St., Meriden, Conn. 

Forbes, Mrs. E. B 118 N. Buckeye St., Wooster, Ohio 

Forehand, A. Josephine 40 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. 

Foster, Florence E 11501 Mayfield Road, Cleveland, Ohio 

Foulk, Mrs. C. W 384 King Ave., Columbus, Ohio 

Francis, Emma 540 W. 2 2d St., New York, N. Y. 

Francis, Lillias D 28 West 69th St., New York, N. Y. 

Francis, Myrtle D Mazon, 111. 

Franklin, Veta 231 1 J St., Bellingham, Wash. 

Frear, Mrs. F. D 598 Madison Ave., Albany, N. Y. 

Freeman, Frances R State Normal School, Moorhead, Minn. 

Freeman, Herbert Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Freeman, Mrs. Herbert C Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. 

French, Lucile Grace Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

French, Mrs. Martha H 107 Normal St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Frich, Lilla Pauline City Hall, Minneap)olis, Minn. 

Frormne, Nola K. . . . South Dakota State Agricultural College, Brookmgs, S. Dak. 

Fuller, Alice Magoon Bureau of Education, Manila, P. I. 

Fuller, Grace 351 S. Summit St., Ypsilanti, Mich. 

FuUer, Maud 403 Fountain St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Gage, Marian 57 Cypress St., Brookline, Mass. 

Gamble, Mrs. D. B 4 Westmoreland Place, Pasadena, Cal. 

Gammon, Mrs. Mabel Fair Apt. 4, Tupper Bldg., Cheyenne, Wyo. 

Gardiner, Anne J iii Russell Ave., St. Catherine, Ont., Can. 

Garvin, Alma Cambridge City, Ind. 

Gaymon, Leah May 123 W. 5th St., St. Paul, Minn. 

Gearing, Mary E University of Texas, Austin, Tex. 

George, Elva A Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, N. Y. 

George, George Technical College, Auckland, New Zealand 

Gerould, Harriet D The Oaks, Thompson St., Springfield, Mass. 

Gessner, Mabel L 150 Bradley St., New Haven, Conn. 

Gibbs, Winifred S 70 Irving Place, New York, N. Y. 

Gies, William J 437 W. S9th St., New York, N. Y. 

Gilbreth, Frank B 60 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 

Gilchrist, Maude 46 Dover Road, Wellesley, Mass. 

Gillett, Lucy H Southwick, Mass. 

Gilmore, Jennie W McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo. 

Gilson, Helen E Jefferson Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Gladish, Nan G 315 N. Walker Ave., Austin, Chicago, 111. 



1914] List of Members 9 

NAME ADDRESS 

Gleason, Margaret 15 16 Main St., Davenport, Iowa 

Gloster, Jeannie S 321 Brookline Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Goddard, L. H U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Goddard, Morrill Care of Sunday Dept. of N. Y. American, New York, N. Y. 

Goessling, Jane V High School, Wilmington, Del. 

Goldsmith, A. R Wallcourt, Aurora-on-Cayuga, N. Y. 

Goldthwaite, N. E University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Goodspeed, Helen C Penn Yan, N. Y. 

Gordon, Catherine R. . . .6, The Terrace, Grove Park, Lee, London, S. E., Eng. 

Gordon, Edith M 183 Pleasant St., Milton, Mass. 

Gorton, Geraldine Buffalo, N. Y. 

Graves, Lillian San Dimas, Cal. 

Gray, Cora E 805 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Gray, Grace Medora V 5621 Jackson Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Green, Mrs. Anna G 801 Elmira St., WiUiamsport, Pa. 

Green, Annie 1 340 Linden Place, DeKalb, 111. 

Greene, M. Louise 14 University Place, New Haven, Corm. 

Greer, Carlotta C Technical High School, Cleveland, Ohio 

Gregg, Mary 64 St. James Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Gregory, Mrs. John M 1116 E. 54th Place, Chicago, 111. 

Grindley, H. S University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Griswold, Alice R 431 Greenwich St., Reading, Pa. 

Gross, Mrs. Anna Rew iioo Ridge Ave., Evanston, 111. 

Guldlin, Mrs. O. N 2306 Fairfield Ave., Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Gunn, Alice M L. Box 954, EUendale, N. Dak. 

Gunn, Lilian M Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Gunther, Emma H 505 W. 1 21st St., New York, N. Y. 

Guthrie, Louise Lexington, Nebr. 

Hadwen, Sibylla Waldo Hall, Corvallis, Ore. 

Hagar, Grace E 3203 Key West St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Hagelstein, Sophie C 12 Shepton St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Haggart, Margaret H 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Hale, Mrs. William B 19 Prince St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Hall, Mrs. Caroline Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hall, Corinne 1308 Broadway, Denver, Colo. 

Hall, Edith 208 College Ave., DeKalb, 111. 

Hall, Eliza P Nassau Ind. School, Lawrence, Long Island, N. Y. 

Hallock, Anna F 219 S. 9th St., La Crosse, Wis. 

Halm, Helen H Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Hamilton, Joan Victoria School, Mclntyre St., Regina, Sask., Can. 

Hamilton, Mrs. M. DeWitt 612 W. Pierce St. Kirksville, Mo. 

Hanna, Agnes K School of Education, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Hanna, Mary E 4934 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Hansis, May 908 S. 19th St., Birmingham, Ala. 

Hardy, Katherine May 1126 N. Main St., Dayton, Ohio 

Harkins, Lilla A Montana State College of Agriculture, Bozeman, Mont. 



lo Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Harris, Agnes Ellen State College for Women, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Harris, Blanche R Truro, Nova Scotia, Can. 

Harris, Jessie W P. O. Box 312, Huntsville, Tex. 

Harris, Rowland H Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Hartman, E. Grace 65 School St., Fall River, Mass. 

Hartzell, Ada M. C 73 Medway St., Providence, R. I. 

Hassebrock, Mamie M 622 N. K St., Tacoma, Wash. 

Hasslock, Clara W Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Ga. 

Hatch, Beulah Clark Cor. Lincoln and Highland Ave., Wollaston, Mass. 

Hatch, Helen Edith. .Manual Training and Industrial School, New London, Conn. 

Hatch, Mrs. W. M Lincoln Ave., Wollaston, Mass. 

Havens, Coral R 578 John R. St., Detroit, Mich. 

Hayes, Maud E Connecticut Agricultural College, Storrs, Conn. 

HajTvard, Maude L 49 Dana St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Hayward, Ruby 740 Adams Ave., Evansville, Ind. 

Hedges, Anna C 185 Emerson Place, BrookljTi, N. Y. 

Heinemann, Mrs. P. G 1930 W. loist Place, Chicago, 111. 

Heising, Marie D R. F. D. 13, Kirkwood, Mo. 

Helland, Mrs. Helen Rice St. Luke's Hospital, New York, N. Y. 

Henke, Flora 2210 Howard St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Herron, Mrs. Schuyler F Winchester, Mass. 

Hess, Emma C 258 A. Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hessler, Mrs. John C 1398 W. Macon St., Decatur, 111. 

Heyle, Elsie M 3823 Baltimore Ave., Kansas City, Mo. 

Hill, Mrs. Janet M 372 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. 

Hill, Mrs. Justina R Dickerson House, Smith CoUege, Northampton, Mass. 

HiU, Ruth C 44 Martin St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Hill, Sarah C The Bayard, New Brunswick, N. J. 

Hiller, Elizabeth O Park Ridge, 111. 

Hinchman, Elizabeth 417 W. 1 20th St., New York, N. Y. 

Hincks, Mrs. P. T Cayote, Cal. 

Hiss, Mrs. Charles A 1427 Linden Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Hitchcock, Frederick S New London, Conn. 

Hitchings, Mrs. Henrj', Haydn Hall, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 

Holbrook, Florence 90 Court St. Plymouth, Mass. 

Holbrook, Florence T 5826 Harold Way, Hollywood, Cal. 

Holbrook, Sara M 1501 Chapel St., New Haven, Conn. 

HoUister, Helen 161 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

HoUoway, Emma F Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Holmes, Mary Box 41, Montecito, Cal. 

Hood, Grace Gordon. . . Faculty Exchange College of Education, University of 

Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Hoover, Jessie M University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 

Hopkins, Ella 17 16 Harvard Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Hopkins, Frances 1716 Harvard Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Hopkins, Marian E 13S E. 52d St., New York, N. Y. 

Home, Elsie R S. Georgia Normal School, Valdosta, Ga. 



1 9 14] List oj Members 11 

NAME ADDRESS 

Homer, Josephine W 22 N. Franklin St., Titusville, Pa. 

Hotchkin, Mrs. Alice M 24 Calumet St., Rochester, N. Y. 

Hotchkiss, Mrs. Irma H 714 Milburn St., Evanston, 111. 

Houghendobler, Margaret 31 N. Ninth St., Columbia, Pa. 

House, Mary E Gueydan, La. 

Housekeepers' Alliance . . Care of Lena Weld. .1355 Newton St., Washington, D. C. 

Housekeeping Experiment Station 28 Hoyt St., Stamford, Conn. 

Howard, Elizabeth J 32 Sharon Ave., Irvington, Newark, N. J. 

Howard, John R., Jr East Northfield, Mass. 

Howard, Maria W 298 Washington St., Wellesley HiUs, Mass. 

Howe, Amy 102 Waldron St., West Lafayette, Ind. 

Howe, Frederic W State Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Howe, Mary Box 1180, University, N. Dak. 

Huckel, B. Eugenie 231 Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hughes, Gwladys 292 Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hugo, Mrs. G. B 12 Zamora St., Jamaica Plains, Mass. 

Huhn, Mary E Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton, Pa. 

Hullinger, Myrtle 1102 S. Fountain Ave., Springfield, Ohio 

Hvmneman, Frances R 11 Mt. Pleasant Ave., Roxbury, Mass. 

Hunsicker, Agnes S 839 Hamilton Terrace, Baltimore, Md. 

Hunt, Agnes State Agricultural College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Hiuit, Caroline L 1432 R St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Huntington, S. Ella 187 Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hunton, Leila E 21 Gilmore St., Everett, Mass. 

Hutchinson, Alice Janet 1362 E. 54th St., Chicago, 111. 

Hyams, Isabel F 26 Wales St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Hyde, Mrs. Blanche E Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Ikleheimer, Minnie 117 E. 56th St., New York, N. Y. 

Ingersoll, Katherine Isabel Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111. 

Irvin, Anna 206 Beech St., Helena, Ark. 

Irvin, Mrs. Helen Brooks Howard University, Washington, D. C. 

Irwin, Ethel 512 W. 123d St., New York, N. Y. 

Israel, Henry 124 E. 28th St., New York, N. Y. 

Jacobs, Emma S 3509 nth St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Jacobson, Harriet C Mt. McGregor Sanitarium, Wilton, N. Y. 

James, Laura G Lake Erie College, Painsville, Ohio 

Jennings, Ellen Farm Journal, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Jennings, Leah 1222 W. Vine St., New Castle, Ind. 

Jessup, Harriet F Piermont, N. Y- 

Johnson, Alice A 115 S. 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Johnson, Althea 11 La Salle Place, New Orleans, La. 

Johnson, Helen Louise 234 Paddock St., Watertown, N. Y. 

Johnson, Mrs. Samuel 198 Randolph Ave., Milton, Mass. 

Johnstone, Lott 408 Wisconsin Ave., Holton, Kans. 

Jones, Adele M 301 Woodward Ave., Kalamazoo, Mich. 



12 Bulleiin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Jones, Grace E Carbondale, 111. 

Jones, Ida 1 1040 W. Edgeware Road, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Jones, Mrs. Nellie Kedzie Smoky Hill Farm, Aubumdale, Wis. 

Juniper, Anna B 704 Esquimalt Road, Victoria, B. C, Can. 

Keating, Harriet M 546 N. American St., Stockton, Cal. 

Keen, Charlotte 847 Trumbull Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Kehew, Mrs. Mary M 29-a Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. 

Keith, M. Helen 340 Nold Ave., Wooster, Ohio 

Kelley, Christmas Colfax, Wash. 

Kellogg, Mrs. J. H 202 Manchester St., Battle Creek, Mich. 

Kelton, Lucy Stedman Ingleside School, New Milford, Conn. 

Kemp, Lillian A Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Kemper, Mrs. Augusta H P. O. Box 68, University Station, Seattle, Wash. 

Kennedy, Margaret Agricultural College, Winnipeg, Man., Can. 

Kennick, Jeannie B Eliot Road, Newton, Mass. 

Kenny, C. Belle Quincy Mansion School, Wollaston, Mass. 

Kenway, Florence L 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Keys, Louesa J Alabama Girls Technical Institute, Montevallo, Ala. 

King, Lucy C 50 Vernon St., Taunton, Mass. 

King, Ora Waverly, N. Y. 

Kingsbury, Louise 46 Montgomery Place, Trenton, N. J. 

Kinne, Helen Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Kinne, Katherine Herkimer, N. Y. 

Kirk, Mrs. Alice G Cleveland, Ohio 

Kissell, Mary L University of California, Berkeley, Cal. 

Kittredge, Mabel H 62 Washington Square, New York, N. Y. 

Klaer, Edna 66 W. loth St., New York, N. Y. 

Knight, H. L 1420 Buchanan St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Knowles, Neale S Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Knowlton, Alice B 413 Church St., North Adams, Mass. 

Kober, George M 1819 Q St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Kohler, Mrs. A. R 426 Franklin St., Johnstown, Pa. 

Kraeger, Bertha E 701 S. Capitol St., Pekin, 111. 

Kugel, Daisy A 1008 8th St., Menomonie, Wis. 

Kuichling, Mrs. Emil 68 Irving Place, New York, N. Y. 

Kysor, Mabel 127 N. Third St., Newark, N. J. 

LaFollette, Mrs. Robert M 1864 Wyoming Ave., Washington, D. C. 

Laird, Annie L Bloor St. and North Drive, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Lake, Carrie 112 N. 2d St., Boise, Idaho 

Lambert, Amelia Ohio Valley General Hospital, Wheeling, W. Va. 

Lange, Elizabeth C State Normal School, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Langworthy, C. F Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Lathrop, Mrs. Helen B 71 Belmont St., Fall River, Mass. 

LeBaron, Margharetta M 1 147 Montana St., El Paso, Tex. 

Le Bosquet, Maurice 506 W. 69th St., Chicago, 111. 



1914I List of Members 13 

NAME ADDRESS 

Lee, Florence M College of Hawaii, Honolulu, T. H. 

Leeds, John B Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Leete, Bertina A i N. 5th St., Richmond, Va. 

LeFavour, Henry Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Leigh, Amy J.. S. Branch of State Normal, University of Utah, Cedar City, Utah 

Lemerick, Margaret C 4308 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Leonard, Elsie P Sanford Hall, Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Library, Normal School of ]\Ianual Arts and Home Economics. . Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Library, Providence Public Providence, R. I. 

Library, Roble Gymnasium Stanford University, Cal. 

Library, State University of Kentucky Lexington, Ky. 

Liggett, Ella M 73 Stimson Place, Detroit, Mich. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Mary J 204 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Lindsley, Mary 509 Honore St., Chicago, III. 

Little, Mabel C Sage College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Livingston, Mrs. George R. F. D., Columbus, Ohio 

Lloyd, Mary B 4714 Penn St., Frankford, Pa. 

Locke, Mrs. A. P 1025 H St., Lincoln, Nebr. 

Logan, Anna 3706 Telegraph Ave., Oakland, Cal. 

Long, Alma I State Normal College, Greensboro, N. C. 

Long, Jessie A Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Longeley, Gertrude 215 Francis St., Youngstown, Ohio 

Loomis, Alice M State Farm, Lincoln, Nebr. 

Loomis, Josephine M 190 Franklin St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Loomis, Mrs. Miriam N The Ludlow, Copley Square, Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Mrs. Frederick T 305 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Isabel Ely Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Loveall, H. Eleanor 612 East 9th St., Kansas City, Mo. 

Lovejoy, Sara C State College, Pa. 

Lundberg, M. G 35 Fiske St., Waltham, Mass. 

Lyford, Carrie A 305 North St., Normal, 111. 

Lyon, Carrie H 200 Dithridge St., Pittsburg, Pa. 

McAdam, Grace 156 Lathrop Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Mcbrair, Bessie Box 157, Rio Piedras, Porto Rico 

McCollin, Katharine Llanerck, Pa. 

McCormick, Mary G Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

McCullough, E. Grace Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. 

McCurdy, Emily F 1034 19th St., Rock Island, 111. 

McDanell, Louise 1286 Raymond Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

McDaniel, Annie M 1666 Park Road, Washington, D. C. 

MacDermaid, Mary 40 Berkeley St., Boston, Mass. 

MacDonald, Pearl Box 513, Wauwatosa, Wis. 

McDowell, Mabel C University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

McKay, Catherine J Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

McKay, Hughena 819 3d Ave., N. Fargo, N. Dak. 

McKean, Lou S 1454 E. Harrison Ave., Seattle, Wash. 



14 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Mackenzie, Agnes H Central High School, Detroit, Mich. 

McKeown, Matilda J Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

McKeown, Mrs. EUen Rushmore 365 St. John's Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

McKinley, Mae Manual Arts High School, Los Angeles, Cal. 

MacKubbin, Mary E 723 Wister St., Germantown, Pa. 

McLear, Alice B 15 Hillcrest Court, Berkeley, Cal. 

MacLeod, Grace Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

MacLeod, Sarah Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mackley, Helen Training School for Nurses, Waltham, Mass. 

MacmiUan, Miss M Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

MacmiUan, Nealina Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Madeira, Lucy 1330 19th St., Washington, D. C. 

Magee, Letitia L 505 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Manchester, Mrs. Melinda I Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Marlatt, Abby L Lathrop Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

Marlatt, Mrs. Frederick A Manhattan, Kans. 

Marshall, Grace 2317 Grandview Ave., Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Marshall, Ida 410 W. Jefferson Ave., Pittsburg, Kans. 

Marshall, Josephine 411 Main St., Burlington, Vt. 

Martin, Mrs. Clarence L 749 S. 2d St., Louisville, Ky. 

Martin, Helen Agnes 45 Waban St., Newton, Mass. 

Mason, Edith L Lancaster, Mass. 

Mason, Harriet The Ohio Farmer, Cleveland, Ohio 

Massee, Edith 144 N. 3d St., Hamilton, Ohio 

Mast, Mrs. Ethelda Davenport Nursery, Davenport, Iowa 

Matteson, Enmia B Sinmions College, Boston, Mass. 

Matthew, Mary A Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 

Matthews, Elizabeth State CoUege of Washington, Pullman, Wash. 

Maxwell, Mrs. A. E 702 W. Euclid St., Pittsburg, Kans. 

Mead, Mrs. Albert D 283 Wayland Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Mendel, Lafayette B 18 Trumbull St., New Haven, Conn. 

Meredith, Mrs. Virginia Cambridge City, Ind. 

Merillat, Margaret 2562 University Place, Washington, D. C. 

Metcalf, Martha 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Michael, Mrs. Myron J 44 Maiden Lane, Kingston, N. Y. 

Michel, Jennie 159 W. sth St., Dubuque, Iowa 

MiUer, Clara C 421 W. 114th St., New York, N. Y. 

MiUer, Pearl C State College, N. Mex. 

Minahan, Mrs. Mary 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Minot, James J 188 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

MitcheU, Margaret J 430 W. ii8th St., New York, N. Y. 

Monsch, Helen 520 E. 6th Ave., Gary, Ind. 

Montgomery, Mrs. F. W 104 E. Oilman St., Madison, Wis. 

Mooney, Marian J 604 E. Genesee St., Syracuse, N. Y. 

Moore, Jessie S Berea College, Berea, Ky. 

Moore, Mrs. Katherine D Ellis Memorial, 12 Carver St., Boston, Mass. 

Moore, Mrs. Mary A 60 Pembroke St., Newton, Mass. 



1914] List oj Members 15 

NAME ADDRESS 

Morgan, William Gerry The Rochambeau, Washington, D. C. 

Morison, Mary Peterborough, N. H. 

Morrell, Emrr.a J St. John's Collegiate Institute, Corbin, Ky. 

Morris, Natalie Dulce, N. Mex. 

Morton, Lola Eastern Illinois State Normal, Charleston, 111. 

Mull, Mrs. Beth Warner 1006 Market St., Emporia, Kan. 

Mulligan, Catherine A University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 

Murdock, Eliza Fox 141 W. 109th St., New York, N. Y. 

Murphy, Eda Lord 200 Columbia St., Milledgeville, Ga. 

Murphy, Mrs. Ruth M State Hospital, Bangor, Maine 

Murray, Charlotte Shaw University, Raleigh, N. C. 

Neave, Ella G. .• No. 16 The Roanoke, Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Nefif, Isabel H 420 W. ii8th St., New York, N. Y. 

Neil, Marion H 3603 Powelton Ave., West Philadelphia, Pa. 

Nellis, Carlotta S The Sanitorium, Otisville, N. Y. 

Nesbit, Orpha University Farm, Lincoln, Nebr. 

Nesbitt, Eleanor H iioo Lavaca St., Austin, Tex. 

Neville, Allene 583 Jarvis St., Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Nevin, Ethan A State Custodial Asylum, Newark, N. Y. 

Nichol, Margaret F Finney Hall, Caldwell, Idaho 

Nicholass, Louisa A State Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Nixson, Bertha L Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111. 

Noble, Miss H. G 432 Hoboken Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 

Norris, Miss H. T 1224 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Northiup, Miss LA 149 Princess St., St. John, N. B., Can. 

Norton, Mrs. Alice P 1326 E. s8th St., Chicago, 111. 

Nourse, Caroline E 52 Westminster Ave., Arlington Heights, Mass. 

NoweU, Elizabeth 1339 Tennessee St., Lawrence, Kan. 

Nutting, Adelaide Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

O'Brien, Mrs. Robert L 30 Upland Road, Brookline, Mass. 

Olsen, Anna M University Farm, Lincoln, Nebr. 

Olsen, Ethel 904 Brazos St., Austin, Tex. 

Osborne, Lucy A 145 Woodland St., Worcester, Mass. 

Osgood, Millie E Meriden Hospital, Meriden, Conn. 

Ott, Mrs. Charles H 444 Pennsylvania Ave., Waverly, N. Y. 

Pace, Homer S 60 Lincoln Ave., Ridgewood, N. J. 

Palmer, Clara B 6407 Dix St., Hollywood, Cal. 

Palmer, Cornelia University of Maine, Orono, Maine 

Palmer, Stella Montevallo, Ala. 

Pancake, Clara 11 19 Maxwell Ave., Boulder, Colo. 

Parker, Bessie L New Platz, N. Y. 

Parker, Clara M. W Hatfield House, Northampton, Mass. 

Parker, Mary E Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 

Parks, Isabel H St. Mary's School, Concord, N. H. 



1 6 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Parrish, Nellie, E Hackley Manual Training School, Muskegon, Mich. 

Parsons, Maude E ioio| California Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Patten, Mrs. H. E 12 13 Beacon St., Brookline, Mass. 

Patten, Simon N University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Patterson, EflSe Mt. Allison Ladies College, Sackville, N. B., Can. 

Patterson, Flora S 123 Church St., Stevens, Point, Wis. 

Patterson, Mrs. H. J College Park, Md. 

Patterson, Juliet C 144 Bowdoin St., Boston, Mass. 

Patterson, Martha Alabama Girls Technical School, Montevallo, Ala. 

Payne, MacGregor Memminger High School, Charleston, S. C. 

Peacock, Mary H Richmond, Ind. 

Peirson, Louise 314 E. Locust St., Bloomington, III. 

Pelleus, Myra C Box 214, Ellisville, Miss. 

Pendleton, Mrs. Marguerite Lake 1214 Fairmount Ave., Elizabeth, N. J. 

Penniman, Annie B Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Pennington, Clara E Dundas, Ont., Can. 

Pennoyer, N. A Kenosha, Wis. 

Pequignot, Mary B 26 Floyd St., Winthrop, Mass. 

Pett, Mrs. Clara G General Hospital, Winona, Minn. 

Pettit, Muriel M.I..' 738 Slater St., Santa Rosa, Cal. 

Phelps, Helen Garrett 521 Columbia St., Burlington, Iowa 

Phillips, Mrs. Jane P 1122 S. Walnut St., Spokane, Wash. 

Phillips, Julia Training School for Teachers, Cheyney, Pa. 

Piatt, Ida P.O. Box 194, Santa Monica, Cal. 

Pickett, Ethel B Ritch House, Silver City, N. Mex. 

Pierce, Lucy H 194 Daboll St., Providence, R. I. 

Pierson, Clementine M 2940 Gilbert Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Pincomb, Helena M 905 S. Busey St., Urbana, 111. 

Pirie, Emma 215 Ogden St., San Antonio, Tex. 

Pitcher, Charles A Kings Park, N. Y. 

Pitner, Ina K 817 W. 28th St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Poorman, Amy East Auburn, Cal. 

Pope, Ethel Florence, Colo. 

Pope, Lena M 715 6th Ave., S. E., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Porter, Grace E Perkins Institute, Watertown, Mass. 

Porter, Mattie 412 N. 8th St., St. Joseph, Mo. 

Powell, Louise M University Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Pratt, Caroline D Hampton, Va. 

Pratt, Mrs. George D 245 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Pray, Florence A 2518 S. Colorado St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Preble, Grace R loi Waverly Place, New York, N. Y. 

Prentiss, Bertha C Care of Supt. of Schools, Berkeley, Cal. 

Prescott, Mrs. C. H., Jr 1624 Hazel Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 

Pribnow, Henrietta A Mellen, Wis. 

Pringle, Anna 1 116 Quebec St., Guelph, Can. 

Procter, Margaret A Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 

Proudfit, Fairfax T 1 119 Peabody Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 



1914] List of Members 17 

NAME ADDRESS 

Pulsifer, Miss C. E 533 N. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J. 

Pulsifer, Julia 6 Hamilton Ave., Auburn, N. Y. 

Purser, Mrs. John R 2001 South Blvd., Charlotte, N. C. 

Putnam, George A Parliament Building, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Putnam, Helen C Rhode Island Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Quick, May 32 S. Main St., Adrian, Mich. 

Quirm, Mary J Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Race, Effie J 305 Lockwood Place, Jacksonville, 111. 

Raitt, Effie 1 1405 E. 56th St., Seattle, Wash. 

Rambo, Jessie E West Texas State Normal School, Canyon, Tex. 

Randall, Edna M 498 Franklin St., Athens, Ga. 

Randall, Elizabeth C 1903 W. End Ave., Nashville, Tenn. 

Randall, L. Marguerite Brawley, Imperial Valley, Cal. 

Rausch, Mary F 24 Hamilton Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y. 

Raven, Pauline E 123 E. North St., Warrensburg, Mo. 

Ravenhill, Alice. . . Chrachveattle, Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island, B. C, Can. 

Ray, Irma S 811 Spruce St., Kansas City, Mo. 

Raymond, Mrs. H. E Hotel Vendome, Boston, Mass. 

Raymond, Mrs. Isaac S Sidney, 111. 

Read, Mary L 59 W. 96th St., New York, N. Y. 

Reed, Mabel 209 Dryden Road, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Reed, Ruth L 1750 W. Congress St., Chicago, 111. 

Rees, Mrs. Mabel L 39 Winthrop St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Reeves, Inez E City Hospital, Blackwell's Island, New York, N. Y. 

Rendall, Jean Frances 162 Bowers St., Jersey City, N. J. 

Renn, Eliza L 490 N. Raymond St., Pasadena, Cal. 

Rice, Marjorie 236 Waban Ave., Waban, Mass. 

Rice, Susy D Berkshire School, Sheffield, Mass. 

Rich, Ednah A Hotel Arlington, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Richards, R. H . . . 32 Eliot St., Jamaica Plains, Mass. 

Richardson, Anna E University of Texas, Austin, Tex. 

Richeson, Virginia C P. O. Box 866, East Lansing, Mich. 

Rider, Mrs. Grace Godfrey Grand- View-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Rinaker, Harriet B 908 Nevada St., Urbana, 111. 

Robbins, Mrs. Lulie 530 S. 6th St., Springfield, 111. 

Robbins, Mary 306 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Roberts, Miss Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Robertson, James W Box 540 Ottawa, Ont., Can. 

Robie, Mary K., Brooklyn Hospital, DeKalb Ave. & Raymond St. Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Robins, Mrs. Margaret D 1437 W. Ohio St., Chicago, 111. 

Robinson, Eva R University of South Dakota, Vermillion, S. Dak. 

Rodgers, Mrs. Clara S R. R. 1 1, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Rollins, Elizabeth S. P 15 Tappan St., Roslindale, Mass. 

Root, Kathryn H 39 Broad St., Stamford, Conn. 

Rose, Flora 81 1 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. 



1 8 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Rose, Lorena Kalamazoo State Hospital, Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Rose, Mrs. Mary D. S 449 W. 1 23d St., New York, N. Y. 

Ross, Lena Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 

Ross, Margaret G 130 W. Laurel St., Fort Collins, Colo. 

Ross, Sarah G Miller Hall, 1 18 Gushing St., Providence, R. I. 

Ross, Sarah H Spokane, Wash. 

Rothermel, Elizabeth University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 

Rothwell, Mrs. Bessie B 383 W. Canfield Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Rothwell, Mrs. Henrietta G Sunnyslope, North Hill, Needham, Mass. 

Rugg, Mrs. Bertha M 711 W. California Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Rugg, Ellen Marshall 1813 Newton St., Washington, D. C. 

Ruggles, Anne Reed St. Mary's School, KnoxviUe, 111. 

Rulon, Phoebe D 7 Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Russell, Martha M., Sloane Maternity Hospital, 447 W. 59th St., New York, N. Y. 

Ruste, Meta Charles City, Iowa 

Rutherford, Anna Box C, Traverse City, Mich. 

Ryley, Violet M University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Sabin, Ellen C Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Sachs, Julius Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Safford, Bertha 50 Nevins St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Sage, Elizabeth 409 N. Indiana Ave., Bloomington, Ind. 

Sale, S. Frances Normal School, Harrisonburg, Va. 

Sanborn, Gertrude 150 Bay St., Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Saxton, Elizabeth W 1347 Harvard St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Schermerhom, Grace Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Schiffer, Josephine 1204 Delaware Ave., Wilmington, Del. 

Schnuck, Wilhelmina 76 Jewett St., Ansonia, Conn. 

Schroeder, Olga F 119 Fremont St., N. Tonawanda, N. Y. 

Schuh, Mrs. Florence A 715 Fairmont St., Washington, D. C. 

Schuyler, Helen Van A National Park Seminary, Forest Glen, Md. 

Secrest, May San Luis Obispo, Cal. 

See, Helene M 6503 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Seller, Alice F American University Park, Washington, D. C. 

Shailer, Mrs. Wm. G 252 W. 76th St., New York, N. Y. 

Shapleigh, Bertha E Teachers College, New York, N. Y. 

Shaw, Carolina N Denison House, 93 Tyler St., Boston, Mass. 

Shaw, Mrs. Julia W Ardwick, Md. 

Sheffield, Mrs. Wm. Paine 6 Cottage St., Newport, R. I. 

Shepard, Anna U 501 W. 1 23d St., New York, N. Y. 

Shepperd, J. L University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Sherman, Henry C Columbia University, New York, N. Y. 

Sherman, Mrs. H. C Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Shilling, Ida M State Normal School, Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Shissler, Miss V 134 McDougall Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Siebert, Gertrude 131 W. Wayne St., Butler, Pa. 

Siemon, Lida 2200 Parkway, Bakerfield, Cal. 



1914] List of Members 19 

NAME ADDRESS 

Simon, Cornelia E Box 6, Miller School, Va. 

Simpson, Frances N. H. Normal School, Plymouth, N. H. 

Skiff, Marion P. O. Drawer 387, Cleveland, Ohio 

Skinner, Mrs. Lida F 1817 S. Flower St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Slaght, Mrs. Elizabeth 221 Mt. Vernon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Sloan, M. Josephine 420 W. 121st St., New York, N. Y. 

Small, Mary E. L 294 Hudson St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Smedley, Emma 6 E. Front St., Media, Pa. 

SmeUie, Miss M., Macdonald Hall, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph,Ont., Can. 

Smith, Anna E State Normal School, St. Cloud, Minn. 

Smith, Bertha S 107 N. 47th St., Seattle, Wash. 

Smith, Elizabeth H 3435 Campbell St., Kansas City, Mo. 

Smith, Gertrude M 223 Lyon St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Smith, Laura A 823 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Smith, Lilie C Brookline High School, Brookline, Mass. 

Smith, Mrs. O. I State Hospital, Fergus Falls, Minn. 

Smith, Sybil L Johnston Hall, Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Snell, J. F Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Snell, Mrs. J. F Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Snow, Jennie H Chicago Normal College, Stewart and 68th St., Chicago, 111. 

Snow, Mary S. Intercollegiate Bureau of Occupation, 

38 W. 3 2d St., New York, N. Y. 

Synder, Jane 4318 loth Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash. 

Southard, Lydia 1230 Amsterdan Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Southwick, M. Aura 319 S. Michigan St., Plymouth, Ind. 

Spalding, Mary William Smith College, Geneva, N. Y. 

Speer, Editha Lou Asheville, N. C. 

Spellmeyer, Verona 329 W. 31st St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Spooner, Ella J Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Spring, Helen Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Stahl, Florence 239 Orchard St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Stancill, Sarah K Sehna, N. C. 

Stanley, Louise Gordon Hotel Building, Columbia, Mo. 

Stannard, Mrs. Margaret 19 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. 

Stavers, Mildred E 429 N. St. Louis Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Stephens, Rhoda M 515 Nebraska St., Sioux City, Iowa 

Stevens, Grace E 914 California Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Stevens, Mrs. O. H 32 Pleasant St., Marlboro, Mass. 

Stevenson, Bertha 69 Bedford St., Boston, Mass. 

Stewart, Frances E 414 N. Normal Parkway, Chicago, III. 

Stewart, Gwendolyn 13 18 de la Vina St., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Stewart, Isabel L New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn. 

Stewart, Mildred P Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Stickney, Delia M 50 Lawrence St., Danvers, Mass. 

Stiles, Margaret Spokane Bridge, Wash. 

Stocking, Mar>' B 86 Charles St., Boston, Mass. 

Slocking, Mary B 1323 Girard Ave., Washington, D. C. 



20 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Stone, Abbie Coleman Apartments, RicQey Park, Pa. 

Stoner, Minna A Agricultural College, N. Dak. 

Stoody, Bess L 1754 M St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Strong, Mrs. A. Gilchrist 265 W. McMillan St., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Strong, Eunice E 32 Ashland St., New Bedford, Mass. 

Stryker, Adelaide B 324 West End Ave., New York, N. Y. 

Studley, Lucy A 105 Market St., Rockland, Mass. 

Sutherland, Isabel 21 Rose Ave., Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Sutton, Mrs. Selena R King's County Hospital, New York, N. Y. 

Swain, Frances 5716 Madison Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Swenson, Sadie College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Sykes, Carol Scranton, Pa . 

Taber, Mae Augusta 439 W. 6th St., Plainfield, N. J. 

Tainter, Grace 556 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Talbot, Marion Green Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Taylor, Ellen 414 Hamilton Ave., Norfolk, Va. 

Taylor, John Lewis Dane Hall, Cambridge, Mass. 

Telford, Mrs. Emma Paddock Edgewood Lane, Palisade, N. J. 

Tennant, Ethel J University Residence, Saskatoon, Sask., Can. 

Terrill, Bertha M Grassmount, Burlington, Vt. 

Terry, Miss University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 

Thomas, Lucy A 1109 Oak St., Oakland, Cal. 

Thompson, Annie Technical Normal School, Chicago, 111. 

Thompson, Christiana M. 

Washington Irving High School, 40 Irving Place, New York, N. Y. 

Thompson, Miss E. B 78 Whalley Ave., New Haven, Conn. 

Thompson, Helen B Durham, N. H. 

TifiFany, E., Ruth 3409 Brown St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Tingle, Lilian E 187 E. 15th St., Portland, Ore. 

Titsworth, Bertha E Alfred, N. Y. 

Torrey, Brittania Everett, Wash. 

Tough, Mary South Dakota State College, Brookings, S. Dak. 

Townsend, Mary L Cedar Falls, Iowa 

Tracy, Harriet Box 799, Eureka, Cal. 

Treat, Nola Decatur, 111. 

Treganza, Alice iiio N. Prairie St., Bloomington, 111. 

Trenhobn, M. DeG 540 E. 76th St., New York, N. Y. 

Trimble, M. Lillian 6104 Kenwood Ave., Chicago, 111. 

Trowbridge, Eleanor E Peace Dale, R. I. 

Tudor, Mrs. C. W Oxford, Ohio 

Turner, Annabell 200 S. Mills St., Madison, Wis. 

Turner, Julia E Smith College, Northampton, Mass. 

Turner, Louise Gifford 1400 Laurel Ave., KnoxviUe, Tenn. 

Turner, Mrs. WiUiam L 550 Mitchell Ave., Avondale, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Tuttle, Mary Louisa Pratt Institute, Brookljoi, N. Y. 

Tutton, Mabel A 140 York St., Buffalo, N. Y. 



1 9 14] ^w/ of Members 21 

NAME ADDRESS 

Tweedy, Mrs. Hilda 11706 Kelton Ave., N. E., Cleveland, Ohio 

Twiss, Fannie A Collegiate Institute, Gait, Can. 

Usher, Susannah 9 Kirkland Place, Cambridge, Mass. 

VaU, Mary B MiUs College P. O., Cal. 

Van Arsdale, May B .' 457 W. 1 23d St., New York, N. Y. 

Van Deusen, Myrtie Clark Kirksville, Mo. 

Vandivert, Bessie 5073 i6th Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash. 

Van Heyson, Miss J Donova, Pa. 

Van Liew, Marion S 119 Lancaster St., Albany, N. Y. 

Van Meter, Anna R 229 isth St., Columbus, Ohio 

Van Rensselaer, Martha 811 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Van Zile, Mrs. Mary P Manhattan, Kans. 

Vinton, Ellen A 2508 Cliffboume Place, Washington, D. C. 

von Kaas, Rebecca 904 Brazos St., Austin, Tex. 

Wagner, Mrs. Wm. M 1310 S. 47th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Walker, Lula V 706 High St., Farmville, Va. 

Walker, Ruth 612 W, McGraw St., Seattle, Wash. 

Ward, Anna L Box 575, Waterbury, Conn. 

Ward, May 138 E. 4th North St., Provo, Utah 

Wardall, Ruth A State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 

Warren, Florence E R. F. D. 2, Box 109 C, San Diego, Cal. 

Waters, Christine 501 W. 1 23d St., New York, N. Y. 

Watson, Mary Urie Macdonald Institute, Guelph, Can. 

Way, Charlotte, M Rockford College, Rockford, 111. 

Webb, Gertrude Duval High School, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Webster, Mrs. Grace H 452 Rosljoi Place, Chicago, 111. 

Webster, Mrs. Lorin Holdemess School, Plymouth, N. H. 

Weer, Letitia E 310 E. 22d St., Baltimore, Md. 

Weigley, Mildred 419 College Ave., DeKalb, 111. 

Weimer, Corabel 128 N. Locust St., Denton, Tex. 

Weirick, Miss Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Weld, Emma S 910 French St., Santa Ana, Cal. 

Wellman, Mabel T Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. 

WeUs, Effie P Pearson's HaU, Middlebury, Vt. 

Wells, Florence E 1023 Madison St., Saginaw, W. S., Mich. 

Wheeler, Ruth 808 Oregon St., Urbana, 111. 

Whitaker, Mrs. Alice E 13 Cliff St., Southbridge, Mass. 

Whitaker, Sarah B 25 Henshaw Ave., Northampton, Mass. 

Whitcomb, Frank H Himtington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Whitcomb, Harriet Bishopthorpe Manor, South Bethlehem, Pa. 

White, Edna N Hayes Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 

White, Miss G. L 518 E. State St., Ithaca, N. Y. 

White, Marian McKinley Manual Traming School, Washington, D. C. 

White, Mary A 319 Tappan St., Brookline, Mass. 



32 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [March 

NAME ADDRESS 

Whitmore, Mrs. W. G Valley, Douglas Co., Nebr. 

Whitney, Jennie 401 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Whittem, Mrs. EUen Huntington 9 Vincent Place, Cambridge, Mass. 

Whittemore, Henry Framingham Normal School, Framingham, Mass. 

Widtsoe, Mrs. Leah D Utah Agricultural College, Logan, Utah 

Wilcox, Alice W 46 Summer St., St. Johnsbury, Vt. 

Wile, Ira S 230 W. 97th St., New York, N. Y. 

Wiley, Mrs. Harvey W 1848 Biltmore St., Washington, D. C. 

Wilkie, Grace 734 S. Topeka, Wichita, Kans. 

Wilkinson, Eleanor 821 17th St., Greeley, Colo. 

Willard, Florence 16 Mead Ave., Passaic, N. J. 

Willett, Ethel High School, Jersey City, N. J. 

Williams, Mrs. Ada B 7619 Lexington Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 

Williams, Edith C Lasell Seminary, Aubumdale, Mass. 

Williams, Grace I Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

WiUams, Mary C Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 111. 

Wihnot, Mrs. Grace 68 Montague St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Wilson, Louise 629 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Wilson, Sarah M 5300 Media St., West Philadelphia, Pa. 

Wilson, Wm. A 417 Commercial Bank, Houston, Tex. 

Winchell, Cora M 176 Elm St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Winchell, Florence 176 Ehn St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Winslow, Mrs. Anne R 411 West 114th St., New York, N. Y. 

Winslow, Emma A 521 W. i22d St., New York, N. Y. 

Wolcott, Virginia 1025 Grant Ave., Rockford, 111. 

Wood, Angeline Alfred, N. Y. 

Wood, Mrs. May J 509 W. Broadway, Sedalia, Mo. 

Wooldridge, Ethel G 180 Bellevue Ave., Melrose, Mass. 

Woolman, Mrs. Mary Schenck Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Worms, Jessie 895 Hackett Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Worthington, Mrs. Mary S Roslyn, Long Island, N. Y. 

Wright, Ethel A Box 596, New Platz, N. Y. 

Wright, Mary 1328 Orthodox St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Young, Mrs. Annie H 428 Allen St., Owensboro, Ky. 

Young, Eva L 302 Summerlin Ave., Orlando, Fla. 




BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Roland Park Branch, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 2 JUNE, 19 14 No. 2 

ANNUAL MEETING 

WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, CLEVELAND, OHIO 

June 30— July 3, 1914 

PROGRAM 

General Announcement 

This meeting has a double purpose. It presents a program of 
addresses as a basis for discussion, but it also makes possible the con- 
ferences of several groups, each of which is especially interested in 
some specific topic. To this end the general addresses and discussions 
will occupy the mornings, and the more formal addresses will occur 
in the evenings, while the afternoons wili be given either to conferences, 
planned and announced in advance, or to excursions. 

At the meeting Tuesday afternoon, June 30, the Chairmen of these 
conferences will be announced, and further announcements at the 
opening of each morning program wiil set forth the opportunities of 
the day. It is hoped that teachers and others who are interested in 
any specific subject will thus find ample opportunity for the exchange 
of views and that the conferences will become more serviceable than 
the prepared papers of an ordinary program. 

Note: All meetings will be held in the Florence Harkness Chapel 
unless otherwise announced. 



2 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [June 

Tuesday, June 30 ..^ A / ^ 
lo.oo a.m. Meeting of the Council ^ Pv^ 

2.00 p.m. President's Greeting , ' 

Address of Welcome, Miss Mary E. Parker, Head of the 
Department of Household Administration, Western 
Reserve University 
Reports of Committees 

Appointments of Heads of Conferences and Announce- 
ments 
Note : The Conference of Housekeepers will be opened and 
addressed by Miss Mary F. Rausch, University of Wash- 
ington, Seattle. 
8.00 p.m. Brief Organ Recital, Professor Charles E. Clemens, Uni- 
versity Organist 
Shall the Family be Preserved? Dr. Charles F. Thwing, 

President of Western Reserve University 
Reception to the members of the Association and their 
friends, by President and Mrs. Thwing, at the Presi- 
dent's House *- , 

Wednesday, July 1 
9.30 a.m. Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, Editor of the Journal of Home 

Economics, presiding 
The Consulting Housekeeper, Miss Emma A. Winslow, 

Teachers College, Columbia University 
The Visiting Housekeeper in Rural Districts, Mrs. Jane 

Dunlap, formerly President Illinois State Farmers' 

Institutes 
Buying for the Household, Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, 

Teachers College, Columbia University 
Teaching Children to Spend, Miss Helen Louise Johnson, 

Chairman Home Economics Department, General Fed- 
eration of Women 's Clubs 
Luncheon, with roll call, Guilford House 
2.00 p.m. Conferences or Excursions 
4.00 p.m. Automobile Drive 
8.00 p.m. Dr. J. E. Cutler, Professor of Sociology, Western Reserve 

University, will preside and will present the subject of 

the evening. 
Community Housekeeping 
Municipal Housekeeping, Miss Mildred Chadsey, Chief 

Inspector, Department of Public Welfare, Division of 

Health, Cleveland 
The Tenement-Housekeeper, Miss Frances Stern, Visiting 

Agent of the Boston Provident Association 



iiifflGi'.iia'X 



1 9 14] Annual Meeting 3 

Thursday, July 2 

9.30 a.m. Miss Lord presiding 

Art in the Hofne, Miss Annette J. Warner, Cornell Uni- 
versity 

Educational Effort in Municipal Food Control, Miss Laura 
A. Cauble, Bureau of Food Supplies, Association for the 
Improvement of the Condition of the Poor, New York 
City 

Household Science and Household Art as presented in our 
Schools and Colleges 

(Brief accounts of the topics now requiring emphasis in the program of the 
different institutions teaching household science and art. The institutions 
represented at the meeting will report.) 

Business meeting. Miss Arnold presiding 
Report of the Committee on the Revision of the Consti- 
tution, Professor William Morse Cole, Harvard Uni- 
versity, Chairman 
Discussion of the Constitution and the future of the 
Association 
12.00 m.-2 p.m. Election of Officers 
2.00 p.m. Conferences or Excursions 

4.00 p.m. Reception to members of the Association and their friends 
by the College Club at the Club House, 1958 East 93d 
Street 
8.00 p.m. Miss Isabel Bevier, University of IlHnois, presiding 

President 's Address, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Simmons 

College 
Present Problems in Home Economics, Dr. David Snedden 
Commissioner of Education in Massachusetts 

Friday, July 3 

9.30 a.m. Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell University, pre- 
siding 

Extension Teaching in Louisiana, Miss Elizabeth Kelley, 
University of Louisiana 

The Visiting Teacher in the Farm Home, Miss Mildred M. 
Veitch, Agricultural College, North Dakota 

Home Industries for the Country Girl, Mrs. Jane Q. Mc- 
Kimmon, Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Work, 
North Carolina 

Latest Developments at Cornell, Miss Martha Van Rensse- 
laer, Cornell University, Ithaca 

Report from Lake Placid 
3.00 p.m. Meeting of the Council 



4 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [June 

OFFICERS 
President 

Sarah Louise Arnold Dean Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Vice-Presidents 

Martha Van Rensselaer Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Abbie L. Marlatt University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

Benjamin R, Andrews, 

Teachers ' College, Columbia University, New York City 

Secretary 
Isabel Ely Lord Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Treasurer 

C. F. Langworthy 1604 Seventeenth Street, Washington, D. C. 

Executive Committee 

The OflEicers, and Isabel Bevier, Helen Kinne, Ahce P. Norton, Ade- 
laide Nutting, Mary Pierce Van Zile 

Members of Council 

Mary Hinman Abel Baltimore, Md. 

William Morse Cole Harvard University 

AHce P. Norton University of Chicago 

Henry T. Sherman Columbia University 

Ellen C. Sabin Milwaukee-Downer College 

Josephine T. Berry University Farm, St. Paul. Minn. 

Mary E. Gearing University of Texas, Austin 

Helen Kinne Teachers ' College, New York 

Catharine A. Mulligan University of Tennessee, Knoxville 

Geo. A. Putnam Department of Agriculture, Toronto 

Adelaide Nutting Teachers' College, New York 

Marion Talbot University of Chicago 

Mary U. Watson Macdonald Institute, Guelph, Ontario 

Ednah A. Rich Normal School, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

CaroHne L. Hunt Washington, D. C. 

Ellen Huntington Whittem Cambridge, Mass. 

Katherine McKay Iowa Agricultural College, Ames 

Louise Stanley University of Missouri, Columbia 

Mary Louise Tuttle Pratt Institute, Brooklyn 

Mary P. Van Zile Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan 

Isabel Bevier University of Illinois, Urbana 

A. C. True U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington 

Agnes Harris Florida State College, Tallahassee 

Lilla A. Harkins Montana State College, Bozeman 

Bertha N. Terrill University of Vermont, BurHngton 



BULLETIN 

OT THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Roland Park Branch, Baltimore. Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 2 SEPTEMBER, 1914 No. 3 

CONSTITUTION OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Adopted July 2, igi4 
Article I 

NAME 

The name of this organization shall be the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association. 

Article II 

OBJECT 

1. The object of this Association shall be to improve the condi- 
tions of living in the home, the institutional household, and the 
community. 

2. Specifically this Association shall aim to advance its purpose: 
By the study of problems connected with the household; 

By furthering the recognition in the curricula of schools and col- 
leges of subjects related to the home; 

By securing the establishment and standardization of professional 
instruction for teachers, and for home, institutional, social and mu- 
nicipal workers; 

By encouraging and aiding investigations and research in univer- 
sities and through State and Federal governments; 

By publications professional and popular, and by meetings local 
and national, that knowledge may be increased, and especially that 
public opinion may be guided and advancement made secure by legis- 
lative enactment. 

89 



30 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

Article III 

MEMBERSHIP 

All who are interested in home problems are eligible to membership 
in the Association. 

Article IV 

OFFICERS 

1. The officers shall consist of a president, three vice-presidents, 
a secretary, a treasurer, a Council, and an executive committee. 

2. The president shall be elected by the Council from their num- 
ber at the time of the annual meeting, and shall serve until the close 
of the annual meeting at which a successor is elected. 

3. One vice-president to serve for three years shall be elected by 
the Association at each annual meeting, and shall serve until the 
close of the annual meeting at which a successor is elected. 

4. A secretary and a treasurer shall be appointed by the Council 
at the time of the annual meeting, and shall serve until the close of 
the annual meeting at which successors are appointed. 

5. Five councilors shall be elected by the Association at the annual 
meeting and shall serve until the close of the fifth annual meeting 
after their election. 

6. The Council shall consist of four classes of members: (i) the 
president, the three vice-presidents, the secretary and the treasurer 
ex-oflBcio; (2) twenty-five councilors-at-large, elected by the Associa- 
tion; (3) representative councilors, each of whom shall represent 
and be chosen by an affiliated society, to serve at the pleasure of that 
society; (4) the chairman of each section of the Association; and 
(5) the editor of the Journal of the Association. 

7. The executive committee shall consist of the six elected officers, 
the retiring president, and five councilors-at-large designated by 
the Council, from its membership, and the members shall serve 
until the close of the annual meeting following their selection. 

Article V 

MEETINGS 

There shall be an annual meeting of the Association at such time 
and place as the Council shall determine, but such meeting of the 
Association shall not be called so as to terminate the tenure of any 



^^A<';iatiofi 



1914I Constitution 31 

office filled under Article IV oftener than twice in any calendar year, 
or three times in any two calendar years, or less often than once in 
any nineteen months and twice in any thirty-one months. 

Article VI 

SECTIONS OF THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

1. Sections may be organized on the approval of the Council. 
Each section shall have its officers, consisting of a chairman, a secre- 
tary, a treasurer, and such other officers and committees as the section 
shall from time to time authorize. Each section shall have control 
of any funds that it may raise independent of membership dues in 
the Association, but these funds shall be deposited in the Association 
treasury and drawn upon by the section. An annual report of the 
work of the section, which shall include a statement of receipts and 
expenditures, shall be made to the Association. 

2. Sections shall be represented on the Council of the American 
Home Economics Association by their chairmen. 

3. The Council shall provide opportunity on the program of the an- 
nual meeting for section meetings, shall print in its publications reports 
of the proceedings of sections, and shall provide from the funds of 
the Association such appropriations, towards the work of the sections, 
as the By-laws may require, and the funds may permit. 

Article VII 

JOURNAL 

The Association shall issue a professional journal of which the title, 
the copyrights, and the goodwill shall vest in the Association. 

Article VIII 

AMENDMENTS 

This constitution may be amended by a vote of two-thirds of the 
members present at any annual meeting, provided that notice of 
the proposed amendment be given in due form at the preceding 
annual meeting or by mail to all members one month previous to 
the annual meeting at which it is to be voted on. 



32 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

BY-LAWS 
Article I 

ELECTIONS 

1. The nominating committee for each annual meeting shall 
be appointed by the Council at the beginning of the meeting. It 
shall consist of five persons present at that meeting, not more than two 
of whom shall be members of the Council. 

Such committee shall present at least one nomination for each 
elected oflBce publicly to the Association at least twenty-four hours 
before the election. Ballots shall be provided, with one blank space 
for each office, and any name written in this space on a ballot cast 
shall be counted as a vote. 

2. Elections shall be by majority of votes cast. 

Article II 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS 

Sec. I. The president, the vice-presidents, the secretary, and 
the treasurer, shall have the duties usually pertaining to their offices. 
The president shall be chairman of the Council and shall appoint 
committees as directed by the Council or the Association. 

Sec. II. (i) The treasurer shall submit annual reports of re- 
ceipts and expenditures, with vouchers, but money shall be paid 
only on the order of the chairman of the finance committee. 

(2) The secretary shall preserve the records of the Association; 
shall maintain at the office of the Association, or other designated 
place, a library of books and pamphlets and other material relating 
to the field of the Association; shall endeavor to increase the mem- 
bership of the Association, and shall develop its relations with affili- 
ated societies. 

Sec. III. (i) The Council shall hold such meetings as the presi- 
dent may call, shall meet one day before the annual meeting and 
shall continue in session as necessary thereafter. 

(2) It shall manage the business of the Association and shall ad- 
minister the property of the Association. It shall elect the president, 
secretary and treasurer of the Association and shall appoint com- 
mittees. It shall fill such vacancies in office as may occur between 
annual meetings. 



19 14] By-Laws 33 

(3) It shall elect from its membership the five members who, with 
the president, vice-presidents, secretary and treasurer form the 
executive committee. 

(4) It may fill for the year any vacancies which may occur in its 
membership. 

(5) It shall transact business by correspondence between meetings, 
and the secretary shall send minutes of all meetings to all members. 

(6) Ten members shall constitute a quonrni. 

Sec. IV. (i) The executive committee shall perform such duties 
as shall be delegated to it by the Council. 

(2) A meeting of this committee may be called at any time by the 
president of the Association and shall be called upon the request 
of any three members of the committee. 

(3) Four members shall constitute a quorum. 

Article III 

MEMBERSHIP 

Sec. I. Anyone may become a member upon payment of the 
necessary dues. 

Members shall be of six classes: 

(i) Associate — who shall pay one dollar and shall have temporary 
membership for the sessions of one annual meeting, but shall have 
no voting privileges; 

(2) Active — who shall pay dues of two dollars, shall receive all 
bulletins, and shall have voting privileges; 

(3) Sustaining — who shall pay four or more dollars (at their option) 
annually, shall receive copies of all professional periodicals of the 
Association, and shall have voting privileges; 

(4) Life — who have made payment of fifty dollars; 

(5) Patron — who have contributed one thousand dollars; 

(6) Honorary — whom the Association has honored for exceptional 
service in any lines of work for which the Association stands. 

Sec. II. (i) Affiliated Societies. — State or other local Home 
Economics organizations affiliating with the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association shall include in their constitution the following 
statements: "The object of this organization is the same as that 
of the American Home Economics Association, as stated in its con- 
stitution. Article II. In addition, this association wishes to devote 
itself more specifically to the problems of Home Economics as they 



34 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

develop in its local field." Each such association is entitled to a 
representative on the council, chosen by the association, from mem- 
bers of the American Home Economics Association. 

The Association extends to other local clubs and societies many of 
the advantages of membership through the choice of a local member 
to represent unofl&cially the local club; such local member must be 
or become a regular member of the Association, but no special or 
representative privileges attach to such membership. 

(2) Allied Societies. — Any organization interested in objects al- 
lied to those with which the American Home Economics Association 
is concerned, though with a different emphasis, such as Housing 
Associations, District Nursing Associations, or the Grange, may send 
delegates to the meetings of this Association, and such delegates will 
be extended the courtesies of the meetings, but they shall not have 
voting privileges. 

Article IV 

COMMITTEES 

A finance committee, an Editorial Board and other necessary 
standing committees shall be appointed by the Council and each 
standing committee shall perform any work in its field that may be 
assigned to it by the Council or executive committee. Each stand- 
ing committee shall report at the annual meeting, or from time to 
time, as seems advisable. At each annual meeting the Council shall 
review all committees, and shall discharge, reappoint, or change them. 

Article V 

SECTIONS 

1. As a means of carrying out Article VI of the constitution, 
the Association shall publish in its journal, for the sections, such 
reports, including papers or discussions, of section meetings as the 
executive committee of such sections shall request; provided no 
section shall be granted, except by vote of the Editorial Board, space 
in the journal out of proportion to the importance of its work and 
the size of its membership. 

2. When a section meeting is held independently of the meetings 
of the Association, the treasurer of the section may collect, for the 
treasurer of the Association, the annual dues and contributions of 



igi4l Minutes of Council Meeting 35 

members attending the meetings of such section; and such collections 
shall be reported to the treasurer of the Association and transmitted 
to him within one week from the close of such section meetings. 

3. Sections shall confine their voting membership to members 
of the Association, but executive committees of sections may pro- 
vide special assessments and registration fees as requirements for 
enrollment and attendance at section meetings. The Association 
and sections shall cooperate financially for mutual advantage, each 
so far as possible assisting the other in furthering the interests of both. 

Article VI 

AMENDMENTS 

These by-laws may be amended by a vote of two-thirds of the 
members present at any meeting, provided that notice of the pro- 
posed amendment be given in due form at least one month in advance. 

Article VII 
Business shall be conducted according to Robert's Rules of Order. 



MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE COUNCIL OF THE 
AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Tuesday, June jo, 10 a.m. 

Present: Sarah Louise Arnold, Benjamin R. Andrews, C. F. Langworthy, 
Isabel Bevier, Mary Pierce Van Zile, Mary Hinman Abel, Caroline L. Hunt, 
Katherine McKay, Isabel Ely Lord, and (as guests) Helen Louise Johnson and 
Keturah Baldwin. 

The minutes of the last meeting, having been published, were omitted. The 
report of the meeting of the Executive Committee on May 2, 1914, was read. 

Miss Arnold presented as the main subject for discussion of the Council during 
the annual meeting the plans for the future organization of the Association and the 
discussion of its income, including the Richards Fund. She then appointed the 
Committee on Audit: Mr. Frank H. Whitcomb, Mrs. Alice P. Norton, and the 
Committee on Resolutions: Miss Isabel Bevier, Miss Helen Louise Johnson, Miss 
Agnes Harris. 

The subject of reconsideration of the 1915 meeting was ne.xt brought up, and 
Miss Arnold appointed as a special committee on that subject, to report direct to 
the Association, Dr. B. R. Andrews, Mrs. Mary P. Van Zile, Miss Helen Louise 
Johnson, Dr. C. F. Langworthy. 

The rest of the session was spent in detailed discussion of the future organization 
of the Association. Adjourned. 



36 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [September 

Tuesday, June 30, 5 p.m. 

The report of the Treasurer was read to the Council and there was further dis- 
cussion on the future organization. 

Wednesday, July i, 2 p.m. 

Present: Sarah Louise Arnold, Martha Van Rensselaer, Benjamin R. Andrews, 
C. F. Langworthy, Isabel Bevier, Alice P. Norton, Mary P. Van Zile, Mary Hin- 
man Abel, Katherine McKay, Louise Stanley, Agnes Harris, Isabel Ely Lord, 
and (as a guest) Flora Rose. 

The session was given to a discussion in detail of the constitution proposed 
by the Committee on the Revision of the Constitution, and the result of the meet- 
ing was the Constitution as proposed to the Association at the Thursday morning 
session. Adjourned. 

Wednesday, July i, 8.10 p.m. 

Dr. Andrews, as chairman of the Committee on the Ellen H. Richards Memorial 
Fund, presented the problems of that committee, stating that the responsibility 
for raising the fund rests with the Association and that a special effort should be 
made during the coming year. The matter was discussed in full, especially the 
advisability of (a) raising a definite part of the fund by the date of the 19 15 meeting, 
(b) the employment of a paid executive secretary. After full discussion, the matter 
was referred to a cormnittee. Dr. B. R. Andrews, chairman. Miss Isabel Bevier, 
Mrs. Alice P. Norton, to report to the Association. 

Dr. B. R. Andrews moved that the same budget as was approved in 1Q13-1914 
be approved for 1914-1915. Voted. 

Dr. Andrews reported for the committee appointed to consider the place of 
the 191 5 meeting, the recommendation that the meeting be held in Seattle with 
a session in San Francisco in connection with the National Educational Associa- 
tion. The recommendation was accepted and Dr. Andrews was asked to present 
it, in somewhat fuller form, to the Association for final decision. 

Dr. Andrews then presented as honorary members of the Association Miss Alice 
Ravenhill and M. Paul de Vuyst, who were duly elected. Adjourned. 

Thursday, July 2, g a.m. 

Present: Sarah Louise Arnold, Martha Van Rensselaer, Benjamin R. Andrews, 
C. F. Langworthy, Isabel Bevier, Mary Hinman Abel, Katherine McKay and 
Isabel Ely Lord. 

Miss Lord moved that all life memberships be added to the endowment fund 
of the Association, known as the Ellen H. Richards Fund. Voted. 

Dr. Andrews reported for the committee appointed to consider the endowment 
fund and the Executive Secretary the following recommendations. 

That the Association should establish the position of a paid Executive Secre- 
tary; that the Association undertake to raise $25,000 by July i, 1915 and that this 
sum include the fimds for publishing the Book of Menus and The Sanitary Code 
suggested; that the duties of the Executive Secretary should include, first and pri- 
marily, the raising of the endowment fund, to be known as the Ellen H. Richards 
Fund, and, secondly, the advancement of the general interests of the Association. 



1 9 14] Minutes of Council Meeting 37 

Miss Lord moved that this plan be accepted by the Council and recommended 
to the Association at the next session. Voted. 

The report of the Nominating Committee was made by Miss Isabel Bevier as 
follows : 

For president, Martha Van Rensselaer; for vice-presidents, Abby L. Marlatt, 
Marion Talbot, Benjamin R. Andrews; for secretary', Anna Barrows; for treasurer, 
C. F. Langworthy; for the Council, Sarah Louise Arnold, Isabel Ely Lord, Joseph- 
ine T. Berry, Catharine A. Mulligan, Helen Louise Johnson. 

It was voted that if the new Constitution was adopted, one vice-president would 
serve for three years, one for two years, and one for one year, the terms to be de- 
cided by the number of votes received. 

The report was accepted. Adjourned. 

Thursday, July 2, 2 p.m. 

It was moved that a report from each of the Committees be called for by the 
first of October. Voted. 

Mrs. Abel brought up for discussion the question of obtaining advertisements 
for the Journal. The question of printing the proceedings of the Institution 
Economics Section was also discussed. 

Miss Lord moved that the managing editor of the Journal, who receives member- 
ship dues be instructed to notify all members who have not paid their annual dues 
for over one year that by the vote of the Council they will be dropped from the 
membership list unless the dues are paid. Voted. 

Dr. Andrews voted to add to the names of honorary members elected at the 
previous Council Meeting, Dr. Charles F. Thwing. Voted. 

Miss Arnold reported that the International Congress on Home Education had 
telegraphed asking whether this Association would send a delegate and she had 
telegraphed in reply: "The Association hopes that your invitation implies repre- 
sentation in the program and awaits your reply." 

Mrs. Abel presented several Journal questions, which were fully discussed. 

Dr. Andrews asked that the Secretary investigate and report back to the Coun- 
cil the American League for the Protection of the Family. Adjourned. 

Friday, July j, 8.45 p.m. 

Present: Sarah Louise Arnold, Martha Van Rensselaer, Benjamin R. Andrews, 
C. F. Langworthy, Isabel Bevier, Alice P. Norton, Mary Hinman Abel, Louise 
Stanley, Agnes Harris, Isabel Ely Lord, and (as a guest) Helen Louise Johnson. 

The Council discussed the responsibility for the Richards Fund and asked that 
a memorandum be made that the report of the Richards Fund is to be forwarded 
to the Trustees, and that the President is requested by the Council to correspond 
with the Trustees and acquaint them with the recent action concerning the endow- 
ment. 

Moved, that the Executive Committee be directed to secure a person as Execu- 
tive Secretary of the Association. Voted. 

Moved, that the Executive Committee be authorized to act for the Council 
in the matter of the trustees of the Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund, and that 
Dr. B. R. Andrews confer with Mr. F. B. Veatt. Adjourned. 

Isabel Ely Lord, Secretary. 



BULLETIN 



or THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 

Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 



Series 2 DECEMBER, 1914 No. 4 



ANNOUNCEMENT OF MEETINGS FOR 1915 

National Meeting, Seattle, Washington, and Congress at 
Oakland, California 

It is planned to hold the national meeting of the American Home 
Economics Association at the University of Washington, Seattle, 
August 18-21, at which time a program of professional papers deal- 
ing with the various divisions of Home Economics, including ele- 
mentary schools, high schools, colleges and extension work will be 
offered; and to follow this with a congress of public meetings at 
Oakland, San Francisco, in connection with the National Education 
Association, August 26-28. At the San Francisco meeting it would 
seem in place to present papers which will make plain to the public 
the purpose and aims of Home Economics work. As this meeting 
will also take on an international character, we hope to secure papers 
from foreign countries on the history and status of their Home Eco- 
nomics work. 

For the Seattle meeting it has been suggested that the program 
should emphasize matters of distinctly professional interest. The 
Program Committee wish, therefore, to secure for immediate con- 
sideration a list of topics which members of the Association would 
like to see treated at either of the meetings. The suggestion may 
take the form of titles of one or more papers which an institution 
or school might be able to contribute to the program. What problems 
in pubhc school work, normal school work, college work, etc., should 
be treated? What pieces of laboratory work or field work, or prog- 
ress in methods of teaching, could be reported? 

^9 



40 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

Kindly send your suggestions at once to Miss Martha Van Rens- 
selaer, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, so that they may 
reach her in time to be considered at an early meeting of the Program 
Committee. 

Meeting of Institution Economics Section 

There will be a meeting of the Institution Economics Section of 
the American Home Economics Association at Lake Placid, New York, 
June 25-29, 1915, to which all persons interested in the problems 
of institution administration and household management are invited. 
The program will deal especially with institution topics, and the ten- 
tative plan provides for the following topics: courses of instruction 
in institution administration, the work of the dietitian, unit costs, 
the administration of the cafeteria, hotel management. Further 
information may be secured by addressing Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, 
Sinmions College, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Meeting of the Council of the American Home Economics 

Association 

October 24, 1914 

The council met, as called at Teachers College, New York City, 
10 a.m., Saturday, October 24. The meeting was called to order 
by the president. Miss Van Rensselaer. The secretary's report 
of the Cleveland meeting, as printed in the October Journal, was 
read and accepted. The report of the treasurer, as printed in the 
October Journal, was accepted. 

Vacancies in committees chosen at Cleveland were filled, and work 
for these committees outUned. Miss Anna C. Hedges having de- 
cUned to be chairman of the committee on exhibits. Miss Weer of the 
same committee was chosen and Miss Potter was added. The 
committee was requested to organize material already in the hands 
of the American Home Economics Association and make it available 
for use wherever it may be needed, and to arrange something for the 
meetings of 1915. 

The Committee on Finance, left to the new Council to appoint, 
was chosen as follows: Chairman, Prof. W. M. Cole, the treasurer 
and secretary, the president ex ofiicio. This committee was asked 
to advise methods of financial administration for the Association in- 
cluding rule? for the budget, and to draw up the budget for 1915-16, 






1914] Meetings 41 

The Committee on State Supervision of Home Economics was 
chosen as follows: Miss Thompson, Chairman, Misses Jacobs, 
Christian, Wardall, Hedges, and Mrs. Dabney. 

Dr. Andrews reported for the Committee on Home Economics 
Day that the observance of December 3d need not be accompanied 
by an appeal for funds, although appeals should be made when 
feasible. Miss Kinne reported for the Committee on Legislation 
that with the exception of two letters of protest the members had been 
favorable to the Smith-Lever bill and good work had been done for it. 
Others spoke in favor of bills on Vocational Education and the Smoot 
bill. Mrs. Abel was added to the Committee on Legislation which 
was given power to add to its members. Methods of effectual work 
for approved bills were considered. 

Mrs. Abel reported for the Journal that the board had been con- 
sidering the plan of a monthly issue of about half the present number 
of pages, but this would mean some increase in cost. Most of the 
members of the Council present expressed themselves in favor of 
this change if the Journal Board found it practicable. It was the 
sense of this meeting that the Journal be made a monthly as soon 
as the Journal board find it feasible. 

Dr. Andrews reported regarding the fund for a paid executive 
secretary that about $1000 had been pledged at Cleveland and since. 

The probable duties of such an officer were then considered. The 
first need is to increase the membership and arouse a stronger feehng 
of loyalty to the Association such as is found in many other organi- 
zations. Another point is to secure closer affiliation with allied socie- 
ties and get representation for Home Economics on programs of 
agricultural, educational, religious, and similar associations. 

On motion of Miss Lord it was voted : That in view of the present 
world crisis, the action of the American Home Economics Association 
at the 1914 meeting requiring the raising, before the 1Q15 meeting, 
of $25,000 for the Ellen H. Richards Fund be rescinded, but that the 
fund be advanced during the year as circumstances make it possible. 

The organization of the Committee on Extension Work, Miss 
Comstock, Chairman, and its possible enlargement into a section was 
discussed. This and the Science Committee were finally referred to 
the Executive Committee for further consideration and decision. 

The programs for 1915 were considered. Mrs. Abel suggested that 
one-half day's program might be planned for the general public, and 
the other sessions be arranged as is done by most scientific societies 
for a discussion of the problems of our work. 



42 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

Among subjects suggested by others for the programs were these: 
Historical paper on Home Economics; some phase of household 
arts; homes for warm countries; papers from different sections and 
countries. 

The Program Committee was chosen as follows: The president, 
secretary and Dr. Andrews; and the president was authorized to 
appoint a committee on arrangements, which was done as follows: 
Professor Cole, Miss Raitt, Miss Rich, and Miss Ellen Bartlett. 

The following were chosen to serve on the Executive Committee 
until the next annual meeting: Miss Bevier, Miss Watson, Mrs. Abel, 
Dr. Sherman, and Miss Stanley. 

Dr. Andrews reported to the Council that, in accordance with its 
instructions, he had conferred with Mr. Frederick B. Pratt as to se- 
curing the organization of the Trustees of the Richards Memorial 
Fund, and he submitted a resolution which on motion was adopted: 

(1) That the following persons constitute the board of trustees: 
For three years: Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, Roland Park, Baltimore, 

Maryland; Mr. Frederick B. Pratt, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New 
York; Prof. Robert H. Richards, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 
nology, Boston, Massachusetts. 

For two years: Prof. Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois, Urbana, 
Illinois; Mrs. Annie Dewey, Lake Placid Club, Lake Placid, New 
York; Dr. C. F. Langworthy, United States Department of Agri- 
culture, Washington, D. C; Miss Frances Stern, 14 Fessenden St., 
Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. 

For one year: Prof. Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers College, Colum- 
bia University, New York; President Charles W. Dabney, University 
of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; President Edna A. Rich, State 
Normal School, Santa Barbara, California; James J. Walsh, M.D., 
New York, New York. 

(2) That successors be elected by the Council for three-year 
terms, said board to have responsibility for holding and investing 
the Richards Funds, and all permanent funds of the Association in- 
cluding life memberships, and advisory relationship for the raising 
of additional funds; and (3), that the advice of the board regarding 
the expenditure of the income of the fund, with the suggestion of 
a policy whereby the income shall be paid annually to the Treas- 
urer of the Association to be expended under the direction of the 
Association. 

Anna Barrows, 

Secretary. 



1914I Meetings 43 

Meeting of the Council, December 7, 1914 

A meeting of the Council of the American Home Economics 
Association was held Monday evening, December 7, 1914, at the 
Sherman Hotel, in Chicago. 

It was voted that membership lists should be published in the first 
part of the year rather than later. 

The question of the organization of an Extension Section of the 
Association was discussed at length, the President reviewing what 
had been done with respect to this matter at the Cleveland meeting 
and later. It was felt by many, she said, that a strong section in the 
American Home Economics Association of this sort would improve 
the position of teachers in agricultural colleges and other state in- 
stitutions and would help them to secure recognition in the Ameri- 
can Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. 
It has also been proposed to try to form such a section in the Ameri- 
can Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. 
Dr. True stated that there was little hope at the present time that 
such a section could be formed in that Association, as its function 
was felt to be the discussion of general questions of policy which would 
apply to Home Economics departments as well as to other depart- 
ments of the agricultural colleges. He pointed out that Home 
Economics was already represented on the programs of the Associ- 
ation's meetings and that the importance of the work was recognized. 
It was suggested by Miss Talbot that Miss Barrows canvass the 
general situation at the institutions which she visits in connection 
with her secretarial work during the coming spring. It was clear 
from the extended discussion which the topic brought out, that the 
members of the Council were, individually and collectively, greatly 
interested in the matter and were all unmistakably of the opinion 
that extension work should not be overlooked in the Association's 
program. Doctor True was very decidedly of the opinion that ex- 
tension teaching and other teaching should not be separated, in work 
or discussion. 

Miss Van Rensselaer presented for discussion the question as to 
how the American Home Economics Association can best meet the 
needs of secondary teachers. Professor Works of the department 
of agricultural education at Cornell, who was present as a guest, 
was called upon and expressed the opinion that secondary teachers 
would organize local meetings and that it would be well worth while 



44 Bulletin American Home Economics Association [December 

to encourage such meetings and to help in the preparation of pro- 
grams and in other ways. Miss Van Rensselaer spoke in favor of 
such meetings and of the need of the presentation of Home Economics 
problems at state teachers meetings. 

The need for outlines for secondary schools in Home Economics 
was also insisted upon, and the sense of the meeting was that the 
Association should, in so far as possible, provide such outlines. In 
this way, the American Home Economics Association would help to 
standardize the work which was done and would strengthen the re- 
lation between the secondary and the other teachers. It was sug- 
gested that among others the following might assist in this matter: 
Miss Jennie Snow, Mrs. Paul Forster, Miss Vinton of Middletown, 
Connecticut, Mrs. Dillard and Miss Denton. 

The question of the Seattle program was discussed at considerable 
length and various suggestions were made. 

The work of the Association's Secretary was discussed at some 
length, the sense of the meeting being that much good will come 
from the extended trips which Miss Barrows is to make during the 
late winter and the coming spring. 

The making of a budget was spoken of and it was suggested that the 
Treasurer of the Association prepare a simple budget as a working 
basis for the current year, such a budget to assign small sums to the 
different Association interests to cover current expenses for postage, 
etc., in accordance with the custom which has been followed hitherto. 

It was the sense of the meeting that closer affiUation should be 
sought with allied societies. 

There was much general discussion of various topics related to 
those mentioned above and the work carried on under the Smith- 
Lever bill and similar matters, but definite conclusions were not 
reached. 

C. F. Lang WORTHY, 

Acting Secretary. 



y 



BULLETI 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

EnterrO as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post OfiBce 



Series 3 MAY, 1915 No. 1 



ANNUAL MEETINCx 

UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, 
AND OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 

NOTICE TO MEMBERS 

This Bulletin contains detailed information concerning routes to 
the Panama-Pacific Exposition which will enable those interested to 
arrange a trip including the meetings of the Association at Seattle 
August 18-21 and at Oakland August 26-28. Information is also 
given concerning the meeting of the Institution Economics Section. 

It was decided to send this Bulletin to all members whether asso- 
ciate or active, but attention is again called to the fact that asso- 
ciate members will no longer receive this quarterly publica- 
tion. If you have not already sent the full amount ($2) for 
active membership, prompt attention to this matter will 
insure the receipt of the June number and succeeding 1915 
Bulletins. (See blank, page 11.) 

Every member whether associate or active is requested to send to 
the office of the Association the name of the position held in the 
institution with which he or she is connected, and in the 
future to report promptly any change of position. (See blank, 
page 11.) 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [May 

RAILROAD ARRANGEMENTS 

SEATTLE AND SAN FRANCISCO CONVENTIONS AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Never have such attractive railroad rates to the Pacific Coast 
been offered as are available this year in connection with the Panama- 
Pacific Exposition at San Francisco, and the Panama-California 
Exposition at San Diego, 

Home Economics workers of the United States and Canada who 
plan to attend the meetings of the Association should make up parties 
and take in the Canadian Rockies, the Yellowstone Park, the Colorado 
Rockies, the Grand Canyon, etc. Brief facts regarding routes and 
rates are offered here; further questions will be answered on inquiry. 

Points of interest enroute. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado is on 
the Santa Fe R. R, near Williams, Arizona (about 24 hours east of 
Los Angeles). Persons going or coming via the Santa Fe may stop 
off at WilHams (round trip railroad ticket on Santa Fe, WilHams to 
Grand Canyon, $7.50); or a side trip from Los Angeles to the Canyon 
may be arranged at a cost of about $25 ; or a side trip on the route 
from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City, by stopping off at Barstow, Cali- 
fornia, thence via Santa Fe to WilHams, and return to Barstow. 

Colorado scenic points, Pike's Peak, Manitou, Garden of the Gods, 
and Royal Gorge, may be visited by stop-over on routes through 
Denver and Colorado Springs, going west or coming east; or, by a 
stop-over on the Santa Fe in Colorado, and a side trip from there. 

Salt Lake City, Ogden, and Great Salt Lake may be visited going 
or coming on the central routes to San Francisco; or on the Oregon 
Short Line route going to Seattle; or on the San Pedro, Los Angeles, 
and Salt Lake route returning from Los Angeles to Colorado points 
and to Yellowstone Park. 

Yellowstone National Park is reached from Livingston, Montana, 
on the Northern Pacific, or from Salt Lake City or Ogden (see page 4). 

National Glacier Park is on the Great Northern R. R. at Glacier 
Park, Montana. 

The Canadian Rockies are reached via the Canadian Pacific R. R. 
with stop-overs at Banff, Lake Louise, Glacier, etc. 

Yosemite Park, CaUfornia, may be reached by a side trip from San 
Francisco costing $22.35; or on way to Los Angeles by side trip from 
Merced on the Southern Pacific R. R. 



1915] RAILROAD ARRANGEMENTS 3 

Routes. Round trip tickets may be obtained, good for three 
months, and will be made up for any routes desired going and coming. 
That is, one may go by any route and return by any route. Indi- 
viduals should therefore decide on the best route possible to meet 
their own desires as to places to be visited, and order of visiting them. 

Teachers whose work begins early in September will wish to go 
west in July or early in August by a middle or southern route perhaps 
first to Los Angeles thence to San Francisco and Seattle, and return 
either via Colorado or Yellowstone Park, or National Glacier Park, 
or the Canadian Rockies. 

Those who attend summer schools will go west about the middle 
of August in time to reach Seattle by August 18. For such persons 
the northern routes are recommended (via either Canadian Pacific, 
or Great Northern, or Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, or Northern 
Pacific); or one of the central trans-continental routes (via either 
Denver, or Colorado Springs, or Cheyenne, or Salt Lake City, and 
the Oregon Short Line); and after the Seattle meeting, a route by 
rail or steamer to San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, and thence 
return east. 

Persons from the North and East desiring an ocean trip may go 
from New York to New Orleans by the Southern Pacific steamships, 
5 days; or this route may be used returning from the West via New 
Orleans. No extra fee for meals and berth on ship. 

Steamer trips on the Pacific Coast may be substituted for the rail- 
road: — I. Steamer from Vancouver, B, C, to Seattle is included in 
Canadian Pacific route to Seattle or the rail route from Mission, 
B. C, to Seattle (3 to 4 hours shorter) may be substituted. 

II. Between Portland and San Francisco, via Great Northern 
Pacific Steamship Company, at no extra expense, and berths and 
meals included free on boat. 

III. Steamer between San Francisco and Los Angeles may be in- 
cluded in route of person not travelHng on Santa Fe or Southern 
Pacific lines for $4 extra, but rail route via Southern Pacific will prob- 
ably be preferred between San Francisco and Los Angeles. 

"Differential rates" are available from certain points, for example, 
from New York City rates over Pennsylvania and New York Central 
are $4.50 more than over other lines. Make local inquiry. 

Special Canadian Pacific Party. Miss Van Rensselaer, President of 
the Association, and others are planning to leave Chicago Thursday 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [May 

evening, August 12, by special tourist sleeper, over the Chicago & 
Northwestern at 10.10 p.m. reaching St. Paul, Friday at 10.00 a.m.; 
leave St. Paul 11 a.m. over the "Soo" line and Canadian Pacific; on 
Canadian Pacific stop-over at Lake Louise Sunday morning to Mon- 
day morning; arrive at Vancouver Tuesday morning, take steamer 
from Vancouver for Seattle, arriving Tuesday evening. All members 
interested in the trip are asked to inform committee below at once. 
Make reservation for your sleeper at once by writing C. P. Walton, 
Gen. Pass. Agt., 1282 Broadway, New York City, or H. A. Gross, 
Gen. Pass. Agt., 148 S. Clark St., Chicago. 

Persons desiring to leave Chicago for Canadian Pacific on Friday 
evening August 13, or Saturday evening, August 14, are also asked 
to send in their names, as parties can probably be organized which 
will have at least 12 hours stop-over in Canadian Rockies and reach 
Seattle b}'' Wednesday evening. Other special parties will be organ- 
ized. Notify committee below. 

Party going via National Glacier Park. Persons wishing to make 
a 24-hour stop-over in the American Rockies may choose this trip: 
leave Chicago via Burlington route at 10.15 p.m. Saturday, August 
14, to St. Paul; leave St. Paul on Great Northern at 11.15 Sunday 
morning, reach Glacier National Park at 8.50 p.m. Monday. Stop 
over one day (cost of hotel, auto bus, and lake trip about$8.00), 
leave Glacier National Park Tuesday 8.50 p.m. and reach Seattle 
Wednesday 8.15 p.m. Those interested send names to the committee. 

Party going via Yellowstone Park. Persons desiring to include Yel- 
lowstone Park on going trip should go west via Northern Pacific. 
If from Chicago, the Burlington train leaves at 10.00 a.m., and the 
Chicago and Northwestern at 10.00 p.m., both running over Northern 
Pacific beyond St. Paul. At Livingston, Montana, stop-over for 
side trip to Yellowstone Park. Six day trip, all expenses from Liv- 
ingston including coaches, accommodations at Park hotels, $53.50; 
for $40 a similar trip with camp accommodations is furnished by 
the Wyhe Camping Company. 

A party will leave Chicago over the Burlington and Northern 
Pacific at 10 a.m. August 9 to spend six days in Yellowstone Park 
and reach Seattle August 19. Send names to committee. 

Persons should leave Gardiner (Yellowstone Park) not later than 
Monday or Tuesday August 16 or 17 to reach Seattle by Tuesday or 
Wednesday at 9 p.m. A one day stop-over at Yellowstone Park 
can also be arranged. Those interested send names to committee. 



1915] RAILROAD ARRANGEMENTS 5 

Yellowstone Park on return from the Coast. Many will find it possi- 
ble to visit Yellowstone Park on return trip by a side trip from Salt 
Lake City or Ogden; prices as quoted above. Some have already 
registered for such a trip by the Wylie Camping Company. Send 
names to the committee. 

Seattle to San Francisco. There are two routes, the rail "Mt. 
Shasta Route" (Southern Pacific R. R.), and the ocean trip from 
Astoria (near Portland) to San Francisco via Great Northern Pacific 
Steamship Line (latter less expensive as meals and berth are included 
while by rail Pullman ticket and meals are extra). Choose one route 
or other in purchasing original ticket. 

Returning routes. After San Francisco meeting delegates may visit 
San Diego Exposition without extra charge on tickets via Los Angeles 
or San Francisco — if San Diego side-trip coupon is requested at time 
of purchase of original through ticket; return may then be made: 

1. By southern routes (a) Southern Pacific with steamer if desired 
from New Orleans to New York City; or all rail via New Orleans, 
(b) Santa Fe. 

2. San Pedro Route from Los Angeles to Salt Lake City (with side 
trip to Yellowstone if desired) thence Colorado and east. 

3. Return from Los Angeles to San Francisco, thence east via Salt 
Lake City and Colorado. 

4. If desired, with extra fare, route may return from Los Angeles 
to Seattle, thence east. 

Routing your individual ticket. Ticket must be purchased for a 
definite route coming and going, determined before starting, i.e., 
route can not be changed after trip is started. Consult your local 
railroad agents, also railroad maps and circulars before determining 
your route., i.e., for the railroads you will travel over. A "route" 
is illustrated by a typical selection for Philadelphia: 

Pennsylvania R. R. to Chicago; Chicago and Northwestern to St. Paul; 
thence Soo and Canadian Pacific to Vancouver; steamer to Seattle; North- 
ern Pacific to Portland; Southern Pacific to San Francisco; Southern 
Pacific to Los Angeles; Santa Fe to San Diego, and return to Los Angeles; 
San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake route to Salt Lake (side trip from 
Salt Lake City to Yellowstone Park, on special ticket purchased in Salt 
Lake and return to Salt Lake City) ; thence via Denver & Rio Grande to 
Colorado Springs and Denver; Burhngton to Chicago; Pennsylvania R. R. 
to Philadelphia the starting point; or other lines may be substituted for 
these. 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [May 



Sleeping cars. Special tickets in addition to regular fare necessary; 
upper berth is about 20 per cent less than the lower; in addition to 
regular Pullman sleepers the roads west of Chicago run "tourist 
sleepers" (finished in rattan or leather) on which rates are about 
one-half the regular Pulhnan, and which are preferred by many, 
especially in the summer. Tourist cars on many lines have facilities 
for cooking available for passengers. 

All expense tours. Some members may be interested in a round- 
trip tour with a definite itinerary and a total cost arranged to cover 
railroad fares, Pullmans, hotels, meals, transfers, etc. Such trips 
cost approximately $10 a day for all expenses and could be arranged 
for small parties. If a large number go, special conductor could 
accompany party. If interested try to make up party and send name 
to committee. 

Stop-overs. Stop-overs may be made at any points going or return- 
ing and without special arrangements in advance. 

Rates. Information indicates round trip railroad fares as follows, 
but verify by local inquiry. 



STARTING POINTS 



Boston 

New York City 

Philadelphia 

Washington 

Buffalo 

Cleveland 

Cincinnati 

Indianapolis 

Chicago 

St. Paul 

St. Louis 

Missouri River points (Omaha, Kansas City, 

etc.) 

Memphis 

New Orleans 

San Antonio 

Denver, Colorado Springs, Pueblo 

Ogden, Salt Lake City 



to seattle 
and return 

Cnot to 
California; 



$101.20 

104.20 

105.80 

110.30 

95.20 

92.95 

81.10 

83.50 

74.50 

76.20 

71.50 

67.90 

62.50 

50.00 

57.50 

50.00 
69.85 
75.00 
65.00 
45.00 
35.37 



TO SAN FRAN- 
CISCO, SAN DIEGO 
AND RETURN 
fNOT TO 
SEATTLE) 



$101.20 
104.20 
94.30 
98.80 
95.20 
92.95 
81.10 
83.50 
74.50 
76.20 
71.50 
67.10 
62.50 
63.85 
57.50 

50.00 
57.50 
57.50 
50.00 
45.00 
35.40 



TO SEATTLE, 
SAN FRANCISCO, 
SAN DIEGO AND 

RETURN EAST 



$118.70 
121.70 

111.80 

116.30 

112.70 

110.45 

98.60 

101.00 

92.00 

93.70 

88.40 

85.00 

80.00 

74.45 

75.00 

67.50 
81.20 
83.75 
75.00 
62.50 
53.50 



1915] ANNUAL MEETING 7 

Canadian rates. The Canadian Pacific Railroad quotes for round 
trip to Seattle, San Francisco and San Diego and return via various 
routes through the States: — from Montreal, $114.50; from Toronto, 
$97.30; from Winnipeg, $83.05. 

Further information. Send to general passenger agents of rail- 
roads on various routes (nearly all have officers in New York or 
Chicago) for special circulars regarding routes and rates and scenic 
attractions. The undersigned committee will furnish any help possi- 
ble. All who have tentative plans should notify the committee at 
once— it will help perfect arrangements for others. For local arrange- 
ments at Seattle, write to Miss Effie Raitt, University of Washing- 
ton, Seattle. 

Committee on Transportation: Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers 
College, New York City. 

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Following the trend of travel in 1915, the American Home Econom- 
ics Association has appointed the 1915 meeting on the Pacific Coast. 

The first sessions will be held at the University of Washington, 
August 19 to 21, and an adjourned meeting at Oakland, CaHfornia, 
x\ugust 26 to 29, in connection with the National Education Asso- 
ciation. A program is in preparation for both meetings, which will 
embrace subjects under science, art, methods of teaching and exten- 
sion projects. Specialists in these subjects from western institutions, 
with a few speakers from the East, have been invited. The program 
will be formed in the interests of the western field of Home Economics 
as far as possible. 

The program for August 26, at Oakland, will be in connection with 
a Congress on Vocational Education and Practical Arts in combina- 
tion with the National Educational Association. The program of 
the Congress is to be full of interest to persons interested in Home 
Economics. The date of this Congress was changed to meet the 
needs of the Home Economics teachers, who are fortunate in having 
the benefit of the program prepared for the Vocational Educational 
Conference. 

The department of special events of the Panama-Pacific Interna- 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [May 

tional Exposition, has designated August 27 as International Home 
Economics Congress Day. 

Section meetings in science, extension and institution economics 
will be appointed at hours not to conflict with general meetings. 

A detailed program of the meetings of the Association will be printed 
in a future number of the Bulletin of the American Home Economics 
Association. 

All persons who are planning to attend these meetings are asked 
to write to the President of the Association, Miss Martha Van 
Rensselaer, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, Chairman of the 
Program Committee; or to Dr. Benjamin Andrews, Teachers College, 
Columbia University, New York City, who is in charge of general 
arrangements of travel. The chairman of the local committee at 
Seattle is Miss Effie Raitt, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash- 
ington; the chairman at Oakland is Miss Ellen Bartlett, Public Schools, 
San Francisco, California. ' 

INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

The Institution Section of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation will meet at the Lake Placid Club, Essex County, New York, 
June 25 to 29, 1915. 

The program as being prepared, promises to be of the greatest 
interest to dietitians, lunch room managers, college dormitory direc- 
tors, and to all others interested in the management of institutions 
or in instruction relating to institution management. 

The opening session will consist of an address of welcome by the 
Chairman, Miss Sarah Louise Arnold of Simmons College. This 
will be followed by reports of the special committees who have been 
at work during the year, and will include reports on laundry, school 
lunches, waste, food sanitation, college dormitory management, etc. 
At this opening session members will also report upon special fea- 
tures of their work during the past year. 

The subject of one session will be "Cost of Foods from Prison to 
Palace Hotel," and will include: 

Food Costs for the Department of Charities, New York City, 
by Mr. Henry C. Wright, the first Deputy Commissioner, Pubhc 
Charities and Correction. 



1915] INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 9 

United States Military Rations, by Captain Stewart S. God- 
frey, United States Military Academy, West Point. 

Cost of Food in Private Clubs, by Mrs. Mary S. Woolman, 
representing the new Women's City Club, Boston, Mass. 

Cost and Methods of Feeding College Students, by Miss Emma 
Baker, Whittier Hall Dormitory, Teachers College, New York 
City. 

Other topics which are to be included in the program for Hotel 
Day, will be Ethical Relations of Institution Employes, Inventories 
and Buying of Hotel Furnishings, and Per Capita Allowance in 
Equipments. 

One session will be devoted to Standard Per Capita Costs, with 
reports by Mr. Melvil Dewey, President of the Lake Placid Club; 
Prof. WiUiam Morse Cole, Harvard University; and Mr. Donald 
English, Cornell University. 

The important problem of Housing of Women in Large Cities will 
be discussed; other subjects will include Cafeteria Management, under 
the direction of Miss Anna Hunn, Cornell University; Courses of 
Instruction in Institution Economics, under the leadership of Miss 
Sarah Louise Arnold; Dietitians, with Miss Flora Rose of Cornell 
University as Chairman. 

In addition it is planned to have round tables formed by the chair- 
men of the different committees, and special conferences arranged 
for any available time during the meeting. 

The fee for attending or associate membership is $2; for those 
who are already members of the Association it is $1. In both cases 
the fee includes a copy of the proceedings. The board will be $3 
per day. In writing for rooms, kindly give dates of coming and 
going, and also the special Hne of work in which you are interested. 
Cottages are usually assigned to those who wish to be together, to 
discuss the problems of their work in detail. Those wishing to invite 
friends may do so on the same terms, provided their friends become 
members of the conference by paying the attending fee. All who 
wish to prolong their stay at the Club, are cordially invited to do 
so at the same rates until rooms are needed for regular engagements 
of members. 

Leaving New York in the morning, one would reach Lake Placid 
about six o'clock in the afternoon. One could return by way of Lake 
Champlain and Lake George to Albany and by Hudson River night 
boat to New York. The fare from New York and return, by rail 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [May 

both ways is $15.35. Returning by way of the lakes is about $3 
additional. 

For matters relating to rooms, address "Conference," Lake Placid 
Club, Essex County, New York. For programs or any other infor- 
mation regarding the conference, address the Secretary, Miss Emma 
H. Gunther, Teachers College, New York City. 

MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL, MARCH 13, 1915 

The Council of the American Home Economics Association met 
at Columbia University, New York, March 13, 1915. 

Present: Miss Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Abel, Miss Lord, Miss Willard, 
Miss Jacobs, Miss Harkins, Professor Sherman and Mr. Andrews, 
and Miss Rose as guest. Miss Barrows and Miss Nutting later ap- 
proved the action taken, as follows: 

Bibhography of Ellen H. Richards: Miss Lord reported that the 
New York State Library School at our request had compiled a bibli- 
ography of Mrs. Richards' writings which was available for cop}dng 
and use by the Association. On motion it was voted that the bibh- 
ography be copied and be referred to the Editor of the Journal for 
publication. 

Committee on Housekeeper's Section: The president reported the 
resignation of Mrs. Herron as chairman of the Committee on House- 
keeper's Section, because of ill-health. On motion, the resignation 
was accepted, with the thanks of the Association for Mrs. Herron's 
services. 

Affiliation with Department of Superintendence, National Edu- 
cation Association: A communication from Misses Emma S. Jacobs, 
Gertrude Van Hoesen, Charlotte M. Ulhrich, Mrs. Margaret Stannard 
and Mrs. Anna Gilchrist Strong, present at the Cincinnati meeting 
of the Department of Superintendence, National Education Associa- 
tion, urged that an arrangement be sought whereby a program of 
Home Economics be provided at next year's meeting of the Depart- 
ment of Superintendence at Detroit, Michigan, in February, 1916. 
On motion, it was voted that the Secretary inquire regarding the 
possibility of having such a program. 

Association Expenses: The matter of the share of office expenses 
to be borne by the Association was discussed and on m_otion the 
Managing Editor was asked to compile a statement as to the amount 
of expense fairly chargeable to Association business as distinct from 



1915] MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL 11 

Journal business at the office, and report to the next meeting of the 
Council. 

Bulletin : Moved that the printing of the membership list be post- 
poned until fall, and that the next Bulletin of the Association con- 
tain preliminary announcements of the summer meetings, and the 
following number contain the completed program. 

Sections: The president reported requests for the organization of a 
science section and an extension work section. It was voted that 
authorization be given to the organization of these two sections at 
the Seattle meeting. 

Editorial Board Membership: Mrs. Abel proposed that the chair- 
men of all sections be ex-officio members of the editorial board, to 
be invited to meetings of the board and receive advance proof-sheets 
of the Journal, and on motion it was so voted. 

Editor of the Journal: The editorial board reported the resigna- 
tion of Mrs. Abel as editor, to take effect in June, 1915, and that the 
board is taking steps to engage an editor for part-time service. 

Election: The resignation of Mrs. Ellen Huntington Wittem as a 
member of the Council was received and accepted with regret. On 
motion Miss Effie Raitt, of the University of Washington, Seattle, 
was elected to fill the unexpired term. 

Program: The president reported plans and problems regarding 
the programs at Seattle and San Francisco, and after discussion, the 
matters were referred back to the program committee. 

B. R. Andrews, 
Acting Secretary. 



Every member of the Association is requested to fill out the following blank and mail as 
soon as possible to the American Home Economics Association, Station N, Baltimore, Md. 



Name 

Position 

Institution 

City State 

Kindly remit for an}- unpaid dues and cross out the other items printed below: 

f Active ] M h h' • 

Enclosed please find $ for \ Associate \ ™ '^^ . . ' 



. , Association. 

Balance due for active 



BULLETIN 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 3 AUGUST, 1915 No. 2 



TENTATIVE PROGRAM OF THE EIGHTH ANNUAL MEET- 
ING OF THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIA- 
TION, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, 
WASHINGTON 

August 19-21, 1915 

AND OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, IN CONNECTION WITH 
THE NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION 

August 26-28, 1915 

Arrangements are fully under way for the meeting of the Ameri- 
can Home Economics Association, to be held in Seattle, August 19-21, 
and in Oakland, August 26-28, 1915. 

A tentative program which follows has been arranged for the meet- 
ings. Copies of the final program may be secured after August 10 
by writing to the chairman of the local committees, Miss EfheRaitt, 
Head of the Department of Home Economics, University of Wash- 
ington, Seattle, Wash., and Miss Ellen M. Bartlett, Supervisor of 
Public Schools, San Francisco, California; or to the Editorial Ofhce 
of the Journal of Home Economics, Station N, Baltimore, Maryland. 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME 

ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, UNIVERSITY 

OF WASHINGTON 

August 19-21, 1915 

Sessions will open at ten o'clock in the morning and eight o'clock 
in the evening. Afternoons will be left free for special conferences 
and for sight-seeing. 

TENTATIVE PROGRAM 

Thursday, August 19 
10.00 a.m. 

Five minute reports of work in Home Economics in various 

institutions and states 
Introduction of representatives from United States Department of 
Agriculture, United States Bureau of Education, Public Schools 
of Seattle, Journal of Home Economics 
Reports of Committees 
Announcements 
4.30 p.m. 

Boulevard ride 
8.00 p.m. 

Miss Efhe Raitt, Head of the Department of Home Economics, 

University of Washington, presiding 
Address of Welcome, Dr. Landes, President of the University of 

Washington 
President's Address, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell Uni- 
versity, Ithaca, N. Y. 
The Teacher^ s Cottage and Rural Home Economics, Miss Josephine 
Preston, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Seattle,Washington. 
The New and Deeper Foundations for Home Economics Education, 
Miss Agnes Houston Craig, State College of Washington, Pull- 
man, Washington 

Friday, August 20 

Breakfast has been planned with the student Home Economics 
Club as hostesses 
10.00 a.m. 
Institution Management in the Northwest, Miss Gertrude Elliott, 
in charge of Commons, University of Washington 



em 



1915] TENTATIVE PROGRAM EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

Report of the meeting of the Institution Economics Section of the 

American Home Economics Association, Lake Placid, June 25- 

29, 1915 
Municipal Markets of the Northwest, Mrs. Arazona W. Calkins, 

former State Food Inspector of Washington 
4.00-6.00 p.m. 

Lawn Party, Members of the Faculty of the Women's Club of 

the University of Washington, hostesses 
8.00 p.m. 

Recent Advances in Nutrition, Miss Ruth Wheeler, University of 

Illinois 
What the Government is Doing in Home Economics Investigation, 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, United States Department of Agriculture, 

Washington, D.C. 
Contribution of Science to Home Economics, Dr. Byers, University 

of Washington 

Saturday, August 21 
10.00 a.m. 

The Aim of Textile Teaching, Miss Nellie Crooks, Milwaukee- 
Downer College 
Teaching Textiles in the High Schools, Miss Pitner, Los Angeles, 

California 
Economics of Efficiency, Miss Alice Ravenhill, Chrachveattle, Canada. 
Reports of Committees 
5.00 p.m. 

An automobile ride on Queen Anne Hill, ending at Madison Park; 

across the lake by boat, where a beach dinner will be served, 

followed by a two hour sail on the lake. 

The following papers prepared for the Association and announced 

by title, will not be read, but will be published in the Journal of 

Home Economics. 

Correlation of Science Teaching of Girls with Domestic Work, A. T. 
de Nsaelpied, London County Council, 10 Eliot Hill, Lewisham, S. E. 
The Family Visitor, Miss Edna Twichell, Teachers College, New 
York City 

The Teaching of Textiles in the Grades, Miss Steigel, Public Schools, 
Rochester, N. Y. 

Notes: Alumni luncheons Thursday and Friday noons. Arrange- 
ments for these luncheons should be made immediately through the 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

chairman of the local committee, Miss Effie Raitt, in order that the 
time for different institutions may be announced in the final program. 

SECTION MEETINGS 

In order to give specialists opportunity to discuss their own work 
more thoroughly than the general sessions will admit, section meetings 
have been planned each afternoon at two-thirty o'clock. These 
meetings will close in time to give opportunity for sight-seeing before 
the evening meetings. 

PROGRAM EXTENSION SECTION 

Thursday- — 2.00 p.m. 
Chairman, Gertrude M. McCheyne, Head of Department of Home 
Economics, State College, Utah 
2.00 p.m. 

Report of extension committee 
Organization of section 
2.15 p.m. 

What types of work seem at present the most valuable in the ex- 
tension field? 
Extension Schools, Miss Mary E. Edmonds, Montana 
Institute Work, Miss May C. McDonald, Missouri 
Town and County Agent Work, Miss Sarah Pettitt, New York 
Reports of Work in Erie County, N. Y., and of Work in Brimfield, 

Mass., Mrs. Horatio Dresser 
Correspondence Courses, Miss Louise H. Campbell, Iowa 
Single Talks and Demonstrations, Miss Alma L. Garvin, Indiana 
Boys^ and Girls' Club Work, Miss Margaret B. Baker, Minnesota 
Women's Clubs, Miss Mary Oberlin, Colorado 

GENERAL DISCUSSION 

3.20 p.m. 

Follow-up work 

Extension Schools 
Institute Work 
Correspondence Courses 

Miss Neale S. Knowles, Iowa 
Single Talks 
Boys' and Girls' Clubs 
Women's Clubs 

Miss Mamie Bunch, IlUnois 



1915] TENTATIVE PROGRAM EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

GENERAL DISCUSSION 

3.45 p.m. A Plea for Securing Uniform Leaflets for Instruction in 
Home Economics, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Chief, Office of Home Eco- 
nomics, U. S. Department of Agriculture 
4.00 p.m. Needs of the Farm Women, Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, 

Ithaca, New York 
4.15 p.m. What Should he the Training of Teachers for Extension 
Work? Miss Alice Loomis, Nebraska 

Extension exhibits will be in charge of Miss Neale S. Knowles, Agri- 
cultural College, Iowa, and should be sent early to Seattle in care of 
Miss Effie Raitt. 

PROGRAM SCIENCE SECTION 

Friday, 2.30 p.m. 

Chairman — Miss Ruth Wheeler, University of Illinois 

1. Report of research in the Universities represented 

2. Review of nutrition research reported in the literature 

3. Should fundamental sciences be taught in the Department of 
Home Economics? 

4. The prerequisites, content and credit for courses in dietetics 
and nutrition 



Members of the Association and others interested in the subject — 
teachers, students, and housekeepers, will be welcome, to the annual 
meeting. The program is varied and all those who attend will find 
something to meet their special needs. The following letter, which 
welcomes the Association to the University of Washington, gives 
information regarding accommodations during the meeting, and trips 
which may be made during time not occupied by the sessions. 

July 9, 1915. 

To the Members of the American Home Economics Association: 

The University of Washington extends a hearty welcome to you 
this summer. The Convention dates, August 19 to 21, will be so 
filled with the regular program and special conference, that trips dur- 
ing that time must necessarily be confined to Seattle and its lakes. 
Convention rates have been secured at one and one-third fares 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

round trip from Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana. Receipt 
must be secured when ticket is purchased. 

The Puget Sound country is full of beauty for nature loving tourists. 
We urge all to come in time to enjoy pre-convention excursions. 
Many points of interest and beauty are easily accessible from Seattle. 
Of these the following have been chosen and special excursions have 
been arranged as follows. Home Economics workers from different 
centers in the State will act as hostesses on these occasions. 

August 10 and 11. Sound trips. Bremerton Navy Yard, Bain- 
bridge and Vashon Islands, Tacoma. Cost, 50 cents to $1. Time, 
2 to 6 hours. 

August 12, 13 and 14. Mt. Rainier by train or automobile. Alti- 
tude, 9,000 ft. Real mountain and glacier climbing. Cost $20. 

August 16 and 17. San Juan Islands and Bellingham, Victoria, 
B. C. Cost $2 to $5. 

August 18 Snoquamie Falls by automobile over scenic highway. 
Cost, $2. Time, 8 hours. 

Headquarters will be established at 4535 18th Ave., N.E., by August 
9. Telephone, Kenwood 1429. Rooms will be reserved in the 
sorority houses at seventy-five cents for the single rooms and fifty 
cents per person for double rooms. 

The University Commons, cafeteria plan, will be open during the 
conference for meals. The University may be reached by Co wen 
Park or Ravenna cars, which run near the depot. To reach head- 
quarters get off at 45th St. and 14th Ave., N.E. Visitors are advised 
to bring baggage checks to headquarters. 

It will be of assistance to the local committee if delegates and their 
friends will write for reservations as early as possible, and indicate 
probable date of arrival. 

Very cordially yours, 

[signed] E. I. Raitt, 

Director, Home Economics Department. 

The local transportation committee have made special eft'orts to 
insure the convenience of those who wish to take any of their special 
trips, and those in attendance can obtain folders giving full informa- 
tion at the Association headquarters in Seattle. Some quotations 
from the folder follow: 



1915] TENTATIVE PROGRAM EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 7 

Aside from its interest as a commercial centre Seattle, "The Queen 
City of the Northwest," offers in scenic attractions more points of interest 
than any city on the Pacific Coast. Its beautiful location has no equal 
on the continent. It covers hills and lowlands from lovely Elliott Bay to 
the enchanting tree-girded shores of Lake Washington — a strip of country 
about four miles wide and twelve long. The snow capped Cascade Range 
is on the east, and the majestic Olympics to the west across beautiful 
Puget Sound. 

The immediate environments of Seattle are unsurpassed in their diversity 
of beauty and interest, and the numerous enchanting trips by rail and boat 
place Seattle in the forefront as a Mecca for the tourist. 

Of particular interest to the members of the American Home Economics 
Association is our principal institution of learning, the State University, 
which is within easy reach of the heart of the city. 

The campus of the University of Washington, comprising 355 acres, is 
located within the city limits of Seattle, four miles from the business 
district. The grounds have been laid out by the Olmsted brothers, land- 
scape architects, who were employed to prepare a portion of the grounds for 
the Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition, which was held here in 1909. The 
main vistas of the wonderful plans have been retained and brought into 
harmony with the needs of the University. The extensive lawns are 
green throughout the year, while from April to November there is a pro- 
fusion of flowers and blooming shrubs. The campus slopes gradually 
toward the shores of two lakes, there being a water front on Lake Union 
of a quarter of a mile and on Lake Washington of a mile and a quarter. 
The central vista of the grounds furnishes a remarkable view of Mount 
Rainier across the lake and over the wooded foothills. To the east are the 
Cascade Mountains and to the west the Olympics, furnishing a variety 
of mountain scenery which has few parallels in any part of the world. 

The University was established in 1861 under the territorial govern- 
ment. For a number of years comparatively little college or university 
work was done, but the ambitions and ideals of the founders were con- 
tinually kept in mind and as soon as conditions warranted it and the high 
schools of the State were able to furnish the necessary preparation the Uni- 
versity entered upon a full program of college and university education. 
Since 1901 no preparatory students have been enrolled and the enroll- 
ment has increased at a more rapid rate probably than in any other Ameri- 
can university. From an enrollment in 1908-1909 of 1846 the enroll- 
ment has more than doubled, being 4050 in the year 1914-1915, just closing. 

The future of the University is exceedingly bright, being located in a 
city and in a state which is growing at a remarkable rate, notwithstanding 
the business depressions which have been seriously felt throughout the coun- 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

try at large. The University has secured the confidence and the general 
support of the people of the State in its eiTorts to meet their educational 
needs. 

SIDE-TRIPS FROM SEATTLE 

Among the many attractive trips of a day or more to be made from 
Seattle easily, the leader is that to Rainier National Park, that wonderful 
playground in the Cascade Range surrounding the marvelous mountain 
from which the park takes its name — Mount Rainier, "the Sentinel of 
Puget Sound." 

The majestic and impressive grandeur of the scenery in Rainier National 
Park is without compare in any of our National Parks. It is only a few 
hours' ride and a comfortable rail trip to Ashford station, thence by auto 
to the National Park Inn, Nisqually Glacier, Narada Falls, and Paradise 
Valley. 

Mount Baker and Bellingham. Mountain 10,827 feet in height. Larg- 
est sabnon cannery in the world at Bellingham. Train or boat at frequent 
intervals daily. 

Ocean resorts. Cohassett. Good hotel accommodations. Daily train 
service. 

Mountain lakes, with fishing, hunting, camping. Lake Keechelus. 
Mineral Lake, Offutt Lake. Trains daily. 

Hot Springs at Sol Due. Noted health resort, with hotel, sanitarium 
and bath house. Boat daily. 

Mountain lakes. Lake Crescent and Lake Cushman, rivaling the beau- 
ties of the Alpine Lakes. Dainty water gems in a massive setting of snow- 
clad peaks. Boats connecting with stages for these lakes daily. 

Tacoma, "City of Destiny" — An attractive and enterprising community 
of 100,000 inhabitants. Boats at frequent intervals daily. Also connected 
by interurban trains and steam lines. 

San Juan Islands — A group of submerged mountain peaks. This trip 
rivals that among the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence River. Boat- 
ing, bathing, fishing. Boats direct on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thurs- 
days, or trip may be made daily on boats to Bellingham and Anacortes, 
transferring to small steamer. 

Bainbridge Island, past Indian reservation and burial place of Chief 
Seattle. Boats daily. Time of trip, one hour each way, 

Mercer Island, skirting the wooded shores of this beautiful island which 
like an emerald adorns the bosom of Lake Washington. Boats daily. 
Other lake trips to Kirkland, Medina, Newport, Juanita, Belleview and 
Beaux Arts by ferries and boats. 

The Palisades of Puget Sound — Hood Canal, an American Fiord beside 



1915] TENTATIVE PROGRAM EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 9 

which the Oyhnpic Mountains rise 5,000 feet ahnost from the water's edge. 
Boats daily. 

Navy Yard, Puget Sound. Battleships and cruisers, torpedo boats and 
submarines. Two immense dry docks, one the largest on the Pacific Coast. 
Boats frequently during the day. 

Suggestions regarding these trips and detailed information for 
side trips can be secured at the City Ticket Office of the C. M. & St. P. 
Railway, Second and Cherry Streets, Seattle. 

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 
ASSOCIATION, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 

August 26-28, 1915 

IN CONNECTION WITH THE NATIONAL 
EDUCATION ASSOCIATION 

The date August twenty-sixth was specifically arranged by the 
Vocational Education and Practical Arts Association to accord with 
the dates of the meeting of the American Home Economics Associa- 
tion. Accordingly plans have been made to join with that associa- 
tion in the program of the twenty-sixth of August. 

Tentative Program 

departmental congress on vocational education and 
practical arts 

Thursday, August 26 
9.30 a.m. 

Topic — Vocationalizing Industrial Education 

(a) Art and its Place in National Growth, 

Frank Alvah Parsons, President New York City School of 
Fine and Applied Arts 

(b) Home Economics Applied to Life, 

Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, President American Home 
Economics Association, Ithaca, N. Y. 

(c) The School Shop in its Relation to Bread Winning, 

James Collins Miller, Provincial Director of Technical 
Education, Edmonton, Canada. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

Discussion — 

Miss Florence Ellis 
Miss Ednah A. Rich 
2.00 p.m. 

Topic — Economic Aspects of Vocational Education 

(a) Vocational Education and the Labor Problem, 

Carroll G. Pearse, Superintendent of Schools, Milwaukee, 
Wisconsin 

(b) Vocational Educatio?i in its Wider Implications, 

Thos. M. BalKet, Dean of the School of Pedagogy, New 
York University 

(c) The Social Phases of Vocational Education, 

Richard G. Boone, University of California, Berkeley, 

California 
Discussion — 
Dr. R. E. Snyder 
Mr. C. A. Simon 
8.00 p.m. 
Topic — The Organization and Administration of Vocational Educa- 
tion, 

Chas. H. Keyes, President Skidmore School of Arts, Saratoga, 
N. Y. 

Friday, August 27 

Program of the American Home Economics Association continued 
in Assembly Hall of the Y. M. C. A. 
10.00 a.m. 

Five minute reports of work in Home Economics in California 

institutions 

Mrs. LuHe W. Robbins, Pubhc Schools, Oakland 

Miss Ellen Barrett, Public Schools, San Francisco 

Miss Lillian D. Clark, Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley 
The Domestic Visitor, Miss Ednah Rich, President Normal School, 

Santa Barbara, California 
Training the Filipino Girl for Home Service, Mrs. Bessie R. Wolv- 

ington, Philippine Public Schools 
The United States Department of Agriculture and Home Economics, 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Chief, Office of Home Economics, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 



1915] TENTATIVE PROGRAM EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING 11 

2.30 p.m. 

Class Standards of Consumption in Relation to Economic Progress, 

Dr. Jessica B. Peixotto, University of California, Berkeley 
Educating the Modern Girl, Mr. J. H. Francis, Superintendent 
Public Schools, Los Angeles, California 
7.00 p.m. 

Dinner at the California Exposition building 

Saturday, August 28 

10.00 a.m. 

Nutritional Physiology, Dr. M. E. Jaffa, Professor of Nutrition, 

University of California, Berkeley 
Teaching Budgets, Dr. Benjamin Andrews, Teachers' College, 
New York City 



GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS 

For any additional information, address the Chairman of the local 
committee, Miss Ellen M. Bartlett, care Board of Education, San 
Francisco, California. 

The Committee announces that a room in a private house will 
be from fifty cents to a dollar a day ; in an apartment from one to two 
dollars; and in a hotel three dollars up. 

Officers of the Association will be at the Hotel Oakland during the 
Convention. 

Meetings of the Association will be held in the Y. M. C. A. audi- 
toriimi. General headquarters of the Association will be in the 
high school building, Oakland. 

Reservations for rooms should be made early. 

LOCAL COMMITTEES 

Seattle 

Miss Effie Raitt, Head of the Department of Home Economics, Univer- 
sity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, Chairman. 

Mr. Arthur Sewall Haggett, Dean, College of Liberal Arts. 
Miss Isabella Austin, Dean of Women. 
Professor David Thomson. 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [AugUSt 

Professor Henry Kreitzer Benson. 
Professor Frank Marion Morrison. 
Professor E. Victor Smith. 

Oakland 

Miss Ellen M. Bartlett, Supervisor of Public Schools, San Francisco, 
California, Chairman. 

Mrs. Lulie W. Robbins, Supervisor of Home Economics, Oakland. 

Miss Josephine Davis, University of California. 

Miss Bertha C. Prentiss, Supervisor of Home Economics, Berkeley. 

Miss Matie P. Clark, Polytechnic High School, Oakland. 

Miss Edna Rich, President of the State Normal School, Santa Barbara. 

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION 

President — Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Vice-presidents — Marion Talbot, University of Chicago; Benjamin 
R. Andrews, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City; 
Abby L. Marlatt, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 

Secretary — Anna Barrows, Teachers College, Columbia University, 
New York City. 

Treasurer — C. F. Langworthy, 1604 17th Street, Washington, D. C. 



BULLETIN 



or THE 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 3 NOVEMBER, 1915 No. 3 



MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 

August 18, 1915 

The council discussed the program and arrangements for the meet- 
ings on the succeeding days. On motion the President was directed 
to appoint a committee of five on nominations, to be selected with 
the advice of the Council. On motion a committee on resolutions 
was authorized, the appointment to be made by the President. 
On motion a temporary committee on Legislation was appointed to 
consider the report of the Standing Committee on Legislation which 
had been submitted by its Chairman, Professor Kinne, of Teach- 
ers College, and a temporary committee on Press, 'PArs* Dabne 
Chairman. 

B. R. Andrews, Ac^g Secretary. 




August 20, 1915 

The President announced the Committee on Nomii 
lows: Miss Josephine Berry, Chairman; Miss Alice Loomis, Miss 
Catherine MacKay, Miss Ruth Wheeler, Miss Flora Rose, and on 
motion, the Committee was confirmed by the Council. The Presi- 
dent annoimced the Committee on Resolutions: Miss Alice Raven- 
hill, Chairman; Miss Mamie Bunch; and Miss Mary E. Gearing. 
The temporary Committee on Legislation: Miss Jenny Snow, Chair- 
man; Miss Ina K. Pitner; and Mr. Benj. R. Andrews. The appoint- 
ments were confirmed by the Council. 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCLATION [NoVCmber 

APPOINTMENT OF EDITOR 

The President announced that Mrs. Alice P. Norton had been chosen 
by the Editorial Board as Editor of the Journal of Home Economics, 
with an arrangement of $800 compensation for part-time service, 
and that the election of Mrs. Norton had been confirmed by a unani- 
mous vote of the Council taken by correspondence. Mrs. Norton 
is to begin her services on September 1, 1915. 

PERMANENT COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION 

The Permanent Committee on Legislation, with Miss Helen Kinne, 
Chairman, was continued with its present members, namely: Mrs. 
Mary H. Abel, Miss Emma S. Jacobs, Prof. Benjamin R. Andrews. 

In addition the Chairman was directed to increase the member- 
ship of the Committee by inviting the following persons to join it, 
because of their special interest in the Smith-Hughes bill proposing 
Federal Aid to Vocational Education: President W. W. Thompson, 
Ohio State University; President H. J. Waters, Kansas State College; 
Dean B. T. Galloway, Cornell University; Miss Abby L. Marlatt, 
University of Wisconsin; Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Chicago; Mrs. Anna 
Garlin Spencer, New York; and Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman, 
Boston. The Permanent Committee on Legislation was directed 
to take active steps in considering the Smith-Hughes bill. 

THE FINANCE COMMITTEE 

The Finance Committee, composed of Professor Cole, of Harvard 
University, Chairman, the Secretary and Treasurer, and the Presi- 
dent of the Association ex officio, was continued, and was requested 
to make a study of rules for the financial administration of the Associa- 
tion and of the Journal, and to report at the next meeting of the 
Association. The matter of a budget was also referred to the Com- 
mittee for consideration and action if possible. 

RELATION TO NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROMOTION OF INDUSTRIAL 

EDUCATION 

The President, Miss Van Rensselaer, reported that the National 
Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education had asked formal 
cooperation with the American Home Economics Association, and 



1915) MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 3 

especially that a representative of each association should be present 
at the convention of the other and bring about such active coopera- 
tion between the two societies as might be possible. By vote the 
Council appointed Miss Isabel Ely Lord as the representative of the 
Association in bringing about this cooperation. 

MEMBERSHIP IN THE INTERNATIONAL OFFICE FOR THE TEACHING OP 

DOMESTIC SUBJECTS 

By vote the Secretary of the Association was authorized to take 
out a membership in the name of the American Home Economics 
Association in the International Office for the Teaching of Domestic 
Subjects, at Fribourg, Switzerland, and to subscribe for the publi- 
cations of that office, and was directed to bring this International 
office to the attention of members of the Association by an appro- 
priate article in the Journal, and to endeavor to bring about a wider 
cooperation of American teachers of home economics with this inter- 
national organization. 

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON TEACHING OF HOME ECONOMICS 

Mr. Andrews reported that a meeting had been held at Teachers 
College, Columbia University, in May, which brought together 
the members of the Association from the teaching staff of schools and 
institutions in and about New York, and also a group of persons 
interested in the promotion of home economics education in China, 
and that this meeting had by vote asked the American Home Econom- 
ics Association to provide for a permanent committee to develop the 
interest of American teachers in the promotion of home economics 
education in China, India, Turkey, and other countries which are 
now introducing modem systems of education. The meeting had 
been attended especially by a group of Chinese students, both men 
and women graduates and members of the faculty of the Canton 
Christian College which is just now organizing a Chinese College for 
Women in which it is desired to include a home economics depart- 
ment as an important feature. The political and social transition 
in China just at present is affecting domestic institutions particularly, 
and the women of the Oriental Republic need especially instruction 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

in the art of living which home economics teaching can provide. That 
was the opinion expressed at the New York meeting, by Dean Chung 
of the Canton College, formerly Commissioner of Education for a 
large section of South China. The opinion was expressed by members 
of the Council that an International Committee on the teaching of 
home economics might interest members of the Association and stu- 
dents in our colleges and schools to aid in the establishment of the 
Department of Home Economics desired at the Canton Christian 
College, especially since the students and alumni of Teachers College 
are already supporting a professorship of education in that College 
filled by a young Chinese educator who holds his Ph.D. from Colum- 
bia, and also since the students and alumnae of Vassar College are 
supporting the first professorship of women in this institution which 
has been filled by the appointment of Miss Liu, a graduate of Vassar 
and of Teachers College, Columbia. It was felt further by the Coun- 
cil that such an International Committee might widen the view of 
American workers and students in home economics and bring much 
benefit to our own institutions. After discussion, on motion the 
following committee was appointed, with power to add to its mem- 
bers: Mr. Andrews, Chairman, and Miss MacKay. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE "RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND" 

Since the last annual meeting, the Trustees of the Richards Memo- 
rial Fund have met and organized, and provided for the investment 
of the funds in hand, and the Trustees now ask the Association for 
definite suggestions as to the use of the income of the Fund. This 
income, though modest in amount, has great possibilities if wisely 
used. 

The Council of the Association appointed the Board of Trustees, 
composed of twelve persons, elected for terms of three years, the 
Board to be continued by the election of four persons by the Council 
each year. The membership of the first board is as follows: 

For three years: Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, Roland Park, Balti- 
more, Md.; Mr. Frederick B. Pratt, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.; 
Prof. Robert H. Richards, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
Boston, Mass.; Dean Marion Talbot, University of Chicago, Chicago. 

For two years: Prof. Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois, Urbana, 
111.; Mrs. Annie Dewey, Lake Placid Club, Lake Placid, N. Y., 



1915] MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 5 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, United States Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C; Miss Frances Stern, 14 Fessenden Street, Jamaica 
Plain, Mass. 

For one year: Prof. Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers College, 
Columbia University, New York City; President Charles W. Dabney, 
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; President Ednah A. Rich, 
State Normal School, Santa Barbara, Cal.; and James J. Walsh, 
M.D., New York City. 

The Trustees met and organized on January 2, 1915, by electing 
Frederick B. Pratt of Brooklyn, Chairman, and Benjamin R. Andrews, 
of Teachers College, Secretary and Treasurer. 

By resolution of the Council, "The Board of Trustees have responsi- 
bihty for holding and investing the Richards Funds, and all permanent 
funds of the Association, including hfe memberships, and advisory 
relationship for the raising of additional funds." 

This means that the Association now has the cooperation of a per- 
manent board of investment which will care for funds entrusted per- 
manently to the Association for the promotion of the homemaking 
idea. Life membership in the Association, constituted by the pay- 
ment of $50 into the treasury of the Association, may now be urged 
upon members of the Association as a method of making a permanent 
contribution to the progress of home economics. Members are urged 
also, in drawing their personal wills, to make the "American Home 
Economics Association" (the incorporated title of the Association) 
a beneficiary in a sum smaller or larger as circumstances may permit. 
Thus a permanent foundation may be established to continue the 
work in which we have labored together. 

Funds. — July 1, 1914, the amount in hand for the Richards Memo- 
rial Fund was $2,737.05 in cash and $400 inventory of publications 
for sale on hand ; in the past year the Fund has been increased by 
$539.19, including 27 contributions from individuals and from schools, 
and also by the interest from funds in hand. The total now in hand 
is $3,276.24. Of this amount 3S3000 has been invested at 5 per cent, 
and the balance is in banks. 

Suggested Uses of Income. — The following objects have been sug- 
gested for the use of income: 

A medal to be awarded for discoveries or books which will improve 
the arts of housekeeping and homemaking. 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

A prize offered in an essay competition; or a competition in 
house-planning, in house furnishing, etc., open to students in higher 
institutions. 

The promotion of research and laboratory or field studies, for 
example in nutrition, in home management, in child care. 

The publication of special scientific articles too extended to be 
printed in the Journal. 

The establishment of an occasional lectureship in selected insti- 
tutions, for example, in colleges in which home economics courses 
are not yet offered; or lectures to present subject matter which is 
still being developed; for example, just now there is needed a series 
of lectures by some leading economist or sociologist on home prob- 
lems which would interest men as well as women, and which after 
compilation and delivery might be published as a book and made 
available in widening our courses of instruction. 

The establishment of an Ellen Richards exchange professorship 
of home economics, occasionally at least, in women's colleges of 
foreign countries, as for example in the Canton Christian College of 
China, which is just now seeking the establishment of a department 
of home economics. Such a lectureship would aid greatly in intro- 
ducing home science into foreign countries in which modern educa- 
tional systems are taking form, and would bring back a stimulus to 
us who are working for home betterment in the United States and 
Canada. 

The views of members on these and other specific suggestions are 
desired by the Trustees of the Richards Fund. 

[Signed] Benjamin R. Andrews 

Secretary of Board of Trustees of Richards Memorial Fund 

The Council voted to accept the report of the Ellen H. Richards 
Trustees and voted to elect the following persons as Trustees for 
three years beginning January 1, 1916: B. R. Andrews, Teachers 
College; Harriet A. Boyer, New Orleans; Mrs. John A. Widtsoe, 
Logan, Utah; and Miss Ava B. Milam, State College, Corvallis, 
Oregon. 



1915] MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 7 

INVESTIGATION OF COLLEGE DINING ROOMS 

A communication was presented to the Council by Mr. Andrews 
from Miss Nola Treat, Director Elect of the College Commons at 
Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas, asking that the American 
Home Economics Association secure an investigation of college dining 
rooms and lunch rooms with a view to improving the administration 
of such enterprises. After discussion it was voted by the Council 
to ask the Institution Economics Section to arrange for a thorough 
survey of university and college dining and lunch rooms pref- 
erably by securing such an investigation on the part of the Car- 
negie Foundation or some Government agency, if possible, or if this 
prove impossible, by providing itself for such a study. The Secre- 
tary was directed to communicate with Miss Arnold and secure the 
cooperation of Mr. Henry Wright of the Institution Economics 
Section. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON HOME ECONOMICS DAY 

Dr. Andrews reported that the Committee drew up suggestions 
for an observance of December 3, 1914 of the birthday anniversary 
of Ellen Richards, which included: (1) Suggestions for commemo- 
rating the 100th anniversary of the death of Count Rumford, the 
first scientist to study household problems, and thus the forerunner 
of Ellen Richards and scientific workers of today; (2) the pubHcation 
of a biographical sketch of Rumford's work, written at the request 
of the Committee by Professor Webster of Clark University; (3) 
suggestions for a pageant illustrating the progress of homemaking 
from Rumford's day to the present; (4) an original home economics 
play for students, "Prince Caloric and Princess Pieta," which was 
printed in the Household Arts Review of Teachers College and repub- 
lished in pamphlet form. This observance of Ellen Richard's birth- 
day has been a means of emphasizing the history of home economics 
and of developing a professional spirit with regard to the vocation of 
homemaking. No meetings of the Committee have been held but 
cooperation by post has been had. The Chairman recommends that 
a new committee be constituted for 1915, and that a program for 
Richards day be arranged and made available by October 1. In 
connection with observance of Richards' Day, the Committee urges 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

that the Life of Ellen H. Richards be recommended as required read- 
ing in Home Economics and English courses in high schools, and 
moves the following resolution: 

Resolved: That the Secretary be directed to ask the National Council 
of Teachers of English to include the Life of Ellen H. Richards by Caroline 
L. Hunt, in the list of books suggested for home reading and published by 
the council for the use of high school teachers of English. 

And further, that the Secretary be directed to bring to the attention of 
the members of the American Home Economics Association the possibilities 
of using the Life of Ellen H. Richards as a text. 

On motion the report of the Committee on Home Economics Day 
was accepted by the Council, and after further discussion it was voted 
that Dr. Langworthy be asked to complete the preparation of the 
pageant: "America's Gifts to the Old World," and make it available 
as the suggested home economics day program for 1915. 

On vote the following committee, with power to add to its numbers, 
was constituted for the home economics day program: C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Chairman; Miss Caroline Crawford; Miss Helen Atwater; 
Miss Blanche Hazard, of Cornell; and Mrs. E. B. Wilson, of Jeffer- 
son, Ohio. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HOME ECONOMICS 

The Committee was appointed June, 1914, and in accordance with 
the request of the Council the American Library Association appointed 
last autumn a committee to cooperate with this Committee, the chair- 
man being Miss Linda A. Eastman, of the Cleveland Public Library . 

Miss Eastman and I have, of course, been in correspondence, but 
we have both, through pressure of business, been unable to get 
together enough material to submit to our respective committees. 
We have a list, but it does not at all satisfy us. We shall be glad if 
you are willing to continue your Committee for another year, in the 
hope of a more satisfactory report at the next annual meeting. 

[Signed] Isabel Ely Lord, 

Chairman. 

On motion the report of the Committee was accepted with the 
thanks of the Council, and the Committee was continued and asked 
to report at the 1916 meeting. 



1915] MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 9 

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 

The report of Miss Anna Barrows, Executive Secretary of the Asso- 
ciation, which had been earHer presented to the Journal, was called 
to the attention of the Council. The Treasurer of the Association 
reported that contributions had been received for the Executive 
Secretary's fund from members of the Association at the time of the 
Cleveland Convention and in the months since to the amount of 
$467.80. In addition schools and colleges have contributed $640.97 
to the expense account of the Executive Secretary in connection with 
her traveling expenses and local endowment, making a total of re- 
ceipts of $1,108.77. The expenditures against this fund have been 
for the salary of the Secretary for three months, $500; expense fund, 
traveling, hotels, etc., $450,63; total $950.63, leaving a balance in 
the Executive Secretary's fund of $158.14. 

On motion the Secretary was directed to express to Miss Barrows 
the appreciation of the Council for her devoted services in connec- 
tion with the Executive Secretaryship which resulted in bringing 
inspiration and help to home economics workers in such a wide ex- 
tent of territory, and to express further the hope that it might be pos- 
sible to arrange field work of the same character again in the coming 
year. 

COMMUNICATION FROM INTERNATIONAL CHILD WELFARE LEAGUE 

The International Child Welfare League presented to the Council 
a report of its effort in organizing a bureau for furnishing trained 
workers for households on call by the hour. The Secretary was 
directed to acknowledge the communication, expressing the interest 
of the Association in the success of the experiment of the League and 
to refer its report to the Editor of the Journal. 

THE 1916 MEETING 

After canvassing the possibilities for the 1916 meeting of the 
American Home Economics Association the Council decided to accept 
the invitation of the University of Minnesota, presented two years 
ago by Miss Berry. The time of holding the convention was dis- 
cussed, and it was the opinion of the Council that the last week in 
August or thereabouts would be most acceptable. On motion the 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Secretary was directed to communicate to the Institution Economics 
Section at the request of the Council that a joint meeting with the 
Association be arranged for this time at the University of Minnesota. 

treasurer's report I 

The report of the Treasurer was received and entered on the minutes 
as follows: 

REPORT OF THE TREASURER, JUNE 22, 1914, TO JULY 16, 1915, INCLUSIVE 

Statement of Receipts and Disbursements 

Receipts Expenditure!. Balance 

Association $1,514.88 $1,140.02 $374.86 

Journal 7,205.92 5,178.20 2,027.72 

Richards Memorial Fund 337.70 259.80 77.90 

Housekeepers' Department 398 . 75 94 . 00 304 . 75 

Institution Economics Section 255.49 136.99 118.50 

$9,712.74 $6,809.01 $2,903.73 

6,809.01 

Balance, Cash on hand $2,903 . 73 

Balance, Interest-bearing accoimt, Harford Nat. Bk., Bel Air, Md $532 .11 

Balance, Check account, Baltimore Trust Co., Baltimore, Md 2,346.07 

Cash in office 25 . 55 

Total cash on hand $2,903 . 73 

Assets and Liabilities 
Total cash on hand $2,903. 73 

Assets: 

Unpaid dues $289.00 

Unpaid subscriptions 1,592 .00 

Unpaid advertising 354.43 $2,235 .43 

Liabilities (Unpaid bills in hand) 23.00 2, 212.43 

Total Assets $5, 116. 16 

Association 
Receipts: 

Dues collected $1,344.07 

Interest on $519.44 accoimt in Harford Bank 12 . 67 

Executive Secretary Fund, Balance 158 . 14 

$1,514.88 



1915] MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 11 

Expenditures : 

Overdraft from 1914 $71 .40 

Budget allowance for Institution Economics Section 50.00 

Meetings 291 .23 

Bulletins 124.56 

Officers' Expenses 36.06 

Managing Editor's Office (i) 566.77 $1,140.02 

Balance $374.86 

Journal 
Receipts: 

Balance from 1914 $913.80 

Reprints 83 . 50 

Subscriptions 5,477 . 02 

Single Copies, Back Numbers and Volumes 265 .93 

Advertising 456 . 27 

Bibliography 4 . 80 

Books, Profit 4.60 

$7,205.92 
Expenditures : 

Printing $2,793.89 

Editor's Office 96.76 

Managing Editor's Office (|) 2,267 .09 

Miscellaneous 20.46 5,178.20 

Balance $2,027 . 72 

Richards Memorial Fund Account with Association 
Receipts : 

Syllabus $234.22 

Pictures 7 .97 

Reprints 32 .88 

Plays 11.25 

Books 9.72 

Contributions 41 . 66 

$337.70 
Expenditures: 

Overdraft from 1914 $5.09 

Syllabus 47.34 

Money sent to B. R. Andrews, Chm., Fund Committee 110.00 

Pictures 9.00 

Books 7 . 50 

Reprints 25 . 15 

Plays 6.50 

Miscellaneous 49.22 259.80 

Balance $77 .90 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Housekeepers^ Department 
Receipts : 

Balance from 1914 $378. 75 

Contributions 20.00 

$398.75 
Expenditures 94.00 

Balance $304.75 

Institution Economics Section 
Receipts: 

Balance from 1914 67.38 

Budget allowance 50 . 00 

Contributions 138 . 1 1 

255.49 
Expenditures 136.99 

Balance $118.50 

Respectfully submitted, 

C. F. Lang WORTHY, 

Treasurer. 

On motion the books of the Treasurer were referred to the Com- 
mittee on Auditing, Mr. Frank Whitcomb, of Boston, Chairman, 
for examination and a formal report to the Council at its October 
meeting. 

REPORT OF THE JOURNAL OF HOME ECONOMICS 

Dr. Andrews, Associate Editor, reported as follows: 
The Editorial Board during 1914-1915 has been composed of Mrs. 
Mary H. Abel, Editor, and B. R. Andrews, C. F. Langworthy, 
Aima Barrows and Isabel Ely Lord as associate editors; during the 
year, by the vote of the Council, the Editorial Board was enlarged to 
include as ex oihcio members, the president of the Association and the 
chairman of each organized section of the Association. The Journal 
has continued to employ a salaried managing editor, and the post 
has been filled efficiently by Miss Keturah Baldwin, who, with one 
assistant, has maintained an office for the Association and the Journal 
in a rented room now at 2024 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland. 
The responsible editor, Mrs. Abel, who has supervised the Journal 
personally from its third issue, in June 1909, after six full years of 
voluntary unpaid service which has involved the devotion of time 
daily and often whole days to the Journal, is now released from the 
editorship at her own urgent request. 



1915] MEETINGS OF THE COUNCIL 13 

The Editorial Board has recommended to the Council, and the 
Council has adopted the recommendation, that Mrs. Alice Peloubel 
Norton be employed for part time as responsible editor of the Journal. 

Mrs. Norton is a graduate of Smith College (1882) and obtained 
her Master's Degree at the same college in 1897. She served one 
term as Alumnae member of the Board of Trustees. She is also a 
graduate of the Boston Normal School of Household Arts (1896), 
now the Mary Hemenway Department of the Framingham Normal 
School, and has taken a number of courses at the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology and in the graduate school of the University 
of Chicago. 

Mrs. Norton began her teaching in the High School at Brookline, 
Mass., where she also had supervision of the Grammar School work 
in Domestic Science. For several years she was in charge of the 
Home Economics work in the School of Education, University of 
Chicago; and after her resignation acted as supervisory dietitian for 
the public institutions of Cook County, 111. She is the author of 
Food and Dietetics. 

The associate editors have served as advisers to the editor, meeting 
several times as a group during the year, have revised manuscripts, 
read proof, etc. 

The printing of the Journal continues to be done by Williams & 
Wilkins, Baltimore, who have this year begun the soHciting of adver- 
tising for the Journal with promise of increasing the financial returns 
to the Journal. 

The subscription Hst continues to grow and is about 3250 at present. 
The plan of giving the first year's subscription at a rate of $1 to stu- 
dents still in school has brought in several hundred subscriptions. 
The Journal has a budget now of over $6000 a year, and is becoming 
a valuable property, as well as a heavy responsibihty for its managing 
board. One great forward step this year has been the establishment 
of monthly issues of the Journal, ten during the year instead of five. 
This enlargement of the Journal, with the provision for the first time 
of a compensated editor, should mean great progress in this next 
year. The Board asks that ever>' member of the Association aid 
the Journal as follows: 

1 . That every college and normal student graduating be impressed 
with her need of the Journal and her professional responsibihty for 
subscribing to it. The initial $1 rate is available for such students. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

2. That each member send in regularly news items of her institu- 
tion, of new courses, of equipment, of teaching methods, etc. 

3. That suggestions as to desired articles be sent to the Editor. 
The Journal is yours, not the editor's. 

4. That the Journal be recommended to every teacher, home eco- 
nomics worker, and library within your reach. 

On June 5, 1915 there were 2052 regular subscribers, 1164 student 
subscribers, and 36 exchange copies, a total of 3252. On June 30, 
1914 there were 1855 regular subscribers, 188 student subscribers, 
and 28 exchange copies, total of 2071, a growth of 1181 during the 
year. The financial statement for the year shows the following: 

Receipts 

Balance from 1914 $913.80 

Subscriptions 5,477 . 02 

Back numbers and single copies 265 . 93 

Advertising 456 . 27 

Bibliography 4 . 80 

Reprints 83.50 

Book sale profits 4 . 60 

Total receipts $7,205.92 

Expenditures 

Printing $2,793.89 

Editor's Office 96. 76 

Managing Editor's Oflice (| of expense) (other \ charged to Assn.) 2,267.09 

Miscellaneous 20.46 

Total $5,178.20 

Balance 2,027 . 72 

The report of the Journal^osnd was received and ordered printed. 
After discussion the Council voted to constitute the Editorial Board 
for 1915-1916 as follows: 

Editor, Mrs. Alice P. Norton; Managing Editor Miss Keturah 
Baldwin; Associate Editors: Mrs. Mary H. Abel, Dr. C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Miss Anna Barrows and Miss Isabel Ely Lord; ex officio 
members: Miss Martha Van Rensselaer, President of the Association; 
Miss Sarah Louise Arnold, Chairman of the Institution Economics 
Section; Miss Ruth Wheeler, Chairman of the Science Section; 
and Miss Gertrude McCheyne, Chairman of the Extension Section. 

[Signed] B. R. Andrews, 

Acting Secretary. 



1915] BUSINESS MEETING IS 

BUSINESS MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME 

ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, SEATTLE, 

WASHINGTON 

Saturday, August 21, 1915 

The Secretary reported briefly to the Convention the action taken 
by the Council of the Association as reported elsewhere in the minutes 
of the Council. 

EXTENSION OF WOMEN's INSTITUTE AND CLUB WORK IN THE 
CANADIAN PROVINCES 

After discussion, the following resolutions were adopted: 

Whereas, the Canadian delegates at the convention of the American 
Home Economics Association meeting at the University of Washington, 
Seattle, August 19-21, 1915, have met and carefully considered the advis- 
able steps to be taken for the best progress of women's institutes, clubs for 
home betterment and rural development in the Canadian provinces, this 
conference of delegates from schools, colleges, universities, and rural 
extension movements in both the United States and Canada adopts the 
following resolutions: 

Resolved: I. That the conference express to the Dominion and Provincial 
authorities the appreciation felt in both countries for splendid examples 
of home economics work afforded by Canadian schools and Government 
agencies. The women's institutes developed to such high efficiency in 
Ontario and later organized by the other provinces, the superior home eco- 
nomics courses in MacDonald College at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, 
and MacDonald Institute at Guelph, Ontario, and the recent appointment 
of a very competent woman as inspector of household science in the public 
schools of Saskatchewan are typical examples of progress in work for home 
betterment in Canada which bring encouragement to the whole body of 
teachers of home economics in North America. 

II. That the Conference refer to the Canadian government, with an 
earnest request for favorable consideration, the following recommendations 
for the extension of home economics clubs, women's institutes, etc., drawn 
up by the Canadian delegates present at this convention: 

1. That the women's institute and the women's club movement be repre- 
sented in the Department of Agriculture of the Federal Government at 
Ottawa. 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

2. That a Superintendent to take charge of this work in its various 
developments be appointed solely for this purpose in each province of the 
Dominion. 

3. That an annual meeting be organized of those responsible for the 
direction and extension of this work in the Dominion. 

4. That an effort be made to unify this work, to record its organization, 
extension, progress, and prospects by utilizing as its official organ one of 
the journals of high standing associated with agricultural or technical 
interests. 

5. That these recommendations be brought to the attention of the lead- 
ing officials connected with the movement in Canada. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON STATE SUPERVISION OF HOME ECONOMICS 

Miss Alice Thomas, Chairman of the Committee, reported that a 
questionnaire had been sent to the State Departments of Education 
and reported at length upon the returns, offering in conclusion, a 
resolution calling upon the State Education Departments to provide 
a special supervisor of home economics instruction in the public 
schools who should be a person competent by training and special 
ability for this important post. By vote the resolution was referred 
to the Committee on resolutions for further consideration, and later 
the Committee on Resolutions presented to the Convention the fol- 
lowing report which was adopted: 

Resolved: That after careful deliberation the Committee on Resolutions 
recommend that the resolution on the appointment of State Inspectors 
of Home Economics be referred back for further consideration and for 
fuller information as to the organization and supervision of the teachers 
of home economics in the various states — with a view to securing material 
upon which opinions can be formed as to the advisability or the reverse 
of imposing one method of inspection on this subject on all states. 

By vote the convention directed that the Committee on State Su- 
pervision be continued and requested to make a more extended inves- 
tigation during the coming year, and report at the 1916 convention. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION 

Miss Kinne, Chairman of the Committee on Legislation, sent an 
extended report upon the work of that Committee during the past 



1915] BUSINESS MEETING 17 

year. The thanks of the Association were voted to the Committee, 
and its report, which had been referred to a Convention Committee 
on Legislation with Miss Jenny Snow Chairman, was made the 
basis of the following report by the Convention Committee on Legis- 
lation : 

Resolved: 1. That the members of the Association heartily approve 
of the purpose and scope of the Smith-Hughes bill now before the Congress 
of the United States which provided (1) that federal grants of money, to 
be supplemented by equal appropriations by the individual states, be 
given for the training of teachers of home economics, agriculture and trade 
and industrial subjects; (2) that similar grants be made for paying part 
of the salaries of teachers, supervisors, and directors of agricultural sub- 
jects, and of teachers of trade and industrial subjects; and (3) that a federal 
board be established for making investigations of home economics, agricul- 
ture, trade and industrial subjects. 

2. That the committees of the United States House of Representatives 
and the United States Senate having the Smith-Hughes bill in charge be 
asked to report this bill, promptly and favorably, to Congress at the open- 
ing of the coming session. 

3. That our hearty approval be voiced in favor of the Child Labor bill 
now before Congress. 

4. That each member of the Association be urged to acquaint himself 
personally with the measures mentioned above and express his opinion by 
personal letter to the United States Senators and Representatives from his 
State, and to this end that the permanent Committee on Legislation be 
asked to prepare a digest of these bills and place it before all members of 
the Association early in the autumn, and organize an aggressive campaign 
of education amoug home economics workers. 

5. Further, that home economics teachers be urged to inform themselves 
by a comparative study regarding home economics laws in their individual 
states, especially with regard to such matters as (1) Is home economics 
authorized as a school subject? (2) Is home economics required as a 
school subject? (3) Is state aid given to local schools for home economics 
teaching? (4) Are there high state standards for the certification of teach- 
ers of home economics? (5) Is there provision for state supervision of 
home economics teaching through the state education office, state univer- 
sity, or other agency? It is to be noted that the United States Bureau of 
Education is now in a position to furnish full details as to the laws regard- 
ing home economics in the different states. 



18 BULLETIN AAIERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS 

The Committee on Resolutions, with Miss AHce Ravenhill as Chair- 
man, and Miss Mamie Bmich, University of Illinois, and Miss Mary 
E. Gearing, University of Texas, reported the following resolutions, 
which were, on motion, adopted: 

Resolved: 1. That a vote of condolence be passed and sincere expressions 
of regret be placed on record on the premature death of Mrs. Edna Day 
Hyde, with a recognition of the invaluable work she accomplished in the 
field of home economics. 

2. That an expression of heartfelt appreciation be sent to Mrs. Mary 
Hinman Abel in view of her resignation from the editorship of the Journal 
of Home Economics for her devoted and effective labors, over a long term 
of years which have contributed so materially to the satisfactory status 
of the Journal, and for the skill, tact, concentrated effort and discretion 
which successfully pioneered the Journal through its earlier stages and 
guided it to its present influential position. 

3. That an expression of satisfaction be sent from this Association to 
the Secretary of Agriculture at Washington upon the reorganization of 
Bureaus which has resulted in the formation of the OfBce of Home Econom- 
ics, a recognition of the importance and scope of the subject which must 
contribute to its extension, to the solution of its myriad problems and to 
its advancement in many of its relations. 

On recommendation of the Committee on Resolutions the Asso- 
ciation resolved unanimously that cordial votes of thanks and appre- 
ciation for courtesies and assistance generously rendered during this 
meeting of the American Home Economics Association be tendered to : 

1. The University of Washington for the use of its buildings for 
the sessions. 

2. The Women's Faculty Club for the delightful garden party 
offered to members. 

3. The Home Economics Students' Club for the alfresco break- 
fast in Ravenna Park. 

4. The State and City Associations of Teachers of Home Economics 
for the beach dinner on Saturday. 

5. The University Club, Commercial Club and Seattle Chamber of 
Commerce for enjoyable auto rides and steamer trips. 

6. The City Press for the excellence of the reports and space 
accorded to these. 



1915] BUSINESS MEETING 19 

7. Miss Effie Raitt and her assistants, Miss Denny, Miss Cruden 
and Miss Amery for their ceaselesss care of all the details of the 
meeting. 

8. Miss Ivanella Caskin for her admirable cafeteria arrangements. 

9. Miss Adams and others concerned with the opening of sorority 
houses. 

10. The School Board of Seattle for many courtesies extended to 
our convention. 

11. Mrs. Ellen Dabney and her staff for their valuable contribu- 
tions to the interest of the meeting by conducting members who 
wished to visit the schools and markets. 

12. The Home Economics Teachers of Tacoma for their tea and 
reception to members attending the meeting. 

13. The Y. W. C. A. and Women's Club for their hospitality to 
members of the Association. 

14. The officers of the Association, more particularly Miss Van 
Rensselaer and Dr. Andrews, for their conduct of a most successful 
meeting. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS 

The report of the Nominating Committee was received, and a 
ballot was ordered which resulted in the election of the following per- 
sons as officers of the Association: 

President, one year. Miss Martha Van Rensselaer; Vice-President, 
three years, Miss Abby L. Marlatt; Treasurer, one year, William 
Morse Cole; Secretary, one year, Mrs. Alice P. Norton. Councilors 
(each for five years): Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, Miss Edna A. White, 
Miss Fannie Twiss, Miss Mary E. Sweeny and Miss Alice Loomis. 

On motion the business meeting of the Association at Seattle 
adjourned. 

BUSINESS SESSIONS, OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 

August 27-28 

LAW AUTHORIZING DOMESTIC VISITORS 

On resolution, the Association voted unanimously to Mrs. Frank 
A. Gibson of Los Angeles, an expression of its appreciation of her 
services in drawing up and aiding in the adoption of the California 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

law recently signed which authorizes local school boards to appoint 
visiting teachers of home economics to give instruction in household 
arts in the homes of the community, and the advisability of such a 
law in other states was referred to members of the Association and 
its local affiliated societies for consideration. 

COMMITTEE ON COLLECTING FAMILY BUDGETS 

On resolution, the Association directed its President to appoint 
a special committee on collecting family budgets, especially of ex- 
penditures of middle-class families, the committee to seek coopera- 
tion of individuals, of government departments, of departments of 
home economics in colleges, and normal schools, and to publish any 
data secured. 

The Committee appointed were Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, Chair- 
man, Dr. Jessica B. Peixotto. 

RESOLUTIONS ON EDITORSHIP OF JOURNAL 

Resolved: That the convention of members of the American Home 
Economics Association meeting in Oakland express to Mrs. Mary Hin- 
man Abel their appreciation of her devoted services, during six years of 
unremunerated toil, in developing the Journal of Home Economics and 
bringing it to its present high standard of professional excellence; and that 
they express to Mrs. AUce P. Norton, who is now to take up the editorship 
of the Journal of Home Economics, their confidence in the success which 
will attend her work and their readiness to cooperate with her in any way 
possible in advancing the Journal. 

RESOLUTIONS ON OAKLAND MEETINGS 

The Association unanimously expresses its hearty appreciation of 
the services of Miss Ellen Bartlett, Mrs. LuHe Robbins, Miss Davis, 
Miss Bertha Prentiss, Miss Matie Clark and Miss Ednah Rich, 
members of the local committee who made and carried out the arrange- 
ments which have given us so successful a meeting; and extends its 
cordial thanks to all who have contributed papers and addresses 
to the program. Also to the Y. W. C. A. for the use of their beauti- 
ful building and for the reception and afternoon tea given to the 
Association. 

B. R. Andrews, 
Acting Secretary. 



1915] SECTION MEETINGS 21 

SECTION MEETINGS 

INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

At the conference of the Institution Section which was held at 
Lake Placid Club June 25 to 29, 1915, it was voted that the special 
committees remain the same for this coming year. The committees 
with their chairmen are as follows: 

Housekeeping Supplies, Mrs. Annie Dewey, Lake Placid Club. 

Laundry, Miss L. R. Balderston, Teachers College, New York City. 

Per Capita Costs, Mr. W. F. Cole, Harvard University. 

Dietitians, Miss Flora Rose, Cornell University, Ithaca. 

Courses in Institutions Management, Dean Arnold, Simmons College. 

Scliool Lunches, Miss Ah'ce Boughton, Philadelphia. 

Cafeteria Management, Miss Anna Hunn, Cornell University, Ithaca. 

Waste, Miss Mary U. Watson, MacDonald Institute, Guelph, 
Canada. 

Dormitory Management, Miss Elizabeth Goodrich, Simmons Col- 
lege, Boston. 

Food Sanitation, Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Washington, D. C. 

The chairmen of these special committees will be glad to receive 
suggestions of special problems from those in the various fields of 
work. 

It is expected that in the near future complete proceedings of the 
June meeting will be printed. A brief report will be foimd in the 
Journal for October, 1915. Any question regarding this special sec- 
tion may be addressed to the Secretary, Miss Emma H. Gunther, 
Teachers College, New York City. 

NEW SECTIONS 

Two new sections were formed at the Seattle meeting, the Science 
Section, and the Extension Education Section. Both of these, under 
the leadership of committees, held sessions during the Annual Meeting 
at Cleveland, Miss Agnes Hunt acting as chairman for the Science, 
and Mrs. Mary P. Van Zile for the Extension Education Section. 

Each formally appHed to the Association to be admitted as sec- 
tions, and were granted authorization at the Council meeting March 
13, 1915. 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

SCIENCE SECTION 

The Science Section, organized with Miss Ruth Wheeler, University 
of Illinois, as chairman, received reports of research in departments 
and discussed literature of the past year and plans for the coming year. 

The chairman emphasized the great need for more cooperation in 
both teaching and investigation. 

She said: 

In one of the questionnaires that we sent out this year one of the ques- 
tions asked was: "Would you be willing to share your subjects for either 
student, or faculty investigation, with other members of the Section?" 
Only two research workers were willing to do it. One reason given was 
that it did not seem quite safe to announce unfinished investigations, 
partly because the workers want to be sure of the accuracy of the work, 
and partly because they feel that the work belongs to the University and 
ought not to be made public before it is ready for publication. It is quite 
customary in our university to have a chemical research club, and a physio- 
logical research club, with the understanding that without the permission 
of the owner the ideas would not be used before publication, and universities 
are usually very generous in matters of that kind. Such discussions are 
most helpful in inspiration and in giving breadth of view and, within 
limits, entirely fair. Without such cooperation we are all falling short of 
making our best contribution to the big problem which belongs to us all — 
the development of household science. 

The same thing is true in general of the literature. In order to keep 
up at all with the nutrition investigations now one has to read between 
thirty and forty journals. The abstracts help, and the bibliography that 
Mrs. Rose furnishes for our own Journal but we need still further co6per- 
ation. 

If we knew better the work in other institutions in our own line we might 
help the graduate student make up her deficiencies so that she could work 
more easily with the other students. This is even more true in the case 
of undergraduates transferring from one college to another. 

Brief reports were made of experimental work now being carried 
on or recently completed in the following Home Economics Depart- 
ments : 

Michigan Agricultural College: Difference of bread making qualities 
of spring and winter wheats. Bacteriological problem of canning. 

Missouri: Temperatures in cooking. 



1915] SECTION MEETINGS 23 

Purdue: Effect of boiling milk on the consistency of custard. 

Illinois: Work of undergraduates for six weeks at close of semester 
in nutrition. Work of students published in bulletin on the cooking 
of carp, also work in the preparation of chocolate. Reasons for varia- 
bility in salt rising bread. 

Chicago: How much mineral matter and other nutrients must be 
added to the county ration for dependent famihes to bring it up to 
the standard diet? 

Miss Linch of New Zealand gave an account of the development of 
the scientific aspect in Home Economics work in New Zealand saying 
that while at first a less intelligent class of girls had taken the work, 
the college girls elected it with great interest when it was correlated 
with the sciences. 

Dr. Wheeler gained the thanks of the whole section for the time 
that she so courteously gave at a special meeting in answering ques- 
tions regarding recent research. 

In response to the suggestion of many members a motion was made 
and carried that a chairman be appointed with power to organize her 
committee, this committee's duty to be that of conducting a question 
box for information on scientific problems through the columns of the 
Journal of Home Economics. Prof. Amy Daniels of Wisconsin was 
appointed chairman. 

EXTENSION EDUCATION SECTION 

One afternoon session was devoted to the program of the Extension 
Education Section, prepared with the help of the Extension Com- 
mittee, Miss Laura Comstock, chairman. The chief purpose of the 
meeting was to bring the workers into touch with what is being done 
in the field and to show how the work of the laboratory and the class 
room may be fitted to the conditions of the average home. The 
program consisted of reports from various extension workers in the 
states as to methods and equipment used. Mr. C. B. Smith of the 
Department of Agriculture spoke of the Home Demonstration Work 
and what it meant to the women, giving a partial report of the 
experimental project carried on by Mrs. Dresser at Brimfield, Mass. 
Papers were read by Miss Edmonds of Montana, Miss MacDonald 
of Missouri, Miss Knowles and Mrs. Campbell of Iowa, Miss Garvin 
of Indiana, Miss Bunch of Illinois, and others. 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Several of these have been published in the Journal and others wiU 
follow. 

The following day a meeting was held for permanent organization 
and the making of plans for work during the coming year. 

Miss Gertrude McCheyne of Utah Agricultural College was made 
Chairman, and Miss Neale S. Knowles of Iowa State College, Secre- 
tary-Treasurer. 

The following committees were appointed: 

On the training of extension workers: Dr. B. R. Andrews, chairman; 
Miss Rose, Miss Loomis, Miss Comstock and Miss Oberlin. 

On a survey of extension work under urban conditions: Miss Mamie 
Bunch, chairman; Miss Berry and Miss Garvin. 



/' 



/ 



BULLETIN 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
StaJJOTi N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as §^ond -class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 




Series 3 f ilpECEMBER, J915 No. 4 



DIRECTORY AND LIST OF COMMITTEES OF THE 
AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

HONORARY MEMBERS 

Abel, Mrs. John J Woodlawn, Md. 

de Vuyst, M. Paul 22 Avenue des Germains, Brussells, Belgium 

Ravenhill, Alice Chrachveattle, Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island, B.C., Can. 

Thwing, Dr. Charles F Cleveland, Ohio 

LIFE MEMBERS 

Barrows, Anna Teachers College, New York City 

Dewey, Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dewey, Mrs. Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

COMPLETE MEMBERSHIP LIST 



Abbott, Mr. L. R Junior H. S. Bldg., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Director of Manual Training 

Abel, Mrs. John J Woodlawn, Md. 

Abell, Adelaide M 386 Morris Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Agnew, Elizabeth Fort Hays State Nor. Sch., Hays, Kans. 

Professor of Home Economics 

Agnew, Ella G Burkville, Va. 

Alden, Caroline L Bayonne High School, Bayonne, N. J. 

Allen, Annie E 263 Harvard St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Allen, Bemice 5708 Kimbark Ave., Gurnee, HI. 

Allison, Inga ]\I. K Box 877, Lincoln, Nebr. 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Alyward, EmmaB 1750W. Congress St., Chicago, 111. 

Institutional Worker 

Anderson, Annie O Diversified Schools, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Teacher of Home Economics 

Andrews, Dr. Benjamin R Teachers College, New York City 

Assistant Professor of Household Economics 

Andrews, Marion State Nor. Sch. Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Andrex, Edna M 201 N. Franklin St., Delaware, Ohio 

Armstrong, Lillian M Darby, Pa. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Arnold, Mrs. M 2409 Grand Ave., Everett, Wash. 

Arnold, Sarah Louise Boston, Mass. 

Dean of Simmons College 

Ator, Laura Stephensville, Tex. 

Atwater, Helen W Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. of Agr. Washington, D. C. 

Atwater, Ruth Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Domestic Science 

B 

Baer, Edith Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Instructor in Household Economics 

Bailey, E. H. S University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. 

Professor of Chemistry 

Bailey, Ilena May Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. 

Bailey, Sarah Bellevue College, Bellevue, Nebr. 

In Charge of Department of Home Economics 

Baird, Rose A Rockford College, Rockford, 111. 

Baker, Emma R Teachers College, New York City 

Director of Dining Rooms— Instructor in Administration 

Baker, Lillian C Box 301, San Marcos, Tex. 

Baker, Margaret M Menomonie, Wis. 

Balch, Emily C Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Associate Professor of Economics and Sociology 

Balderston, L. Ray Teachers College, New York City 

Instructor of Laundering 

Baldwin, Bertha 286 Warren St., Roxbury, Mass. 

Baldwin, Isabel C West Division H. S., Milwaukee, Wis. 

High School Domestic Science Teacher 

Baldwin, Mary F 638 E. Fulton St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Bales, Alba State Man. Tr. Nor. Sch., Pittsburgh, Kans. 

Barcroft, Hattie J 230 Marguerite Ave., Alhambra, Cal. 

Barker, Mrs. Katherine K Los Angeles H.S., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Domestic Art Teacher 

Barrows, Anna Teachers College, New York City 

Instructor Household Arts 

Barrows, Mary Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Publisher 

Bartholow, Sallie C Public Schools, Washington, D. C. 

Teacher of Domestic Arts 
Bartlett, Mrs. Josiah Oilman Country School, Roland Park, Md. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 3 

Bartlett, Katharine R St. John, New Brunswick, Can. 

Principal Domestic Science 

Basil, Sister Loretta Convent of St. Elizabeth, Convent Station, N. J. 

Bates, Sara L N. H. College, Durham, N. H. 

Extension Service 

Batterson, Mrs. C. W R. F. D. No. 1, Hillsdale, Ore. 

Baxter, Orissa M 57 Farraington Ave., Hartford, Conn. 

Baylor, Adelaide Stute Room 27, State House, Indianapolis, Ind. 

State Supervisor of Home Economics 

Beach, Dorothea Univ. of Maine, Orono, Maine 

Instructor in Home Economics Department 

Becker, Lulu M 401 S. Saganaw St., Pontiac, Mich. 

Bell, Bab State Univ., Columbia, Mo. 

State Institute Lecturer 

Benedict, Mrs. Francis C 195 Pilgrim Road, Boston, Mass. 

Benedict, May D Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y. 

Supervisor of Practical Teaching and Domestic Science 

Benedict, Sarah Chicago, 111. 

Dietitian at Presbyterian Hospital 

Benson, Dr. C. C Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Berg, Ida B : Franklin H. S., Seattle, Wash. 

Lunch Room Manager 

Berry, Grace S. W. Texas State Nor. Sch., San Marcos, Tex. 

Director Home Economics Department 

Berry, Josephine T University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Bevier, Isabel Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IIT. 

Head of Department of Household Science 

Beye, Elizabeth .927 Merchant St., Emporia, Kans. 

Beymer, Alta D Central Sch., Tacoma, Wash. 

Biester, Alice Univ. of Minn., St. Paul, Minn. 

•Assistant Professor in Nutrition 

Bigelow, Gertrude Natick, Mass. 

Instructor in Chemistry and Home Economics 

Bigelow, W. D 1739 H. St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 

Billings, R. Myrtle Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. 

State Supervisor of Home Economics 

Billman, Lulu 38 Fay St., Akron, Ohio 

Birck, Florence E 3201 Clifford St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Birdseye, Miriam H. E. Dept., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Bishop, Lana East Technical H. S., Cleveland, Ohio 

Head of Department of Domestic Art 

Blackman, Edith State Nor. College, Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Director of Foods and Nutrition 

Blacow, Blanche 1226 Broadway, Alameda, Cal. 

Blake, Rosalia E Montrose, Colo. 

Blakey, Susan Dept. of H. E., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Bleeg, Hedwig S Hillsdale, Ore. 

Blenes, Claribel 49 Dufferin St., Monctoro, N. B., Can. 

Blood, Alice F Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Director of School of Household Economics and .'\ssociate Professor of Household 

Economics 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Blunt, Katherine.. . .Dept. of H. E. and Household Arts, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Bond, Clara B Spokane H. S., Spokane, Wash. 

Bookwalter, Mrs. Alfred S 564 Evanswood Place, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Borst, Mrs. Ella H 1900 Emerson St., Denver, Colo. 

Boughton, Alice C Philadelphia, Pa. 

Supervisor of School Luncheons for the League of Home and School Associations 

Boyer, Harriet A H. Sophie Newcomb College, New Orleans, La. 

Boyington, Mrs. R. P Nemadji, Minn. 

Bradley, Alice Boston, Mass. 

Principal of Miss Farmer's School of Cookery 

Bradt, Mrs. S. E DeKalb, 111. 

Braly, Mary L Meridian, Miss. 

Bramble, Mary R 3423 Knott Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Bray, Evelyn Hospital for the Insane, London, Ont., Can. 

Brazos, Julia 136 High St., Middletown, Conn. 

Breckinridge, Sophonisba P Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, lU. 

Instructor in Household Administration 

Bridgman, E. C 86 Warren St., New York City 

Bright, Ruth Albuquerque, N. M. 

Briscoe, Mrs. Charles H Thompson ville. Conn. 

Britten, Mrs. Gertrude S Women's Exchange, Bloomington, 111. 

Brookings, Mrs. Walter DuBois 2619 Devisadero St., San Francisco, Cal. 

Brooks, Mrs. Helen B Oregon Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Head of Domestic Art Department 

Brown, Frances L Kansas State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Brown, Kate Louise 916 College Ave., Burlington, Iowa 

Brown, Mrs. McCarter 32 Park Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Bullard, Sarah H Hutchinson H. S., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Bullock, Lillian E University of N. Dak., University, N. Dak. 

Bunce, Alice J 33 Henshaw Ave., Northampton, Mass. 

Cooking Teacher 

Bunch, Mamie Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

State Leader, Extension Work 

Burbank, Annie F 28 Chandler St., Penacook, N. H. 

Burgess, Emil}' C 26 Curtis Place, Fredonia, N. Y. 

Burns, Amelia E 1427 W. 7th Ave., Spokane, Wash. 

Buss, Dorothy 523 Pendleton Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Buttorfif, Lucy W Nashville, Tenn. 

Assistant Teacher of Domestic Science 

C 

Caldwell, Miss L. W Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Caldwell, Virginia C Public Schools, Roanoke, Va. 

Teacher of Household Science 

Caldwell, Mrs. Wm. H Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y. 

Instructor in Dietetics 

Calvin, Mrs. Henrietta W Bureau of Educ, Washington, D. C. 

Chief, Division Industrial Education and Homemaking 
Camp, Elizabeth F 478 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 5 

Campbell, Mrs. Louise H Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Campbell, Mabel Rhode Island State College, Kingston, R. I. 

Instructor in Domestic Economy 

Campbell, Mabel 223 Willoughby Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Campbell, Mary C Central H. S., Springfield, Mass. 

Director High School Lunch 

Campbell, NeUe J Box 487, Buhl, Idaho 

Carpenter, Mrs. George 12 Portland Place, St. Louis, Mo. 

Carpenter, Mary L R. F. D. No. 4, Attleboro, Mass. 

Teacher of Sewing and Domestic Science 
Casey, Josephine G Man. Tr. H. S., Kansas City, Mo. 

Director Department Domestic Science 

Gate, Mrs. Margaret W 217 I St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Director of Domestic Art 

Caudell, Myrtle V Women's College, Newark, Del. 

Chamot, Georgina E State Nor. Sch., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Champion, Clara W 505 West 121st St., New York City 

Chapin, Florence E 215 Jefiferson St., Hartford, Conn. 

Chapin, Mary T 226 Summit St., Bowling Green, Ohio 

Chesley, WilHam Draper Hall, Amherst, Mass. 

Child, Alfred T Housekeeping Experiment Station, Stamford, Conn. 

Childs, Grace .503 W. Colton Ave., Redlands, Cal. 

Chilton, Orabel Los Angeles State Nor. Sch., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Chollar, Maud Girls' Sch. of Trades, Portland, Ore. 

Instructor of Domestic Science 

Churchman, Sarah B Women's College, Newark, Del. 

Cooking Teacher 

Cimmer, Alice M 15 East Ave., Battle Creek, Mich. 

Clark, Marcia A . .State College for Women, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Clem.IsabelY 118 Lefiferts Place, Brooklyn. N.Y. 

Clendon, Ellen 3704 Prospect Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 

Coffin, Margaret 100 Gainsboro St., Boston, Mass. 

Colby, Eva West 111. State Nor. Sch., Macomb, 111. 

Cole, Eva 1410 Arapahoe St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Cole, Marion L New York Orphanage, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Cole, William M Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 

Colwell, Rachel H Univ. of W. Va., Morgantown, W. Va. 

Head of Home Economics Department 
Comstock, Laura Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. 

Assistant Professor of Domestic Science 

Condit, Elizabeth C Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Supervisor of Household Science 

Conklin, Jean 426 East 26th St., New York City 

Conley, Emma Fond du Lac, Wis. 

State Inspector of Domestic Science 

Connor, Henrietta Unity, Maine 

Converse, Mary East Tech. H. S., Cleveland, Ohio 

Applied Chemistry 
Conway, Geneva Extension Division, Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, Tenn. 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Cooley, Anna M Teachers College, New York City 

Assistant Professor Household Arts Education 

Coolidge, Ellen W Boston, Mass. 

Secretary of Boston Social Union 

Coons, Marie Bradley Poly. Institute, Peoria, lU. 

Cooper, Lenna F Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Dietitian and Director, Domestic Science Department 

Corkran, Mrs. B. W., Jr 200 Goodwood Gardens, Roland Park, Md. 

Cowles, Julia K 248 Ashland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Co.x, Jen L Kans. State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Cox, Marion Y. W. C. A., Canton, Ohio 

Lunch Room Secretary 
Crooks, Nellie Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Director of Home Economics 

Crosby, Mrs. William H 1042 Main St., Racine, Wis. 

Cross, Elizabeth W McKinley Man. Tr. H. S., Washington, D. C. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Crowe, Belle C 419 Sterling Place, Madison, Wis. 

Crowell, Mrs. E. R Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Crozier, Susan L L. F. O. A., Lynchburg, Va. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Cummings, Beatrice 6760 Hawthorn Ave., Hollywood, Cal. 

Cunningham, Mrs. Frederic 135 Ivy St., Brookline, Mass. 

D 

Dabney, Mrs. Ellen P 2064 23d Ave., N., Seattle, Wash. 

Dahlgren, Miss L. H Fresno City Schools, Fresno, Cal. 

Superintendent of Household Art 

Daniels, Ada E District Schools, Hartford, Conn. 

Supervisor of Cooking 

Daniels, Amy L Dept. of H. E., Univ. of Wis., Madison, Wis. 

Daniels, Mabel C University Farm, Lincoln, Nebr, 

Darling, Mrs. Harriet L. B 22 Keiffer St., Brookline, Mass. 

Davis, Grace E New London Academy, Forest Depot, Va. 

Teacher of Domestic Science and Art 

Davis, Laura 54 Alice St., East Providence, R. I. 

Davis, Mamie B Judson College, Marion, Ala. 

Davis, Olive Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. 

Davisson, Mrs. Emma R Univ. of Nebr., Lincoln, Nebr. 

In Charge Women's Clubs 

Day, Helen M 222 Laura St., Peoria. 111. 

Day, Mabel 1034 South Ave., Wilkinsburg, Pa. 

Deacon, Gertrude N Mount Holly, N. J. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Dean, Harriet M 219 Webster Ave., Muskegon, Mich. 

Dean, Mary S 19 Summer St., Adams, Mass. 

Dean, Nellie Box 496, Lynbrook, N. Y. 

deCerkez, Florence E 411 W. 114th St., New York City 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 7 

DeForrest, Georgiana C Burbank Hospital, Fitchburg, Mass. 

Denny, Grace G Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 

Denton, Minna C Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio 

Professor of Home Economics 

Dewey, Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dewey, Mrs. Melvil Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

De Wolf, Rev. H. T Acadia Seminary, Wolfville, N. S., Can. 

Dick, Rhoda E Columbus, Ohio 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Dickenson, Marion E Conn. College for Women, New London, Conn. 

Diehl, Eleanor C Port Chester, N. Y. 

Dike, Alice N 113 Hancock St., Auburndale, Mass. 

DiUard, Mrs. Mary E Lynchburg, Va. 

Secretary Virginia State Teachers Association, Department of Industrial Education 

Dodd, Margaret E Box 77, Brookline, Mass. 

Doeman, Jessie T Ill Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Domestic Science Teacher 

Donham, Agnes Rockland, Mass. 

Dombusch, Louise M Hhld. Econ. Dept., Pub. Schools, Dayton, Ohio 

Dow, Ula M Boston, Mass. 

Assistant Professor Domestic Science 

Dowd, Mary 22 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn, Mass. 

Doyle, Reba F 1625 Plumora Way, San Diego, Cal. 

DriscoU, Susie G High School, Everett, Mass. 

Head of Domestic Science Department 

Dudley, Miss M. F Warren State Hospital, Warren, Pa. 

Duffus, Mrs. William M 1732 Mississippi St., Lawrence, Kans. 

Dunham, Edna B Sandusky Public Schools, Sandusky, Ohio 

Domestic Science Teacher 
Dunlap, Mrs. Henry M Savoy, 111. 

E 

Eadie, Miss E. M Hhld. Sci. Dept. Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Can. 

East, Anna M Ladies' Home Journal, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Editor Housekeeping Department 

Eastmond, Mrs. Margaret H 534 N. 3d East, Provo, Utah 

Ebbets, Charlotte P State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Eckman, Rena S Mass. Gen. Hosp., Boston, Mass. 

Eichenbaum, Nettie . .Heb. Orphan Asyl., Amsterdam Ave. and 138th St., New York City 

Elliott, Clara E Nor. Sch., Hamilton, Ont., Can. 

Instructor in Household Science 

Elliott, S. Maria Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Assistant Professor, Household Economics 

Ely, Mrs. Laura Stewart Holahan Apts., Mason City, Iowa 

Emmons, Deda 191 Farnworth Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

Evans, Margaret M 337 E. Main St., Kent, Ohio 

Evans, Mary 4479 Berlin Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 

Evans, Sydney Y. W. C. A., Norrisfown, Pa. 

Teacher of Home Economics 
Ewart, Nellie E 11 Newman Way, Arlington, Mass. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

F 

Fairall, Henrietta A Hhld. Arts, Washington H. S., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Farrell, Mary R Wayne, Del. Co., Pa. 

Lecturer and Instructor Domestic Science 

Faubian, Rena Nickerson, Kans. 

Feuling, Mrs. Alice Dynes Lombard College, Galesburg, 111. 

Director of Home Economics and Dean of Women 

Field, Ada M George Peabody College for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn. 

Field, Bertha L 1083 N. Front St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Teacher of Domestic Art 

Fields, Grace Washington H. S., Portland, Ore. 

Fish, Ada Z The Wm. Penn H. S., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Director of Art and Home Economics 

Fisher, Mrs. Irving 460 Prospect St., New Haven, Conn. 

Fisher, Katharine A 512 W. 123d St., New York City 

Fitzgerald, Nellie La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. 

Director of Home Economics Department 

Flagg, Etta P Elementary Schools, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Supervisor of Home Economics 

Folger, Harriet Winona State Nor. Sch., Winona, Minn. 

Forbes, Mrs. E. B 118 N. Buckeye St., Wooster, Ohio 

Forster, Mrs. H. W Ill Walnut St., Jenkintown, Pa. 

Francis, Emma 305 Lathrop St., Madison, Wis. 

Francis, Lillias D Tempe Nor. Sch., Tempe, Ariz. 

Director and Instructor in Home Economics 

Franklin, Veta Bellingham Pub. Sch. System, Bellingham, Wash. 

Supervisor of Home Economics 

Franks, Mrs. Thetta Q Llewellyn Park, Orange, N. J. 

Freeman, Frances R Orono, Maine 

Freeman, Herbert C Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Freeman, Mrs. Herbert C Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

French, Lucile G Teachers College, New York City 

French, Mrs. Martha H State Nor. College, Ypsilanti, Mich. 

Director Textiles and Clothing 

F"rich, Lilla P City Hall, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science Department 

Fromme, Nola K S. Dak. State College, Brookings, S. Dak. 

Fuller, Maud 403 Fountain St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Domestic Science Teacher 

G 

Gage, Marian Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Assistant in Household Economics 

Gamble, Mrs. D. B 4 Westmoreland Place, Pasadena, Cal. 

Gardiner, Annie J Ill Russell Ave., St. Catherine, Ont., Can. 

Garvin, Alma Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. 

f Assistant in Home Economics Extension 

Gauger, Marguerite Bald win- Wallace College, Berea, Ohio 

Gaymon, Leah M 123 W. 5th St., St. Paul, Minn. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 9 

Gearing, Mary Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex. 

George, George Auckland, New Zealand 

Director, Technical College 

Gerould, Harriett D Central H. S., Springfield, Mass. 

Head of Home Economics Department 

Gessner, Mabel L New Haven H. S., New Haven, Conn. 

Domestic Science Teacher 

Getaz, Louise Salem Academy and College, Winston-Salem, N. C. 

Gibbs, Winifred S 105 E. 22d Street, New York City 

Teacher of Foods, New York Association for Improving Condition of the Poor 

Gies, Dr. William J 437 W. 59th St., New York City 

Gilbreth, Frank B 77 Brown St., Providence, R. I. 

Consulting Engineer 

Gilchrist, Maude Pocahontas, Iowa 

Dean of Home Economics Department 

Gillett, Lucy H 160 Claremont Ave., New York City 

Gillette, Lucie 73 Blossom St., Lynn, Mass. 

Gilmore Jennie W McKinley H. S., St. Louis, Mo. 

Gilson, Helen E Jefferson Hosp., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dietitian 

Gladish, Nan C Chicago, 111. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Gleason, Helen 265 W. 37th St., Kansas City, Mo. 

Gleason, Margaret Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N. M. 

Goddard, Morrill Care Sunday Sch. Dept. of N. Y. American, New York City 

Goldthwaite, Nellie E State Agr. College, Durham, N. H. 

Dean of Women and Head of the Home Economics Department 

Goodspeed, Helen C Penn Yan, N. Y. 

Gordon, Catherine R Room 175, L. C. C. Education Office, 

Victoria Embankment, London, W. C, Eng. 

Gorton, Geraldine Masten Park H. S., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Domestic Science Teacher 

Goss, Leonarda St. Paul, Minn. 

Editor of The Farmer's Wife 

Graves, LilUan San Dimas, Cal. 

Teacher of Home Economics 

Gray, Cora E Univ. of 111., Urbana, 111. 

Associate in Household Science 

Green, Mrs. Anna G 852 Park Ave., Williamsport, Pa. 

Greer, Carlotta C Technical H. S., Cleveland, Ohio 

Head of Department of Domestic Science 

Gregory, Mrs. John M 1116 E. 54th Place, Chicago, 111. 

Grey, Greta Univ. of 111., Urbana, 111. 

Grindley, Prof. H. S Univ. of 111., Urbana, 111. 

Professor of Animal Nutrition 

Gross, Mrs. Anna R 1100 Ridge j\ve., Evanston, 111. 

Groves, Edna Benson Poly. Sch., Portland, Ore. 

Grube, Lilly Olympia Pub. Schools, Olympia, Wash. 

Supervisor of Home Economics 
Gugenhan, Lottie Vermilion, S. Dak. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Guldlin, Mrs. O. N Fort Wayne, Ind. 

Gunn, Alice M 3 East 26th St., Minneapolis, Minn. 

Gunn, Lilian M Teachers College, New York City 

Instructor in Household Arts 
Gunther, Emma H Teachers College, New York City 

Instructor in Household Arts 

H 

Hadwin, Sibylla Oregon Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Hagelstein, Sophie C 14 Beach St., WoUaston, Mass. 

Haggart, Margaret H State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Hall, Mrs. Caroline Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Director of Domestic Arts Department 

Hall, Eliza P Nassau Indus. Sch., Lawrence, Long Island, N. Y- 

Hallock, Anna F 22 Rochelle Place, New Rochelle, N. Y- 

Hallock, Sarah H Wells College, Aurora, N. Y. 

Hamilton, Mrs. M. DeWitt 612 W. Pierce St., Kirksville, Mo. 

Hammitt, Mrs. Jennie Goessling- 1108 Jefferson St., Wilmington, Del. 

Hammond, Lucy H Colegio Presbyteriano, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Hanna, Agnes K Sch. of Educ, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Hardy, Katherine M 1126 N. Main St., Dayton, Ohio 

Supervisor of Household Economics 
Harkins, Lilla A Dept. of H. E., Univ. of Montana, Bozeman, Mont- 
Harris, Agnes Ellen Extension Div., State College for Women, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Harris, Eleanor Lincoln H. S., Portland, Ore. 

Harris, Elinor A 2223 Union St., Berkeley, Cal. 

Harrison, Florence Univ. of 111., Urbana, 111. 

Supervisor of Practice Teaching 

Hartman, E. Grace Tech. H. S., Fall River, Mass. 

Head of Sewing Department 

Hassebrock, Mamie M State College of Wash., Pullman, Wash. 

Hasslock Clara W. . .Dept. of Dom. Sci., Ga. Nor. and Indus. College, Milledgeville, Ga. 

Hatch, Beulah C Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Assistant in Household Economics 

Hatch, Helen E Man. Tr. H. S., New London, Conn. 

Director of Domestic Science 

Hatch, Mrs. W. M 112 Lincoln Ave., WoUaston, Mass. 

Havens, Coral R Condon Jr. H. S., Detroit, Mich. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Hayes, Maud E Conn. Agr. College, Storrs, Conn. 

Hayward, Maude L 49 Dana St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Hazard, Blanche Dept. H. E., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Hedges, Anna C Hebrew Tech. School for Girls, New York City 

Superintendent , 

Heineman, Mrs. P. G 1930 W. 101st Place, Chicago, 111. 

Heinz, Alice M 2624 Virginia St., Berkeley, Cal. 

Henderschott, Lora 395 Larrabee St., Portland, Ore. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 11 

Henke, Flora 2210 Howard St., St. Louis, Mo. 

Herron, Mrs. Schuyler F Winchester, Mass. 

Hess, Adah H College of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex. 

Instructor in Domestic Art Department 

Hess, Emma C 150 Steuben St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Domestic Science Teacher 

Hessler, Mrs. John C 341 W. Macon St., Decatur, lU. 

Heyle, Essie Pub. Schools, Kansas City, Mo. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Higley, Minnie P 205 N. Utica St., Waukegon, 111. 

Hill, Mrs. Benj. M Boston, Mass. 

Editor of American Cookery 

Hill, Hannah Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. 

HiUer, EUzabeth O Park Ridge, 111. 

Lecturer on Household Economics 

Hilliard, Mrs. Aubrey 298 Washington St., Wellesley Hills, Mass. 

Hincks, Mrs. P. T 1000 Chestnut St., San Francisco, Cal. 

Hiss, Mrs. Charles A 1427 Linden Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Hitchcock, Frederick S New London, Conn. 

Principal of Manual Training School 

Holliday, Nellie M Cincinnati Tuberculosis Hosp., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Dietitian 

HoUister, Helen Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N, V. 

Holloway, Emma F Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y, 

Holmes, Mary R. F. D. No. 4, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Hood, Grace Gordon Lewis Institute, Chicago, lU. 

Assistant Professor in Charge of Domestic Science 

Hoover, Jessie M Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 

Hopkins, Frances Broadway H. S., Seattle, Wash. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Hopkins, Marion E 142 Whitney St., Hartford, Conn. 

Homaday, Helen Hastings College, Hastings, Nebr. 

Head of Home Economics Department 

Home, Elsie R S. Ga. Nor. Sch., Valdosta, Ga, 

Hotchkin, Mrs. Alice M H. S. Lunch Room, Rochester, N. Y. 

Superintendent 

Housekeepers' Alliance 1355 Newton St., Washington, D. C. 

Howe, Amy Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Howe, Frederic W State Nor. Sch., Framingham, Mass. 

Chemistry of Food and Dietetics 

Howe, Mary Univ. of N. Dak., Grand Forks, N. Dak. 

Head of Home Economics Department 

Huckel, B. Eugenie Public Schools, New York City 

Teacher of Cooking 

Huhn, Mary E Moses Taylor Hosp., Scranton, Pa. 

Hunneman, Frances H 11 Mt. Pleasant Ave., Roxbury, Mass. 

Hunsicker, Agnes S Baltimore Pub. Schools, Baltimore, Md. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Hunt, Agnes Mich. Agr. College, East Lansing, Mich. 

Former Professor of Domestic Science 

Hunt, Caroline L U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. 

Expert in Nutrition 

Hunt, Clara Newberry Residence, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Hunt, Florence J State Agr. College, College Park, Md. 

Huntington, S. Ella 187 Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hyams, Isabel F 26 Wales St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Hyde, Mrs. Blanche E George Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn. 

I 

Idtse, Anna Leporte, Mich. 

Ikelheimer, Minnie Eastern District H. S., New York City 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

IngersoU, Blanche Kans. State Nor. Sch., Emporia, Kans. 

Irvin, Mrs. Helen Brooks Myrtilla Miner Nor. Sch., Washington, D. C. 

Instructor in Household Arts 

J 

Jacobs, Emma S Washington Pub. Schools, Washington, D. C. 

Director of Domestic Science 

Jacobson, Harriet C Mt. McGregor Sanitarium, Wilton, N. Y. 

Jennings, Bertha Box 865, Forest Grove, Ore. 

Jennings, Leah New Castle, Ind. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Johnson, Alice A Pub. Schools, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Assistant Director of Household Economy 

Johnson, Helen L Watertown, N. Y. 

National Chairman of Home Economics, General Federation of Women's Clubs 

Johnson, Miss M. A Home for the Friendless, Erie, Pa. 

Superintendent 

Jones, Grace E State Nor. Sch., Carbondale, 111. 

Head of Department of Home Economics 

Jones, Nellie K Smoky Hill Farm, Auburndale, Wis. 

Judy, Mrs. Nannie B H. E. Dept., Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 

K 

Keating, Harriet M 546 N. American St., Stockton, Cal. 

Keen, Charlotte M Detroit Pub. Schools, Detroit, Mich. 

Teacher of Home Economics 

Kehew, Mrs. Mary Morton Boston, Mass. 

President of Women's Educational and Industrial Union 

Keith, M. Helen Agr. Exp. Sta., Urbana, III. 

Assistant in Animal Nutrition 

Kelley, Elizabeth Univ. of Wis., Madison, Wis. 

Kellogg, Mrs. J. H Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Mich. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 13 

Kemp, Lillian A 6 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. 

Kemper, Mrs. Augusta H Box 663, Seattle, Wash. 

Kenny, C. Belle Quincy Mansion Sch., WoUaston, Mass. 

Kenway, Florence L State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Instructor in Science 

Keys, Louesa J Normal, 111. 

King, Lucy C R. I. Nor. Sch., Providence, R. I. 

Instructor in Household Arts 

Kinne, Helen Teachers College, New York City 

Professor of Household Arts Education 

Kinsey, Sarah L Cincinnati Gen. Hosp., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Instructor in Science and Dietetics 

Kirk, Mrs. Alice G Cleveland, Ohio 

Lecturer and Writer, The May Company 

Kittredge, Mabel H 62 Washington Square, New York City 

President of Association of Practical Housekeeping Centers 

Klaer, Edna 530 W. 122d St., New York City 

Knovvles, Neale S Dom. Sci. Extension Dept., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Knowlton, Alice B Care of W. G. Whitman, Valley, Nebr. 

Knowlton, Helen H. E. Lodge, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Kober, Dr. George M Washington, D. C. 

Chairman of Social Betterment Section of Home Commission, Professor of Hygiene 
and Dean of School of Medicine 

Krueger, Jean State Nor. Sch., San Diego, Cal. 

Kugel, Daisy A Stout Institute, Menomonie, Wis. 

Teacher of Cooking 

Kuichling, Mrs. Emil Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N. Y. 

Director 
Kysor, Mabel 127 N. 3d St., Newark, N. J. 

L 

LaGanke, Florence Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 

Laird, Annie L Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Can. 

Assistant Professor of Household Science 

Lake, Carrie 112 N. 2d St., Boise, Idaho 

Lambert, Amelia Ohio Valley Gen. Hosp., Wheeling, W. Va. 

Dietitian 

Lane, Jessie B 73 Stimson Place, Detroit, Mich. 

Lange, Elizabeth C State Nor. Sch., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Langworthy, Dr. C. F U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. 

Chief, Ofl&ce of Home Economics 

Lanman, Faith R Columbus Pub. Schools, Columbus, Ohio 

Director, Department of Domestic Science 

Lathrop, Mrs. George 71 Belmont St., Fall River, Mass. 

LeBaron, Margharetta M 1147 Montana St., El Paso, Tex. 

LeBosquet, Maurice American Sch. of H. E., Chicago, 111. 

Director 
LeFavour, Henry Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

President 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Leon, Edith 228 N. 20th St., Portland, Ore. 

Leonard, Elsie P 1230 Amsterdam Ave., New York City- 
Lewis, Marjorie 1025 E. Irving St., Portland, Ore. 

Lewis, Sarah L Oregon Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Assistant Professor in Domestic Science 
Library, State Normal School of Manual Arts and Home Economics, Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Library, John Crerar Chicago, 111. 

Library, State University Lexington, Ky . 

Liggett, Ella M 73 Stimson Place, Detroit, Mich. 

Limerick, Margaret C 115 S. 42d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Lincoln, Mrs. Mary J 204 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. 

Writer and Lecturer on Household Science 

Lindsley, Mary 509 Honore St., Chicago, 111. 

Lloyd, Mary B 4714 Penn St., Frankford, Pa. 

Locke, Clara E 1609 S. Central St., Terre Haute, Ind. 

Logan, Anna Concord, Cal. 

Long, Alma I State Nor. College, Greensboro, N. C. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Long, Jessie A Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Longeley, Gertrude 115 S. Ridgeland Ave., Oak Park, 111. 

Loomis, Alice M Univ. of Nebr., Lincoln, Nebr. 

Professor of Home Economics 

Loomis, Josephine M 190 Franklin St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Loomis, Mrs. Miriam N The Ludlow, Copley Sq., Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Mrs. Frederick T 305 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 

Lord, Isabel Ely Sch. Hhld. Sci. & Arts, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Director 
Lovejoy, Sara C State College, Pa. 

Dean of Department of Home Economics 

Lundberg, Miss M. G 35 Fiske St., Waltham, Mass. 

Lyford, Carrie A Bur. of Educ, Washington, D. C. 

Specialist in Home Economics 

Lynne, J. Sandbom 301 Summit Ave., N, Seattle, Wash. 

Lyon, Carrie H 5715 Howe St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

M 

Macbrair, Bessie Box, 157, Rio Pedras, Porto Rico 

McCheyne, Gertrude Utah Agr. College, Logan, Utah 

McCollin, Katharine Llanerck, Pa. 

McCormick, Mrs. Jeannette Walnut Hill Sch., Natick, Mass. 

Superintendent 

McCormick, Mary C Teachers College, New York City 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

McCullough, E. Grace Peter Bent Brigham Hosp., Boston, Mass. 

Dietitian 

McDanell, Louise Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. 

Holder of Fellowship of Baltimore Association for Promotion of University Educa- 
tion for Women 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 15 

McDaniel, Annie M Public Schools, Washington, D. C. 

Domestic Science 

MacDermaid, Mary Boston, Mass. 

Director of Domestic Science 

McDonald, May C N. Dak. Agr. Exp. Sta., Agr. College, N. Dak. 

MacDonald, Pearl Penn. State College, State College, Pa. 

McGowan, Mary B Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C. 

Head of Department of Household Science 

MacGregor, Mrs. G. M Box 595, Garfield, Wash. 

McKay, Catharine J Iowa State College of Agr. and Mech. Arts, Ames, Iowa 

Dean of Home Economics Division 

McKenzie, Agnes H Central H. S., Detroit, Mich. 

McKeon, Matilda J Teachers College, New York City 

McKimmon, Mrs. Jane Raleigh, N. C. 

Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Work 

McKinley, Mae Man. Arts H. S., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Teacher of Domestic Science and Domestic Art 

McLean, Marguerite L 157 N. Craig St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

McLeod, Grace Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Instructor in Chemistry 

Madeira, Lucy Washington, D. C. 

Principal of Miss Madeira's School 

Magee, Letitia L 505 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Makelim, Lenora 1100 E. Everett St., Portland, Ore. 

Manchester, Mrs. Melinda I Teachers College, New York City 

Marlatt, Abby L Univ. of Wis., Madison, Wis. 

Head of Department Home Economics 

Marshall, Ida State Teachers College, Greeley, Colo. 

Director of Home Economics Department 

Marshall, Josephine 411 Main St., Burlington, Vt. 

Martin, Mrs. Clarence L 749 S. 2d St., Louisville, Ky. 

Mason, Harriet. Cleveland, Ohio 

Home Economics Editor of The Ohio Farmer 

Mather, Ruth 300 N. Elmwood Ave., Oak Park, 111. 

Matthews, Mary A Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind. 

Maxwell, Mrs. A. E 702 W. Euclid St., Pittsburg, Kans. 

Maxwell, Mirdy 2215 Doswell Ave., St. Paul, Minn. 

Mead, Mrs. Albert D 283 Wayland Ave., Providence, R. I. 

Meade, Virginia Kans. State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Mendel, Dr. Lafayette B Shefl&eld Scientific Sch. of Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. 

Professor of Physiological Chemistry 

Merillat, Margaret 2562 University Place, Washington, D. C. 

Michael, Mrs. Myron J 44 Maiden Lane, Kingston, N. Y. 

Michel, Jennie 157 W. 5th St., Dubuque, Iowa 

Milam, Ava B Oregon Agr. College, Corvallis, Ore. 

Miles, Mildred Duchane High School, Roosevelt, Utah 

Teacher of Home Economics 

Miller, Nell A State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Head of Department of Home Economics 
Milner, S. Fay Chicago Nor. College, Chicago, 111. 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Minot, Dr. James J 188 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

Physician 

Moore, Jessie S Berea College, Berea, Ky. 

Morgan, Sara A 1323 Roanoke St., Roanoke, Va. 

Morison, Mary Peterborough, N. H. 

Morse, Frances R 12 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. 

Morton, Flora Paonia, Colo. 

Mulligan, Catharine A Converse College, Spartansburg, S. C. 

Murphy, Claudia Q 42 Broadway, New York City 

Murphy, Eda Lord Ga. Nor. and Indus. College, Milledgeville, Ga. 

Director Department of Domestic Science 

Murray, Charlotte Shaw Univ., Raleigh, N. C. 

Matron 

Murtland, Cleo 140 W. 42d St., New York City 

Secretary in Charge Women's Work, National Society for the Promotion of 
Industrial Education 

N 

Neave, Ella G No. 16, The Roanoke, Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Neff, Isabel H 104 E. Auburn Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Nellis, Carlotta S 1515 Webster St., Oakland, Cal. 

Nelson, Esther M 416 Pine St., Yankton, S. Dak. 

Nesbitt, Eleanor H Burnville, N. C. 

Newlands, Ethel 51 Eastwood Place, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Nicholass, Louisa A State Nor. Sch., Framingham Center, Mass. 

Nicholson, Mrs. G. R 11402 Bellflower Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 

Nixson, Bertha L 300 S. Brainard Ave., La Grange, 111. 

Noble, Helen G 432 Hoboken Ave., Jersey City, N. J. 

Norris, Miss H. T 1224 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 

Norton, Mrs. Alice P 1326 E. 58th St., Chicago, III. 

Editor of Journal of Home Economics 

Norton, Dr. John F Mass. Institute of Tech., Boston, Mass. 

Assistant Professor of Chemistry of Sanitation 

Nowell, Elizabeth State Nor. Sch., Warrensburg, Mo. 

Director of Home Economics 
Nutting, Adelaide Teachers College, New York City 

Professor of Domestic Administration 

O 

Olsen, Anna M H. E. Dept., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Osborne, Katherine 81-83 St. Stephen St., Boston, Mass. 

Osborne, Lucy A Trade Sch. for Girls, Worcester, Mass. 

Teacher of Power Machine Operating 

Osgood, Millie E Meriden Hosp., Meriden, Conn. 

Ott, Mrs. Charles H 444 Penn. Ave., Waverly, N. Y. 

P 

Palmer, Clara B Cal. State Nor. Sch., Los Angeles, Cal. 

Palmer, Stella Ala. Girls' Tech. Institute, Montevallo, Ala. 

Pancake, Clara 607 Clay St., Cedar Falls, Iowa 

Parker, Mary E Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 17 

Parrish, Nellie E Hackley Man. Tr. Sch., Muskegon, Mich. 

Instructor in Domestic Art 

Parsons, Maude E 1010| California Ave., Urbana, 111. 

Parton, Daphne State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Instructor in Science 

Patterson, Mrs. H. J Md. Agr. College, College Park, Md. 

Patterson, Martha Ala. Girls' Tech. Institute, Montevallo, Ala. 

Payne, Anne MacGregor 317 Outlook Bldg., Columbus, Ohio 

Peacock, Mary H Teachers College, New York City 

Instructor in Household Arts 

Peirson, Louise Santa Monica H. S., Santa Monica, Cal. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Penniman, Annie B Nor. Sch., Framingham, Mass. 

Assistant in Household Arts 

Pennoyer, Dr. N. A Pennoyer Sanatorium, Kenosha, Wis. 

Manager and Senior Physician 

Pett, Mrs. Clara G Gen. Hosp., Winona, Minn. 

Pettit, Muriel M 526 B. St., Santa Rosa, Cal. 

Phelps, Helen G 521 Columbia St., Burlington, Iowa. 

Phillips, Julia 22 Maker Ave., Greenwich, Conn. 

Pierce, Lucy H Tech. H. S., Providence, R. I. 

Director of Domestic Arts 

Pine, Emma San Antonio, Tex. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Pitcher, Chas. S Kings Park, N. Y. 

Pitner, Ina K 40 St. James Park, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Piatt, Marguerite A 3228 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Porter, Grace E Perkins Institution for the Blind, Watertown, Mass. 

Teacher of Housewifery, Cooking and Laundry W^ork 

Porter, Mattie 412 N. 8th St., St. Joseph, Mo. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Post, Anna L 1711 E. Repubhc St., Seattle, Wash. 

Powers, Lelia H Towson, Md. 

Pratt, Caroline D Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. 

Director of Domestic Arts Department 

Pratt, Mrs. George D Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Prentiss, Bertha Berkeley, Cal. 

Supervisor of Household Art and Science 

Prescott, Mrs. C. H., Jr 1624 Hazel Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 

Price, Mrs. Eva G 420 N. Capitol Ave., Lansing, Mich. 

Proctor, Margaret A 138 Queen St., Sarnia, Ont., Can. 

Proudfit, Fairfax T 1119 Peabody Ave., Memphis, Tenn. 

Pulsifer, Miss E. C 533 N. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J. 

Pulsifer, Juha Women's Educ. and Indust. Union, Boston, Mass. 

Superintendent of School Lunch Department 

Putnam, George A Toronto, Ont., Can. 

Superintendent of Department of Agriculture and of Farmers' and Women's Insti- 
tutes for Province of Ontario 

Putnam, Dr. Helen C Providence, R. I. 

President of American Academy of Medicine and Chairman of its Committee on the 
Teaching of Hygiene in the Public Schools 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

R 

Race, Effie J 920 Grove St., Jacksonville, 111. 

Raitt, Effie I Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 

Director Home Economics Department 

Rambo, Jessie F W. Texas Nor. College, Canyon, Tex. 

Randall, Edna M State Nor. Sch., Athens, Ga. 

Director Department of Household Arts 

Randall, Elizabeth C Nashville, Tenn. 

Supervisor in Domestic Science in Public Schools 

Randall, L. Marguerite Brawley, Cal. 

Randall, Lilian Southampton, Maine 

Randolph, Gladys P 1817 Calhoun St., New Orleans, La. 

Rausch, Mary Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 

Assistant Professor of Home Economics in Extension Division 

Ravenhill, Alice Chrachveattle, Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Is., B. C, Can. 

Raymond, Mrs. H. E 21 Berkeley St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Raymond, Mrs. Isaac S R. F. D. No. 58, Sydney, 111. 

Redding, Caroline 706 Everett St., Portland, Ore. 

Rees, Mrs. Mabel L 91 Woodruff Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Cooking Teacher 

Reese, Madge J Exten. Div., Ala. Poly Institute, Auburn, Ala. 

Reeves, Inez E City Hosp., Blackwell's Is., New York City 

Resident Dietitian 

Rendall, Jean F Elementary Schools, Jersey City, N. J. 

Teacher of Cookery 

Renn, Eliza L 490 N. Raymond St., Pasadena, Cal. 

Rexford, Frank A 445 Third Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Rice, Susy, D Berkshire Sch., Sheffield, Mass. 

Rich, Ednah A State Nor. Sch. of Man. Arts and H. E., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

President 

Richards, Prof. R. H Mass. Institute of Tech., Boston, Mass. 

Richardson, Anna E Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex. 

Richardson, Mary B Univ. of Iowa, Ames, Iowa 

Extension Assistant in Home Economics in Junior Work 

Richeson, Virginia C Soldan H. S., St. Louis, Mo. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Ricker, Marion Farmington, Maine 

Rider, Mrs. Grace Godfrey S. Broadway, Nyack, N. Y. 

Rinehart, Gertrude Franklin H. S., Seattle, Wash. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Robbins, Edna B 336 Loma Drive, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Robins, Mrs. Raymond 1437 W. Ohio St., Chicago, 111. 

Robinson, Eva R Univ. of S. Dak., Vermilion, S. Dak. 

Robson, Mrs. R. E Atascadero Club, Atascadero, Cal. 

Rogers, Anna Lincoln H. S., Portland, Ore. 

Teacher of Domestic Art 

Root, Kathryn H 39 Broad St., Stamford, Conn. 

Root, Theodora S N. Y. Orthopedic Hosp., White Plains, N. Y. 

Housekeeper and Dietitian 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 19 

Rose, Flora Cornell Univ., Ilhaca, N. Y. 

In Charge Department of Home Economics 

Rose, Mrs. Mary D. Swartz Teachers College, New York City 

Ross, Lena Ohio State Nor. College, Oxford, Ohio 

Ross, Sarah G 118 Cushing St., Providence, R. I. 

Rothermel, Elizabeth Univ. of Wash., Seattle, Wash. 

Instructor Home Economics Department 

Rothwell, Mrs. Henrietta Goodrich North Hill, Needham, Mass. 

Rugg, Ellen Marshall 1813 Newton St., Washington, D. C. 

Ruggles, Anne R St. Mary's Sch., Knoxville, 111. 

Director Home Economics Department 

Russell, Martha M Sloane Maternity Hosp., New York City 

Hospital Superintendent 

Russell, Susan G State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Student 

Rylcy, Violet M Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Can. 

Superintendent of Dining Hall 



Sabin, Ellen C Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis. 

President 

Sachs, Julius Teachers College, New York City 

Safford, Bertha 50 Nevins St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Sage, Elizabeth 316 N. Indiana Ave., Bloomington, Ind. 

Sale, S. Frances State Nor. and Indus. Sch. for Girls, Harrisonburg, Va. 

Supervisor of Household Arts 

Sanborn, Mrs. A. A 968 Vancouver Ave., Portland, Ore. 

Sargent, Nellie M Box 225, Windsor, Vt. 

Saunders, Agnes 139 E. First St., N., Logan, Utah. 

Sayles, Marie Mass. Agr. College, Amherst, Mass. 

Extension Director in Home Economics 

Schermerhorn, Grace Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Scholes, Bonnie E State Nor. Sch. of Man. Arts and H. E., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Instructor in Domestic Science 

Schroeder, Olga F 119 Fremont St., N. Tonawanda, N. Y. 

Schuyler, Helen Van A National Park Seminary, Forest Glen, Md. 

Head of Home Economics Department 

Secrest, May Cal. Poly. Sch., San Luis Obispo, Cal. 

Head of Household Arts Department 

Seelye, Mary W The Andrews Institute for Girls, Willoughby, Ohio 

SeUers, Marie 14 W. Chestnut St., W. Chester, Pa. 

Shailer Mrs. Wm. G 252 W. 76th St., New York City 

Shapleigh, Bertha E Teachers College, New York City 

Shaw, Caroline N Dennison House, Boston, Mass. 

Shaw, Mrs. Julia W Ardwick, Md. 

Sheffield, Mrs. Wra. Paine 6 Cottage St., Newport, R. I. 

Shepard, Anna U 501 W. 123d St., New York City 

Sheppard, J. L 2219 Knapp St., St. Paul, Minn. 

Sherman, Dr. Henry C Columbia Univ., New York City 

Professor of Chemistry 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Sherman, Mrs. H. C Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 

Shilling, Ida M Mo. State Nor. Sch., Cape Girardeau, Mo. 

Siebert, Gertrude 131 W. Wayne St., Butler, Pa. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Simon, Cornelia E The Miller Man. Tr. Sch., Miller School, Va. 

Instructor in Domestic Science 

Simpson, Frances N. H. Nor. Sch., Plymouth, N. H. 

Household Arts 

Skinner, Edna L Milliken Univ., Decatur, 111. 

Slaght, Mrs. Elizabeth Union H. S., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Teacher and Supervisor of School Lunch Room 

Small, Mary E. L Buffalo Pub. Schools, Buffalo, N. Y. 

Director of Domestic Science 

Smedley, Emma Philadelphia, Pa . 

Director School Luncheon Dept., Board of Public Instruction 

Smith, Anna E State Nor. Sch., St. Cloud, Minn. 

Smith, Laura A Central Branch, Y. W. C. A., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Instructor of Domestic Art 

Smith, LiUie C High School, Brookline, Mass. 

Charge of Chemistry and Home Economics 

Snedden, Dr. David Boston, Mass. 

Commissioner of Education 

Snell, Florence Kans. State Agr. College, Manhattan, Kans. 

Snell, Prof. J. F Macdonald College, Quebec, Can. 

Snow, Jenny H Chicago Nor. College, Chicago, 111. 

Snyder, Jane Franklin H. S., Seattle, Wash. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Sondheim, Stella 65 East 59th St., New York City 

Southard, Lydia Teachers College, New York City 

Head of College Dormitory 

Spalding, Mary 1978 East 116th St., Cleveland, Ohio 

Spaulding, Marian 117 Main St., Middlebury, Vt. 

Sperry, Ruth C Berea College, Berea, Ky. 

Superintendent Boarding Hall 

Spooner, Ella J Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Sporleder, Louise State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Student 

Spring, Helen M 115 S. 42d St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

Stalhnan, Lulu 915 Sixth St., East Las Vegas, N.M. 

Stancill, Sarah K Selma, N. C. 

Stanley, Louise Univ. of Mo., Columbia, Mo. 

Chairman Department of Home Economics 

Stannard, Mrs. Margaret J The Garland School of Homemaking, Boston, Mass. 

Director 

Stanton, Margaret 1017 W. Illinois St., Urbana, 111. 

Stephens, Rhoda M R. F. D. No. 1, Perry, N. Y. 

Stevens, Elizabeth M Ballard H. S., Seattle, Wash. 

Instructor in Home Economics 
Stevens, Grace E Univ. of 111., Urbana, III. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 21 

Stevens, Mrs. Lena Bray St. Lawrence Univ., Canton, N. Y. 

Head of Domestic Science Department of New York State School of Agriculture 

Stevens, Mrs. O. H 32 Pleasant St., Marlboro, Mass. 

Stewart, Frances E Nor. Practice Sch., Chicago, 111. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Stewart, Gwendolyn State Nor. Sch. of Man. Arts and H. E., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Instructor Physiological Chemistry, Textile Chemistry and Home Economics 

Stewart, Isabel L 509 Honor6 St., Chicago, 111. 

Stewart, Mildred P Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Stocking, Mary B 86 Charles St., Boston, Mass. 

Stone, Abbie Coleman Apts., Ridley Park, Pa. 

Stoner, Minna A Agricultural College, N. Dak. 

Head of Department of Home Economics 

Strankland, S. D Andrews Institute, Willoughby, Ohio 

Straube, Emma 354 E. 19th St., Portland, Ore. 

Strong, Mrs. Ann Gilchrist 265 W. McMillan St., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Strong, Eunice E Fairhaven H. S., Fairhaven, Mass. 

Head of Department of Domestic Science 

Studley, Lucy A 105 Market St., Rockland, Mass. 

Sumner, G. Lynn Jefferson Ave. and Linden St., Scranton, Pa. 

Sunderland, Emily K Y. W. C. A., Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Swain, Frances 412 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Ind. 

Sweeney, Mary E University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 

Symonds, May State Nor. Sch., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Student 



Talbot, Marion Uni\-. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Dean of Women 

Taylor, John L Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 

Assistant Comptroller 

Terrill, Bertha M Univ. of Vt., Burlington, Vt. 

Professor of Home Economics 

Thomas, Alice L Poly. H. S., Long Beach, Cal. 

Thompson, Annie Pub. Schools, Michigan City, Ind. 

Supervisor of Household Arts 

Thompson, Christiana M Washington Irving H. S., New York City 

Thompson, Miss E. B 40 Brownell St., New Haven, Conn. 

Thompson, Helen B Conn. College, New Haven, Conn. 

Professor of Home Economics 

Thwing, Dr. Charles F Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 

President 

Tingle, Lilian E Portland H. S., Portland, Ore. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Titsworth, Bertha E Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 

Instructor Home Economics Department 

Toaz, Eleanor D Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 

Assistant Professor Domestic Art 
Tough, Mary 41 S. Willow St., Montclair, N. J. 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Tower, James The Delineator, New York City 

Townsend, Mrs. Robert 204 W. 94th St., New York City 

Tracy, Mary State Nor. Sch. of Man. Arts, and H. E., Santa Barbara, Cal. 

Dean of Faculty 

Treganza, Alice 1110 N. Prairie St., Bloomington, 111. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science Public Schools 

Treen, Daisy B 8 Cumberland St., Boston, Mass. 

Trenholm, M. DeG East Side House Settlement, New York City 

Trimble, M. Lillian 6100 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, lU. 

Trowbridge, Eleanor E Peace Dale, R. I. 

Domestic Science and Domestic Art in School and Settlement 

True, Dr. A. C U. S. Dept. of Agr., Wash. D. C. 

Director of States Relations Service 

Tubbs, Mrs. F. D 129 Wood St., Lewiston, Maine 

Tudor, Mrs. C. W O.xford, Ohio 

Turner, Annabell 200 S. Mills St., Madison, Wis. 

Turner, Louise G Knoxville H. S., Knoxville, Tenn. 

Head of Domestic Science Department 

Turner, Mrs. William L 886 Mitchell Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Chairman Home Economics 

Tuttle, Mary L Woman's Educational and Industrical Union, Boston, Mass. 

Tutton, Mabel A 140 York St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

Tweedy, Mrs. R. L 2300 BellPiower Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 

Twiss, Fannie A Provincial Normal School, Regina, Sask., Can. 

Director of Household Science 

U 

Usher, Susannah 9 Kirkland Place, Cambridge, Mass. 

V 

Vail, Mary B Mills College, Cal. 

Director of Domestic Science Department 

Van Arsdale, May B Teachers College, New York City 

Van Deusen, Myrtie C 414 W. 118th St., New York City 

Van Duzer, Adelaide Pub. School, Cleveland, Ohio 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Van Hoesen, Gertrude Univ. of Chicago., Chicago, 111. 

Assistant Professor in Household Art 

Van Liew, Marion S 228 Washington Ave., Albany, N. Y. 

Van Meter, Anna R Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio 

Van Rensselaer, Martha Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N Y. 

In Charge Department of Home Economics 

Van Zile, Mrs. Mary Univ. of Kans., Manhattan, Kans. 

Professor of Domestic Science 

Vinton, Ellen A 2508 Cliff bourne Place, Washington, D. C. 

Vinton, Frances E 246 Cottage St., Middletown, Conn. 



1915] DIRECTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 23 

W 

Wagner, Mrs. William M 1310 S. 47th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 

WaUcer, Isabel F Illinois Woman's College, Jacksonville, 111. 

Walker, Lula V 706 High St., Farmville, Va. 

Walker, Marion F Wells College, Aurora, N. Y. 

Superintendent of Domestic Affairs 

Ward, Anna L Waterbury, Conn. 

President of Waterbury Institute of Craft and Industry 

Wardall, Ruth A State Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 

Waring, Bernice 2702 Colby Ave., Everett, Wash. 

Warner, Annette G Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 

Warner, Mrs. Kate 724 Hancock St., Portland, Ore. 

Watson, Mary U Macdonald Institute, Guelph, Ont., Can. 

Webster, Mrs. Grace H 447 Surf. St., Lake View Station, Chicago, 111. 

Webster, Mrs. Lorin Holderness School, Plymouth, N. H. 

Weer, Letitia E 310 E. 22d St., Baltimore, Md. 

Weigley, Mildred, 2176 Scudder St. St. Paul, Minn. 

Weimer, Corabel 128 N. Locust St., Denton,Texas 

Weirick, Elizabeth S Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N.Y. 

Weller, Marion 2176 Scudder St., St. Paul, Minn. 

Wellman, Mabel T 414 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Ind. 

Wells, Florence E Saginaw, Mich. 

Supervisor of Domestic Science 

Welsh, A. Blanche Bo.x 563, Fairfield, Maine 

Wheeler, Amelia Whittier Hall, New York City 

Wheeler, Lucile Div. of H. E., University Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 

Wheeler, Ruth Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Whitaker, Mrs. Alice E 758 Quebec St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 

Home Economics Writer, President of Housekeepers' Alliance 

Whitcomb, Emeline S Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo. 

Professor of Home Economics 

Whitcomb, Frank H Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass. 

Publisher 

Whitcomb, Harriet Bishopthorpe Manor, S. Bethlehem, Pa. 

Teacher of Domestic Art and Domestic Science 

White, Edna N Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio 

Associate Professor Domestic Science 

White, Georgia L Mich. Agr. College, E. Lansing, Mich. 

Dean of Division of Home Economics 

White, Grace G Brookline, Mass. 

Proprietor of Sunshine Laundry 

White, Marian McKinley Man. Tr. Sch., Washington, D.C. 

Teacher of Domestic Science 

Whitmore, Mrs. W. G Valley, Nebraska 

Whitney, Jennie Union Settlement, New York City 

Domestic Science 

Whittem, Mrs. Arthur F 9 Vincent St., Cambridge, Mass. 

Whittemore, Henry Framingham, Mass. 

Principal Framingham Normal School, 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 



Whittemore, Margaret Salem Academy, Winston-Salem, N. C. 

Head of Domestic Science Department 

Wiggins, Mrs. Lelia D Camden, N. J. 

Domestic Science Instructor 

Wilcox, Alice W St. Johnsbur>', Vt. 

Director of the Fairbanks Museum of Natural Science 

Wile, Dr. Ira S 230 West 97th St., New York City 

Physician 

Wilkinson, Eleanor 139 E. 1st St., N, Logan, Utah 

Willard, Florence Washington Irving H. S., New York City 

Domestic Science 

Willett, Ethel Dickinson H. S., Jersey City, N. J. 

Instructor in Home Economics 

Williams, Edith C Lasell Seminary, Auburndale, Mass 

Williams, Grace I University Farm, St. Paul, Minn 

Williams, Marie Washington H. S., Portland, Ore 

Wilmot, Mrs. Grace 616 W. 116th St., New York City 

Wilson, Sarah M 5300 Media St., West Philadelphia, Pa 

Winchell, Cora M Teachers College, New York City 

Winchell, Florence 176 Elm Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y 

Winslow, Mrs. C. E. A Lincoln St., New Haven, Conn 

Winslow, Emma A 521 W. 122nd St., New York City 

Winter, Fern 300 Jefferson St., Portland, Ore 

Wood, Angeline H. E. Dept., State School of Agr., Alfred, N. Y 

Woolman, Mrs. Marj' S Simmons College, Boston, Mass 

Director of Domestic Art 

Wright, Mary 1328 Orthodox St., Philadelphia, Pa 

Director of Cooking 



Young, Mrs. Annie H 428 Allen St., Owensboro, Ky. 

Young, Olive M 2320 Normal St., Cedar Falls, Iowa 



Zoffman, Christine 256 N. 15th St., San Jose, C'al. 

LIST OF COMMITTEES 

Editorial Board, Journal of Home Economics 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor Dr. C. F. Langworthy 

Mrs. Mary H. Abel Miss Isabel E. Lord 

Miss Anna Barrows 



Committee on Finance 

Prof. William Morse Cole, Chairman Miss Martha Van Rensselaer 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton 



1915] LIST OF COMMITTEES 25 

Committee on Legislation 

Miss Helen Kinne, Chairman Miss Abby L. Marlatt 

Mrs. Mary H. Abel Mrs. Alice P. Norton 

Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews Mrs. Anna Garlin Spencer 

Dr. B. T. Galloway Mrs. Mary S. Woolman 

Committee on Nomenclature 

Miss Isabel Bevier, Chairman Mrs. Alice P. Norton 

Miss Minna C. Denton Miss Flora Rose 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy Dr. A. C. True 

Miss Abby L. Marlatt Miss Ruth A. Wardall 

Committee on Home Economics Day 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Chairman Miss Caroline Crawford 

Miss Helen Atwater Miss Blanche Hazard 

Mrs. E. B. Wilson 

Committee on State Supervision 

Miss Alice Thomas, Chairman Miss Anna C. Hedges 

Miss M. Katherine Christian Miss Emma S. Jacobs 

Mrs. Ellen P. Dabney Miss Ruth A. Wardall 

Committee on Score Cards in Home Economics 

Miss Florence Harrison, Chairman Miss Jessie P. Rich 

Miss Elizabeth Condit Miss Luella Scovill 

Committee on Exhibits 

Miss Letitia Weer, Chairman Miss May C. Macdonald 

Miss Emma H. Gunther Miss Ava B. Milam 

Miss Anna C. Hedges Miss Potter 

Miss Mildred Weigley 

Commitee on Textiles 

Miss NelUe Crooks, Chairman Mrs. Margaret Blair 

Mrs. Charlotte Gibbs Baker Mrs. Ellen Beers McGowan 

Mr. E. F. Worst 

Committee on Bibliography 

Miss Isabel E. Lord, Chairman Miss Amy L. Daniels 

Miss Alice B. Knowlton 

International Committee on Teaching Home Economics 
Dr. B. R. Andrews, Chairman Miss Catharine J. MacKay 

Committee on Family Budgets 
Dr. B. R. Andrews, Chairman Miss Jessica Peixotto 

Kindly send to the Association Oflfice, Station N, Baltimore, Md., any correction of 
names, addresses, or official position. 



BULLETIN 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Quarterly by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-clast Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 4 MARCH, 1916 No. 1 



ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN HOME ^liii^/^^ 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION .■-: ■i;, 

The annual meeting will be held at Cornell Univdfsity, Ithaca, 
N. Y., June 28- July 3 inclusive. June 28 will be givenVto the meet- /^ 
ings of the Sections, and June 29-July 3 to the general program. 

It is probable that the program of the Association will be con- 
tinued on July 4 in connection with the N. E. A. in New York City. 

A detailed announcement of the program will be pubKshed in the 
next Bulletin. 

Tentative Progeam for the Home Economics Section of the 
Division of Biological Chemistry at the Annual Meeting 
of the American Chemical Society, Urbana, Illinois 
April 19 and 20, 1916 

The occurrence of creatin in the urine of children, Louise Stanley, Chairman, Depart- 
ment of Home Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 

The relation of a diet high in calcium to the calcium content of the tissues. Amy L. 
Daniels, Department of Home Economics, College of Agriculture, University of Wis- 
consin, Madison, Wis. 

Address (Subject to be announced.) F. W. Howe, State Normal School, Framingham, 
Mass. 

Address (Subject to be announced.) Alice F. Blood, Department of Chemistry, 
Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 

The relation of biological chemistry to problems of the community. Report of a sur- 
vey of the food condition at Sing Sing Prison. Emily B. Seaman, Teachers College, 
Columbia University, New York. 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

Digest of data on mineral substances in the diet. Grace MacLeod, Pratt Institute, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Diet in its relation to the treatment of diabetes. E. E. Butterfield, 135 East 34th 
Street, New York, N. Y. 

The relative absorption of various cooking fats by fried foods, and the determination 
of the amount of hydrolysis of cooking fats at high temperatures; also. Physical and 
biological chemistry in the service of Home Economics. Agnes Fay Morgan, College of 
Agriculture, Berkeley, Cal. 

A study of carbohydrates as milk modifiers. Ruth Wheeler, Department of House- 
hold Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Iron rust and its removal — new methods. H. L. Lang and Anna H. Whittelsey, 
Office of Home Economics, States Relations Service, Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Cleaning silver by contact with aluminum in alkaline solution. H. L. Lang and C. F. 
Walton, Jr., Oflice of Home Economics, States Relations Service, Department of Agri- 
culture, Washington, D. C. 

Washing and cleaning. W. D. Bancroft, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N. Y. 

Whipped cream. W. D. Bancroft. 

Phospholipins, lecithins, cephalin, and similar bodies. Mary Louise Foster, Smith 
College, Northampton, Mass. 

The solution of antimony from some enamel cooking utensils. Elizabeth W. Miller, 
Department of Home Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

The temperature of potatoes while cooking and a method of measuring temperature 
during cooking and canning. R. D. Milner, Ofiice of Home Economics, States Relations 
Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

Council Meeting, October 23, 1915 

A meeting of the Council of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation was held in New York City on October 23, 1915, at the Cos- 
mopolitan Club. The meeting was called to order at 10.40, with the 
President, Miss Van Rensselaer, in the chair. 

Present: Miss Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Norton, Professor Cole, Miss 
Arnold, Miss Bevier, Mrs. Calvin, Miss Comstock, Miss Cooper, 
Miss Fish, Miss Lord, Miss Nutting, Miss Root, Miss Sweeney, Dr. 
Langworthy, Dr. Sherman, Dr. True, and Miss Baldwin and Miss 
Rose as guests. 

After a brief report of the last meeting of the Council the first 
business was the ratification of the informal action of the Council 
at Seattle conferring Honorary Membership upon Mrs. Mary Hinman 
Abel "in recognition of her services to the cause of Home Economics, 
especially as editor of the Journal of Home Economics, to which work 
she gave her services for six years." 

Mrs. Norton and Professor Cole offered their resignations from the 



1916] NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

Council because of their election as officers of the Association. These 
were accepted and the vacancies were filled by the election of Dr. C. 
F. Langworthy and Miss Anna Barrows. President Ellen Sabin also 
presented her resignation because of the pressure of other work. 
This was accepted with regret and President Ednah H. Rich was 
appointed in her place. 

A report on the meeting of the Institution Economics Section was 
made by Miss Arnold, relating especially to the publication of the 
reports of the meetings and the financial relation of the Section to 
the Association. Much of the material presented is useful for class 
room work, and it is desirable to have it pubHshed in an available 
form. Mrs. Norton's suggestion that a special bulletin of the Insti- 
tution Section be issued and that reprints in the Journal be made 
of such articles as seem of general interest was discussed by various 
members, and on Professor Cole's motion a committee consisting of 
one member of the Editorial Board, one member of the Institution 
Section and one member of the Council was appointed by the Chair 
with power to act. The committee appointed was Miss Arnold, 
Professor Cole and Mrs. Norton. 

The budget of the Association was discussed informally. A motion 
was made by Miss Lord that the Treasurer be authorized to pay to 
Dr. Andrews for liis trip to Seattle as Acting Secretary, the balance 
of his expenses over the $100 previously voted and the amount con- 
tributed by Teachers College. 

The question of the membership year of the Association, suggested 
by the difficulty that has arisen regarding second bills sent within 
twelve months, was referred to the Executive Committee. 

It was voted to issue twelve numbers of the Journal during the year 
instead of ten as at present if the advertising agent would guarantee 
a thousand dollars worth of advertising. 

Dr. Langworthy offered to the Association for publication the 
pageant "America's Gifts to the Old World" prepared by Miss Helen 
Atwater and himself, saying that any income received from its use 
was to be contributed to the Richards Fund. The Council accepted 
the offer, with thanks. 

On Miss Lord's motion Miss Arnold was appointed, with expenses 
paid, to represent the Association at the meeting of the National 
Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education at MinneapoHs, 
in addition to the joint representative of the two societies. It was 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

suggested that part of her expenses might be met by the National 
Society. 

The president reported that the last week in August is the con- 
venient time for the University of Minnesota to receive the Association 
for the annual meeting. The time and place were confirmed. 

The representation of the Association at the meeting of the Southern 
Education Association was referred to the Executive Committee. 

The time and place of the next Council meeting was referred to 
the Executive Committee, with the suggestions of Detroit in con- 
nection with the Department of Superintendence of the N. E. A. 
and Chicago after the meeting of the National Society at Minneapolis. 

The disposal of the money for life membership and the question 
whether the Journal should be sent to life members was referred to 
the finance committee for consideration and report. 

The advertisement of the Journal in the Survey was continued. 

The moving of the Journal office was discussed. There seems in 
the opinion of the Council no reason under the present conditions 
for continuing the office in Baltimore. Chicago and Washington 
were proposed and the matter referred to a committee to be appointed 
by the president. 

The president was also requested to appoint a committee to define 
the duties of the Journal Board. 

The legislative committee made no formal report but it was stated 
that they plan to have some members attend the hearing on the 
Smith-Hughes Bill. The Council requested the secretary to ask that 
the Smoot Bill be included and given special attention, Dr. Lang- 
worthy emphasizing its immediate importance. It was requested 
that a notice in regard to this bill be put in the Journal. 

The remainder of the meeting was taken up with the discussion 
of the finances of the Association, Mr. Cole presenting his plans in 
detail. 

The two following recommendations were adopted: 

Voted that all funds collected by agents of the Association shall be turned 
over to the treasurer directly without deduction of any sort. 

Voted that the finance committee shall give authority for the disburse- 
ment of funds only to the treasurer, except that it may establish special 
petty cash funds by special appropriations and may authorize other officers 
to disburse such petty cash; but no disbursements of petty cash shall be 
deemed warranted unless covered by vouchers showing the detailed pur- 



1916] NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

pose of the expenditure and signed by the officer for whom appropriation 
has been made, and no payment shall be authorized to be made by the 
treasurer except on warrant, showing the detailed purpose of the expendi- 
ture, signed by an officer in his functional capacity. 

The form of voucher presented by the treasurer was also accepted. 

The treasurer was authorized to pay for clerical work. The pro- 
posed salary of the editor of the Journal, $800 for part time work, 
was confirmed, with the addition of traveling expenses not to exceed 
$200, and the salaries of the managing editor. Miss Baldwin, $1320, 
and her assistant. Miss Grasty, $70 per month were voted. 

It was voted that the treasurer use his discretion in the collection 
of bills. 

[Signed] Alice P. Norton, 

Secretary. 

Council Meeting, February 25, 1916 

A meeting of the Council of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation was held on February 25, 1916 at the Hotel Statler, Detroit, 
Mich. 

Present: Miss Van Rensselaer, Miss Talbot, Miss Marlatt, Mrs. 
Norton, Mr. Cole, ofi&cers of the Association. Miss Berry, Aiiss 
Bevier, Miss Havens, Miss Loomis, Miss Rich, Miss Stanley, Miss 
Sweeney, Miss Terrill, Miss Wheeler, Miss White. 

The meeting was called to order at 8 p.m.. Miss Van Rensselaer 
presiding. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. 

Mr. Cole presented the following report of the finance committee, 
offering a tentative budget serving the double purpose of a report to 
date and a budget for the coming year. 

Membership in the Association is somewhat less than at the corre- 
sponding time last year; $650 has been collected this year as against 
$900 last year. Journal subscriptions are practically the same as 
last year. Receipts for advertising are much increased, the total for 
last year being somewhat over $500, while $850 have already been 
received this year. Receipts for back numbers and reprints, and 
for the Richards Fund have increased. In general the Association 
may count on an increase in income largely from the advertising. 

On the other hand the expenses will be higher than last year due 
to the fact that 12 numbers of the Journal are to be issued instead 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 



of ten; that there is a salaried editor and that other salaries in connec- 
tion with the Journal have been raised. In estimating the expenses 
of the Association an allowance has been made for travelling expenses 
of the officers; this seems not only desirable but necessary since other- 
wise the choice of officers must be Umited to those who can afford the 
expense. 

The Finance Committee, therefore, reports to the Council the 
following budget, and recommends that the appropriations there 
suggested be made, with the understanding that the sums will not 
be expended, unless necessary; but, that in case exigencies call for 
more travelHng expenses, printing, annual meeting expenses and ad- 
vertising than are covered by the appropriations, the amount may 
be exceeded only on unaminous approval of the Finance Committee. 

Budget — American Home Economics Association 

Receipts 

To date Estimated More Total Estimate 
1914-1915 1915-1916 1915-1916 1915-1916 

$1320 Association Dues $650 $350 $1000 $1000 

5100 Journal Subscriptions 3800 1200 5000 

500 Advertising 850 750 1600 

320 Number reprints, etc 250 150 400 7000 

200 Richards Memorial Fund 250 150 400 400 

$8400 

Association: Disbursements 

$560 Salaries OlEcers 

180 Clerical Assistance 130 100 230 

6 Travel 50 200 250 

200 Office general 100 100 200 

125 Bulletin 40 85 125 

300 Annual Meeting (Prep. 1915-16) 50 50 

50 Institution Section 50 50 

$905 

Bal. Surplus 95 
Journal: 

$1025 Salaries Officers 1050 1050 2100 

725 Clerical Assistance 525 400 925 

90 Travel 133 250 400 

2800 Printing 2000 2800 4800 

575 Office general 400 200 600 

25 Advertising 20 30 50 

$8875 
Bal. Deficit 1875 



1916] NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 7 

On motion of Miss Marlatt, this report of the Finance Committee 
was unanimously accepted. 

Two other matters were referred to the Finance Committee by the 
Council at the meeting in New York. 

The Finance Committee reports that to grant life subscriptions to the 
Journal to Life Members would involve granting to Life Members virtually 
quid pro quo, and therefore no advantage would accrue to anyone from 
encouraging such memberships; indeed, to continue to credit such mem- 
berships to the Richards Memorial Fund, as is now done, would with free 
life subscriptions to the Journal actually create a possibly long-lived lia- 
biUty for the Association without return, except to the Fund. The Finance 
Committee has voted to make no recommendations whatever but simply 
to report the facts. 

After discussion, Miss Rich moved that the matter be referred 
back to the Finance Committee with the request for a recommen- 
dation. The motion was seconded and unanimously carried. 

The Finance Committee recommends to the Council that the Richards 
Memorial Fund Trustees be asked to add to the Fund, for five years, all 
income from the Fund — without implication regarding the use of the Fund 
after five years; but this does not contemplate the discontinuance of pubU- 
cation of articles for sale — for these are investments of income; but this is a 
recommendation only, and is not intended to tie the hands of the Trustees. 

The report of the Executive Committee was presented by Mrs. 
Norton. 

The Council at the meeting in New York referred to the Executive 
Committee the question of the membership year of the Association. 
The change in the time of the Annual meeting from December to June 
with the continued use of the calendar year as the membership year, 
has occasionally caused misunderstanding when a bill has been pre- 
sented at the beginning of the year to those who have joined the 
Association at the annual meeting. 

The Executive Committee recommend to the Council that the 
twelve months following the date of joining constitute the member- 
ship year of the Association. 

The recommendation was accepted imanimously by the Council. 

The place and time of the annual meeting were considered by the 
Executive Committee, because of a possible change in plans on 
account of delay in the completion of the new Home Economics 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

building of the University of Minnesota whose invitation had been 
accepted by the Association. 

Seven hundred and sixty post cards were sent out asking the fol- 
lowing questions: 

Will you kindly state whether you would attend the 1916 meeting — 

1 . If held at the University of Minnesota the last week in August. 

2. If held near New York just preceding the meeting of the N. E. A. 
announced for July 3-8 (The Institution section would probably hold 
its meeting at the same place.) 

3. In general, do you prefer to have annual meetings of the Asso- 
ciation held in August or late in June? 

4. Is either time prohibitive for you? 

Three hundred and two replies were received. 

For the 1916 meeting: 

169 voted Yes for New York; No for Minneapolis. 
57 voted Yes for Minneapolis; No for New York. 
19 voted Yes for both. 
43 voted No for both. 
14 were not counted because of indefinite replies. 



302 total. 
In reply to questions 3 and 4: 

163 prefer June; to 38 of these August is prohibitive. 
81 prefer August; to 39 of these June is prohibitive. 
35 have no choice 
23 indefinite. 



302 total. 

Several places were considered, New York City, various summer 
resorts within reasonable distance of New York, and Cornell Uni- 
versity on the invitation of Miss Van Rensselaer. 

On motion of Miss Rich, the Council voted that the meeting be 
held in the East, not in the West, and that the place be determined 
by a committee appointed with power to act. 

The date for the meeting was referred to the Executive Committee 
and the President was requested to appoint a special committee for 
the program. 



1916] NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 9 

The Executive Committee reported that afl&Hated societies are at 
present accepted by the Association without sufl&cient discrimination, 
and recommended to the Council that hereafter no society having 
restrictions of membership at variance with those of the American 
Home Economics Association was to be federated with the Association. 

After discussion it was moved and unanimously carried that the 
whole matter of afl&Hations be referred to a committee who should 
report to the next Council. 

Several applications for affiliation were presented and were re- 
ferred to the Executive Committee with the suggestion that no action 
be taken in any doubtful case until the whole question is determined. 

The Council at its meeting in New York, October 25, 1915, requested 
the President to appoint a committee to determine the financial rela- 
tions between the general Association and the Institution Section, 
with special reference to the printing of the Proceedings. 

The Committee appointed consisted of Miss Arnold, Mrs. Norton, 
and Mr. Cole, who met at Simmons College on November 11, 1915 
and herewith present the following recommendations: 

1. That the general Association shall as soon as feasible publish each 
year the Proceedings of its meetings. 

2. That each section shall eventually publish the Proceedings of that 
section. 

3. That in accordance with this general policy the Institution Section 
shall print immediately the Proceedings of its last meeting to be issued as 
a Bulletin, uniform with the Journal. 

4. That the general ofifice shall assume charge of the printing and dis- 
tribution of these Proceedings but that tlie editing shall be done by the 
Section. 

5. That the cost of printing and distribution shall be divided as follows: 
the Association as hitherto shall appropriate fifty dollars to the work of 
the Section; the attendance fees of the section shall be used so far as 
available; the Proceedings shall be put on sale, and advertisements secured 
by the Section; a guarantee shall be furnished by individuals to cover any 
deficit in the cost; the Journal shall pay for the setting up of all articles 
included in the Proceedings which are later to be printed in the Journal, 
thus diminishing the cost of the proceedings; the Institution Section shall, 
however, pay the storage charge on type thus held; the extra charges for 
distribution, such as postage and addressing, shall be met by the Institu- 
tion Section; the Association shall give the service required for distribution; 
all receipts for sales shall be credited to the section. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. H. R. Smith, President of 
the Central Association of Science and Mathematics Teachers, pre- 
senting a formal application from the Home Economics Section of 
that Association that the Journal of Home Economics become their 
official organ. 

The Journal agrees to print each year a definite number of pages 
furnished by the Association with the approval of the editor, and to 
include notices and reports of meetings. The Central Association 
agrees to canvass for new members, to send out circulars of the 
Journal, to act as agent for collecting subscriptions, and to cooperate 
with the Journal in every possible way. 

The proposition was unanimously accepted by the Council. 

The authors of the pageant "America's Gifts to the Old World" 
recommended to the Council the following plan for its presentation: 

Home Economics Schools and Clubs who present the pageant are 
expected to pay the American Home Economics Association 20 per 
cent of the paid admission; or, if admission is free, $10 with the pur- 
chase of 15 or more copies, or $15 with less than 15 copies. 

Schools and clubs not especially concerned with Home Economics 
will be expected to pay a royalty of $25, and 10 per cent of the gate 
receipts. 

In the case of a small school or club a special arrangement may be 
made upon request. 

In every case any money derived from the sale and use of the 
pageant goes to the Richards Memorial Fund for Home Economics. 

The authors of the pageant suggest that the Council determine the 
minimum charge to be asked in special cases. The Council voted to 
refer the whole matter to the Home Economics Day Committee with 
the suggestion that schools and clubs not especially concerned with 
Home Economics be put upon the same basis as the small school. 

The Secretary presented from Collier's Information Bureau in 
Washington a request that they be given permission to list the Asso- 
ciation in their directory of societies holding themselves willing to 
furnish information in their own Kne of work. 

The matter was referred to the Secretary to investigate, with per- 
mission to act at her discretion. 

In response to an invitation from A. P. Bourland, Executive Secre- 
tary of the Southern Conference, the Council requested Miss Van 



1916] NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 11 

Rensselaer to act as its representative at the coming meeting of the 
Conference, or, if unable to go to appoint a substitute. 

A further request from Mr. Bourland for a combination offer with 
the Journal of Home Economics in connection with the Conference 
Monthly was referred to the Journal Board with approval of the 
general principle of such a combination. 

On motion of Miss Rich the Secretary was requested to thank the 
Detroit Association for their dehghtful hospitality. 

The meeting was adjourned. 

The following vote was passed at the meeting of the Association 
Friday afternoon, February 25. 

The American Home Economics Association assembled in Detroit re- 
affirms its approval of Federal Aid to Vocational Education, as provided 
for by the Smith-Hughes Bill recommended by the President's Commis- 
sion on National Aid to Vocational Education and now before Congress. 

The Association believes, however, that the ends to be served are so 
important and so diversified as to require a Federal Board, the members 
of which shall give their undivided attention to the administration of the 
act and shall be representative of the interest to be served, 

[Signed] Alice P. Norton, 

Secretary. 



BULLETIN 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Five Times a Year by the American Home Economics Association -^ 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered at Second-clas* Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 4 JUNE, 1916 No. 2 



PROGRAM OF THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE 
AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION :. ^^ 

NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ' ?'1S» 

AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NEW YORK 
THE DEPARTMENT OF HOME ECONOMICS 

JUNE 28-JULY 2, 1916 

JUNE 28. SECTION PROGRAMS ■ x' ^ 

EXTENSION 
SCIENCE 
INSTITUTION 
JUNE 29-JULY 2. GENERAL PROGRAM 

GENERAL PROGRAM— ROOM 245 

Thursday, June 29 

7.45 a.m. Meeting executive council at breakfast ■ i; 

Home Economics Apartment, Home Economics Building 
9.30-10.00 a.m. Convenient kitchens (Stereoptican) 

Helen Binkerd Young, Department of Home Economics, Cornell 
University 
Discussion 
10.15-10.45 a.m. Practice houses for students in Home Economics 
Isabel Ely Lord, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn 
Discussion 
11.00-11.45 a.m. The housing problem 

Lawrence Veiller, Secretary National Housing Association, New 
York City 
Discussion 
12.30 p.m. Old-fashioned singing school led by 

Sara Buchanan Hu£f, New York City 
All members of conference are asked to join 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [JunC 

ZjOO p.m. Conference — Health 

Dr. C. E. A. VVinslow, School of Medicine, Yale University- 
Relation of Home Economics education to social hygiene 

Dr. William F. Snow, Chairman American Social Hygiene Asso- 
ciation, New York City 

3 JO p.m. Auto parties, picnics and walking trips to nearby lakes, gorges, glens 

and falls, will be arranged 
8.00-9.30 p.m. Short addresses 

Training women to earn: A national movement 

Alvin E. Dodd, Secretary National Society for the Promotion of 
Industrial Education, New York City 
Several association visitors will be introduced 
9.x p.m. Informal reception on the roof garden to members of the conference 

Friday, June 30 

9 JO- 9.45 a.m. Report : Committee on textiles 
9.45-11 JO a.m. Institution linen 

Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman, National Society for the Promo- 
tion of Industrial Education 
The teaching of sewing 

Celeste Schmit, Department of Home Economics, University of 
Wisconsin 
Standardization of women's clothing 

Ethel Ronzone, University of Missouri 
11 JO a.m. Chemistry and cooking 

Willard D. Bancroft, Department of Chemistry, Cornell Uni- 
versity 
12.30 p.m. Old-fashioned singing school, led by 

Sara Buchanan Huff 
2S)0~3.30 p.m. Conference — -Elementary education in Home Economics 

Martha French, Chairman, State Normal College, Ypsilanti, 

Mich. 
Ada Z. Fish, William Penn High School, Philadelphia 
Adelaide Laura Van Duzer, Cleveland Public Schools 
Home Economics Equipment (Stereopticon) 
2jOO p.m. Conference of administrative workers 

Josephine Berry, Chairman, University of Minnesota 
Conference — Social work in Home Economi. s 

Emma A. Winslow, Teachers College, Columbia University, and 
New York Chaiity Organization Society, Chairman 
JJO p.m. Auto parties, picnics and walking trips to nearby lakes, gorges, glens 

and falls, will be arranged 
8D0* p.m. Omelet and Oatmelia, a travesty given by 

Students in Department of Home Economics, Cornell University 

* A charge of 35 and 50 cents will be made for this entertainment and the proceeds will 
be devoted to the Ellen H. Richards memorial fund. Program will be found on page 6. 

Saturday, July 1 

PROGRAM OF THE COMMITTEE OF FIFTY FOR JOURNALISM 

Ajona Merritt East, Ladies^ Home Journal, Chairman of Committee • 
Mary Hinman Abel, Presiding 

Three to ten minutes oj shrapnel from those on the /.ring lines 

9 JO a.m. Training the pen to keep step with the laboratory 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor of the Journal of Home Economics 
The editor's blue pencil 

Anna Barrows, Teachers College, Columbia University 
Mrs. Jessamine Chapman Williams, University of Arizona 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

Our writing laboratory — the papers 

Harry R. O'Brien, Assistant Professor of Journalism, Iowa State 
College of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 
Where the camera and the pen have each a share — food advertising 

Marion Harris Neil, Editor of Table Talk 
Why the business world needs experts who can write 

Mrs. Grace R. Wilmot, Interior Decorator, New York City 
How Uncle Sam writes 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Office of Home Economics, United States 
Department of Agriculture 
Writing your own press notices 

Mamie Bunch, Extension Department, University of Illinois 
Charting your way 

O. H. Benson, in charge Boys and Girls Club Work, N. and W., 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Balanced menus for print 

Lenna Frances Cooper, Head Dietitian Battle Creek Sanitarium 
Filling the gap: How to cover the distance between the domestic sci- 
ence expert and the editor 

Edward W. Bok, Editor of The Ladies^ Home Journal 

Isabel Bevier, Head of Home Economics Department, University 

of Illinois 
Arthur T. Vance, Editor of the Pictorial Review 
Marie Sellers, Home Department Editor, The Country Gentleman 
Catharine MacKay, Iowa State College of Agriculture 
James Tower, Managing Editor, The Designer 
Mrs. Janet McKenzie Hill, Editor, The American Cookery 
Mildred Maddocks, Good Housekeeping Institute 
Homemaking clubs developed through a farm journal 

Mrs. W. N. Hutt, Editor, Home Circle Department, The Progressive 
Farmer 
Planning my magazine 

Lenorda Goss, Editor, The Farmer's Wife,^ St. Paul, Minnesota 
Helping farm homemakers to study their business 

Harriet Mason, Associate Editor, The Ohio Farmer 
The limitations and needs of a woman's page in the daily newspapers 
Mrs. Eva Von Bauer Hansl, Editor Woman's Page, New York 
Evening Sun 
What the Sunday papers want 

Mrs. Mary Avery, Editor Woman's Page, Sunday Public Ledger, 
Philadelphia 
Passing it on through the daily papers 

Lilla Frich, Supervisor Domestic Science, Minneapolis Public 
Schools 
Writing for the family of low-cost standards 

Florence Nesbit, Field Supervisor, Juvenile Court, Cook County, 
Chicago; and author of Low Cost Cooking 
Printing in response to requests 

Elizabeth McCracken, Editor of Home Progress 
12.30 p.m. Old-fashioned singing school, led by 

Sara Buchanan Huff 
2.00-2.30 p.m. Moving pictures— An Indian Pageant as presented by 

Students in the New York State College of Agriculture 
2.30 p.m. Business meeting, committee reports, and election of officers (Room 245) 

4.00 p.m. Auto parties, picnics and walking trips to nearby lakes, gorges, glens 

and falls will be arranged. 
8.00 p.m. Conference — The budget 

Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers College, Chairman 
Cost of living of students 

Sarah McLeod, Pratt Institute 
S. Maria Elliott, Simmons College 
The clothing budget 

Ethel Ronzone, University of Missouri 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [JunC 

Studies of families in narrow circumstances 

Winifred Gibbs, Secretary Association for Improving Conditions 
of the Poor, New York City 
Budget studies 

Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, Baltimore, Maryland 

Sunday, July 2 

9.00 a.m. Breakfast in the woods on the shores of Beebe Lake 

3.00 p.m. Community meeting — The home and the community 

Music led by Sara Buchanan Huff 

A. R. Mann, Professor of Rural So iology, Cornell University 
7.00 p.m. Group meetings at supper in the Home Economics cafeteria 

Special Meetings. Institutions are invited to arrange with the Home Economics 
cafeteria for tables on occasions when they want to gather their staff and students. 
This will be announced on the final program if notification is sent at once to the Depart- 
ment of Home Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Home Economics Literature. Official representatives of the Association will be in at- 
tendance to take Association dues, to show the publications of the Association and to 
take subscriptions to the Journal. There will be other Home Economics literature 
displayed, but not sold. 

All meetings, unless otherwise stated, will be in the Home Economics Building. 

PROGRAM FOR SECTIONS 

Wednesday, Jitne 28, Room 100 

EXTENSION 

Chairman, Gertrude McCheyne, Utah Agricultural College 
Laura Comstock, presiding 

9.30 a.m. Standardization of extension literature Laura Comstock, Amherst, Mass 

Reports of committees 

Courses of instruction for extension workers . . Elizabeth Velley, Univ. of Wis. 

Relation of extension staff to the university department 

Mamie Bunch, Univ. of 111. 
How we conduct the work in Florida. . . .Agnes Ellen Harris, State Univ., Fla. 
Canada 
How the women's work will be financed 

D. W. Working, U. S. Dept. Agriculture 

The county agent and the home Nellie Kedzie Jones 

Ten minutes discussion 
Business meeting 

Discussion of work accomplished by committees 

Plans for new work 

Election of officers 

Wednesday, June 28, Room 300 

SCIENCE 

Chairman, Ruth Wheeler, University of Illinois 

9.30 a.m. Recent contributions of bacteriology applicable to the home 

Mrs. Josephine Kerr Allison 
The digestibility of starch as affected by various processes of cookery 

Amy Louise Daniels, University of Wisconsin 
Practicable ways of increasing the iron content of the diet 

CaroHne L. Hunt, Office of Nutrition Investigations, Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 
Standardization of cooking temperatures 

Louise Stanley, University of Missouri 
Recent contributions to the knowledge of mineral metabolism 

Grace McLeod, Pratt Institute 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

The new dietetic treatment of diabetes mellitus 

Lenna F. Cooper, Battle Creek, Mich. 
Creatin and Creatinin Excretion 

Mrs. Emma B. Wagner 
Content of a first course in dietetics 

The papers will be short enough to leave time for full discussion, and it is hoped that 
all members of the section will come prepared to take part in the discussion of at least 
one paper. 

Wednesday, June 28, Room 245 

INSTITUTION 

Chairman, Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean of Simmons College, Boston 

9.30 a.m. Students' food: Service at a dormitory table 

EUzabeth Goodrich, Simmons College, Boston 
Psychology of dainty food for students 

Bertha Shapleigh, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York 
City 
Discussion — Problems connected with students' food 
Opened 1 y 

Isabel Ely Lord, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn 
Aided by 

Alice Loomis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 
Anne D. Blitz, Dean of Women, William Smith College, Geneva, N. Y. 
Mary Urie Watson, McDonald Institute, Guelph, Canada 
Demands today for institution managers 

Mary Snow, Research Worker, New York City 
S.OO p.m. Chairman, Professor William Morse Cole, School of Business Administration, 
Harvard University 
Survey of sanitary conditions in institutions 

Dr. C. E. A. Winslow, Anna Lauder Professor, School of Medicine, Yale 
University 
Studies on labor problems 

Henrietta Roelofs, Household Employment Commission, New York 
City 
Organization of service in a new cafeteria 

Blanche Geary, Accounts and Finance, Y. W. C. A., New York City. 

ROUND TABLES AND CONFERENCES— INSTITUTION SECTION 

Cafeteria Management — Wednesday 2.00 p.m. 

Chairman, Anna Hunn, Cornell University 
The cafeteria of Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia 

Anna M. East, The Lid cs' Home Journil, Philadelphia 
A discussion will follow on problems related to cafeteria management, and these con- 
ferences will continue on the succeeding days 
Laundry Management — Wednesday 3.00 p.m. 

Chairman, L. R. Balderston, Teachers College, Columbia University 

A study of laundry costs L. R. Balderston 

Discussion 

Dietitians — Wednesday 

Chairman, Alice P. Atwood, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore 

Report of chairman, followed by discussion 

Chairmen of other committees — Housekeeping supplies. Per capita costs, and Waste, 
will plan to have round tables and conferences if so desired. 



THE LAMENTABLE TRAGEDY OF "OMELET AND 
OATMELL^" 

Given by the Frigga Fylge Club of the Home Economics 

Department 

synopsis 

A parody on Shakespeare's "Hamlet." Although the title reads 
"The Lamentable Tragedy," this is a really musical comedy featuring 
many necessary articles of diet. While the play will disclose fully 
what these are, you may get a previous hint from the prologue. 

PROLOGUE 

{Tune, "Spanish Cavalier") 

A Danish tragedee, — Prepare now to see, 

With horrors that will chill to the marrow; 
With spooks and with bugs, — Policemen and thugs — 

Our play's iilled with weeping and sorrow. 

The hero's Omelet, — Oatmealia is his pet; 

There's Chanticleer and Jim Dumps and Sunny; 
There's Milk, who is queen, — And Fraudius, the king, 

Is false boneless chicken, which is funny. 

Of Postum you have heard — Of Toastem, not a word, 

But here you will find them together. 
lUville is the scene, — And the bad king and queen, 

Will prove to be birds of a feather. 

CORNELL UNIVERSITY AND ITHACA 

Because of its series of small lakes and its numerous waterfalls and 
gorges bounded by hills, the region in which Ithaca Hes has been 
called the Switzerland of America. On the eastern hill of Ithaca 
stands Cornell University, commanding a view of Cayuga Lake, the 
valley, and the sloping hills. 

Ithaca is directly connected with the west — Buffalo and Chicago — 
and with the east — New York and Philadelphia — by the main line 
of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. It is also connected with the main 
line of the Lackawanna Railroad by a short branch line to Owego, 

6 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 7 

and with the main line of the New York Central by branches of the 
Lehigh to Auburn and to Canastota. 

Between Auburn and Ithaca the so-called Short Line, electric and 
steam, runs a part of the way along the east shore of the lake, com- 
manding a fine view of its waters. 

Ithaca has been considered so attractive to tourists that ten-day 
stop-over pri\dleges are granted, as at Niagara Falls. 

As one comes into Ithaca from the east and from the west there is 
an abrupt descent of four hundred feet; the view of the city, lake 
and campus is a surprise and joy. Over the Lackawanna from the 
east there is a commanding view of the country rarely surpassed. 

At the entrance to the campus, at Cascadilla Place, is the first 
building owned by the University, in which at the opening of the Uni- 
versity were the registrar's and faculty offices, recitation rooms, and 
student living-rooms. It has since been used as a faculty and student 
residence building and is now a men's dormitory. 

THE TROLLEYS 

On arrival at either of the lower railway stations one wiU {md a 
street car marked either "Eddy Street" or "Stewart Avenue;" occa- 
sionally will be found one marked "East Ithaca," which carries pas- 
sengers wishing to connect with trains on the Elmira and Cortland 
branch at the East Ithaca station on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. 
Both the Eddy Street and the Stewart Avenue cars carry passengers 
to the central part of the city and to the campus. Both cars pass 
through the city up the hill and make a loop, or belt, around the 
campus. The more direct route is by the Eddy Street car. The 
longer route is by the Stewart Avenue car, which offers the better view. 
The cars meet at the Corner Book Store and near the Ithaca Hotel on 
State Street, where passengers on either of them may change to the 
other by getting a transfer. 

THE HOTELS 

The CUnton House is on Cayuga Street, one block distant from 
State Street and the car line. The Ithaca Hotel is on State Street; 
the cars stop at its entrance. Both hotels are conducted on the 
European plan. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [JunC 

POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE CITY 

. The city has a large and beautiful hospital commanding the view 
of Six Mile gorge and a large high school building on Cayuga Street. 
The Y. M. C. A. building is at the corner of Buffalo and Tioga Streets; 
the post office is at the corner of Buffalo and Tioga Streets opposite 
the Y. M. C. A. building; the Town and Gown Club on Stewart Ave- 
nue, overlooking the Cascadilla gorge; the Business Men's Association 
on Aurora Street, near State; the Western Union Telegraph Office on 
the corner of Aurora and State Streets, east of the Ithaca Hotel; the 
Postal Telegraph on Aurora Street near State; the Bell Telephone at 
the corner of State and South Aurora; the Federal Telephone office 
on Tioga Street, one block from State; Cayuga Lake and Renwick 
Park, at the end of Tioga Street trolley line; the Morse chain works 
on south hill. The city Hbrary is in the First National Bank Building 
at the corner of Tioga and Seneca Streets. The Cornell Infirmary, 
at Sage Place on an elevation on the north side of State Street below 
Stewart Avenue, is the gift of Henry Sage and is open only to students 
of the University for care in sickness. 

..,, • WHAT ONE SEES ON THE CAMPUS 

At the entrance to the campus, at the head of Eddy Street, ap- 
proached from the city by an Eddy Street car, is the White Gateway 
surmounted ))y the university seal and its motto expressed in the 
words of Ezra Cornell: '*/ would found an institution where any one 
may find instri<ction in any study." 

Pass'ng through the gateway one follows the gorge of Cascadilla 
Creek and crosses the stream over a stone arch bridge, under which 
are the falls a d the stream one hundred feet below. This spot has 
the name of tie ^'Giant^s Staircase.'* 

On Central Avenue, leading from the gateway, one passes fraternity 
houses and catches a glimpse of Cayuga Lake. At the right, and not 
far from the gateway, are the red brick Armory and Gymnasium, be- 
hind these is t_ie university heating plant, more easily seen from the 
street car li; e that winds over the bridge at the west of the foot 
bridge, behi. d the armory and the heating plant. 

At the nortj. and rear of the old Armory is the Totem Pole, brought 
from Alaska by Professor Fernow. It represents an Alaskan Indian 
tradition. jn Professor Fernow was connected with the Harri- 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 9 

man expedition to Alaska he succeeded in securing the Totem Pole 
for the Cornell campus. 

If one walks along Central Avenue he sees Sage Cottage, the Uni- 
versity faculty club, at his left and at his right Sage College, in front 
of which is a wide lawn. The street car stops at the rear of Sage 
College. This is the older dormitory for women students at Cornell. 
In its corner stone Ezra Cornell deposited a letter, the contents of 
which are not known, but of which he said: " The letter of which I have 
kept no copy will relate to future generations the cause of the failure of 
this experiment, if it ever does fail, as I trust God it never will." 

Professors' cottages are to be seen on the left of the avenue, and on 
the right is Barnes Hall, the home of the Christian Associations. 

The first of the large buildings on the left is the library, with its 
great tower. At the right is Sage Chapel, in which are interred the 
remains of the founder and his family, in the Sage Memorial apse; 
and the remains of Henry W. Sage and his wife, for whom the chapel 
was named and whose gift it was. 

Going northward along Central Avenue one sees the three original 
Cornell buildings on the left, Morrill, McGraw, and White Halls. In 
Morrill Hall are the university offices; in McGraw Hall are the de- 
partments of physiology, geology, and zoology; in White Hall are the 
College of Architecture and the Department of Mathematics. 

The walk terminates in front of FrankHn Hall, where is located 
the Department of Electrical Engineering. To the west of Franklin 
Hall stood Morse Hall, recently destroyed by fire. It was devoted 
to the Department of Chemistry. To the right of Franklin is a long 
stretch of buildings occupied by Sibley College, containing the shops, 
laboratories, forge, and foundry. The new building farthest to the 
east is the new Rand Hall, devoted to the pattern and machine shops. 

Civil Engineering is located in Lincoln Hall, in front and south of 
Sibley. 

Goldwin Smith Hall of Humanities commands an imposing central 
position on the campus, facing its broad expanse. In the basement 
is the Museum of Classical Archaeology. 

Standing on the campus and facing the south, one sees directly 
before him Boardman Hall, the home of the Law School, and at the 
left Stimson Hall, the College of Medicine. 

On East Avenue is the large armory building under construction, 
and just beyond Sage College is the Veterinary College. On this 



10 BULLETIN AMEEICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [June 

avenue also, along which runs the car line, are the homes of profes- 
sors, and the home of Andrew Dickson White, first President of Cor- 
nell University and later Ambassador to Germany. Proceeding north- 
ward one passes Rockefeller Hall of Physics on the right. At a httle 
distance beyond Rockefeller Hall is the home of the President of the 
University, Jacob Gould Schurman. North of the campus and across 
Fall Creek gorge is the Prudence Risley Hall, a dormitory for Cornell 
women, the gift of Mrs. Russell Sage. Proceeding from East Avenue 
past Rockefeller Hall on a rise of ground above the campus one 
comes to the College of Agriculture, with its various departmental 
buildings. The Main Building is in the center; in it are the offices of 
administration, the United States Weather Bureau on the fourth 
floor, the Dairy Building in the eastern wing, and the Agronomy 
building in the western wing. Between the Main Building and the 
Andrew D. White residence is the Model School House used as the 
office of the Cornell Countryman. At the north of the Main Build- 
ing is the Home Economics Building. Farther east from the Home 
Economics Building is the Soils Building, beyond which he buildings 
of Rural Art, Poultry, Forestry, and the college barns. 

The glasshouses are directly back of the Dairy Building and af- 
ford a practical laboratory for the Department of Horticulture. The 
Mechanics Building is at the north; the Animal Husbandry Building 
is east toward the barns. In this vicinity may be found the school 
gardens, the filtration plant — the gift of Andrew Carnegie — and the 
heating plant for the buildings of the College of Agriculture. 

At the south of the agricultural buildings Hes Alumni Field, with 
its tennis courts, running track, and ball fields. The baseball cage is 
situated still farther to the south with the stadium near by. Between 
Alumni Field and East Avenue is the State Veterinary College. 

TROLLEY LINES 

As has been explained, trolley Hnes connect the lower stations with 
the city, and the city with the campus by proceeding up the hill and 
making the loop. From the corner of Tioga and State Streets in the 
city another Hne goes to Renwick Park and Cayuga Lake. From 
Tioga and State Streets over the Renwick route, and past Renwick 
to South Lansing, runs the Ithaca and Auburn branch road, extend- 
ing along the east side of Cayuga Lake and past the Remington Salt 
Works. 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 11 

A desirable trolley trip is to leave the city by, preferably, the Stew- 
art Avenue car and proceed up the hill around the lower side of the 
campus to Cornell Heights, which lie north of the campus on the 
other side of Fall Creek gorge. Over this hne at the center of Cornell 
Heights is a short line running past the Country Club and to Cayuga 
Heights. Continuing over the campus and down the hill the loop is 
completed. Along the Une are many fraternity houses. 

The campus is over a mile from the central part of the city and a 
mile and a half from the stations. To reach the Home Economics 
Building, one may leave the car at President's Avenue and proceed 
past Rockefeller Hall to the College of Agriculture. The Home Eco- 
nomics Building is at the left; or leaving the car at Reservoir Avenue 
the walk takes one directly to the Home Economics Building in front 
of or back of the Auditorium. 

ATTRACTIVE EXCURSIONS FOR VISITORS 

The gorges and waterfalls of the region around Ithaca have sur- 
passing beauty. Through them there are walks for pedestrians and 
at distances points of interest for those who drive or motor. 

Enfield Falls, seven miles south of Ithaca, is approached by a mac- 
adam. The place has an unusual scenic effect and affords abundant 
opportunity for climbing. There is a walk leading to the head of a 
gorge and to a view of the city and University. The trip through the 
gorge is suitable for one not too unused to rough trips. Between 
Ithaca and Enfield, and in the same gorge, is Buttermilk Falls. 
As this is three miles from the city, it offers to the pedestrian an at- 
tractive objective point. There are the Six Mile, Lickbrook, and 
Coy Glen gorges, also, all of which are worthy of a visit. 

Along the east shore of the lake and accessible by trolley is Rogues 
Harbor, where a hotel awaits travelers. 

Taughannock Falls, nine miles from the city, may be approached 
by the Lehigh Valley Railroad or by boat or macadam. The falls 
are 215 feel high — higher than Niagara — and thus are said to be the 
highest east of the Rocky Mountains. 

The George Junior Republic, of world-wide fame, is at Freeville, 
ten miles from Ithaca. It is accessible by drives or by the Lehigh 
Valley Railroad from the East Ithaca station. 

Boats can be engaged at Ren wick Park for trips on Caynga Lake. 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [june 

Care should be exercised in these trips because the lake is treacherous 
in sudden storms. At other times very comfortable trips may be 
taken from this point. 

The drives and walks about Ithaca are unsurpassed. Under di- 
rection of those who are acquainted with the gorges short trips may 
be taken in the vicinity of campus and city, leading through most 
delightful scenery within the gorges or upon their banks. It is sug- 
gested that visitors interested in tramping trips, bring clothing, in- 
cluding strong shoes, suitable for exploring the numerous gorges in 
the vicinity of Ithaca. 

THE SUMMER SCHOOLS 

The University Summer Session and the Summer School of the 
New York State College of Agriculture, including the courses in Home 
Economics, have announced their courses as beginning July 6 and 
closing August 16. Further information regarding the University 
Summer Session may be obtained from Prof. George P. Bristol, 
Director of the Summer Session; and information concerning the 
Summer School of the New York State College of Agriculture may 
be obtained from the Director, Prof. George A. Works. 

The President's, Treasurer's, and Registrar's offices are in Morrill 
Hall on Central Avenue. 

The Library tower, which commands a view of the campus, city, 
lake, and surrounding country, will be open to visitors during the 
time of the meeting, at hours to be arranged. 

Barnes Hall, the home of the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., is open 
throughout the day. The Cornell University Hbrary will be open from 
9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 

Visitors who leave checks with transfer agents at the railway sta- 
tions may have baggage delivered to their boarding places. The 
charge for dehvering baggage to the campus is 50 cents. There is a 
jitney service in Ithaca. Should visitors wish to engage such service 
before arrival it may be done through the Department of Home Eco- 
nomics, inquiry being made at the train for the conveyance engaged 
by giving name. The street car service extending to the campus 
may easily do away with this necessity. 



1916] PROGRAM OF NINTH ANNUAL MEETING 13 

LITERATURE 

Names may be left at the Information Office in the Home Economics 
building for announcements of the University, and for bulletins of the 
New York State College of Agriculture which include Experiment 
Station and Reading Course bulletins and the Rural School Leaflet. 

The ofl&ce of the American Home Economics Association will be on 
the first floor of the Home Economics building. 

HOURS FOR MEALS 

The Cafeteria of the Home Economics Department will be open for 
breakfast 7.30 to 9.00 a.m., lunch 12.00 to 1.45 p.m., dinner 6.00 to 
7.00 p.m. 

TRANSPORTATION 

Ten day stop-over privileges will be granted on through tickets 
to New York. Special rates may be secured by communicating with 
Paul S. Millspaugh, General Passenger Agent, Lehigh Valley Rail- 
road, Seneca Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y. 

ACCOMMODATIONS 

For information concerning travel, program, and accommodations, 
communicate with Department of Home Economics, Cornell Uni- 
versity, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Rooms will be secured for women at Cascadilla Dormitory just at 
the entrance of the Campus. Cascadilla Dormitory has a system of 
shower baths on all floors. There are no private baths. Some large 
comer rooms will accommodate four persons; others will accommodate 
two, either with single beds or with double deckers. 

Men will be lodged in one of the men's residential halls. 

Men with their wives will be provided for in the University Club. 

When all dormitory rooms are taken, accommodations will be 
secured in private houses as near the Campus as possible. 

Rooms in the dormitories will be $1.00 a day for each person. 

[ Rooms are assigned in order of date of request. Room number and 

location will be sent upon receipt of definite request for rooms. All 

rooms must be vacated by noon Monday to make way for summer 

school students. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Jime 

Meals will be served in the Home Economics Cafeteria, which will 
accommodate all visitors, enabling them to be together for social and 
business conferences. 

Institutions are requested to arrange with the Department of Home 
Economics for tables in the Cafeteria on occasions when they may 
wish to gather together their staff and students. 

All meetings, unless otherwise stated in the program, will be in the 
Home Economics Building. 



HOME ECONOMICS MEETINGS OF THE N. E. A. 

At the Annual Meeting of the N. E. A. to be held in New York the week of July 3, two 
Home Economics section meetings are announced for July 4 and July 5, respectively. The 
meeting on Tuesday, July 4, to be held at the Washington Irving High School, Irving Place 
and 16th Street; that of Wednesday, July 5, at Teachers College. 

PROGRAM 

Tuesday, July 4 

Washington Irving High School — 5th Floor Lunchroom 
President of Home Economics Association, Chairman 
10.00 a.m. Continuation clisses in household arts 

Cleo Murtland, Secretary of Women's Work in the National Society for 
the Promotion of Industrial Education 
Teaching practical dietetics 

C. F. Langworthy, Chief of Office of Home Economics, U. S. Dept. of Agri- 
culture 
Teaching fabric values 

NeUie Crooks, Director of Household Economics, Milwaukee-Downer 
College, Milwaukee, Wis. 
Teaching dress reform through the schools 
Ethel Ronzone, University of Missouri 

Wednesday July 5 

Teachers College, Chapel 
2.00 p.m. Sanitation in food shops and markets 

Donald B. Armstrong, M.D., Association for Improving the Condition 
of the Poor, New York City. 
Supervision of Home Economics instruction 

Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin, Expert in Home Economics, United States 
Bureau of Education, Wasliington, D. C. 
With discussion by Emma Jacobs, Director of Domestic Science, Wash- 
ington, D. C; Margaret Holt, Acting Director of Cookery, New York 
City Schools; Mrs. Anna Hedges Talbot, Supervisor Vocational Edu- 
cation for Girls, New York State; Elizabeth Condit, Supervisor of 
Household Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Survey of Home Economics teaching in the Cleveland schools. 

Alice Boughton, Supervisor of School Luncheons for the League of Home 
and School Associations, Philadelphia, Pa. 

With discussion by Florence Winchell, Ethical Culture School, New 
York City; Arthur D. Dean, Chief, Division of Vocational Schools, 
New York State. 

The N. E. A. will also have two programs of special interest to teachers of Home Economics, 
one on Monday, July 3 at 9.30 a.m. and one on Wednesday, July 5, at 9.30 a.m., both at 
Concert Hall, Madison Square Garden. 

15 



RIES 4 JULY, 1916 NUMBER 3 

BULLETIN 

American Home Economics 
Association 



PAPERS FROM THE 
INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 



ANNUAL MEETING, 1915 
LAKE PLACID CLUB 






PUBLISHED FIVE TIMES A YEAR 

BV THE 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 



BULLETIN 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Five Times a Year by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered u Second-clasi Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 



Series 4 JULY, 1916 No. 3 

REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES, SHOWING 
PROGRESS OF THE YEAR 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON DORMITORY MANAGEMENT 

ELIZABETH M. GOODRICH 
House Superintendent, Simmons College 

Using as a basis the work done and reported on at the Lake Placid 
Conference a year ago, the committee on dormitory management en- 
deavored to secure more definite data on some of the problems presented 
at that time and it is hoped that helpful discussion and suggestion will 
follow the reading of this report. 

The committee this year sent out questions on three topics to different 
types of dormitories, including colleges, private schools. Young Women's 
Christian Associations, and private clubs. The subjects were: (a) 
Time studies in bed making; (b) Methods of washing glass and silver; 
(c) Benefits to be derived by having the marketing under the control of 
the person directly responsible for the menus. 

The problem which every manager of any business has to face is how 
best to save time, labor, and money; and this can be done only by dis- 
covering more efficient methods of doing work. In time studies com- 
paring the average worker with the expert worker, the movement of the 

1 



2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

hands and feet count in saving or losing time. By comparing the 
results of time studies in bed-making the Committee hoped to discover 
the average time in which a bed may be made well with square corners 
and smooth appearance with the fewest movements. Our report shows 
that a bed having one pair of blankets may be made in from four to six 
minutes when the clothing was turned over the foot of the bed without 
entirely removing from the bed. When wholly taken off and the mat- 
tress turned the time averaged from five to seven minutes. This knowl- 
edge assists the housekeeper in arranging the schedules for her workers. 
She knows that she is not demanding too much or receiving too little 
service. 

The result of the investigation in regard to the washing of glass and 
silver was more varied. In one private school of one hundred students 
and in the Young Women's Christian Association of one hundred and 
fifty people the silver was washed by hand. In other institutions dish- 
washers had proved satisfactory. 

The height of the sink is another matter of considerable importance 
connected with dish washing. Thirty-four inches to top of sink is 
given by firms equipping kitchens, but it has been found that 36 inches 
to 38 inches is the more convenient height. 

The committee considered as of vital importance the question whether 
marketing should be done by the person directly responsible for the 
menus. During the past year many instances have been reported 
where expenditure and waste have been increased by lack of cooperation 
between buyer and manager, when the buyer was a person with no 
knowledge of the intimate workings of the department. 

From answers received from this inquiry it would seem that where 
the place was large enough to have a central store house with a general 
purchasing agent, each department buying as from a wholesale store the 
system proved satisfactory; but the matter which the committee would 
bring before the conference is how to control per capita cost under such 
circumstances as the following instances : I quote from correspondence : 

In the fall, the Superintendent bought a supply of canned corn, canned 
peas, tomatoes, apples, green gage plums, peaches and pears. I did not ask 
for any of them. With only two weeks left of the school year, I still have on 
hand 71 cans of peaches, 83 cases of corn, 8 cases of plums, 43 cans of apples. 
The rest I have succeeded in using, but it has meant that the students have. 



REPORT or COMMITTEE ON DORMITORY MANAGEMENT 3 

become very tired of them. With such a supply in my store-room, I did not 
feel like ordering other things. A smaller supply and a greater variety would 
have varied the menus at the same cost. 

Last fall, ten barrels of lettuce were received. One barrel is suflScient for a 
meal. The teachers like it but the students do not. Though I have good 
storage facilities for keeping food, such food as lettuce and spinach must be 
used as soon as possible. At another time five barrels of beets were received. 
No one cares for them and one-half barrel is sufficient for a meal. After 
having managed to use eight barrels of spinach a few weeks ago (I need only 
two for one meal), six more barrels arrived. 

It has been so with other supplies. The food bought is always of the best 
quality and it is seldom that anything I order is refused. The point is that 
I get more than I order and do not feel that I can order what I should like 
until I have used what I receive. 

After seven months experience with a general buyer and three months of 
personal marketing, I find that direct communication with markets and mer- 
chants gives more satisfactory results as to grades, exact quantities, etc.; 
that there is a great advantage in having bills come directly to the house, 
where they can be ''checked up" when goods arrive; that a "middleman" 
makes adjustments a little more difl&cult. Prices of meats have advanced so 
materially in three months that it is rather difficult to estimate the difference 
in per capita cost. 

Part of the buying has been done by the manager and part by myself, 
with the result that when she bought I either had more than I could use 
(and not enough for another meal) or else I had to order more at the last 
moment. This results in waste of money paid. 

In consideration of these facts how can the greatest confidence and 
support be secured for those who go out to undertake the management 
of dormitories and the serving of food? 



4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LAUNDRY 

L. RAY BALDERSTON 

Teachers College, Columbia University 

I am making a brief report of the laundry problem, as studied from 
the economic, sanitary, and educational aspects. 

The economical study was carried on by a questionnaire through the 
Journal and through the sending out of 100 letters. Laundry price Hsts 
were asked for, together with woman's wage in the home and the laun- 
dress's prices out of the home. The response was most generous. 

A common type of garment was chosen for the comparative study of 
prices with the hope of reaching some standard: collars for men and 
women; shirts for men vs. tailored shirtwaists for women; night shirts 
for men vs. night dresses for women. Various fine lingerie seemed 
impractical for the study. 

A second question was asked which brought forth comparative cost 
for fiat work. 

The whole results showed that the commercial laundry men have, to 
a great extent, reached a standard, the slight variation being due to 
local conditions. 

There seems to be no standardization of washerwoman's prices. 

From the study of the sanitation aspect, two phases may be presented. 

The report pertains to the conditions in the laundry as a workshop, 
and the workers. The study was to find out the relationship of condi- 
tions in the workshop and their effect on the workers. Both the work 
and the worker have long been shunned and the visiting of many com- 
mercial and hotel laundries of various types proved that, as a factory 
and as a process, the laundry may have as high a standard as any other 
factory, the condition of the plant depending on the standard of the 
manager as in any other factory. 

There seems to be no foundation for the idea that the laundry is a dis- 
ease-producing place, or that the worker is especially liable to tubercu- 
losis or contagion. In only one case could contagion be traced, and 
that was proved to be through carelessness in sorting. Typhoid was 
directly carried from the patient's clothes to the head laundry man in the 
hospital. The sorting in this hospital was not done carefully as in 
contrast to one hospital where the superintendent reported twenty years 
supervision, and not a single case of contagion in that time. In this hos- 
pital the one who sorts the clothes knows that dismissal follows a second 
reprimand for being found sorting clothes without gloves. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LAUI^IDRY 5 

The diseases especially prevalent in the laundry can be traced directly 
to heat, humidity, and carbon monoxide gas. Any one and all of these 
conditions may be overcome by careful consideration of ventilation and 
drainage in the laundry. 

A second phase has been presented by Dr. D. B. Armstrong who is 
Director of Social Welfare Department of the Association for Improv- 
ing the Condition of the Poor. Dr. Armstrong's paper follows in full, 
but I wish to dwell on the points of Dr. Armstrong's investigation as 
to the needs and ways and means of establishing a municipal laundry. 

The Bureau of Public Health and Hygiene made an investigation by a 
house to house canvass of both the east and west sides of the city. A 
section was chosen which represented six blocks east and west, and eight 
north and south. The population was 205,000; 92 per cent were without 
bath; 40 per cent without wash tubs; 87 per cent without hot water. 

Folders telling of the advantages of a public wash house were sent 
about, hoping to arouse and interest these people. Of these 205,000 
people, 28 per cent men and 69 per cent women would use a public wash 
house; 68 per cent men and 10 per cent women would not use a public 
wash house. The rest were in doubt. 

In November the first public wash house and the only one mechani- 
cally equipped in America was opened. It is now running to its full 
capacity — 500 families a week at a charge of 25 cents for 30 pounds, 
or 35 cents when the wash is collected and delivered. It is hoped soon 
that it will be on a self-supporting basis. The capital investment is 
about $3000, and the operating expenses simply mean one extra worker 
besides those needed for the pubhc bath. The clothes sent to this Mil- 
bank Laundry are proof of the great opportunity of spread of contagion 
on one hand because the majority are filthy. 

The sterilization possible in a laundry was well tested here by inocu- 
lating a bundle of filthy clothes with two of the worst forms of bacteria, 
allowing time for their growth. After washing, a culture from these 
clothes could not be made because they were so sterile. 

From the educational aspect httle can be added since last year. No 
new report of Institutional Laundry work being taught can be given. 
The home classes are doing little because of lack of equipment, because 
of lack of keen interest on the part of the teacher, and most often, be- 
cause those who plan courses for Home Economics programs of the dif- 
ferent schools have so little appreciation of the science of the laundry, 
its arts, its vocational and its trade possibihties. 



6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

THE MUNICIPAL LAUNDRY PROBLEM 

DONALD B. ARMSTRONG, M.D, 

Director, Department of Social Welfare, New York Association for Improving the Condition 

of the Poor 

"Public health is purchasable;" so, indeed, is pubhc cleanliness. As 
a matter of fact, it is obvious that, when we begin to spend money for 
public health, we can have no certainty of obtaining it unless we have 
entered the market for cleanliness. In general, cleanliness is a pre- 
requisite for health. If the state or the community recognizes a re- 
sponsibility in the form of maintaining health, it is quite logical, then, 
for it to recognize the obligation which lies upon it to make provision for 
public decency. 

Many communities provide the means for the cleansing of human 
bodies. It is just as essential to health and decency that public facili- 
ties, where private ones are lacking, should be provided for the cleans- 
ing of the garments, the condition of which must, otherwise, lower the 
tone of decency of the people in the community. I emphasize decency, 
for it is essential that health workers should realize more and more that 
it is impossible to justify most of our expenditures if we consider these 
expenditures to be inducive to health alone. It is very difficult definitely 
to ascribe ill-health to dirty streets, unsightly backyards, and such un- 
desirable elements in our physical environment for the elimination of 
which we spend thousands yearly, not in reahty to maintain pubHc 
health, but, as a matter of fact, to estabhsh public decency. 

Among the great mass of the poorly housed tenement population of 
the large American cities, the facihties for washing and drying clothes 
are decidedly meagre, although cleanliness as regards our wearing ap- 
parel is always essential to decency and is frequenctly a factor in health. 
Recently the Bureau of Pubhc Health and Hygiene of the Department of 
Social Welfare of the Association for Improving the Condition of the 
Poor concluded an investigation in New York City aimed at discovering 
the necessity for public laundries or wash houses there and the cost of 
their equipment and operation. The Bureau made a statistical analysis 
from the files of the Tenement House Department, supplemented by a 
house to house canvass, of the laundry facilities in the homes of the 
badly housed. The Bureau studied conditions on the east and west 
sides of the city and investigated, from this point of view, the housing 



THE MUNICIPAL LAUNDRY PROBLEM 7 

conditions of about 205,000 people. Bathing facilities were also inves- 
tigated and it was found, striking an average for four different 
sections of the city, that the percentage of famihes without equipment 
was as follows: without bath, 92 per cent; without wash tubs in the home, 
40 per cent; without hot water, 87 per cent. 

A questionnaire was presented to 10,000 bathers at one of the mu- 
nicipal baths, by which an attempt was made, through the aid of illus- 
trations of wash houses in other cities, to obtain an intelligent expres- 
sion of opinion as to the attitude of this group of typical East Siders 
towards the estabHshment of a place where they could come and weish 
their clothes. 

As an illustration of the kind of publicity work done in this connec- 
tion, cards were handed out to each of the bathers depicting the advan- 
tages of a pubhc wash house as follows : 

1. Nice, Ught, cool, ventilated room. 

2. Clean wash tubs. 

3. Plenty of hot water, soap, soda, starch, bluing, etc. 

4. Electric irons, ironing boards, baskets, scrubbing boards, wringers, 
tables, pails, pans, etc. 

5. Rapid steam dryer. 

6. Cloak room for lunches, packages, etc. 

7. Day Nursery — place to leave the children. 

8. Nice clean toilets. 

9. Cheap — 3 cents an hour. 

The women of all classes, economic and civic, were enthusiastically 
in favor of the proposition, while surprising as it may seem, a large per- 
centage of the men promised to make use of the common tubs if pro- 
vided. The statistical results of this investigation were as follows: 

Men Women 

Percentage that would use a public wash house 28 . 7 69. 1 

Percentage that would not use a public wash house 66.9 10.3 

Percentage in doubt 4.3 20.0 

The necessities here indicated have been met in a few American 
cities by the establishment of pubhc laundries, or pubhc wash houses, 
fashioned largely after the plan of those long in use in foreign cities. 

What is a public wash house? It is a place where those people who 
have very inadequate home faciUties may go and wash their clothes under 
decent and sanitary conditions for a very small cost and with a mini- 
mum of time expenditure. The building, usually a part of a pubhc 



8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

bath, is plentifully supplied with steam and hot water, and is equipped 
with tubs (two or three for each washer), wringers, electric irons, iron- 
ing boards, scrubbing boards, and all minor utensils. Those using the 
establishment are also permitted to dry their clothes in large steam 
dryers, while at the same time a store is maintained where bluing, starch, 
and soap are sold at cost. Although it is very infrequently found in 
this country, there should always be in connection with such an estab- 
lishment a day nursery where the women can leave their children in 
safe hands while they do their laundry work. 

Such is a pubHc wash house. There are about eighteen such institu- 
tions in America, five of which, and the most successful ones, are in Bal- 
timore, Maryland. As long ago as 1904 according to Bulletin No. 54 
of the Bureau of Labor, there were in the United States eleven public 
wash houses. These were situated as follows: Allegheny, Pa., 1; Balti- 
more, Md., 2; Buffalo, N. Y., 2; Chicago, III, 1; Cleveland, Ohio, 1; 
Philadelphia, Pa., 2; Troy, N. Y., 1; Elmira, N. Y., 1. 

The first wash house to be established in this country was in Phila- 
delphia under the auspices of the Pubhc Baths Association of Philadel- 
phia. This was opened on May 21, 1898. Buffalo wash houses were 
hardly worthy of the name, for they were inadequately equipped and 
were intended to be used by bathers in the adjoining bath house only 
for the purpose of washing underclothing. While Philadelphia must be 
considered the pioneer city in this regard, it is recognized that another 
city, Baltimore, has made the greatest advances in recent years. in the 
development of public wash houses. As mentioned above, there are, 
at present, in Baltimore, five such institutions. 

Undoubtedly a large part of the success of public wash houses in 
Baltimore is the result of the fact that the Baltimore authorities have 
recognized the necessity of taking it to the people in the form of educa- 
tional work, pubhcity, and advertising, in the community adjacent to 
the establishment. Advertising is essential to the success of municipal 
wash houses or municipal laundries. The subject of laundry publicity 
would suggest the story told of the opening of a new private bath in 
Cincinnati. It was their system of initial advertising to send out com- 
plimentary tickets not only entitling but encouraging the receiver to 
take a bath at this institution. Among the recipients of these tickets 
was Vice-President Marshall. In his case, however, whether with or 
without mahce is not known, he received at frequent intervals a series 
of these complimentary tickets. It is said that the Vice-President 



THE MUNICIPAL LAUNDRY PROBLEM 9 

finally found it necessary to head off the bombardment and took as his 
means the writing of a letter to the bath proprietors stating in his 
letter that he considered the first ticket a courtesy, that he was com- 
pelled to look upon the second as a suggestion, and that if he received 
more tickets he would feel obliged to consider it an insult. 

Public laundries and wash houses have been in existence for nearly 
twenty years abroad, and in London in 1911 there were thirty-five such 
institutions, patronized by nearly a milHon washers. In the London 
wash houses there were in 1911, 1729 wash house units. The charge 
for the use of these is one penny per hour and it is found that the aver- 
age time per washer in London is two and a half hours. Abroad, they 
more nearly deserve the name of pubHc laundry than that of public 
wash house, when the equipment includes electrically driven washing 
machines and hydro-extractors. Such, indeed, is a real public laundry. 
It has many advantages both economic, social and sanitary over the 
older type of public wash house. While the original cost of equipment 
of the laundry type is greater, the cost of operation is not especially 
excessive. Further than this the number of families that can be ac- 
commodated weekly or daily in a mechanically operated plant is much 
greater than the utmost capacity of the non-labor saving wash house 
equipment. In addition, the public laundry with its mechanical equip- 
ment is more sanitary, as the clothes are handled by only a few people 
and are sterilized before being returned. 

There would seem to be no reason why such an activity could not be 
justified from a municipal point of view, and as a demonstration of what 
the possibilities were in that field the Bureau of Public Health and 
Hygiene of the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor 
has recently established in the Milbank Memorial Bath on East 38th 
Street, the first mechanically equipped wet wash laundry in America, 
to be operated under quasi-pubhc auspices. This laundry is showing a 
constantly increasing patronage and is, at the present time, operated 
to its full capacity, serving an average of nearly 500 famihes a week at a 
charge of 25 cents for 30 pounds of clothes, or 35 cents when collected 
and dehvered. This agency for cleanhness and decency exists as a 
demonstration of sanitary methods of laundry operations and as a re- 
search laboratory for improvements in commercial laundry practices. 
It is planned as speedily as possible to place the institution on a self 
supporting basis so that it may be, perhaps, the initial demonstration of 



10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

the possibilities for the municipahzation of clean clothes — public neces- 
sities in New York City. 

Under what circumstances is the pubHc wash house experiment jus- 
tifiable? Obviously, where laundry faciHties are poor in the home. 
Among tenements, where wash tubs are rare, where dark, damp courts 
provide the only means for drying, and hot water is frequently an im- 
possibihty, the demand is urgent. From this point of view, it is strange 
that the largest city in America, and indeed the typical tenement city, 
should be without any public or private provision of this kind in its 
most congested borough. Philadelphia, Baltimore, Buffalo, Elmira, 
Brooklyn, and other cities have found an urgent demand for, and an 
immediate success following the establishment of public wash houses. 
There can be no doubt of the necessity for these agencies of decency in 
many other large American cities, particularly on Manhattan Island. 

In the behef that public wash houses in New York City would meet 
a justifiable demand and because it would seem desirable to have both 
the wash house and the laundry experimented with in New York City, 
the Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor have urged 
upon the municipal government the establishment of an experiment in 
the basement of one of the new pubHc bath buildings on the West Side. 
Estimates regarding the cost of equipment and operation have been 
presented to the Borough President's office together with alternative 
estimates for a mechanical laundry equipment. This matter is now 
pending before the Board of Estimates and is being urged upon them 
for the following reasons: 

1. Careful investigation has shown that the majority of people in 
that neighborhood are without home laundry facilities. It is believed 
in any event that the laundry process is a thing that can best be carried 
on outside the home, in spite of the fact that Mr. Dowling, the alderman 
from this West Side district, opposes the wash house because he feels 
that one of the most attractive sights in this neighborhood is the back- 
yard clothes line. Mr. Dowling has not yet expressed himself as re- 
gards the fire escape and dark courtyard clothes line. 

2. The success of the wash house has been demonstrated in many 
other American and foreign cities. 

3. The capital investment is insignificant — not more than $3000 — 
while the operating expenses are simply those of an additional attendant 
in the bath. 



THE MUNICIPAL LAUNDRY PROBLEM 11 

4. The wash house will be of use to: (a) The mothers in the neighbor- 
hood with poor home facilities; (b) The young girls living alone; (c) 
The men who are working in this country attempting to save enough to 
bring their famihes over; and (d) The destitute and homeless. 

5. The wash house is of both direct and indirect importance in the 
health of any neighborhood, is justified on the grounds of comfort, and 
is an educational factor in personal cleanliness and decency. 

Even though it is believed that the pubhc laundry will meet a greater 
demand and serve a more fundamental pubhc service than does the 
wash house at present, nevertheless, there is no doubt that where wash 
houses have been established and intelligently operated they have been 
factors of social and sanitary importance. The wet wash laundry in the 
Milbank Bath, under the auspices of the Association for Improving the 
Condition of the Poor, is an experiment being conducted along essen- 
tially the same lines as would have to be the case were it under imme- 
diate municipal control. Further, the Association has guaranteed to 
conduct an educational campaign in the neighborhood of the proposed 
West Side wash house similar to the campaign carried on in connection 
with the East Side laundry. This is an opportunity to have both tried 
out under comparable conditions. Incidentally in this connection it 
may be mentioned that the Hudson Guild, a settlement house on the 
West Side near where is it proposed to establish the wash house, has 
agreed to operate a day nursery in connection with the wash house so 
that children may be cared for under safe auspices while the mothers 
are at work. It may be added here that the two wash houses in Phila- 
delphia with fourteen laundry units charging five cents an hour had a 
patronage, in 1911, of 4900 people. The five wash houses in Baltimore, 
with 35 laundry units charging three cents an hour, boasted a patronage, 
in 1912, of 22,000 people, about one-fifth of whom were men. 

Perhaps the chief theoretical advantage of the laundry over the wash 
house is the fact that it comes more nearly meeting what may be ex- 
pected to be the ultimate solution of the laundry problem in an intelli- 
gently organized community. While it is true that each house should 
eventually have a private bath equipment, the same thing cannot be 
said for laundry equipment, for obviously it would be more social, more 
economical and more hygienic to have the work done outside the home 
under centralized, efficient control. A municipal mechanical laundry 
plan tried out in this country would be a step toward the ultimate solu- 



12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

tion of the problem. Such a plant would be an essential part of the 
general program which would lay a better physical foundation for the 
social state towards which we are looking. 

Whether or not the pubHc wash house, or, indeed, the pubKc laun- 
dry is the ultimate solution of the laundry problem, it must be ad- 
mitted by all that here we have a condition — and a condition which 
must be met. It may not be possible under present conditions to apply 
a cure; it may be necessary to palliate the unfortunate circumstances. 
Obviously, though not in its entire influence, the public wash house is a 
temporary expedient, a palliative measure, yet there are many thousands 
who must wash their clothes and cannot wait for housing or municipal 
reform. 

Private and public health and decency demand that some provision 
be made, even though it is not a final method. It is true that, when we 
palliate an evil condition, quite frequently we make it a little more toler- 
able, and consequently perpetuate its existence. This is not the vital 
side, however, when the apparent palliative measure has another im- 
portant phase of influence. The ultimate effective demand for good 
housing, including proper bathing and washing facilities, is going to 
come from the people who are now poorly housed. Any measure which 
conserves and strengthens the health and general welfare of these 
people is bound to be a positive force for good ; it is bound to be a con- 
structive influence. Far more important than this, however, is the 
educational value of the measure. The public wash house, like the' 
pubHc bath, finds its chief justification in the fact that it gives to the 
people an opportunity to learn how to be clean and makes it possible for 
them to appreciate the value to health and decency of being physically 
clean. Physical cleanliness enhances our moral and spiritual tone. 
The people will recognize more acutely their housing and municipal 
defects and will demand even more energetically than at present that 
equipment for clean bodies and clean clothes, whether within or outside 
the home, which they will have learned to use and value and the impor- 
tance of which, for the preservation of health and the maintenance of 
decency, they will have been educated to appreciate. 



WORK OF SCHOOL LUNCH COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK 13 

SUMMARY REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE SCHOOL LUNCH 

COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK, AND THE NEXT STEPS IN 

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL LUNCHEONS 

EDWARD F. BROWN 

Executive Secretary, New York School Lunch Committee 

I. The present status of school lunches. The Committee operates 20 
school lunch units. An appropriation from the city, together with some 
other funds at our disposal, will equip 20 additional schools. 

There pends before the Board of Estimate and Apportionment a reso- 
lution to appropriate $26,500 (special revenue bonds) to equip 60 schools 
for lunch services. 

The activity having developed to such great proportions, it seems de- 
sirable to briefly review our work and formulate, so far as it seems neces- 
sary, the pohcy to guide the executive officers in taking the next steps in 
this work. 

//. The cost of school feeding. The Committee had undertaken this 
work admittedly as an experiment. There was need, apparently, for 
feeding children who could not procure nourishing food at home, this 
lack undermining their physical vigor and impairing their school progress. 

The Committee beUeved it possible to minister to the needs of these 
children without destroying their independence or in any manner in- 
volving the school in a relief scheme. In order to put this service within 
the reach of the needy, food is sold at one penny a portion. The penny 
the child pays covers the entire cost of the food and its preparation. A 
deficit, amounting in 1913-1914 to 37/100 of a cent on each portion, or 
$4624 in the service of 1,249,489 helpings, covered supervision, food, 
labor, depreciation, renewals, and all other costs. 

///. Self sup porting units. This term the Committee made an ex- 
periment in two schools where, through a readjustment of price, a self- 
sustaining unit was operated. In these schools the parents of the 
children have contributed money to purchase equipment. These schools 
involve the Committee in no expense and are thus far, except for the 
salary of the Executive Secretary, entirely self-supporting. 

IV. Our aim — a self sup porting system. It is believed that through a 
slight readjustment of price, the further centraHzation of labor, and en- 
larged purchasing power, the possible 100 schools to be served, if the 
money is provided, could be made to pay for themselves entirely. 



14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Even if it were advisable from our standpoint to have the Board of 
Education assume this work, it is improbable that it would do so unless 
it could be shown to be selfsustaining, except for the cost of rent, water, 
and power. 

V. Increasing the price of lunches. There is no fund at our disposal to 
pay any deficit which would accrue in the service of lunches in 100 
schools, the number we shall have if the Board of Estimate and Appor- 
tionment concurs in the bond issue proposition. It therefore becomes 
necessary to lay down a rule that no service shall be inaugurated unless 
the same can be self supporting from its sales. 

This would probably mean an increase of one cent a portion for all 
prepared foods such as soup, vegetables, sandwiches, puddings, etc. 

VI. Shall the Board of Education assume this task? The school lunch 
work from its inception has been experimental. Since there have been 
tangible manifestations of the value of school lunches, and its success 
is certain, we have looked forward to the time when the Board of Educa- 
tion might do this work as a part of its educational process. We do 
not beheve that the time is ripe for such a transfer, nor do we beheve 
that such a transmission should take place until it can be shown that 
the system is selfsustaining. 

There are those, however, who beheve that at no time shall this task 
be assumed by the city, basing their conclusions on the following 
grounds : 

1. The feeding of children is no part of the province of the educa- 
tional authorities. 

2. The responsibility of parents is lessened where it is not wholly 
destroyed. 

3. School feeding breaks up the socializing influence of the home 
table. 

The protagonists of the movement contend that: 

1. As education is provided as a means of protecting society against 
illiteracy and its dangers, it is not accomplishing that object in all cases 
thoroughly, owing to the physical condition of many of its charges. 

2. In spite of the hberal provision made for educational purposes, 
the end sought is frequently defeated because a badly nourished child 
fails to respond to the educative process, retards the progress of his 
class, and is himself impervious to education. 

3. The cost of re-educating the children who, by reason of physical 
disabihty, are backward, is a pubhc expenditure which might be mini- 



WORK OF SCHOOL LUNCH COMMITTEE OF NEW YORK 15 

mized by rendering the children, through proper and sufficient feeding, 
capable of being taught. 

4. A sound policy of public health makes imperative the estabHsh- 
ment of such agencies as would prevent in a large measure diseases and 
disability. 

5. It is the function of private enterprise to initiate, experiment 
with, and interpret social movements, and, after their value and econ- 
omy have been successfully demonstrated, they should be assumed by 
society. 

VII. School feeding and domestic science education. Some of those 
who have followed the development of this work believe it possible to 
coordinate these two branches in order that the practical preparation 
of food be used as an instrument of home education. It certainly 
seems desirable to do this wherever it is economically possible. To 
ascertain how far this may be done, the committee is proceeding with 
an investigation of this subject. 

SUMMARY 

1. That the Committee continue this work, in cooperation with the 
Board of Education, until such time as the Board of Education believes 
it in the pubHc interest to assume the work. 

2. That any schools in which the Committee shall in future operate 
shall be those wherein there is a reasonable probabihty that the service 
will be self-supporting either from its own sales or in connection with 
a larger school lunch scheme. 

3. That the Committee, in cooperation with the Board of Education 
follow any approved scheme of coordinating the school lunch service 
with the domestic science instruction where the same does not involve 
the Committee in any expense other than the necessary cost of operat- 
ing which is to be covered by the receipts from sales. 

4. That the Board of Education undertake to furnish all the necessary 
equipment as heretofore and keep the same in repair. 

5. That as speedily as possible the Board of Education should cause 
a consoUdation of the high and elementary school lunch work. 

6. That the School Lunch Committee submit to the Board of Edu- 
cation a semi-annual statement of its work, setting forth the manner 
in which its funds have been expended. That in addition the School 
Lunch Committee shall furnish such other special reports as the Board 
of Education may from time to time require. 



16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

7. That the Board of Education shall cause two inspections each 
year to be made by a designated Committee of the Board to report to 
it regarding the conduct of this work, together with such suggestions 
as it may deem proper to make. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL LUNCHEONS 

EMMA SMEDLEY 
Director School Luncheon Department, Philadelphia Public Schools 

The school lunch work in Philadelphia is growing very rapidly. In 
1894 Mrs. Richards helped to organize the first school lunch service 
under the care of the Starr Center Association of Philadelphia. In 1907 
the School Lunch Committee of the Home and School League assumed 
responsibility for lunch service in three elementary schools, this serv- 
ice having now extended to include at the present time nine schools 
under its care. Six years ago the Board of Public Education started, as 
an experiment, the serving of a mid-day luncheon in one high school, 
having an enrollment of about 1500 pupils, and 75 teachers. Today 
there are 1 7 high school lunch rooms under the care of a superintendent, 
and 25 assistants, whom we call school dietitians, with 100 workers on the 
payroll, and 150 pupils who are helping to serve at the counter each day. 
In these high schools there is an average attendance of 15,000 pupils. 
Next year we shall open three more large high schools which will accom- 
modate from 2500 to 3000 pupils each. In April, 1915, the Philadelphia 
Board of Pubhc Education decided to assume the responsibility of serv- 
ing school lunches in 25 elementary schools of one district of the city, 
the Home and School League relinquishing its care of the lunches. 
This elementary school lunch service is now added to the Department 
of High School Luncheons and in September, 1915, one of the high 
school kitchens will be utiHzed as a central kitchen, serving the 25 ele- 
mentary schools, which have an average attendance of about 25,000 
children. The children in these schools spend about one-half a cent per 
person per day which is very different from the amount spent in the 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL LUNCHEONS 17 

high schools, where about four cents a day is an average expenditure. 
The Board of Education is looking to me for satisfactory financial re- 
sults, but as the Committee of the Home and School League has never 
made the work entirely self supporting, I cannot help feeling this a 
great responsibility. We shall, however, make it selfsupporting if 
possible. 

A few figures will give an idea of the volume of business done in the 
high schools. Last year the total receipts from the sale of luncheons in 
the 15 schools amounted to $97,936; of that amount $67,000 was spent 
for food, and $2000 for replacing equipment and for sundries; about 
$28,000 for salaries, and wages, including the salary of the superintendent, 
with a net profit of about $1900. We aim to have no profit, but on a 
business basis it is necessary to have a working balance, and we realize 
that $1900 is a very small amount for such a business. This year the 
total receipts for the 17 high schools have been $117,359 and expenses 
$115,873, leaving a balance of $1486. The food supplies cost $77,000; 
replacing equipment $1795, and sundry $1000; salaries and wages 
$31,976; superintendence $5615. We have included in the wage column, 
this year, the money that has been paid to the pupils who assist in the 
serving, about 150 pupils daily being paid ten cents each, and this has 
caused an apparent increase in the service expense. 

The 25 assistants who are helping with the work are nearly all trained 
for the position of dietitian. We have a monthly meeting to discuss 
all the problems that come up. At that meeting we not only discuss 
our menus, but the foods that are in season, with prices, recipes, size of 
portions, etc. Those who are in charge of the large schools have a great 
many points in common, and those in charge of the smaller schools have 
similar interests, and together we have discussions which prove very 
helpful. There is also a congenial family spirit felt among these 25 work- 
ers. The educational advantages of this school luncheon movement 
are very great, and there are wonderful possibihties for its development. 



18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 

C. F. LANG WORTHY 

Office of Home Economics, U. S. Dept. of Agr. 

RECENT PROGRESS IN FOOD SANITATION 

Efforts toward securing clean and wholesome food have been made 
along three general lines (1) ordinances and regulations established by fed- 
eral, state, or municipal authorities, (2) the work done by food manu- 
facturers, other private concerns, and individuals toward improving 
conditions under which food is manufactured, sold, and served, and (3) 
the educational and constructive work for clean food which has been 
accomplished by state and municipal agencies, associations, and phil- 
anthropic organizations. The progress which has been noted in all 
these lines may well be considered in this order. 

As the progress made in sanitary science has revealed new possibili- 
ties for the transmission of disease by food, the supervision of govern- 
ments over the food supply, which for some time has consisted chiefly 
in regulating and watching the quahty of water, milk, and meat supplies 
and only to a limited extent the quality of other foods, is now being ex- 
tended to control the conditions under which foods shall be prepared, 
handled, sold, and served. 

In the cities and large towns, the rapid increase in population, a large 
portion of which is ignorant of the principles of food sanitation, the ex- 
tensive use of cold storage as a means of conserving the food supply, and 
the great distance from which most of the food supply comes are some 
factors which have made it necessary for municipahties to superintend 
the manufacture and distribution of foodstuffs as one means of protect- 
ing the pubHc health. 

Owing to the nature of the functions of city and town government it 
is natural that the bulk of the legislation for clean food should in this 
country be found in municipal ordinances, and during the past two years 
much progress has been noted in this class of legislation. 

Many cities and towns have established sanitary standards for the 
foods which can be sold — the most common among these governing the 
sale of milk, cream, and meats. Others have improved and extended 
the scope of existing sanitary standards. 

That attention has been given to the possibility of the transmission 
of disease through the eating of contaminated raw fruits and vegetables 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 19 

is shown by the regulations adopted by Los Angeles and a few other 
Cahfornia towns which state that "sewage-irrigated" berries and vege- 
tables must not be offered for sale, nor in any way used for food. These 
ordinances also require that no fruit or vegetable affected with injurious 
scale or insects (their eggs, larvae, or pupae) shall be offered for sale. 

Considerable attention has also been given to the control of the 
sale of foods which have been kept in cold storage. Many cities 
and towns now require that no food shall be received for cold storage 
unless at that time it be in a clean, pure, and wholesome condition, and, 
furthermore, that the time of storage must be clearly marked on the 
goods. 

That an attempt is being made to secure clean ice is evident from the 
fact that some municipalities now require a permit for cutting ice on any 
creek, canal, or lake. In some instances city ordinances provide that 
ice which is cut for city consumption shall be handled at all stages in a 
cleanly way. In others there have been estabHshed bacteriological and 
chemical standards for ice (except that used for packing and cooling 
purposes only and not for domestic use) which conform closely to the 
standards required for drinking water. 

CONSTRUCTION AND LOCATION OF BUILDINGS WHERE FOOD IS MANU- 
FACTURED OR SOLD 

By way of improving the sanitary condition of foods at their source 
many municipal regulations have been adopted which lay down stand- 
ards for the construction and maintenance of buildings used for the 
manufacture and preparation of foods. The following points are covered 
by most of such regulations: 

Bakeries, ice cream factories, restaurants and hotel kitchens, and all 
other places where food is prepared for sale must be adequately lighted 
and ventilated and kept free from dampness. The floors and walls of 
such places must be so constructed as to permit of easy and frequent 
cleaning. The floors shall be of cement or other impervious material 
to keep out rats or vermin and in the case of slaughterhouses and ice 
cream factories must be provided with drains and so constructed that all 
waste and slop may be easily and thoroughly removed. If desired, ce- 
ment floors may be covered with hardwood floors having tight joints. 
The walls to a height of 5 or 6 feet from the floor shall be encased in 
some impervious material and the joints between the floor and walls 



20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

must be tight. To allow easy and thorough cleaning, all tables and 
benches where food is prepared for sale must be movable. They 
should have no unnecessary woodwork or fixtures and all surfaces should 
be as hard and smooth as possible. In some instances the regulations 
forbid the keeping of domestic animals (cats excepted) in rooms where 
food is prepared, stored, or sold. 

Foodstuffs shall not be stored or kept in any living or sleeping rooms 
of any house. The ripening of vegetables in such rooms is prohibited 
in some instances. 

All refuse shall be quickly removed from establishments where food 
is manufactured, prepared, sold, or served, or else stored in tightly 
closed containers to prevent nuisance and the breeding of flies. 

Refrigerators, milk tanks, cold-storage rooms, etc., shall be kept free 
from decayed meat, tainted or spoiled goods, and all obnoxious odors. 
They shall be provided with a suitable drain to permit of rapid cleansing. 

PROTECTION FROM FLIES, VERMIN, AND SURFACE DIRT 

The important role played by flies, insects, and other vermin in the 
transmission of disease has led to the establishment of rules for the pro- 
tections of foods, and especially those eaten raw, from this source of 
contamination. 

In many places it is required that meat markets, bakeries, hotels, 
restaurants, candy factories, ice cream factories, or other places where 
food is manufactured, sold, or served shall be screened at all openings so 
as to keep out flies and other insects. Self-closing screen doors are re- 
quired in some cases. Also, cooked food having no protective coverings, 
for example confectionery, bread, pastry, meats, fish, dairy products, 
must not be exposed in stores, restaurants, etc., unless they are pro- 
tected from flies by glass cases, wire screens, fans, or other satisfac- 
tory device. Fruits, berries, confectioneries, etc., exposed in the open 
air outside of any store or building must be kept in fly- and dust-tight 
compartments and must also be displayed on a shelf or platform from 
18 to 24 inches above the level of the ground to prevent pollution by 
animals. 

No dry sweepings will be allowed in stores where food is kept or sold. 
Bread and pastry shall not be left in open doorways unprotected from 
dust, flies, and animals. When delivered before the hours of opening 
they should be left in tightly covered receptacles. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 21 

All wagons, push-carts, etc., used for transporting or delivering baked 
goods shall be provided with fly-proof and dust-proof compartments 
containing shelves for baked products. The shelves must be covered 
with clean paper or pans, both of which shall be changed or cleaned at 
frequent intervals. Wagons for the purpose of delivering meat and 
fish shall be provided with suitable clean canvas tops. Packages pre- 
pared at the market for delivery should be wrapped in clean wrap- 
ping paper. Meats, poultry, game, or fish shall not be exposed in the 
street outside of shop, store, or market, except when covered or enclosed 
in a glass case. From May to October, inclusively, they must not be 
exposed inside such shops, stores or markets unless enclosed in dust- 
and fly-tight cases. 

FOOD CONTAINERS 

To prevent the contamination of food through dirty containers many 
regulations have been adopted of which the following are fair examples : 

Ice cream containers must not be used for any other purpose and shall 
always be sterilized before use. Ice cream delivered to houses where 
there is contagious or infectious disease should be contained in paper 
boxes, which may be readily destroyed and may not be used again. 

No person shall fill or refill with milk or any milk products any glass 
jar, bottle, can, or other receptacle with intent to sell or vend such 
milk product unless such jar, bottle, can, or other receptacle be first 
thoroughly cleansed and sterihzed. 

Milk shall not be transferred from any can, bottle, or receptacle to 
another in any street, alley, thoroughfare, dehvery wagon, or vehicle 
where the same may be exposed, except in a milk house or creamery 
which is kept in a clean and sanitary condition. 

Berry boxes must not be refilled. Meat or other food products shall 
not be wrapped in newspapers, waste papers, or any wrapping paper 
that is soiled or has been used for other purposes. 

PERSONAL CLEANLINESS OF EMPLOYEES 

Numerous experiences and experiments have demonstrated the ease 
with which contagious diseases like typhoid, tuberculosis and venereal 
diseases may be transmitted through food utensils, drinking glasses, etc., 
which have been contaminated through being handled by persons suff"er- 
ing from these diseases. The following points have been emphasized 



22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

in some of the laws and regulations intended to prevent such contami- 
nation and to secure clean conditions in places where food is prepared 
or served. 

It is required that employees in food establishments keep themselves 
and their clothing in clean and wholesome condition. In order to secure 
personal cleanliness on the part of the employees convenient washrooms 
must be provided and these furnished with an abundant supply of hot 
and cold water, individual towels, etc. These should be located near 
and convenient to the toilets. No food should be prepared, sold, served, 
or stored in any rooms in which a toilet is located or in rooms opening 
directly into a toilet unless the toilet has an outside ventilator. 

Employees in bakeries or other places where food is manufactured 
should be provided with white aprons which must be changed as soon 
as they become soiled. 

The employment, in estabhshments where food is prepared, manufac- 
tured, or otherwise handled, of any person having tuberculosis, venereal 
and other infectious diseases is prohibited in many cases. Bakers' 
products shall be wrapped by persons whose hands have been thoroughly 
washed and sterilized. 

Cuspidors of some impervious material must be provided in bakeries. 
No smoking, snuffing or chewing of tobacco shall be allowed in bakeries. 

Customers shall not touch or handle any food. Labels or stamps 
aflixed with foreign adhesive substances must not be placed on baked 
goods. 

Meats must not be allowed to fall on the floor. Butchers are pro- 
hibited from holding skewers, used for dressing meat, in their mouths. 
Spitting on whetstones or steels is prohibited. 

Federal and state goverimients, too, have made progress in the legis- 
lation for clean food. It is well known that the enforcement of the 
Federal Pure Food Laws are accomplishing much in this field. A re- 
cent amendment to the Federal Quarantine Regulations forbids the 
furnishing to ships in interstate commerce of water, to be used for 
cooking or drinking purposes, which is polluted with sewage. 

In 1913 the State Legislature of Florida passed a law which provided 
for the licensing and inspection of hotels and restaurants. Among other 
provisions this act provides that all hotels and restaurants shall be pro- 
vided with a main public washroom within convenient and easy access 
of the guests and provided with individual towels. The statute also 
requires that all hotels and restaurants shall be properly lighted and 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 23 

ventilated and equipped with proper plumbing properly connected to a 
sewage system where one is available. 

Many states, among which may be mentioned North Dakota, Michi- 
gan, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Virginia, in connection with 
their food and health inspection work have estabhshed a sanitary in- 
spections of markets, bakeries, groceries, hotels, restaurants, and other 
places where food is prepared, sold, or served. 

The State Agricultural Commission of Ohio has recently issued a 
sanitary code for establishments where carbonated drinks and mineral 
water are bottled. In addition to establishing standards for the 
composition of these products the code contains several requirements 
as to the sanitary conditions which must be maintained in such 
establishments. 

Work rooms must be thoroughly cleaned and free from dust and foul air, 
and shall be well lighted, with no dark corners where rubbish or dirt may 
accumulate. 

All broken bottles and particles of glass must be placed in a metal gar- 
bage can, inside the factory, and covered, to prevent flies from gathering 
thereon. This' broken glass must be hauled away from the factory at least 
once a week, or, if saved as cuUet, stored in a bin or room and sprinkled with 
lime or, in some other way, treated to prevent odor and the breeding of flies. 

The floors of the work rooms shall be of impermeable material, unless all 
filling machines and bottle washing machines are set in metal pans or frames 
and drained into the sewer, to prevent the floors from becoming wet, sloppy, 
and insanitary. 

The floors must be swept and scrubbed, mopped or flushed daily, and 
must be kept clean and free from dust and trash at all times. 

AU doors and windows and other openings to work rooms shall, from the 
first day of April to the first day of October of each year, be sufficiently 
screened to exclude flies and other insects, and all doors shall be fitted with 
self-closing screens, or protected against flies by such other method as may 
be approved by the State Dairy and Food Department. At least one fly trap 
must be provided for each work room; all fly traps to be kept clean and well 
baited. 

All factories must be equipped with at least one sanitary wash stand and 
provided with soap and towels for the use of the employees thereof; also with 
at least one sanitary, water closet with suitable water supply. All plumb- 
ing to be modern, sanitary and connected to the sewer with the proper trap 
sewer connection. Where outside closets are used and kept in a sanitary 
condition and lime used in the vaults at least twice a week, the installation 



24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

of a closet within the factory shall not be compulsory. Solid walls must 
separate closets from other rooms within the building. 

A suitable place shall be provided for the employees to change and store 
their clothing, and no wearing apparel, boots, shoes, or other wearing effects 
not being worn shall be kept or stored in any of the work rooms. 

Persons afiFected with tuberculosis or any other communicable disease shall 
not be employed in or about any establishment where bottled soda waters or 
mineral water are manufactured, processed, sold, or stored. 

It shall be unlawful to fill or refill with soda water or mineral water or 
any other drink or fluid any glass, jar, bottle, or any other container in which 
to sell or vend such drinks unless such glass, jar, bottle, or container has been 
thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. 

No horses or other animals shall be stabled or kept near or in the build- 
ing, factory, or shop, unless such stable or place is separated by impervious 
walls, without doors, windows or other openings, from the parts of the building 
in which soda waters or mineral waters are manufactured or handled. 

No person or persons shall live or sleep in any factory or building where 
bottled soda water or mineral water is manufactured, unless the room or 
rooms in which he, she, or they sleep are separated from the work rooms by 
impervious walls without doors or other openings. 

It shall be required of dealers to insert all empty bottles into cases with 
the top or mouth downward in order to prevent the entrance of flies and 
other insects and the development of dangerous bacteria to threaten the health 
of the consumers of the product. 

Many corporations and associations of individuals engaged in the 
manufacture and distribution of foodstuffs, having a desire to make the 
sanitary quality of their products conform to the standards which an 
educated public is beginning to demand, have given considerable atten- 
tion to food sanitation. It has been found in most instances that clean 
and sanitary conditions in food establishments have considerable ad- 
vertising value. It is also the experience that if employees are given 
clean and healthful surroundings and are provided with adequate 
toilet facilities, rest rooms, and opportunities for wholesome recreation, 
their improved physical condition and mental attitude often increase 
their earning capacity. Improvements in factory sanitation must no 
longer be regarded as a venture but as a necessary part of a good business 
policy. Of the many such instances only a few examples can be cited 
here. 

At the seventh annual convention of the National Canners Associa- 
tion held at Baltimore, in 1914, a committee appointed by the Associa- 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 25 

tion to study the question of sanitation of canning factories submitted 
a report which was adopted in the form of recommendations to the 
canners and copies were distributed among the members of the Asso- 
ciation. These recommendations have to do with the location and 
grounds, buildings, machinery, and equipment, water supply, steam, 
protection and safety, toilet rooms, rules for order, cleanhness and 
dressing. 

It is recommended that the factory be located in a place which can be 
maintained in a sanitary condition; that its surroundings be kept free 
from all litter, refuse, and waste, and that all gross by-products be stored 
in such manner as to furnish no nuisance. 

Some of the more important points considered in these recommenda- 
tions are as follows: 

All buildings used for the manufacture of food products shall be clean, 

properly lighted, and ventilated The interior of all working 

rooms shall be kept a light color by paint, whitewash or other suitable 
method 

Machinery and other equipment shall be of a sanitary type and of such 
material as to admit of cleaning 

All machines and conveyors shall be provided with automatic or self- 
cleaners as far as practical. All tables, pails, pans, trays, machines, etc., shall 
be cleaned with steam and water at the close of each day and as much of tener 
as is necessary to prevent souring or insanitary conditions. There shall be 
ample water and steam supply to keep the factory clean 

Only potable water shall be used in making sirups or brine, or in washing 
equipment coming in contact with food. 

Separate toilet rooms must be maintained for each sex; they must be open 
to the outside light and air, and of sufficient size and equipment and must be 
kept clean. 

Sanitary drinking fountains shall be conveniently placed for employees 
and common drinking cups prohibited. 

Stools or chairs shall be provided for employees at all work which permits 
of sitting. 

Where a change of clothes for work is necessary, dressing rooms must be 
provided and hangers and lockers provided for street clothes. 

A rest room furnished with chairs and couch must be provided in all fac- 
tories where females are employed. 

Cuspidors containing disinfectants must be placed conveniently. 

Where living quarters are provided for employees they must be suitable 
for the purpose, frequently disinfected, properly ventilated, and have suffi- 



26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

cient light and air to be healthful and comfortable and be kept clean by the 
occupants. 

No person afflicted with infectious or contagious diseases or infected 
wounds shall be employed in a factory preparing or canning food. 

Wash rooms must be provided conveniently located and of sufficient size 
and equipment for the accommodation of all employees and separated for 
sexes, equipped with running water and provided with individual or sanitary 
towels and plenty of soap. 

Employees are prohibited from using tobacco, and from spitting on the 
floors. 

No foul, obscene or abusive language will be permitted. 

Employees must be properly clothed for the work to be done and must 
conduct themselves properly at all times. 

Employees shall bathe regularly and keep their finger nails clean and 
short, and wash their hands before commencing a piece of work that requires 
the handling of food. 

At a recent convention of the National Association of Master Bakers, 
held at Louisville, Ky., the question of the relation of bakeries to sani- 
tation was discussed and a sanitary standard for bakeries was adopted 
by the Association. This standard requires that buildings shall be 
well lighted in every part with natural light and thoroughly ventilated. 
The floors, walls, and ceiling must be of impervious material, with 
smooth surfaces and kept clean. The rooms must be free from vermin 
and screened against flies. Ample drainage shall be supplied to remove 
all waste; sanitary toilets must be provided which shall be shut off 
entirely from bakeshops and storerooms. Convenient and adequate 
washing facilities must be provided for employees. Garbage, refuse, 
etc., must be stored in tightly covered cans and disposed of quickly. 
Machinery, tools, and other equipment must be made, installed, and 
used to facilitate cleanliness and safety. Stables must be so located 
as to prevent any odors reaching the bakeries. The method of distri- 
bution of the products must be such as to prevent contamination between 
the oven and home. Spitting and the use of tobacco in the bakery 
should be prohibited and a health certificate showing freedom from 
skin diseases, tuberculosis, venereal, and other infectious diseases should 
be secured from all employees. Employees in bakeries should be prop- 
erly clothed in clean, sanitary clothes. In connection with this standard 
a score card was adopted. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 27 

A chemical and bacteriological study of the question of bread wrap- 
ping was also carried out, by a commercial chemist employed by the 
Association, with the view of determining the effect of wrapping upon 
the quality of the product. 

The National Confectioners' Association employs as a consulting sani- 
tarian Prof. S. C. Prescott, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 
under whose direction a number of problems connected with the candy 
industry have been investigated with the idea of improving the sani- 
tary condition as well as for their commercial value. Among the prob- 
lems considered, have been those of fly, roach, and rat elimination in the 
factories. Another one, which although chiefly of economic impor- 
tance, has some sanitary value is that of preventing the candy from 
becoming infected with the eggs of small moths similar to the clothes 
moth from which are hatched worms which ruin the candy. Attention 
has also been given to the bacterial content of the raw materials used 
in the manufacture of candy. Other problems being given attention 
have to do with the details of sanitary construction, the efficiency of 
ventilation, and the location of toilet facilities. 

The better class of restaurants and other similar places where food 
is prepared and served are beginning to pay more attention to the 
preparation of clean food, the thorough washing of equipment, utensils, 
and dishes, and the employment of workers with clean habits who are 
free from disease. There is, however, much need for improvement in 
the sanitary conditions existing in a great many hotels and restaurants. 
It might be mentioned that one firm operating a large chain of drug 
stores has drawn up a code of instructions for its soda fountain at- 
tendants in which cleanhness is required. Many railroads and other 
pubHc service corporations which serve meals to the traveling public are 
making an efifort to improve the sanitary conditions surrounding their 
dining car and restaurant service. 

The Chicago Northwestern Railway Company, in April of every year, 
equips its dining cars with screens for both doors and windows and be- 
fore serving meals the employees are required to drive out all flies 
which may be in the car and the train crews are cautioned about keeping 
kitchens free from flies. 

The efforts of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company toward improving 
the sanitary condition of its dining car servdce and the quality of the 
drinking water served on its trains deserve mention. In the suggestions 



28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

published for the guidance of dining car stewards emphasis is laid upon 
the neatness required on the part of the steward himself and the waiters 
and cooks. Clean wearing apparel and clean hands and clean nails are 
required. In addition to this the Company has issued a ruling designed 
to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases by dining car and 
restaurant employees. This provides for a monthly physical examina- 
tion of every employee who has anything to do with the preparation or 
serving of food. Dishwashers, kitchen-helpers, cooks and waiters, 
(both white and colored), must undergo a rigid examination and only a 
100 per cent report on their physical condition will permit their re- 
maining in the service, while those suffering from tuberculosis, diseases 
of the eye or skin, or any other communicable disease, may not be em- 
ployed in any capacity in which they might come in contact with food; 
further precaution is taken by debarring them from employment in 
places in which linens and tableware are kept. 

The Company also provides at "lay-over points" for dining car 
stewards, waiters and cooks, special lodgings with clean linen, clean 
beds, and other sanitary protection. 

In addition to complying with the requirements of the Public Health 
Service that all drinking water furnished on interstate common carriers 
should be certified as free from anything Uable to cause disease in man 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company requires that all water receptacles 
on all passenger coaches shall be sterilized with steam at least once a 
week. 

That the need for educating people in the fundamental principles of 
food sanitation is well recognized is evident to one familiar with that 
subject. State and municipal food officials are beginning to realize 
that while pohce work is valuable in itself it falls short of its desired end 
unless supplemented with educational measures which teach the food 
dealer how to meet the requirements of existing standards. By means 
of popular bulletins, exhibits and lectures many states are conducting 
campaigns which instruct both the dealer and the consumer in the 
proper preparation, storage, and handling of foods to ensure their being 
clean. Among the states in which such campaigns form a part of the 
work of the food departments are Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, North 
Dakota, Kansas, and Ohio. 

That valuable work may be accomplished by philanthropic organi- 
zations is proved by a study of the reports of the Bureau of Food Supply 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOOD SANITATION 29 

of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. 
This Bureau maintains a model grocery store which, although used 
primarily as a distributing center for the food sent to families under the 
care of the Welfare Department of the Association, has been the agent 
for considerable educational work as to the proper care of food. In 
cooperation with the city health officials a clean food exhibit has been 
established which demonstrates not only approved sanitary methods of 
covering and screening foods to protect them from dust, dirt, flies, and 
means of prevention of contamination through handling, but also the 
cheapest way in which this may be accomplished. This exhibit con- 
tains a model push-cart, proper showcases for the display of foods, 
street candy baskets, sanitary pickle jars, etc. An itinerant push-cart 
properly and at the same time cheaply constructed and equipped has 
also been prepared. Its contents (fruit, candies, etc.) are all properly 
covered with glass and in fly-proof containers. Popular educational 
leaflets and bulletins are also distributed by this bureau. 

That the value of education regarding clean food is recognized is evi- 
denced by the fact that the MetropoHtan Life Insurance Company, 
New York, has had prepared for distribution among its policy-holders 
a pamphlet by Dr. M. J. Rosenau which points out the dangers from 
contamination of milk and the relation of milk to infectious diseases and 
gives advice as to the care of milk in the home and precautions which 
should be taken in its use. 

The Housewives' League is an organization which is doing a great deal 
toward educating the housewives of the country in the sanitary value of 
clean food. As the direct result of its work conditions in many markets 
have probably been improved. Other organizations throughout the 
country are giving attention to the sanitary condition of markets, gro- 
cery stores, etc., and to the manner in which food is stored, handled, and 
served. Housewives are being taught that it is economy to pay a little 
more for food if it is clean and are being urged to patronize clean mar- 
kets in preference to dirty ones. Dealers, too, in many instances have 
cooperated and have striven to make their stores conform to the de- 
mands of their patrons. When, through the efforts of such organiza- 
tions and through other educational means, the housewives learn to 
demand and purchase only clean food which is prepared in clean places 
and handled by clean people, conditions will improve. 



30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

SESSION ON INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT 

Miss Adelaide Nutting, Chairman 

Miss Nutting: Our Chairman this morning in discussing the prob- 
lems of this section of the Home Economics Association, showed the 
institution as the home expanded into a larger home with new and 
special problems added, but also with so many of the fundamental prob- 
lems remaining that it fell in quite naturally and logically as a branch 
of an Association formed to improve and strengthen home life through 
teaching and training in the schools. 

We are somewhat in the habit of thinking of the institution as a new 
thing, as a conspicuous feature of modern life, and it is true that the 
development of institutions has advanced swiftly in recent years, and new 
forms have been created. The school luncheon, for instance, is a new 
institution. Yet, in one form or another most of these institutions 
have been with us for centuries. None of us can remember a time 
when we did not have college and school dormitories, but we can all 
remember very well when there were no trained persons in them to 
direct their activities. There have always been food departments in 
every institution, but the trained dietitian at the head is the symbol of 
our new belief in the importance of the work which these departments 
have to do. The enlarging function of the dietitian is worthy of note. 
Memory carries me easily back to the early days of her work, when in a 
large and famous hospital, in one of the first diet kitchens established, 
and under one of the pioneer dietitians of this country, I began my train- 
ing in diets and cookery for invalids. We had good, though very ele- 
mentary instruction in food properties and dietetics, and good practice 
in cookery in the special diets which were brought to us for preparation. 
The diet kitchen was created to provide instruction for student nurses, 
and the dietitian was purely a teacher. Today, in that same hospital 
there is a head dietitian, and the instruction of student nurses governs 
but a small part in her large task. She is responsible for nourishing 
(and I use no better term, because I cannot), she is responsible for 
nourishing everybody in the entire institution,— patients, staff, stu- 
dents and employees, in all, I think nearly a thousand people. She 
has trained assistants, and a large staff of graded employees, and she 
has control of the food problem from the market to the table. The 



INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT 31 

general welfare of all, in one sense, and the highest efficiency of e very- 
worker, in a very peculiar sense, depends upon her conception of her 
task. She is an administrator, a student of organization, of produc- 
tion and consumption, of markets, of costs. She is an employer of 
labor. Her kitchen is in one sense a factory, the output of which is 
of extraordinary import. Thus, the administrative dietitian has been 
called into existence and the question is arising as to a suitable title for 
this new and important type of institution worker. 

Miss Smedley this morning spoke of the particular problems involved 
in the management of school luncheons, and mentioned the need of 
school dietitians specially prepared to handle dietaries for children. 
The training of workers for these and many other forms of institutions 
is the grave problem which confronts us, and it forms the subject, in- 
teresting and vital, of our discussion this evening. Some of us are 
workers; some are teachers; but all alike are, I believe, deeply con- 
cerned in trying to work out this problem to the best of our several and 
our united abihties. We have the challenge of those who are not satis- 
fied at present with the results of our efforts. The people who are 
employing those whom we are training and sending forth, have much 
to say that we ought to hear and profit by. And our students in the 
field find themselves weak where they should be strong. The question 
then is : How can we improve and strengthen the training of our students 
in a way which shall make them better able to meet the urgent practical 
demands of the institutions into which they are entering — institutions 
which are depending on them for a skillful and intelUgent application of 
knowledge and judgment to the handling of their affairs? 



32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

LUNCHROOM MANAGEMENT 

HELEN HOLLISTER 

Pratt Institute 

When the Home Economics movement reached the period of dealing 
with food in quantities, one of the first problems to receive attention 
was the lunchroon. This was a logical beginning, since it offered the 
broadest field and affected the greatest number of people. Home Eco- 
nomics schools for the training of teachers were importuned for lunch- 
room managers until the establishment of a special course seemed 
almost a necessity. 

The pioneers called this innovation "Lunchroom Management," 
but as the demands increased for the scientifically trained woman for 
diet kitchens, institutions, dormitories and clubs, most schools broad- 
ened the course, offering it under the more comprehensive name of in- 
stitutional management, institutional household science, and the Uke. 
This broadening resulted in raising the standard of the class of women 
taking up the work, since it not only offered more but demanded more 
in the way of preparation — a better general education and a wider ex- 
perience. While the actual lunchroom training has become incidental, 
it has by no means decreased in importance, and a good percentage of 
those who receive special training still show a preference for the lunch- 
room, tea-room, or cafeteria. 

The advantage in training is obvious. Whereas the woman with 
the ambition to manage a diet kitchen or an institution must content 
herself mainly with theory during her training, depending upon her first 
position for its practical appKcation, the woman who chooses the lunch- 
room has opportunity for constant and immediate application of her 
every-day instructions, and is ready at the end of her course to assume 
responsibihty. For naturally any school or college training for this 
work has a student lunchroom or commons as a working laboratory. 

Fundamentally the curriculum, for any form of institutional work, 
is the same whatever the end sought. It must have as a central thought 
the appHcation of science and economics to quantity cooking and serv- 
ing. Due attention must be paid to chemistry, physiology, bacteriol- 
ogy, and the composition, selection, and preparation of food. The 
practical side of any institutional course cannot be too strongly empha- 
sized — and as has been said before, it is comparatively easy to stress 
this in training for lunchroom work. 



LUNCH ROOM MANAGEMENT 33 

Discussions on the advantages and disadvantages of quantity buying, 
on equipment, on handling and storing supplies, on the division of 
labor, on the proportionate number of helpers necessary to insure sat- 
isfactory service, as well as lessons in the preparation and serving of 
food, making menus, keeping accounts, estimating costs and setting 
prices, are a necessary part of all institutional courses. Added to these 
for this particular course is actual and frequent experience in the lunch- 
room itself. Naturally those responsible wish to have the school lunch- 
room, the base of operations, the best possible example of its type, both 
as to dining room and as to kitchen and as to the equipment of both. 
A "model" management is of course only possible to those who can 
plan the lunchroom space and equipment from the start and without 
handicap. Most schools have to make the best use of space and even 
of equipment handed over to them. The one advantage of the latter 
state of things is that students may have a living example of how to 
overcome limitations and disadvantages. In most positions to which 
they go they will have to face most of these. 

As to equipment, familiarity with labor-saving devices should be 
gained, as far as possible through frequent experience; the per capita 
allowance for original equipment, the cost of depreciation, and the cost 
of renewal should be the subject of many talks and problems. These 
data for the school lunchroom or dormitory where the students work 
should be kept always easily accessible to students. Field trips to 
institutions where different t3^es of equipment (especially machines) 
are in current use must supplement the knowledge gained from the 
study of catalogues of the firms manufacturing equipment. The com- 
parative cost of different machines, with average cost of repair, is of 
especial importance, and a card catalogue of such data invaluable to the 
institutional worker. 

On the side of costs, there are several necessary subjects of study. 
It is unfortunate that the very important question of buying supplies 
cannot be dealt with directly. No school can afford the financial risk 
of experimental buying. Except for an occasional day of marketing 
the student must content herseff with theory and observation. But the 
eager-to-learn woman who avails herself of every opportunity to compare 
price Hsts, to watch the buying of the school and of any other institution 
where she can get opportunity will get a fund of information, not only 
valuable but usable. She can also have some experience, as well as 
instruction, in the keeping of accounts and the taking of inventories. 



34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

The cost of food can be emphasized from the first lesson in cookery, 
with calculations of the cost of the raw material of every dish. A 
little later this work can be extended to include cost of preparation — 
in time and service. Still later the students can add to the costs thus 
calculated the other overhead charges, rent, light, heat, water, depre- 
ciation and renewal. In this way the students gradually acquire judg- 
ment as to the price at which a dish may be sold with profit or without 
loss, as occasion may require. 

The making of menus for different types of tables is a constant and 
gives experience in calculating food values, costs, and the relation of 
one to the other. Fortunately, students can have the experience of 
checking the food supplies as received, for weight, quality and cost. They 
can also collect data on such points as the proportion of soUds to liquids 
in different brands of canned fruits and vegetables. 

The one point where adequate training can be given, is in the prepara- 
tion and serving of food. Here is the opportunity to study the psy- 
chology of this subject, which is one of supreme importance to most of 
us. Attention, interest, curiosity, suggestion, pleasurable emotion — all 
play a big part in the success or failure of the limchroom service. The 
student quickly learns that food carefully prepared, attractively served, 
and offering a day-to-day variety is essential for a contented clientele. 

There are two great needs in such a course that are not yet ade- 
quately met in any school. One is a need for the personal touch with 
the students, through talks and discussions, of the men and women 
who have worked on and worked out institutional problems in hospitals, 
schools, lunchrooms, dormitories, hotels. These are busy people. It is 
hard to get their time and almost impossible for any school to pay 
what their time is really worth, but they are a vital part of a successful 
course of training. 

The other need is for the printed record of the data gathered and 
the experience gained by those who are already in the field. Such 
records must be systematically arranged and so carefully itemized that 
the user can be sure of the ground covered. Too frequently such 
records leave out one or another item or so confuse the classification that 
it is impossible to find a common denominator for any two. One of the 
most valuable things this conference could do to further the training of 
the lunchroom managers or any other kind of institutional workers is 
to arrange for the compilation and publication of an annotated bibliog- 
raphy of the worth-while material now available. 



INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT 35 

INSTITUTION MANAGEMENT: COURSES IN INSTITU- 
TIONAL ADMINISTRATION 

MABEL C. LITTLE 

Of what studies should the course in institutional administration 
consist? 

To answer this question perhaps we should first ask what positions 
are we fitting students to fill? In other words, what kinds of knowledge 
will be essential, in order that they may be a success in this profession. 
Success in institutional administration means administering the affairs 
of an institution so as to produce satisfaction both to one's employer 
and to oneself. 

Failure in institutional work on the other hand is a very serious thing- 
It inflicts an injury on the profession, especially where a prejudice has 
existed against trained workers; it does an injury to the school where 
the student has obtained her training; but the greatest suft'erer usually 
is the institution itself. Good servants are often spoiled; great waste 
occurs; and an organ zation that has taken years to build up may be 
seriously menaced by the poor judgment and failure of the person who 
controls its management. 

Finances seem to be the barometer of success and failure in institu- 
tional work, on account of the expensive equipment and materials 
under the direction of the manager, such a failure often representing a 
large financial loss. 

If I were to name the qualifications for success in this work they 
would be the following : Good health ; common sense, the value of which 
cannot be overestimated and which includes tact; maturity of mind; 
reliability; a pleasing personality; executive abihty; self-control and 
dignity; power of adaptation to people and circumstances and to be 
equal to emergencies; breadth of knowledge especially of institutions 
through visiting and studying them ; knowledge of psychology, to meet 
the social and moral problems constantly arising with employees; cheer- 
ful and enthusiastic interest in the work; ability to teach and training 
in the methods of teaching (this is used every day, as employees must 
be taught the most efficient methods for doing their work); definite 
knowledge of costs in order to make estimates for yearly budgets, etc. ; 
knowledge of bookkeeping methods; knowledge of chemistry and dietetics; 
knowledge of physiology and first aid to the injured; knowledge of the 
planning of institutions architecturally, for improving "old buildings and 



36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

planning new ones; knowledge of institutional housekeeping, including 
sanitation, cleaning, being able to plan the work for employees, because 
of having done time studies; knowledge of plumbing, and all working 
of equipment, extermination of vermin, etc.; knowledge of institutional 
cookery, menu making, serving and catering (this includes all kinds of 
service — dining room, cafeteria, lunchroom, tea room, restaurant, hos- 
pital, school lunchrooms, etc., both the esthetic and practical sides this 
includes also knowledge and management of the equipments of dining 
rooms and kitchens and planning the work of the people employed 
there); knowledge of institutional buying and marketing; and knowledge 
of institutional laundry equipment and of its management. 

Time forbids the expansion of these qualifications mentioned, but 
they lead us to the consideration of some problems. Can we trust stu- 
dents to decide for themselves upon the possession of these qualifica- 
tions which will make for success in this profession? How can we best 
help them to decide? Would it be possible to enlist the interest of all 
of the instructors in the courses of Domestic Science for the first two 
years of the course to have this constantly in mind and to watch for 
manifestation of this abiUty, especially the executive ability? 

Could an examination be given which would demonstrate the native 
ability, judgment, and a number of other qualifications of the student? 

Can we trust a student in her senior year not having had any courses 
in institutional work to decide whether she will like any one branch of 
institutional work and them simply train her for that one line? 

How far can we trust her judgment and how far can we specialize for 
her in this training? 

It seems to me that an institutional manager must have all the train- 
ing possible in all kinds of institutional work; for instance, a dietitian 
must understand far more than simply the science of physiological chem- 
istry and dietetics, for, essential as that is, it is a small part of the neces- 
sary knowledge possessed by a successful dietitian. 

Is it not best to have institutional courses and laboratory work re- 
quired for all institutional workers, studying all kinds of institutional 
management? 

Experience is becoming a more and more valuable asset to institutional 
workers all the time and the value of the training and experience of an 
assistant's position can not be overestimated. Specialization may come 
at this time, and the student be better able to judge the kind of work 
preferred. 



SUMMARY OF RECENT INSTITUTION VISITS 37 

It seems only a question of time when this practice work will be 
required by all colleges before the diploma is given. Some schools of 
mechanical engineering require shop work in the summer from their 
students. Shall we not follow a similar plan in the near future? 

The demand for good institutional workers continues to exceed the 
demand for teachers of domestic science and as the salaries are some- 
what better — living expenses in most instances being included— this 
work continues to attract more and more people. The question for the 
educators in institution administration seems to be to find the round 
pegs and polish them to fit exactly into the round holes. 



SUMMARY OF RECENT INSTITUTION VISITS 

ANNA BARROWS 

Before I say anything of the institutions that I had the good fortune 
to visit this spring, I want to speak of my own interest in this particular 
line of work. My first experience after a course at the Boston Cooking 
School was a month at Wellesley with a family of thirty. If I had not 
had a hand-to-hand experience with from five to ten I should never have 
known what to do with a family of thirty. As it was I received some 
credit because I did not have any soap grease for the grease man. For 
the last ten years I have had a considerable share in a series of experi- 
ments at Chautauqua. While some of you say that six weeks in the 
summer is nothing in comparison with a year's school, or hospital, or 
anything of that kind, one certainly has the begirming and the ending 
of the season; and the experience of breaking in practically all the new 
set of workers. 

We have found that the unforeseen is very sure to happen every year at 
Chautauqua, and we have had to do all sorts of things, from serving 
annual dinners to the trustees of Chautauqua, whom we have repre- 
sented here by Mr. Dewey, or to the President of the United States. 
We have a large lunch room, a small tea room and a commons feeding 
one to two hundred, each representing a different problem. I remember 
once in that lunch room seeing an elderly couple, I fancy a retired 
minister and his wife, order one cup of tea, one order of soup, and divide 



38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

an order of rolls at a total cost of 15 cents for the two. We feel that 
something is accomplished if we give people of that sort an opportmiity 
for a summer vacation. One has more sympathy with that sort of 
thing than with a tea room for the people who are well fed but are 
looking for something new to gratify their appetites. 

In the institutions I visited this spring, in the interests of the Ameri- 
can Home Economics Association, more was being done for the training 
of the teacher than for the training of the administrator. In 15 or 20 
places, largely in the South, I was entertained in the school or college 
boarding house. To summarize the situation in a very few words, we 
might say that where the financial manager of the institution is looking 
out for the care and feeding of the pupils, of course, with due regard 
for the health of the pupil, of keeping them up in good condition for a 
moderate sum, economy must be the thing that is thought of first of all. 
In many of these institutions the pupils are caring for themselves to a 
large extent through the fraternity or sorority house. While here the 
students may desire to live as economically as possible ; still they think a 
little more of their own entertainment and the aesthetic side of life. 

Where we see pupils caring for themselves under the direction of the 
teaching department, we have more education in the art of Hving. And 
I think we may say education in eating is necessary; the education of 
the eater, as well as education of those who prepare the food. There 
is always liable to be some friction where people are fed by some one 
else. If the pupils are doing something for the preparation of the 
food for themselves they are less likely to be critical of what others 
place before them. In many places where • went there was too wide a 
separation between the Home Economics Department and the feeding 
of the students. They had not yet come to reaUze that here was some- 
thing that the head of the department should look after. 

Since the manager of any large enterprise must be constantly teach- 
ing, there is need that the young woman who is fitting herself for a 
dietitian, should have some training in methods of teaching. The 
teacher of Home Economics must know something of administrative 
methods, for she is likely at any time to be called upon for advice or 
more active connection with the school dormitory or lunch room. These 
two lines of training should not be entirely separated in our fitting 
schools. 



COST OF FOODS FROM PRISON TO PALACE HOTEL 39 

COST OF FOODS FROM PRISON TO PALACE HOTEL 

MRS. MELVIL DEWEY 
Lake Placid Club 

War conditions and the consequent scarcity of food in many coun- 
tries, suggested the investigation to which this day's program is de- 
voted. Not only the price but nutritive needs and hygienic results of 
feeding under various living conditions should be considered to make 
this study of value. 

In seeking information on prison fare, appeals were made to the 
wardens of several leading prisons but Mr. Thomas Mott Osborne was 
the only one to respond personally and he felt that his knowledge was 
too Kmited, as yet, to speak on this subject. 

A bibliography of material consulted in the State Library at Albany, 
covering both American and English penal institutions, is appended. 

PRISON FARE 

It is now held that the criminal is not a creature of heredity so largely 
as of environment and that a most important developing factor in en- 
vironment is diet. Nutrition unquestionably affects the disposition, 
character, and mental poise of the individual. The Borstal reforma- 
tory system now in use in England, is largely built upon this principle. 
The old theory which has so long prevailed, held that the object of feed- 
ing was simply to keep the prisoner alive and enable him to perform his 
daily tasks, but, if the prison is to be an institution of reform, the right 
kind and amount of food is an essential factor in his reformation. As a 
result of the old system there have been many disturbing elements in 
prison life, mental and psychologic crises due to the disturbed nervous 
condition of the inmates, and made more pronounced by the influence of 
improper diet. While the prisoner is not incarcerated for the purpose 
of being fed an ideal diet, nevertheless he should be fed a palatable and 
well balanced ration, calculated to insure good health and a stable 
nervous system. 

The last investigation of our state institutions (Annual Report 1915, 
N. Y. Dept. of Efficiency and Economy) shows that the complaints made 
of the meals furnished prisoners in all four of our state prisons, Auburn, 
Clinton, Great Meadow, and Sing Sing, the manner of service, lack of 



40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

suitable equipment, monotony and poor quality of the cooking, were 
well founded. 

The daily per capita for feeding men prisoners in New York State 
ranges from 11.29 cents at Auburn to 12.58 at Sing Sing. The average 
expense per prisoner per day for 3 meals in all our prisons is about 11.5 
cents. Occasionally it drops way below this sum. Three meals at 
Sing Sing June 5, 1914 cost 7| cents per capita, 4 other days 6.95. The 
menu on the lowest day was: Breakfast: corn meal, milk, bread, coffee; 
Dinner, macaroni, bean soup, coflfee, bread; supper: tea, bread. 

In this dietary the milk is adulterated to 3 or 4 times its bulk with 
water, the coffee is nothing but a slop, no taste of coffee being discern- 
ible, and the general statement is that to drink it brings on indigestion. 
The tea is a strong preparation of tannin, strong enough to tan leather. 
The macaroni is steamed, not baked. There was nothing appetizing 
for the prisoners to eat at breakfast except bread; at dinner, bean soup 
and bread; at supper, only bread. The coffee is made as follows: 3| 
pounds of coflfee to 1| pounds chicory to 200 gallons of water, price 
14 cents a pound. This mixture is sufficient to serve 1400 men at a 
total cost of 56.7 cents a day. To make a good drink the keeper at 
Auburn figured it would require 30 pounds of coffee mixed in the pro- 
portion as now used with chicory and would cost the state $3.40 in- 
stead of 56.7 cents as at present, and would increase the expense in all 
4 prisons about $5000 a year. 

At Clinton prison 3 days in June averaged 6.9 to 9.04 cents per capita. 
Breakfast: oatmeal, with milk, bread, coffee; dinner: pork and beans, 
bread, coffee; supper: bread, coffee. 

Meals at Auburn are said to be the best served in the prisons and 
there the milk was skimmed, not diluted 3 to 4 times. 

It seems extraordinary that so little judgment is shown by prison 
officials in varying and improving the dietary. The same unappetizing 
stuff is served day after day and year after year, with no variety in 
food or manner of preparation. A large number of the prisoners have 
stomach troubles from this cause alone. Canned food is served when 
fresh vegetables would be just as cheap. The meat is cooked to death 
and is covered by a so-called sauce. The kitchen keepers are not to 
blame; it is the fault of the system. 

The law provides that prisoners shall be served "wholesome, but in- 
ferior food." It reads well in the published Hst of meals but in actual 



COST OF FOODS FROM PRISON TO PALACE HOTEL 41 

practice it is awful. At all prisons the beef bought is what is known as 
"clods." The breakfast is one of the horrors of prison life, oatmeal 
one day, hash the next, a very small amount of meat being used, or 
none at all, the hash being a combination of vegetables, unappetizing in 
appearance and taste and is properly described as a "mess." Once a 
week it is baked and then the men eat and commend it. The supper 
always served throughout the State, is bread with tea or coffee which 
are both unspeakably bad. In only one prison was the bread distribu- 
tion sanitary and decent, picked up on a fork and handed to the pris- 
oner. In every other prison the inmates were allowed to paw the bread 
over and sometimes handle a number of pieces in making a selection. 
Repeated efforts have been made to secure baking ovens but without 
avail, and every one of the kitchen keepers has deplored the vile stuff 
served as tea and coffee. Only one prison has suitable arrangements 
for cooking food; that has a bake oven, but in all the others the food is 
cooked in steam kettles, whereby all the taste is cooked out of it and 
it is served in a watery condition. 

When the character of the food served is taken into consideration, it 
is not surprising that our prisons do not reform and that work in the 
shops is not satisfactory. One prison, Great Meadow, has a large farm 
worked by the prisoners, where fresh vegetables are sometimes served 
them. The fact that a daily supply of fresh vegetables in summer is 
not served in all of our prisons is simply an indictment of the efficiency 
of prison administration both in Albany and at the several prisons. 
Examination of the various mess halls and kitchens shows that a com- 
plete change in the feeding of prisoners should be made. In addition 
the sanitary and hygienic conditions in some of these prisons is a disgrace 
to the state. 

Prof. Charles R. Henderson in his report on Penal and Reformatory 
Institutions, 1910, outlines many necessary improvements and even 
suggests ideal conditions: first, a suitable room in which to serve meals, 
surroundings being important to power of digestion; dampness, dark- 
ness, gloom, impede and arrest it, while fresh air, light, comfort, and 
cheeriness aid digestion materially. The room should be simple, sani- 
tary, decorated in light, soft shades, pleasing to the eye. Ample tables, 
reasonably comfortable seats, so arranged that the men can be easily 
marched in and out. All meals should be eaten in mess halls; eating 
in cells should not be allowed. The food should be well cooked, 



42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

especially vegetables and cereals. Large brick ovens are desirable; too 
much food is steamed and it is not sufficiently varied. The food should 
be well served by trained waiters, neatly coated and aproned, preferably 
in white. White china should be used, not rusty tin and pewter as 
has been the custom from time immemorial. Prof. Henderson even 
goes so far as to suggest having bright orchestral music at one meal a 
day as an aid to digestion and adds that except the music, Clinton prison 
has used most of these suggestions with advantage and no increase in 
actual cost of feeding. 

The National Committee on Prisons and Prison Labor, through Miss 
Jaffray, Executive Secretary, and Wm. Golden, General Inspector, re- 
port some encouraging improvements in regard to feeding the inmates 
of the penal institutions in New York City. Beginning with June, 
1914 the whole method of issuing, distributing and cooking food was 
changed and a much more balanced diet was installed. The city insti- 
tutions are now equipped for roasting meat and serving foods in other 
ways than boiled and steamed. They have also added to the dietary 
cereals and milk for breakfast. Baked beans, stewed fruit, macaroni 
and cheese, boiled rice for supper, which had not previously been used, 
have added variety to the diet and are much appreciated by the inmates. 

The allowance for inmates of the city penal institutions is 16 cents per 
capita; for employes, 3 meals a day, 31 cents per capita. The object is 
to get the food to the individual in as palatable a form as possible and this 
can be accomplished only by having suitable cooking utensils and the 
number of cooks to handle, supervise, and distribute the food properly. 

It is not generally considered important in penal institutions to have 
any well trained person in charge of this phase of the work, but com- 
petent and rehable help is more essential here than in any other part 
of the institution because food is one of the principal large expenditures 
and should be handled with great care and efficiency. Usually in prisons 
there is one cook or chef who has entire charge of the work. His hours 
are from 4 in the morning to 4 in the afternoon. On his day off the work 
is done by an inmate and the result can readily be imagined. Too 
much is now dependent on inmate help. There should always be a re- 
sponsible and efficient person in the kitchen at all times which would 
mean at least two people to properly supervise the cooking and distribu- 
tion of food supplies. 

Miss Jaffra writes: 



COST OF FOODS FROM PRISON TO PALACE HOTEL 43 

To my knowledge the dietary of the Department of Correction is the best 
in any prison. Dr. Emily Seaman of Teachers College is making a study of 
the prison diets of New York State with a view to recommending changes, 
but her work is still far from complete. 

In regard to Enghsh reformatories and indeed to prison administration in 
England, it is in advance of this country but absolutely along the old lines 
of repression. Mr. Osborne was told when in England that we had to work 
out prison reform in this country before they would awaken to the need of 
it in England. All the details are well attended to; it is the underlying 
principle that is wrong. 

The fact can no longer be ignored that food has an important bearing 
on disposition and character and in the production of certain physical 
and psychic phenomena. Malnutrition is not only a great cause in the 
production of criminals but may be a cause of their continuation in 
crime. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PRISON DIET 

Brush, A. A. Prison diet, address with discussion. (In National prison association. 

Proceedings at Atlanta, 1886, 7:61-66. 
DuNLOP, J. C. Report on prison dietaries. Glasgow, 1899, pp. 134. (Prison commis- 
sion for Scotland.) 

A very scientific report giving amounts, prices and food values of all items discussed. 
Prison Diet. (In National prison association. Proceedings at Cleveland, 1900. 21: 100- 
153.) 

Discussion, with sample menus from different prisons, giving amount and cost of 
food. 
Henderson, Charles R. Standards of diet. (In National prison association. Proceed- 
ings at Albany, 1906, 27: 164-66.) 
Brief and rather general in character. 
Henderson. C, R. Diet in penal institutions. (Ed. Penal and reformatory institutions. 
1910, pp. 265-272.) 

Discusses the serving of food, arrangement of mess halls, etc., as well as the food 
itself. 
Conferences of Stewards of State Institutions. 1st and 2d. (In New York State 
Fiscal supervisor of State charities. Report 1911, v. 2, pp. 199-352.) 
Contains much interesting material about institution dietaries. 
Improving Institot'ion Dietaries. (In N. Y. State Fiscal Supervisor of state charities. 
Report 1911, v. 1, pp. 136-203.) 

Includes analysis and criticism of dietaries of charitable institutions in New York 
State by Miss Florence R. Corbett. 
Jackson, C. H. Examination of state prisons and of correctional institutions for males 
and females, pp. 759-69; 836-40. (In New York State Dept. of efficiency and economy. 
Annual report, 1915, v. 4.) 
Atwater, W. O. Dietaries in public institutions. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Yearbook 1901, 
pp. 393-408. 



44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Gxry, W. A. On sufi&cient and insufficient dietaries, with special reference to the dietaries 
of prisons. Journal of the Statistical Society, Sept. 1863, 26:239-280. 

Recommends reduction in English prison dietaries on the ground that paupers and 
prisoners have been too well fed. 
Smith, Edward On private and public dietaries. Journal of the Society of Arts, February 
19, 1864, 12:212-224. 

Includes prison dietaries, and a discussion of the relation between amount of pris- 
oner's food and amount of labor required of him. 
The Poor Man's Kitchen. Cornhill, June 1860, 1 : 745-54. 

Somewhat sentimental account of amount, cost, and quality of food in English 
prisons. 



FOOD COSTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC CHARITIES, 

NEW YORK CITY 

HENRY C. WRIGHT 

First Deputy Commissioner, Department of Public Charities, Municipal Building, 

New York City 

The Department of Public Charities during the year 1914 saved about 
$125,000 on the cost of food, as compared with the year 1913. The 
object of this paper is to show somewhat in detail wherein this saving 
was effected. 

The Department operates twelve institutions, and for these pur- 
chases about $1,300,000 worth of food, annually. The specifications 
under which the food is purchased are made out by the Bureau of 
Standards, connected with the appropriating authorities of the city. 
It was found that some of these specifications provided for too high a 
quality of goods, and, in other regards, provided conditions that made 
food more expensive than seemed warranted. Accordingly, a study was 
made of the specifications, and certain modifications were suggested, 
which were adopted by the Bureau of Standards. The savings, repre- 
sented by the above indicated amount of money, were brought about 
by the modification of specifications; by a better system of controlHng 
waste, and by the substitution of less expensive foods for higher priced 
foods. A statement of the savings is set forth in the following table: 



I 



Quantity and cost of food supplies consumed during the years 1913 and 1914. 
feeding census 1914 over 1913, 13.7 per cent 



Increase in 



vege- 



Meats 

Milk and cream . 

Fresh fish 

Poultry 

Butter and eggs . 
Flour and yeast. . 
Stock fruits and 

tables 

Vegetable daily 

Fruits daily 

Canned fruits 

Canned vegetables 

Canned fish 

Fancy groceries. . . 
Coffee, cocoa, tea, sugar, 

syrup and molasses. 

Dried fruits 

Cereals 

Provisions 

Sundry groceries 



Quantity 



lbs. 

2,700,026 

5,411,856 

366,778 

204,666 

683,384 

3,939,159 

4,303,496 

108,602 

167,372 

44,862 

68,140 

8,506 

60,575 

924,708 
240,685 
415,312 
510,108 

224,384 



Value 



$323,871.18 

177,922.27 

20,863.55 

40,592.34 

182,146.19 

90,079.74 

71,246.53 
5,846.05 
7,923.16 
4,892.79 
4,195.75 
2,324.57 
9,282.98 

73,558.10 
19,574.50 
11,046.34 
33,613.55 
12,055.78 



Total 20,382,619 1,091,035.37 22,192,549 1,154,074.02 8 



Quantity 



lbs. 

2,882,993 

6,301,997 

400,636 

265,361 

786,198 

3,858,146 

4,590,210 
128,198 
193,396 
28,782 
75,620 
10,396 
70,819 

1,017,221 
292,013 

483,763 
528,504 
278,296 



Value 



Quantity Cost 



$328,381.80 

206,433.02 

22,133.13 

49,167.92 

203,860.29 

86,225.54* 

71,835.47 
5,892.27 
7,789.93 
2,903.12* 
4,099.00 
2,636.85 

10,392.62 

68,376.44 
21,782.46 
13,183.42 
35,425.81 
13,554.93 



PER CENT 
INCREASE 



6.77 
16.44 

9.23 
29.65 
15.04 

2.06* 

6.66 
18.04 
15.55 
35.84* 
10.98 
22.22 
16.91 

10.00 
21.33 
16.48 
3.61 
24.03 



1.39 
16.02 

6.08 
21.13 
11.92^ 

4.28 

0.82 

0.79 

1.68* 

40.67* 

2.31* 

13.42 

11.96 

7.04* 
11.27 
19.35 

5.39 
12.43 



5.78 



"The items which are starred represent "decreases." 

Warranted increase in food costs $149,471 

Actual increase in food costs 63,039 

Saving $86,432 

Some instances of changes in dietary resulting in economies 





CONSUMED, 

1913 


CONSUMED, 
1914 


INCREASE 


DECREASE 


ARTICLE 


Quantity 


Per cent 


Quantity 


Per cent 


Rooster 

Fores of beef 

Hinds of beef 

Turkey 


23,580 

1,351,324 

672,937 

44,276 

2,831,241 

342,717 

59,678 

82,416 

27,078 

24,470 

7,852 


49,792 

1,447,642 

631,992 

34,697 

3,121,594 

272,991 

37,511 

9,850 

122,856 

71,234 

34,252 


26,212 
96,318 

290,353 

95,778 
46,764 
26,400 


1.11 
7.13 

10.26 

3.53 
1.91 
3.37 


40,945 

9,579 

69,726 
22,167 
72,566 


6.08 
21.63 


Potatoes, white 

Cabbage 


20.34 


Potatoes, sweet 

Dried apples 

Dried peaches 

Farina 


37.14 
88.05 


Macaroni 









45 



46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

The feeding census of the Department increased 13.7 per cent for the 
year 1914, as compared with the year 1913. In other words, assuming 
the same unit costs of food, the Department would have been war- 
ranted in expending 13.7 per cent more for its foods in 1914 than it did 
in 1913, or an expenditure of $149,471 in excess of the 1913 costs. The 
actual increased cost, however, was but $63,039, showing a saving of 
$86,432. The items on which this saving was secured are indicated in 
the foregoing table. For instance, the amount of meat increased 6.77 
per cent, while its cost increased but 1.39 per cent. That the cost did 
not increase in proportion to the quantity of meat was due to the fact 
that Argentine beef was substituted for domestic beef at an average 
saving of about $0.0106 per pound. At the same time, a reduction of 
about 41,000 pounds was made in the amount of hindquarters used, 
and an increase of about 96,000 pounds in the amount of forequarters 
used. 

Fresh fish increased 9.23 per cent in quantity, and but 6.08 per cent 
in cost. The reduction in cost was brought about by the purchase of 
fish in the open market, rather than on contract, as had been done in 
the year 1913. It was found that when fish was purchased on open 
market orders that contractors would offer much more advantageous 
prices than when they were obliged to buy on a contract lasting for 
a period of several months. 

Poultry was furnished in a much larger proportion to the patients than 
heretofore, the increase being 29.65 per cent. Its cost was increased 
but 21.13 per cent. The reduction in the cost was brought about by 
the purchase of a larger percentage of roosters than in the year 1913. 
The market price of roosters is usually somewhat less than that of 
fowl. 

It will be noted that the fresh vegetables were increased 18.04 per 
cent, while their cost increased but 0.79 per cent. Heretofore, vegetables 
have been purchased on contract, the contractor bidding on the price of 
vegetables covering a period of one year. It was naturally impossible 
for a contractor to anticipate the market conditions of fresh vegetables, 
the seeds for which had not yet been planted. Under these conditions 
the tendency of the contractor was to bid high to cover possible losses. 
The system of buying vegetables was changed from a term contract to 
open market purchases. At the same time, much more care was given 
to the purchase of vegetables in season. The institutions were in- 
formed of the specific dates between which they could purchase any 



FOOD COSTS OF DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC CHARITIES 47 

specified fruits and vegetables, and the maximum price which could be 
paid for them. As a result, none of these suppKes were purchased when 
the market price was higher than the schedule indicated, or outside of 
the dates set. Heretofore there has been more or less laxity with regard 
to the season within which such things were purchased, and the prices 
paid therefor. 

The amount of canned vegetables increased 10.98 per cent, whereas 
their cost actually decreased below that of 1913. This was accom- 
plished by buying the vegetables in No. 10 cans, instead of No. 2 and 
No. 3 cans, as had been the practice heretofore. During 1914 the 
vegetables were contracted for in an approximate proportion of 80 per 
cent in No. 10 cans and about 20 per cent in No. 2 and 3 cans. This 
proportion seems to work out very satisfactorily in the daily distribution. 

The increase in fancy groceries was 16.91 per cent in quantity but 
only 11.96 per cent in cost. The saving here was due largely to the 
substitution of large containers for small ones. Heretofore chow chow, 
pickled onions, etc., had been purchased in quart bottles, and during the 
year 1914 they were purchased in five-gallon barrels, which resulted in 
a marked reduction of cost. 

Coffee, cocoa, tea, etc., showed an increase of 10 per cent in quan- 
tity, whereas the cost was actually reduced over 7 per cent. This was 
brought about by substituting No. 3 Santos for Bogota, which was 
formerly used. This would seem to be a reduction in the quality of the 
coffee, but the Bogota heretofore had been purchased roasted, whereas 
the Santos was purchased as green coffee and sent to a roaster and de- 
Hvered to the Department immediately upon roasting. This substi- 
tution produced very satisfactory results. 

Dried fruits showed an increase in quantity of 21.33 per cent whereas 
in cost the increase was but 11.27 per cent. This reduction was brought 
about largely by the substitution in size of 60 to 70 prunes for 40 to 50, 
which were formerly purchased; and also by the substitution of dried 
peaches for dried apples and apricots. Both of these substitutes seemed 
to be satisfactory. 

Sundry groceries increased in quantity 24.03 per cent, whereas in 
cost but 12.43 per cent. The saving in this class was secured largely 
by the substitution of broken macaroni for whole macaroni, formerly 
purchased. 

Considerable saving was secured by standardizing the cutting of 
meat throughout the institutions, so that it would be daily adjusted to 



48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

the dietary. Thus the butchers in all of the institutions adopted the 
same method of cutting up the carcass, and also adjusted the cutting so 
that a comparatively small per cent of the better cuts of meat would be 
used for stews. 

Although the feeding census of the Department increased nearly 14 
per cent, the amount of flour used actually decreased, even though there 
was an endeavor to feed more bread then formerly. This was accom- 
pHshed through very careful supervision of the waste bread in each 
dining room, and an adjustment of the distribution of bread based on 
the amount of bread discovered wasted. Thus, the waste bread was 
greatly reduced and, at the same time, the inmates and patients were 
given all they desired to eat. 

The foregoing statement of facts is but a small guide to those having 
charge of the purchase of food supplies for one or more institutions. It 
does indicate, however, the general Hne of foods wherein economies 
have been secured by the Department of PubMc Charities, and it indi- 
cates, also, the class of articles that should be carefully examined to de- 
termine whether or not the specifications are needlessly high ; or whether 
containers are of a size best adapted to the use of the institution; or 
whether or not certain lower cost foods can be substituted for the higher 
priced foods, as, for instance, forequarters for hindquarters of beef; 
broken macaroni for whole macaroni; broken rice for whole rice, or 
fresh roasted coffee for higher grade coffee not fresh roasted. 



STATE HOSPITAL FOOD SUPPLIES 

RICHARD H. HUTCHINGS, M.D. 
Superintendent, St. Lawrence State Hospital for the Insane, Ogdensburg, New York 

The state hospitals of New York under the control of the State Hos- 
pital Commission are fourteen in number, situated in various parts of 
the state and care for more than thirty-three thousand patients. There 
are six thousand five hundred officers and employees. 

The St. Lawrence State Hospital with approximately two thousand 
patients and four hundred employees may be taken as a type of these 
institutions. It is located at Ogdensburg on the St. Lawrence River 



STATE HOSPITAL FOOD SUPPLIES 49 

on a tract of land comprising a little more than twelve hundred acres. 
Two hundred acres are covered by buildings and ornamental grounds 
and the remainder is farm land. 

The farm is operated as a separate department. It is charged with 
all the expenses of maintenance, including the wages of farm hands 
and their board and lodging, seeds, fertilizers, tools, repairs, and mis- 
cellaneous expenses, and is credited with what it produces. Able- 
bodied patients who are accustomed to farm work are employed under 
the direction of farmers and attendants and do a considerable amount 
of the farm work, but no responsibilities are placed upon them and 
their work is entirely voluntary. 

The institution comprises three principal groups of ward buildings, 
Central Hospital, Letchworth and Flower groups, accommodating alto- 
gether about 1800 patients, and three detached cottages — the Tuber- 
culosis Pavihon, the Farm Cottage and Garden Cottage, accommodating 
altogether about 200 patients. 

Each of these groups and each of the detached buildings has a sepa- 
rate kitchen from which food is distributed to the wards. The wards 
in the central groups have small dining rooms in connection with each 
to which the food is transported from the Central Kitchen through a 
conduit, the greatest distance being about 200 yards. The other 
groups and each of the detached buildings has a dining room contiguous 
to the kitchens, to which the food is distributed directly by hand. 

The culinary department is under the direct charge of the chef who is 
responsible for the cooking and distributing of the food and for the 
work of the employees, consisting of cooks, head cooks and kitchen 
helpers. He is required to supervise the service of food in the dining 
rooms, see to the elimination of waste and the proper service of meals. 

The purchases are made by the steward on competitive bids and in- 
clude everything that is not produced upon the farm, but the farm pro- 
duces all of the milk, potatoes, fresh vegetables and pork that are 
needed in the institution. It also produces some beef, butter and eggs, 
but the greater part of these items is purchased. 

The dairy herd consists of about 200 Holstein cows and about 50 
young stock, it being the poHcy of the institution to raise its own cows 
and not purchase on account of the danger of introducing tuberculosis. 
We aim to produce only milk, but in order to have a sufficient quantity 
during the winter months it results in some surplus during the summer, 
which is converted into butter. 



50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

To keep the herd properly strengthened requires an eHmination each 
year of from 20 to 25 animals which are fattened and slaughtered. 

The greater portion of our beef and all of the mutton is purchased 
under contract with one of the large packing houses and is the grade 
known as Prime Western. Recently we have substituted Argentina 
beef and have found it very satisfactory. The carcass is somewhat 
larger than the native, being well fatted and of good quahty. Salt 
pork, hams and bacon are prepared at the store house. 

We have a modern cold storage warehouse, the operation of which 
results in considerable economy in food costs. During April and May 
when eggs are at the lowest price, we purchase in our immediate vicinity 
a year's supply of eggs, about 62,000 dozen, which are kept at a tem- 
perature of between 30 and 32 degrees, and which come out of cold 
storage in the spring in excellent condition with very little loss. During 
June and July, ten months' supply of butter, about 70,000 pounds, is 
purchased and stored at a temperature of about 18 degrees, the quality 
being Creamery Extra, the best grade of butter produced in northern 
New York, which is an important dairy section. We can also carry a 
year's supply of cheese and still have room for miscellaneous articles, 
as salted and smoked meats, fruits, etc. 

Our dietary is based upon recommendations made by the late Prof. 
W. O. Atwater, after an extended series of experiments conducted in 
several state hospitals, covering a period of about three years. He made 
detailed studies of various groups of patients and classified them 
according to their dietetic needs. These were: 

1. The infirm, including the unproductive and inactive chronic 
patients. 

2. The workers including patients engaged in productive employment 
and the more active of the restless and disturbed patients. 

3. The sick and patients recently admitted to the hospital, most of 
whom are in the acute stages. 

4. The employees. 

These four classes were found to have widely varying dietetic needs 
but there is also equal variation in the class of productive patients or 
workers. Some included therein were women engaged in needle work, 
others were men hoeing in the fields. 

As a result of his experiments he recommended an average diet which 
when actually consumed would provide 73 grams of protein, 76 of fat, 
317 of carbohydrates which produces 2305 calories of energy. 



STATE HOSPITAL FOOD SUPPLIES 51 

In order to allow sufficient margin for loss in storage and preparation 
and waste in cooking and serving, he recommended the following quan- 
tities of various foods to be used as a purchasing standard, which has 
since been the basis upon which purchases of food are made : 

TABLE 1 

Per-diem per capita allowance of food for Stale Hospitals 

Farinaceous foods 13 ounces 

Meats and fish 10| ounces 

Butter 11 ounces 

Cheese xV ounce 

Coffee I ounce 

Tea I ounce 

Milk 1^ pints 

Eggs 0.55 

Sugar 2| ounces 

Potatoes 10 ounces 

These quantities have. been found by experience to be rather high. 
Only the patients engaged in the most active work require this amount, 
the average consumption being about 12 per cent less in farinaceous foods, 
about 16 per cent less of meats and fish, 10 per cent of sugar, 20 per cent 
of potatoes, and we usually exceed the egg allowance by about 3 per 
cent. Fresh vegetables and fruits are not included in the table but are 
served regularly. 

This dietary is sufficiently elastic to permit of the substitution of 
cheaper for more expensive foods when conditions of the market 
warrant it. Other articles are substituted from time to time for fresh 
beef. 

A dinner of beef requires, for 2500 persons, 1125 pounds which at 
11^ cents per pound, the wholesale price of full carcasses, with 50 per 
cent extra fores, amounts to $130.32. 

There may be substituted for this: 

Eggs, 437 dozen at 0.22 $96. 14 

Frankfurters, 625 pounds at 0.1198 73 .00 

Salt codfish, 500 pounds at 0.0684 34.20 

Salt salmon trout, 750 pounds at 0.0649 48 . 67 

Salt mackerel, 750 pounds at 0.0637 47 . 77 

Fresh fish, 563 pounds at 0.04 22 . 52 



52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Further economy has resulted from the substitution of potatoes raised 
on the farm which were produced at a very small expense, for maca- 
roni, dried beans, etc. Such substitution would not be profitable, 
however, if potatoes were purchased. 

The limitations of the kitchen equipment and service made it im- 
practicable to attempt a great variety of dietaries nor was such a 
course deemed necessary. The same object could be attained by the 
service of food in the dining room. The patients were seated at tables 
accommodating from eight to sixteen and by grouping them there by 
the class of labor performed it proved entirely practical to establish a 
basic dietary to which could be added extra dishes for those deemed to 
require it. For patients who are engaged in laborious work, meat or 
its equivalent in eggs or fish is regularly served for supper, and to this 
is frequently added pie, doughnuts or pudding. To the patients who 
work on the farm corned beef or mutton hash with potatoes is usually 
served for breakfast. The reputation of the Farm Cottage dietary 
makes it easy to retain the best grade of working patients there to the 
profit of the institution. In the ordinary wards of the hospital where 
the dietetic needs are not so clearly defined as at the Farm Cottage 
are to be found numerous patients in whom age, permanent or tempo- 
rary physical condition or idiosyncrasy make some departure from the 
regular dietary desirable or necessary. Such variations are prescribed by 
the physicians. This places the responsibility for the nutrition of their 
patients on the ward physicians who frequently inspect the dining rooms 
at meal time and who are best qualified to judge of the requirements of 
the individual. No limit is placed upon the variety or character of 
this extra diet. The extra diet prescriptions are sent to the diet 
kitchens and so come within the purview of the nursing service. Extra 
diet may be ordered for any or all of the regular meals or at intervals 
throughout the day and night. The diet kitchens are always open and 
all nurses are instructed in the cooking and serving of food. Articles 
of extra diet commonly prescribed by the physicians in illness and 
convalescence and for patients with impaired digestion include soups, 
broths, eggs cooked variously and raw, baked potatoes, fruit salads, 
cake, ice cream, custards. 

A sample of the basic dietary for one week is given below. It is 
adapted, without modification, to the needs of the majority of hospital 
patients who are in good physical condition, and take a fair amount of 
exercise or are lightly employed: 



STATE HOSPITAL FOOD SUPPLIES 



53 



Regular dietary for patients for the week ending June 13 

Monday: B. Hominy mush, milk, bread, butter, cofifee. 

D. Pea soup, boiled beef, gravy, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, syrup, 
bread pudding. 

S. Raised biscuit, sauce, bread, butter, syrup, tea. 
Tuesday: B. White commeal mush, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Scrambled eggs, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, syrup, rice pudding. 

S. Fried potatoes, cheese, bread, butter, tea. 
Wednesday: B. Hominy mush, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Creamed codfish, potatoes, vegetables, bread, butter, tapioca pudding. 

S. Spice cake, sauce, bread, butter, tea. 
Thirsday: B. Oat-flake, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Mutton pot-pie, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, farina pudding. 

S. Creamed potatoes, sauce, bread, butter, tea. 
Friday: B. White cornmeal mush, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D Baked fish, gravy, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, rice pudding. 

S. Raised biscuit, sauce, bread, butter, tea, 
Saturday: B. Wheat flake, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Scrambled eggs, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, syrup, bread pudding. 

S. Fried potatoes, cheese, bread, butter, syrup, tea. 
Sunday: B. Oat-flake, milk, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Fricassee of beef, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, syrup, rice pudding. 

S. Currant cake, sauce, bread, butter, tea. 

The following is a sample dietary for employees, nearly all of whom 
are young persons and lead rather an active life, being on duty for from 
8 to 12 hours daily. 

Dietary for employees 

Monday: B. Cereal, milk, buttered toast, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Soup, roast beef, gravy, potatoes, bread, butter, pudding, tea. 

S. Cold meat, potatoes, ginger cookies, cheese, bread, butter, tea. 
Tuesday: B. Cereal, milk, buttered toast, bread, butter, coffee. 

D. Fried eggs, potatoes, fresh vegetable, bread, butter, rice pud:!ing, tea. 

S. Cold meat, fried potatoes, split rolls, butter, tea. 
Wednesday: B. Cereal, miUc, wheat gems, butter, coffee. 

D. Beefsteak, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, tea. 

S. Cold meat, fried potatoes, warm biscuit, syrup, butter, tea. 
Thursday: B. Cereal, milk, bread, butter, buttered toast, coffee. 

D. Roast beef, gravy, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, tapioca pudding, tea. 

S. Cold meat, fried potatoes, bread, butter, spice cake, tea. 
Friday: B. Cereal, milk, bread, butter, doughnuts, coffee. 

D. Fried fish, gravy, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, cocoanut pie, tea. 

S. Creamed codfish, baked potatoes, raised biscuit, butter, tea. 
Saturday: B. Cereal, milk, bread, butter, buttered toast, coffee. 

D. Fricassee of beef, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, boiled rice, tea. 

S. Cold meat, fried potatoes, macaroni and cheese, bread, butter, cake, tea. 
Sunday: B. Oat-flake, milk, bread, butter, dougnuts, coffee. 

D. Roast beef, gravy, potatoes, vegetable, bread, butter, chocolate pie, tea. 

S. Cooked eggs, creamed potatoes, cake, sauce, tea. 



54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

There is no reason to believe that the presence of insanity makes any 
great or peculiar demand on the part of the body for food that is not 
paralleled in persons of sound mind. Expressed in another way, they 
require nourishment in proportion to their physical activity. The 
opinion has been held that in the insane there is an increased oxida- 
tion due to mental activity which requires a corresponding increase in 
nutriments. My experience is opposed to this view. It is true that in 
the acute forms of mania there is a very great increase in oxidation and 
the patients lose weight as a rule even though the diet be increased. 
But in this class the mental activity finds expression in unrestrained 
movements which in my judgment is the real cause of the increased 
physiological demand. They are to be compared to soldiers kept on 
the march 18 to 20 hours a day. In states of depression and retarda- 
tion on the contrary, there is a diminution of physical activity, the 
patients may retain their weight on a comparatively small amount of 
nutriment. In such cases the appetite is diminished and the patients 
must be urged to eat. 

The majority of inmates of hospitals for the insane are cases of de- 
mentia of the senile and praecox types. These, as a rule, show very 
greatly reduced activity, they cannot be interested in anything but sit 
idly in the wards all day, rarely moving from their places unless required 
to do so. Many of the young and middle aged praecox patients in- 
crease markedly in weight, due, I have always thought to their inactive 
lives and want of judgment in partaking of food. That many of them 
eat far more than is good for them cannot be doubted but the humani- 
tarian feeling which pervades our institution is averse to sending anyone 
away hungry from the table, but in exceptional cases where the appetite 
is clearly abnormal it is necessary to place a hmit of food even of bread 
served to such an one. 

The senile patients, comprising from 20 to 25 per cent of the popu- 
lation, require a rather simple diet. Many of them have poor teeth or 
none at all, and their food must be finely divided or else be of such con- 
sistency as to require little mastication. To this class we give less meat 
and an increased amount of milk, cereals and vegetables. 

Perhaps a few remarks upon the subject of the cost of food will be of 
interest. It is at this point that the value of a large and well managed 
farm is shown. The farm charged with its expenses and credited with 
its products at a price fixed from time to time by the State Agricultural 
Department showed a net profit of $2 1 ,590 for the last fiscal year. How- 



STATE HOSPITAL FOOD SUPPLIES 55 

ever, this profit is only a matter of book-keeping. The hospital pays 
all the expenses of the farm out of its maintenance account and receives 
all the benefit accruing to it from farm products. If the book-keeping 
showed that the farm sold to the hospital at the actual cost of produc- 
tion the several products instead of being listed at a fair market value, 
would be much below that. I am able to show in that way but two items 
since our books are not kept in a way that will readily show it, but I can 
state that milk actually costs in dollars and cents less than $.02 per quart 
and pork $.053 per lb. 

The average purchase price of some other staple articles which are 
not produced upon the farm are as follows (these figures being for the 
year ending September 30, 1914): 

Fresh meat average $0,116 

Wheat flour of the grade known as "straight" 3 .94 

Butter, per pound 0.289 

Eggs, per dozen . 203 

Sugar, per hundred weight 4.26 

Tea, per pound . 134 

Coffee, per pound . 152 

The net cost of food excluding the expenses of its preparation and 
service is about 1 8 cents per day per capita, which includes supplies fur- 
nished to officers and employees. The cost of maintaining a patient in 
the institution during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1914 was 
$209,229 per capita, or $4.02 per week. 

Disbursements 1913-1914 

Maintenance 

1. Salaries $23,760.52 

2. Wages 167,100.33 

3. Provisions 107,439.42 

4. General supplies 7,360. 69 

5. Farm and garden 16,433 . 82 

6. Clothing 11,942 .21 

7. Furniture and furnishings 8,225 . 88 

8. Transportation of patients 2,791 .94 

9. Fuel and light 51,131 .57 

10. Ordinary repairs and shops 6,024.49 

11. Medical supplies 1,851.77 

12. Miscellaneous 19,907.38 

Commutations and maintenance 4,222 . 55 

13. Lawns, roads and grounds 729.25 $428,921.62 

The average number of patients resident during the year 2050 

The annual per capita cost $209 . 229 

The weekly per capita cost 4.02 



56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

THE UNITED STATES ARMY RATION 

STUART C. GODFREY 

Captain, Corps of Engineers 

This paper on the Army ration has been prepared by the author, 
not with any claim to expert knowledge of the subject. But every 
Army officer must know a little about a great many things; he must be 
prepared to become at any time an "expert by order," so to speak. 
Thus in 1912, while stationed at Fort Leavenworth with engineer 
troops, I found myself unexpectedly in charge of the post commissary 
v/hich handled the main food supply for some 4000 people. Fortu- 
nately there was a good commissary sergeant at Leavenworth; and so 
during my month's incumbency the post continued to be adequately 
fed. 

"A ration (Army Regulat'ons, Par. 1202) is the allowance for the sub- 
sistence of one person for one day." It is interesting to glance at 
the evolution of the ration during a century. As authorized by Con- 
gress in 1798, it was composed of: 

Beef 1 J pounds 

Bread or flour 18 ounces 

Salt . 04 pounds 

Vinegar . 04 quarts 

Soap . 04 pounds 

Candles 0.12 pounds 

In addition to the above, liquor was issued at certain times. This 
liquor component was replaced in 1834 by one of coffee and sugar, but 
up to 1878 the issue of a gill of whiskey was authorized for men under- 
going excessive fatigue. In the meantime the allowance of flour, sugar, 
and coffee had been increased, while potatoes, tea, and pepper had been 
added to the ration. Still later additions ncluded fresh vegetables, 
dried fruits, butter and sirup; while many substitutive articles were 
authorized for issue under certain conditions. Moreover, instead of 
the single ration which up to 1878 did duty for all purposes, other 
rations were authorized for various needs, as described in detail below. 
The American soldier today is undoubtedly the most liberally fed of 
any of the armies of the world. 

(1) The garrison ration, intended for troops in garrison and maneuver 
camps, is made up as follows. (Substitutive articles in parenthesis.) 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY RATION 57 



Beef 20.0 ounces (Mutton, 20; bacon, 12; canned meat, 16; 

fish, 14-18; turkey, 16, etc.) 

Flour 18 .0 ounces (Soft bread, 18; hard bread, 16; com meal, 20) 

Baking powder 0.08 ounces 

Beans 2.4 ounces (Rice, 1.6; hominy 1.6) 

Potatoes 20.0 ounces (Onions, tomatoes, other fresh vegetables) 

Prunes 1 . 28 ounces (Dried or evaporated apples, peaches, jam) 

Coffee 1 . 12 ounces (Tea) 

Sugar 3 . 20 ounces 

Milk, evaporated 0.50 ounces 

Vinegar 0.16 gill (Pickles) 

Salt . 64 ounces 

Pepper . 04 ounces 

Cinnamon 0.014 ounces (Ginger, etc.) 

Lard . 64 ounces 

Butter 0.50 ounces (Oleomargarine) 

Sirup . 32 gill 

Flavoring extract 0.014 ounces 

(2) The travel ration, for troops travelling without cooking facilities 
includes : 

Soft bread 18.00 ounces (Hard bread, 16) 

Corned beef 12 .00 ounces (Corned beef hash, 12) 

Baked beans 4.00 ounces 

Canned tomatoes 8.00 ounces 

Jam 1 . 40 ounces 

Coffee 1.12 ounces 

Sugar 2 . 40 ounces 

Milk, evaporated 0.50 ounces 

(3) The reserve ration, carried in the field by every man, constitutes 
the reserve for field service and comprises; 

Bacon (or canned meat) 12.0 ounces 

Hard bread 16.0 ounces 

Coffee 1.12 ounces 

Sugar 2.4 ounces 

Salt . 16 ounces 

(4) The Filipino ration, for Philippine scouts, reduces the allowance 
of meat and flour, and makes rice a staple. 

(5) The field ration consists of whatever may be prescribed by a 
commanding officer in the field, depending entirely upon circumstances. 

Finally, (6) the emergency ration is furnished, in addition to the regu- 
lar supply, put up in hermetically sealed cans which it is permitted to 
open only in extremity. The present ration consists of three cakes of 



58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

chocolate, with which has been mixed some sugar, malted milk, and egg. 
Its weight is 8 oz. and its fuel value about 1300 calories. 

Handling of the ration. What was formerly the Subsistence Depart- 
ment of the Army has now been included with the other supply branches 
under the Quartermaster Corps. On each post is maintained a com- 
missary, at which articles of the ration and other staple supplies are 
sold at cost to organizations and to individual officers, enlisted men, 
and employees. The commissary at Leavenworth, with its store and 
bakery, employed three sergeants and twenty helpers, and handled a 
business of $30,000 a month. Up to 1910 each organization drew from 
the commissary in kind the articles of the ration to which its numbers 
entitled it; but since then the issues have been made entirely on a cash 
basis. Each month the cost of the ration and its components is figured, 
for local prices, and a schedule of prices issued to govern during the next 
month at that particular post. Each company submits its ration re- 
turn, usually for a ten-day period, showing its estimated strength; 
and purchases from the commissary such articles of the ration as are 
desired. At the end of the month the unused balance to the company's 
credit is paid to the company commander; such ration savings, how- 
ever, "shall be used solely for the purchase of articles of food" (Army 
Regulations) . This permits of the purchase of substitutive articles of 
food elsewhere, and results in a greater variety and flexibility in the 
daily menu. 

The above is the normal procedure for a garrison; in the field the food 
question is necessarily dependent upon the exigencies of local sup- 
pHes, transportation facilities, etc. The ration savings privilege is then 
suspended, and rations issued in kind. The Field Service Regulations 
prescribe that in a campaign each man shall carry on his person 2 re- 
serve rations (wt. about 2 lbs. apiece) which are to be used only in 
case of emergency, such as separation from the trains. On the field 
trains which accompany the troops are carried one day's reserve ration 
per man and two days' field rations, which form the normal supply and 
are more varied in character. On the supply trains, which form the 
connecting link between distributing points and field trains, are carried 
2 field rations per man. 

Company organization. Each company in the Army has its own mess, 
for which the company commander is primarily responsible. The 
latter must make daily inspections of the mess, and naturally devotes 
much attention to this important question of company administration. 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY RATION 59 

It is the mess sergeant, however, who is directly responsible for the 
welfare of the mess. It is his duty to buy the food, to plan the meals, 
to supervise the cooks and assistants, and to submit to the captain a 
daily statement showing the financial status of the mess. The system 
of ration savings has of course given him a greatly increased responsi- 
bility in buying and planning. For the normal company of about 65 
men there are provided two cooks, and three helpers and waiters. The 
cooks are authorized to receive extra pay from company's funds; the 
waiters are detailed from the privates of the company by roster. The 
duties of all the above are prescribed in considerable detail in the 
Manual for Army Cooks. 

Equipment. In the garrison kitchens and dining rooms, there is 
noth ng that calls for special comment here. In the field, however, 
conditions require special expedients. All kitchen equipment is car- 
ried on the company wagon. The old Buzzacott ovens formerly issued 
have been replaced by a field range that is scarcely more than a low 
flat box with a chimney, designed to be set with one end over an exca- 
vated fireplace, — the whole very compact but hardly as satisfactory as 
the type previously issued. Nested pots, pans, boilers, etc., accompany 
the range. At each camping place the company kitchen is estabhshed, 
under a tent fly; and at mess call the men file by and draw their por- 
tions in their mess kits. These kits are practically little individual 
frying pans and every soldier is trained to use them as such, though 
individual cooking is the exception and not the rule. Field bakeries 
are established to supply fresh bread. Fresh meat is purchased or 
shipped forward whenever practicable. Our Army has experimented 
with, but has not adopted any standard type of travelling kitchen 
— which the Germans use so successfully to accompany their units 
on the march, and to furnish a hot dish and a hot drink to the troops 
en route. Experiments have also been conducted with fireless cookers, 
and directions for their construction and use are included in the above 
manual. 

Menus. The following general plan for meals is based upon the ex- 
perience of the School for Cooks and Bakers at Fort Riley (a school 
that receives men from all over the Army for a training course of several 
months, and then sends them back to leaven the Army with the knowl- 
edge thus acquired). 



60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Breakfast 

Fruit or a breakfast food 

Meat in some form with a vegetable 

Hot bread with butter, or batter cakes and syrup 

Bread and coffee. 

Dinner 
Soup 

Meat, roasted, boiled, or fried; or fish 
Two vegetables 

A vegetable or pickle salad (frequently) 
Dessert 
Bread and coffee, or tea, or chocolate 

Supper 

Meat or fish in some form 

One vegetable 

Hot roUs and stewed fruit, or jam 

Bread and coffee, or tea, or chocolate 

The following menus may be taken as a fair sample for a day, in gar- 
rison (costs appended). 

{For 50 men — cost of ration, 23 cents) 

Breakfast 

Fried cornmeal mush and syrup $0.76 

Beef fritters and sauce 0.96 

Boiled potatoes 0. 17 

Bread 0.32 

Coffee 0.42 

Total 2 . 63 

Dinner 

Bean soup 0.38 

Baked halibut 3 . 75 

Creamed potatoes . 33 

Stewed onions . 19 

Cottage pudding . 57 

Bread and coffee with milk . 74 

Total 5.96 

Supper 

Hamburg steak and gravy 1 . 12 

Fried potatoes 0.26 

Fried onions 0.28 

Tea buns and butter . 42 

Tea 0.17 

Total 2.25 

Total for day 10.84 

Credit for 50 men at 23 cents 11 .50 

Unexpended balance . 66 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY RATION 61 

To make the garrison ration fit the varied requirements of such a 
menu is a task requiring no httle ability. A well managed mess will 
not spend for flour more than one-half its allowance for this article, the 
balance going to the other necessary ingredients with which to make 
rolls, coffee cakes, desserts, etc., and to purchase cereals, which are not 
included in the ration. Fully two-fifths of the meat ration can be saved, 
in order to vary the monotony of a beef diet by providing sausage, 
liver, fish, chicken, eggs, macaroni and cheese, etc. Similarly the potato 
component is supplemented by other vegetables; dried fruit replaced by 
fresh fruit in season; coffee money spent for cocoa or tea, which is 
becoming increasingly popular. Where luxuries are provided, it is be- 
cause unusual economy has been exercised and good judgment used in 
purchasing. 

In the field the meals are generally somewhat simpler; and supper 
becomes the heavy meal, the midday meal consisting usually of a quickly 
prepared lunch. The following is typical: (quantities are appended for 
a mess of 50 men). 

Breakfast 

Fried bacon 14 pounds 

Lyonnaise potatoes Potatoes, 20 pounds; onions, 5 pounds. 

Bread and sugar syrup Soft bread, 20; sugar, 9 

Coffee (6 gallons) Coffee, 30 ounces; sugar, 1^ pounds; milk, 1 

can 

Dinner 

Cold canned corn beef 10 2-pound cans 

Bread and pickles Bread, 20 pounds; pickles, 1 quart 

Supper 

Tomato soup (6 gallons) Tomatoes, 4 cans; beef bones 

Hard bread 10 pounds 

Roast beef and browned potatoes Beef, 25 lbs.; potatoes, 30; onions, 2; flour, 1 

Steamed rice with sugar Rice, 4 pounds; sugar, 4 

Hot tea (6 gallons) Tea, 3 ounces; sugar, 1^ pounds. 

Bread Soft bread, 15 pounds 

Costs. The cost of the garrison ration, under normal conditions, 
averages about 23 cents. At West Point for the month of May, 1915, 
it was 23.62 cents. Commutation for rations is allowed under special 
circumstances, as for soldiers travelling alone or on furlough, in amounts 
varying from 25 cents to $1.50 per day. When, in 1912, 1 accompanied a 
detachment of engineers to Fort Sill to map that reservation, our duties 
required us to mess in small isolated camps, and we were allowed the 
generous and unusual amount of 75 cents per day for subsistence. 



62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

While it may seem impracticable to feed a soldier well on 23 cents a 
day, if to this sum be added, for purposes of comparison, a reasonable 
amount for retailing of food, transportation, wages for cooks and as- 
sistants, rent, heat, light, profit, it is seen that the soldier's mess is 
comparable to a restaurant where the charges are nearer 75 cents a day. 
Moreover, the mess is usually still further augmented by an allowance 
from the "Company fund" — a sum which each company is allowed to 
accumulate from such sources of income as the proceeds from its billiard 
tables, a percentage of the company barber's earnings, etc. This fund 
can be used to increase the pleasure and comfort of the men — -which 
there is no more effective way of doing than through the company mess. 

Here should be mentioned too the gardens which companies in garri- 
son often maintain, and which are of great assistance in improving the 
quahty of the mess. 

Results. On the whole, it can be safely said that the enlisted man is 
well fed. The food is wholesome, generally well cooked, and abundant 
in quantity. (The fuel value of the garrison ration is something over 
5000 calories.) A troop of boy scouts, on two successive visits to 
West Point, has messed at one of the detachment messes for several 
days, with satisfaction and contentment. I won't say that the soldier 
is always satisfied — what man never grumbles at his food? I once 
overheard one enlisted man say to another, "Nothin' but cornflakes and 
coffee for breakfast this mornin' — and I sneezed — and then there was 
nothin' but coffee!" The words that have been set to the music of 
"Mess Call'" are also somewhat well known: 

Soupy, soupy, soupy — with just a single bean; 
Porky, porky, porky — without a streak of lean; 
Coffee, coffee, coffee — the weakest ever seen. 

For all that. Uncle Sam's fighting man answers this same mess call 
with much zest, and thrives on his Army "slum." 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The following references are given as being authoritative: 
Army Regulations, Par. 1202 et seq. 
Field Service Regulations, 1914. 
Manual for Army Cooks. 
Manual for Army Bakers. 

Mess Officer's Handbook, by L. R. Holbrook, and Mess Sergeant's Handbook, by "Hol- 
brook-Duane," Fort Riley Guidon, Fort Riley, Kans. Agt, 



HOW THE SOLDIERS OF EUROPE ARE FEO 63 

HOW THE SOLDIERS OF EUROPE ARE FED 

MRS. MELVIL DEWEY 

The enormous task of feeding armies has been most carefully worked 
out in every detail. Some one has said: "The army travels upon its 
stomach." Soldier's rations must no only be adequate n amounts 
but must be careful y balanced, for the quality of the fight depends 
largely on the quality and quantity of the food. Supply trains carry 
traveling kitchens, field bakeries, and fireless cookers which are built 
into the carts. They are loaded up in the morning, at noon they halt 
and a supply of hot cofifee, soup or stew is ready to supplement the 
bread which the men carry in their haversacks. Fresh bread is given 
occasional y to relieve the monotony of hard tack. So large a working 
force and so many guards are required that this total service of the 
rear, as it is called, uses over 20 per cent of the men called into service. 
Old men are largely chosen for these duties so that the pick of the fight- 
ing strength stays with the fighting line. Every effort is made to 
supplement the diet by fresh meat and vegetables levied or bought in 
the immediate vicinity of the troops. This living off the country is 
carried much farther in Europe than in British and American practice. 
In home territory or friendly country, supplies are paid for at once; in 
hostile districts they are taken without payment. 

It is claimed that the Turks were the first to make a fixed allowance 
per capita in feeding their army. France boasts that her soldiers are 
the best fed of all; but the Russian is undoubtedly the most liberally 
fed of any of the armies of the world. Germany first worked out a 
scientifically balanced ration and has long held that she was supreme in 
this field, but England says: 

It was probably one of the severest blows to German mihtary pride to learn 
that in the art of provisioning an army they could teach nothing to the Brit- 
ish, and that the completeness and efficiency of the German commissariat sys- 
tem was far excelled by that which helped the little British army to delay, 
and, finally, in common with its allies, to thwart the threatened seizure of 
Paris, and which kept our men at the highest pitch of efficiency when they 
were barring the way to Calais. While in the early months of the war there 
was a lack of men and shortage of munitions, food was always good and plen- 
tiful. The German army in its rapid march on Paris in the autumn of 1914, 
hopelessly out-distanced its provision trains so that sections of the army were 
near starvation. (See London Times History of the War, Part 47, vol. 4, 
July 13, 1915.) 



64 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 



The staple items of the ration must stand heat and storage without 
serious loss in nutriment and flavor. In all nations these consist of 
about the same articles, fresh or salt meat, hard or fresh bread, rice and 
peas with small portions of sugar, salt, and coffee, varying in proportions 
according to national differences in custom which always play a power- 
ful part in dietetic matters. A comparative table of rations is added, so 
far as figures could be obtained. Those in brackets are substitutes and 
are not included in footing of figures. American and British nations 
are estimated in pounds and ounces but for convenient comparison these 
have been translated into grams, 1 ounce being equal to 28.35 grams. 

Army rations compared 





w 


o 


FRENCH 


z 


GERMAN 


AUSTRIAN 


>< 

■< 


>< 

> 

S5 




n 


w 
m 




OS 






D 


ti 


Bread or 


567 


750 


750 
(600) 


820 


700 

(550) 


400 

compressed 


510 

(453) 


567 


Biscuit 


(4.53) 














bread 






Butter or fat 




20 


35 










56 


Meat 


















Fresh or 


567 


250 


375 


400+ 


350 




340 


793 


Tinned or 






(500 with 
bone) 




(250) 
charcularie 






(453) 


Bacon 


(113) 


10 






or chopped 




(340) 


(567) 


Beans 


















Dry or 






30 


140 










Baked 














113 




Vegetables 


















Fresh 






(30) 












Tinned 






100 




(245) 








Dry 




Desiccated 


57 








or 








Potatoes 


1000 


28 
(4) 




1500 
26 


20 


227 
32 


85 


Tomatoes 


14 

(10) 


24 




Coffee 


56 


Tea 


(14) 


Salt 


85 


30 


20 

35 


35 


20 
30 


25 
25 


58 


12 


Sugar 


113 


Oatmeal 


85 
113 




40 


205 






29 




Rice 




Cheese 




Jam .... 




Fruit, dried 




Milk, condensed 


28 












14 


28 


Flour (farina) 








17 










Meat-veg. conserve... . 












200 






Total grams . . 


1514 


2084 


1413 


1617 


2626 


670 


1348 


2050 






Total calories 


3292 




3340 


4929 


3147 


2620 







COST AND METHODS OF FEEDING COLLEGE STUDENTS 



65 



COST AND METHODS OF FEEDING COLLEGE STUDENTS 

EMMA BAKER 
Teachers College, New York City 

Including the 52 employees, 500 is the total average number fed at 
Whittier Hall, Teachers College dormitory for women. Of the $4.25 
per week, or 60f cents per capita per day we are allowed 42 cents for 
foods alone. The present averages are: foods 41| cents; wages, includ- 
ing salaries, 11 cents; laundry 2 cents; the balance 6t¥ cents going toward 
the overhead expenses which are now charged to "Buildings and 
Grounds." The division of foodstuffs is as follows: 



Meats, fish and poultry 

Eggs 

Milk 

Cream 

Butter 

Fresh fruits and vegetables 

Groceries, including canned goods 



AMOUNT 


COST IN CENTS 


12 ounces 


\2h 


u 


2\ 


I5 pint 


5 


3T. 


3 


2 ounces 


3f 




5 




10 



4U 



We have no farm, but we have a fair-sized storeroom in charge of an 
assistant who places the daily orders and supervises the work in the 
kitchen and bakeshop. 

The selection of tradespeople, the ordering of groceries, and the 
making of menus are among the duties of the director of dining rooms. 

The wages paid our waitresses are not large, but their hours are 
short (seven). We prefer to employ the inexperienced girl, since she 
has not been the round of the cheap hotels and restaurants. The girls 
are given their room, board, three weeks vacation with pay, and two 
without pay, during the year; with every care in illness. 

Our napkins are changed three times, the cloths twice, each week; 
oftener when necessary. The allowance per capita is three pieces, one 
in use, one in the laundry, one on the shelves. We carry six months 
supply in stock, since it takes that length of time to have an order 
filled, where seal or monogram, are woven into the linen. An order will 
not be accepted for less than 100 dozen napkins or 100 cloths. 

It is only fair to state that Whittier Hall is not a typical college 
dormitory, but one quite unique. 



66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

The average college dining-room, like that of the preparatory school, 
is educational usually. In such dining-rooms, the members of the 
faculty preside at tables, a straight menu and family style of service 
are in vogue, all coming to table at certain specified hours. This is 
much more formal than is the case at Whittier Hall. With one-third 
of our family graduate students, or older women of practical experi- 
ence, with fixed habits, of all ages and nationalities, we find it more 
satisfactory to combine the table d'hote menu with the a la carte bill 
of fare, to extend the period of service, which is individual, to one and a 
half hours, making a more movable feast. Since classes are continuous 
throughout almost every hour of the day and evening, it would be in- 
convenient for all to meet at the same time, and the serving and waiting 
would be most difficult with the large numbers, 450. This tends to 
less restraint and to greater independence on the part of students. 

Another difference is that the dining-room management is entirely 
separate from the housekeeping side. 

In the making of menus, however, every institution becomes an in- 
dividual problem. Tuition or income, season, locality or distance from 
markets, sex, age, activities, custom or previous manner of living — all 
should be taken into consideration. The nutritive value must not be 
lost sight of. Girls, especially, are prone to cut down fat which fault 
we try to correct by the liberal use of oils, mainly in salads. We attempt 
to furnish the much-needed mineral matter largely by the use of plenty 
of fresh fruits and vegetables. Our rations are balanced by the day 
rather than by the meal, the latter method tending to monotony. 

Quality and variety are our watchwords. Quality must always be 
associated with cost, but we never sacrifice the former to the latter. 
In meats, we believe it better to buy a No. 2 cut of a No. I grade, in 
preference to a No. 1 cut of a No. II grade. 

In fruits and vegetables, we buy good but not fancy grades. Fancy, 
small-sized vegetables are immature and lacking in nutritive value. 
Fancy, large-sized fruits are less well flavored, and too much is paid for 
air space. A plea should be made for the winter vegetables, so often 
neglected, which are less expensive than canned goods, and have proved 
acceptable to Whittier Hall students. 

These interspersed with the dried vegetables and tinned tomatoes, 
peas, beans, and corn, give a splendid variety. Things used out-of- 
season we fail to appreciate when at their best, in season, and when least 
expensive. 



COST AND METHODS OF FEEDING COLLEGE STUDENTS 67 

When possible to secure good, fresh fish, we believe it wise to serve it 
at least three times a week, once at each of the three meals. In this 
way, we are able to furnish a varied form of protein. 

About every third day, we serve either steaks, chops, poultry, or lob- 
ster (the last when seasonable and reasonable). 

When 1 imb, veal, or pork is used with chicken, in made dishes, it is 
only honest to say so, since many have decided preferences and objec- 
tions to veal and pork, especially. When veal or pork is served there is 
always an alternate of cold beef. 

Milk, hot or cold, with toast, or lettuce may be substituted for the 
meat dish. 

When lettuce is high and for variety in salad making, romaine, esca- 
role, chicory, or cress is substituted. 

With the numerous forms of wheat, oats, corn, and rice available, 
it seems inexcusable to confine ourselves to a limited variety of cereals. 
If the family is small, a combination cereal, made up of several kinds, 
furnishes that which has made for the strength of the different nations. 
Such combinations can be found on the market. 

Good bread, good butter, clean milk, and good coffee are worthy of 
especial consideration. 

The making of menus is not a simple task. It takes the greater part 
of a day to plan a week's rations. It is easy to arrange for an attrac- 
tive meal wholly lacking in nutritive value, as well as to serve an equally 
attractive one which is difficult for the digestive apparatus to care for 
properly. 

We never like to have it known what the day is to bring forth. A 
deadly routine is inexcusable in this day of possibility and ingenuity. 
We mean to avoid repetitions in kind and in method of cooking during 
the same day; to avoid colors which clash, in the same meal. 

Where a printed menu or bill of fare is used, one can vary the name 
for the same thing, as: potato soup, potato puree, cream of potato. 

In planning menus, it is well to have at hand a Hst of meats, fish, 
seasonable fruits and vegetables, cereals, varieties of rolls, luncheon and 
breakfast dishes, and to begin with the meats and fish for dinner. The 
vegetables are considered in their relation to the meat course to and 
the luncheon. Soups and desserts are planned to make up for lack 
of essentials in the rest of the meal. 

We draw from every available source for new ideas. The classes often 
contribute to the cause, each student in food administration, being 



68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

required as a part of her work, to hand in a tried and practical recipe 
for a meat substitute and a dessert which she has not seen served at 
Whittier Hall. 

At breakfast we have a bill-of-fare with its 

Choice of fruits — one seasonable (orange, grapefruit, canteloupe, berries) , 
bananas, or stewed fruit; choice of cereals cooked (one) or dry (one); choice 
of meat or fish, usually, or eggs, in various forms, always; choice of rolls or 
muffins or toast; choice of milk, tea, cocoa, coffee. 

About one-fourth the day's allowance is spent for breakfast. 

Luncheon is often a hurried meal, and so should be easily and quickly 
served, but satisfying. Upon it we also spend one-fourth the day's 
allowance. Made-overs, meat substitutes, with salads (invariably a 
salad) form the basis of this meal. Many times fruit is the dessert, 
but always fruit for an alternate if a made dessert. 

Breakfast and luncheon take care of left-overs and made-overs, 
with the dea kept in mind that meat is to be served but twice each 
day, at breakfast and dinner, or at luncheon and dinner. 

Dinner is usually the most formal meal, served at the end of the day 
when there is most leisure and time for sociability. Upon this, we 
spend fully one-half the day's allowance. At Whittier Hall the menu 
consists of : 

Soup (stock, preferably); choice of meat, or fish; potatoes and 2 vege- 
tables (1 starchy, 1 salad or watery); made dessert or fruit (for an alternate); 
choice of milk, cocoa, tea, coffee. 

This meal is made up, wholly, of new material. 

Our grocery orders are placed once in two weeks; meat orders, twice 
each week; fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and cream, daily. 

The fewer the orders, the fewer the deliveries, interruptions, and 
bills, all of which take time and lengthen the red tape, since every bill 
must go through several hands before it is paid. We consider it an 
offence to run out of staples. When such accidents do occur, we sub- 
stitute something in stock. We take just pride in the fact that, with an 
average expenditure of over $7000 a month, our emergency grocery 
bill is about $3.50 a month. 

By spending a little less in the fall, when the students have good 
appetites, we are enabled to be a bit more extravagant in the spring, 
when they are tired and appetites are capricious. 



COST AND METHODS OF FEEDING COLLEGE STUDENTS 69 

One cent per capita, per meal, means a difference of over $5000 in 
our yearly budget. 

The impression is prevalent that the cost of living has been higher 
during the past year. This has not been our experience. While some 
of the staples — flour, sugar, cereals, have been higher, fruits and vege- 
tables have been better, more plentiful, and more reasonable than a 
year ago. Meats have cost us no more. By paying cash, we are able 
to buy to good advantage, dealers being willing to sell on a smaller 
margin. 

The operation of the cafeteria lunch-room, in the Horace Mann 
school, in connection with the Whittier Hall Dining Rooms has been a 
helpful and a profitable combination. 

In all positions held, where I have been responsible for the health of 
a large number of people, it has been my custom to keep in touch with 
expert chemists, the board of health, government inspectors, and physi- 
cians. The advice and cooperation of higher and better authorities 
have been infinitely helpful and encouraging. Upon my work, good or 
bad, depends to a degree, that of physician and nurse. Cooperation is, 
therefore, advantageous to all. 

Regarding methods taken to" prevent waste, eternal vigilance is the 
price paid. 

The buying, storage, distribution, preparation, cooking, and serving 
of foodstuffs are a series of events, each closely related to and dependent 
upon the others. Constant supervision of the garbage is illuminating. 
Bread is sorted after each meal, for that which may be used again for 
toast or for crumbing; the rest is sold. Butter is washed and used for 
cooking. Odds and ends of fruits and vegetables are saved for salads 
and desserts. Nothing which can be used, legitimately, is wasted. 
Anything that has been served on the individual plate never appears, 
in any form, a second time. Fat which we cannot use and bones are 
sold; all barrels and crates are sold; "empties" are returned for credit. 
Our meal system and form of service we inherited and have not 
changed; but we have installed machinery, thereby saving the wages of 
one man, plus room and board. In two years the machinery has paid 
for itself. 

We have inaugurated close supervision throughout every depart- 
ment, and have worked for the welfare of our employees. By these 
methods, we have obtained greater efficiency and greater loyalty on their 
part. 



70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

It is an interesting fact that in over a year there has been but one 
change in our kitchen and pantry or serving room staff of twenty. No 
increase in wages has been asked or given. So far as we know, there 
will be no change at the opening of the new school year in July. 

With an average of about 2500 calories per person, per day, with 10 
to 12 per cent of the total number of calories in the form of protein, 
we are positive that our students are well-nourished. While some, 
doubtless, eat too much, and some too little, where given so many op- 
portunities for choice, the average is about what it should be. Since 
the student may have a second portion of anything or everything on the 
menu with the exception of fresh fruits and desserts, we cannot control 
the amount eaten. Also the employees rations increase the average 
number of calories. The amount of food returned on the plates, while 
not large, counts for something. 

While we cannot cater to the individual, we do try to please and to 
satisfy, as far as possible. "What is one man's meat is another man's 
poison." Safety lies in variety. While it is impossible to please any 
of the people all of the time, it is possible to please all of the people some 
of the time, and most of the people most of the time. 



WOMEN'S CLUBS AND INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT 
PROBLEMS RELATED TO LUNCHROOM SERVICE 

MARY SCHENCK WOOLMAN 

The scope of the study: two rather unique institutions which have 
common problems to meet in lunchroom service and club life. A 
hasty survey, but more information in reports. 

1. The Women's City Club, six months in a building for club pur- 
poses, the work for the benefit of the members, and the purely business 
side secondary. 

2. The Women's Educational and Industrial Union, 38 years old with 
work on a business basis. The work of the Union is many sided, social, 
industrial, and educational. The study is from the lunchrooms only — 
the series at the Boylston Street Building and the scope of the New 
England Kitchen. 



INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS 71 

The Women's City Club of Boston, the first City Club to have its 
own home. Incorporated December 29, 1913, entered clubhouse, 40 
Beacon Street, November 4, 1914. Membership, May 1, 1915, about 
4000. Fee, initiation, $10. Annual dues, $10. 

Purpose. "To establish broad acquaintance among women through 
their common interest in the promotion of the welfare of the City of 
Boston and the Commonwealth; to provide a clubhouse where its mem- 
bers can meet informally; and to provide an open forum where leaders 
in matters of public import and civic interest may be frequently heard." 
Any woman interested in these things is eligible. Pure democracy is 
the aim. 

Club Home. Beautiful building built in 1818 designed by Bulfinch. 
Overlooks the historic common. That the setting may be complete we 
describe the interior and exterior. The entrance doors with the tracery 
above and at sides and the walled in garden with its royal chestnut tree. 
The interior with the spiral staircase to the roof, above which the dome 
shaped skylight, with colored glass and tracery, is seen. The mahogany 
rail curves gracefully upward over the slim white banisters. The rooms 
at the front of the house, both down stairs and up, are fine examples of 
the homes of cultured, wealthy people — solid mahogany, curved doors, 
carved mantelpieces above open fire places, fluted pilasters between the 
rooms and cornices with dehcate ornamentation. Pictorial wall papers, 
original chandeliers and brass fixtures, mirrors with elaborate frames and 
brass cornices. Old hangings of brocade, belonging to the house origi- 
nally, have been donated and renewals are in the same spirit so the 
look of the historic has been preserved as far as possible. The original 
kitchen of the house has been preserved for a club room; it is full of the 
past with its old built-in oven, its fireplace with crane and kettle and 
its built-in closets. 

The lunchrooms and special rooms are on the second floor, the beau- 
tiful, old ones at the front and in a long ell, built the length of the gar- 
den. The kitchens and a lunch counter are on the first floor and on the 
second the serving room and the lunch room, called the trellis room on 
account of the method of covering the rough walls. The rafters are 
exposed in this room. The counter on the first floor gives a cheap lunch, 
as the service is simple; the second floor lunchrooms have more elab- 
orate service and a longer menu. In the latter all meals of the day 
are served, but at the counter only the lunch for the members. The 
remainder of the day it is used for serving meals to the employees. 



72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Only a general effort to give a balanced menu. The age of the house is a 
factor in difficulties of service-extra steps, delayed service, lack of store- 
rooms, constant cleaning, painting, repairs, and renewals. Dust accu- 
mulates and the ell is without cellar. Mice and flies demand a constant 
warfare. Screening is carefully attended to. 

Organization. House committee with house manager who has an 
assistant. In such an institution the house manager has need of many 
qualities as well as training. She needs to be a good business woman, a 
trained administrator of lunchrooms as well as institutions and one 
whose social experience has been adequate and who is able to meet the 
many natures among club members with a calming and pleasing influ- 
ence. The daily account of expenses and of receipts and the trial bal- 
ance goes to the manager for her instruction as to the conditions. After 
a club has settled to its regular running condition many of these things 
can be handed over to other people. Entertainments, public and pri- 
vate, will have to be planned by her at first. 

Lunchrooms. Patrons, women of leisure, wealth, business women, 
teachers, stenographers, and industrial and commercial workers. It is 
impossible yet to know what attendance to expect. Men's clubs- are 
not representative for they spend more than women. The influence of 
the weather is very great in the Women's City Club. The food is sold 
at as low a rate as is possible and yet cover the main expenses. This 
six months the expenses covered have been: checking system, labor, 
printing, stationery, books, supplies, laundry of coats, aprons, dresses, 
etc., ice, gas, food suppHes. The proportion of the manager's salary 
and the lighting and ground rent were not included. The earnings for 
five months were $31,085.92. The expenses were $30,372.04. A sur- 
plus, of $711.88 was the result. The policy of the manager is to buy 
the best food. The assistant is the purchasing agent. She does not 
buy by the wholesale except in a few things, for there is no room for 
storage. She states that much consideration is given the club at the 
retail stores. Dining rooms are four in number, 200 can be seated at 
one time; in order to make money twice this number should be present. 
A la carte service is used, though at dinner or lunch table d'hote is 
served if desired for 75 cents, dinner, or for 50 cents, lunch. At the 
beginning a 40 cent dinner was served but as complaints were made had 
to be discontinued. At the counter the service is a la carte, the food 
costs about 5 cents less a dish than in the dining rooms. This is not 
always the case for often the price is the same. The average meal in 
the dining room is 50 cents, and at the counter 25 cents. Nineteen are 



J 



INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS 73 

seated at counter. About 100 are served at the counter daily, and about 
the same in the dining room. The cost of each dish is a Httle less than 
in the same rank restaurant of a commercial order. The garden is also 
used for lunch in good weather, 134 being served at counter and in gar- 
den this past week. No tipping but a box is provided for donations 
which are divided equally. 

Employees. Three men, four general cooks and three pastry cooks, 
including the chef. Waitresses, 16 to 23 as needed. Boys. The hours 
of the waitresses are eight. Each girl serves 8 places, the time of going 
and coming being carefully arranged. The middle of the day is the 
busiest time. The observance of the many employment laws is not 
required in the Club but is done in most particulars. The men cooks 
have longer hours than the women. The men are paid more. Wait- 
resses are paid $8, head waitress, $12. Meals given to 125 daily. Laun- 
dry for collars, cuffs, aprons and trousers and coats in basement. 

Receipts. The daily trial balance shows that the profits vary daily 
from $30 to $300. The extra money is being set aside for the expected 
summer deficit. 

Preventing waste. Watching prices, handing out supplies and watch- 
ing requisitions, planning menus, filing recipes which have proved satis- 
factory, watching with regularity the waste on plates, saving untouched 
waste on serving dishes, noting unpopular dishes, portions measured. 
Garbage is watched; its disposal is not yet satisfactory. A covered 
building is proposed and an incinerator is under discussion. Galvanized 
cans are in use. 

The Woman's Educational and Industrial Union. Organized 1877. 
Membership $1. Subscription membership $5, life membership $25. 

Work. Educational, social, industrial. 

Club features. Lunchroom, restroom, special membership lectures, 
checking rooms. Number of members 5000. 

General features. Laws of employment for women — 54 hours per 
week, no more than 10 in any one day, meals at stated hours, over- 
hours paid for, toilet accommodations adequate, employment of minors, 
schedules of employment of each, etc. The Union has many ideals 
such as minimum wage and all year service. No tipping allowed. No 
balanced menu and a la carte service. Buildings very old and inade- 
quate causing discomfort and lack of efliciency. Careful consideration 
of all expenses (in calculating profit from lunchroom) — food, service, 
fixed charges. The use of a budget has lately begun with some eco- 
nomic effects. The profits from the industrial departments support 



74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

the social and educational work. In 1914 these departments netted 64 
per cent of the costs, i.e., $33,409.26. Better quarters would increase 
profits. Preventing waste: Personal supervision, efficiency of serv- 
ice, specialization in work, grouping of machinery and service tables, 
time studies, cost accounting, store room accounting, units of measure 
in serving and carving, watching soiled dish table, and standardized 
pans. Two years ago the financial office made a special study of 
efficiency measures to prevent overlapping in purchase in the many de- 
partments to further the exchange of surplus stock, to gain early requi- 
sitions that similar things could be grouped in buying, in the use of 
electric light and elevator and telephone. The best step in economy 
was the appointing of a purchasing agent for all departments, for it 
tended to economy in buying, the best use of the limited storage, the 
saving of overlapping purchase, and a big step toward yearly estimates 
and the annual budget. The Union lunchrooms and food shops feed 
about 10,000 people every day during about nine months — schools 
5000 to 7000, New England Kitchen 700 to 1000, Boylston Street 1000, 
other lunchrooms and food shops inclusive 1000 or more. 

Organization. Director, assistant director, association director, and 
employees. 

Boylston Street lunch. Members and employees in Boylston Street 
Building. Lunchrooms, three kinds of service v/ith varying costs and 
attendance. 

Boylston Street. For the general public who like things well done. 
Daily average attendance 299. Nine waitresses, 1 checker, 1 cashier, 
1 head waitress. 

Member's lunch. The menu is neither so varied nor so expensive as 
in the Boylston Street and the service and table linen are simpler. Tv\'o 
floors with two connecting rooms on each — a factor in expenses as com- 
pared with one room on Boylston Street. Daily average attendance 
266. Ten waitresses, 2 cashiers, 2 checkers, 2 head waitresses. 

Employees lunch. Two rooms, service and linen reduced to a 
minimum. 

Food sales department. The director of this branch controls a Food 
Laboratory where cake is made to supply the lunchrooms. This de- 
partment purchases food outright from 85 or 90 consignors. In 1914 
the consignors were paid. The receipts were $113,597.77 and the profits 
$6,219 or 5.5 per cent. Employees 32. A candy kitchen and a catering 
business are also conducted by this department. 

Employees in lunch. 4 cooks, 3 assistants, 29 kitchen helpers. 



INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS 75 

4 head waitresses, 19 waitresses and 5 cleaners. Each waitress has 8 
chairs often filled several times. Wages for waitresses $9.25 for eight 
hours and head waitress $10 for five hours. Meals are given to 29 
employees and 37 are not so fed. 

Receipts. 1914, $118,930.76; expenses, $106,323.15; and profit, 
$12,607.61 or 10.6 per cent. Overhead cost 18 cents per capita. 

New England Kitchen. Serves students, shoppers, and lodgers of 
the neighborhood in lunchroom, 500 to 700 daily; School Lunch, 17 
high schools, about 7000 daily; Food Salesroom, 275 daily, purchases in 
small quantities; Cafeterias and tea house, simple and inexpensive menus 
for clerks and industrial workers in Business Men's Club, Embank- 
ment Tea House, and Summer School Lunch at Simmons College. 
Much of this work has a distinct social service side and only tries to 
cover expenses to show what can be done. The School Lunch has 
been able to show that a good menu can be given and varied at a small 
expense and cover all overhead and other charges. Soup, a hot dish, 
and ice cream are always served and the cost of a dish ranges from 1 
to 5 cents. 

The School Lunch has lately been housed in its own building so that 
it can more readily be taken over by the school board. In this same 
building the Food Laboratory, already mentioned, is housed, one object 
of which is to show the producer the real cost of her product (labor, 
rent, fuel), in order to determine her net profit. Food consignors need 
to know these facts. 

The School Lunch was begun in 1907 and since that much attention 
has been given to estimates of costs, varying the menu, improving the 
service and increasing the amount of hot food served; The food is 
packed and shipped to the different schools daily and the empties are 
returned at night. No prices have been raised and many have been 
reduced; an interesting file of recipes has been accumulated showing 
cost of production and often calorific value. 

Employees. Cooks 11, helpers 7, waitresses 8, sales women 3. 
Wages of waitresses $6.50, three meals and laundry; head waitress $12; 
each waitress serves 8 places. 

Receipts. 1914, $158,562.66. Number fed: lunch, 150,140; school, 
233,621; salesroom, 82,981. 

Expenses total. $158,390.50; profit, $5,272.16. 
Future ideals for the use of such clubs in training and service. Prac- 
tical training for institutional students. (The Union has already begun.) 
Apprenticeship. Welfare of employees — health, personal training, in- 



76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

terest in their lives, mentality, moral qualities, special qualifications 
and time of entering and leaving service. Card Catalogue. The 
connection with the high school : Accommodations, secretarial students, 
home visitors, and assistant workers. Opportunity for training up to 
higher positions should be provided. 



STANDARD PER CAPITA FOOD COSTS 

WILLIAM MORSE COLE 

It may be worth while to repeat in summary form some of the prin- 
ciples of per capita costs, for many at this conference have not been 
here before. 

The absolute figures of the cost for any institution are of great im- 
portance for the managers, but of little importance for any one else; 
for unless one knows all the details of operating conditions one cannot 
make proper allowance for the magnitude of business done. For a 
comparison of one institution with another, the most valuable figure is 
the per capita, for this to a certain degree furnishes a standard unit. 
The gross per capita, however, is only one step in the direction of giving 
full information; for conditions may be good in one respect and poor in 
another, so that two institutions with identical per capita figures may 
be very different in detail; and therefore per capita figures should be 
much subdivided so as to enable one to compare the work of different 
departments and different phases of activity. 

Four fundamental cautions are necessary for any one who is compiling 
per capita costs. The first is that one shall not assume that expendi- 
tures within any period are identical with operating cost within the 
period; for expenditures may be in part for future use, whereas expenses, 
properly so-called, belong entirely to the period under consideration, 
and indeed may not yet have been paid. As an illustration, if you buy 
an expensive machine for the kitchen, a large part of that expenditure 
should be properly distributed over the years of life of the machine, and 
not counted, except for the year's share, in the per capita costs of the 
period; and a part of your cost for the period is a share of the ultimate 
destruction of machines in other periods. 

The second caution is that the divisor for determining per capita costs 
should be the principal residents of the institution, and not merely the 



I 



STANDARD PER CAPITA FOOD COSTS 77 

number of people about the place. Additional per capita costs for em- 
ployees are often desirable; but these are supplementary to the main 
per capita, which should be for irmiates in a public institution, guests 
in a hotel or club, and students in a school or college. 

The third caution is that all costs must be taken into consideration 
before any final per capita costs are determined; for if any costs are 
omitted even those who compile them are likely to forget that some 
costs have been excluded, and they are hkely to make comparisons with 
other per capita costs and not only mislead others but mislead them- 
selves. The costs of an institution are not only food or other materials 
and labor, but a very large number of items connected with space and 
housing, such as rent, deterioration of buildings, insurance, often taxes, 
etc. These, though not always representing cash out of pocket, do 
always ultimately represent such costs; for they must either have been 
prepaid or be replaced ultimately by somebody's cash out of pocket. 

The fourth caution is that one must not confuse the physical object 
of an expenditure with the function which it serves. An expense of 
raw food for a cook is not a guest-raw-food cost, but a guest-service cost, 
and the expense of caring for the room occupied by a laundress is not 
a guest housing cost but a laundry cost. Careful subdivision of all 
classes of expenditure must be constantly made to make sure that the 
expense incurred shall be attached, in the final per capita cost figures, 
to the function served by that expenditure in relation to principal 
residents — of which the main classes are raw food, food preparation, 
housekeeping service, laundry, and special service — such as medical and 
nursing service in hospitals. 

Very few per capita costs have ever been compiled without the neglect 
of one or more of these fundamental principles just mentioned; and yet 
the violation of any one of them nullifies to a great extent the value of 
the figures for purposes of comparison. Institution managers are in the 
main actuated by a high spirit of professional cooperation, and are 
eager not only to get the benefit of the experience of their fellows but 
to render service to their fellows. One of the best services they can 
render is to get per capita costs on something approaching a uniform 
basis which enables them to learn how much better or worse than their 
fellows they are doing, and why these differences occur. Only closely 
analyzing costs will disclose the reason for differences. 

The figures given at a recent meeting in connection with the raw-food 
cost of various classes of institutions were interesting, but they failed 
to do all that might have been done, partly because some of these in- 



78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

eluded the food of employees and others the food of principal residents 
only; so that some were in effect not resident-food costs at all. 

The most satisfactory set of figures available for use at this confer- 
ence are those presented for the Hampton Normal and Agricultural In- 
stitute, for which we have for two dining rooms the per capita for three 
classes of food, for the miscellaneous kitchen and dining room supplies 
and maintenance (in nine groups of cost), for student labor, and for 
salaries of superintendents. The only criticism to be made upon these 
is the failure to subdivide the foods into a larger number of groups. 
The Committee on Uniform Accounting of this Conference four years 
ago reported, after careful consideration by those who were interested 
in food costs both from the point of view of economy and of dietetic 
value, a minimum number of subdivisions — approximately thirty. Any- 
thing less than that will hide either the dietetic value of the food served 
or else the cost of the food as affected by the attempt to satisfy special 
tastes and appetites. 

The Ontario Agricultural College has reported its food costs in a larger 
number of classifications than these recommended by the Conference 
Committee, and the figures are of very great value for comparison with 
other institutions; for we can see what percentage of expenditure is 
incurred for various kinds of meat, of vegetables, of fruit, etc. This is 
possibly more valuable from the point of view of economy than the 
classification of the Committee, but is less valuable from the dietetic 
point of view, for things of unlike dietetic value are here combined, and 
it is impossible to rearrange them in a dietetic classification. The 
desirable thing is that the schedule recommended by the Committee 
four years ago shall be used, and that the results be reported to this 
Conference next year. The larger the number of institutions that follow 
this schedule, the greater the mutual benefit. 

There is an indication of the method of determining per capita costs, 
and I should like to present some of the calculations made by Prof. 
Donald English, Professor of Accounting in Cornell University, in con- 
nection with the bakery of the cafeteria of the New York State Col- 
lege of Agriculture. He finds that the materials take 61 per cent of the 
total costs, labor takes 18 per cent, and the burden or overhead charges 
take 21 per cent. These burden charges he has classified into the 
following groups: light, power, fuel, laundry, board of bakers, housing 
of bakers, rent, salary of engineer, taxes, insurance, depreciation, and 
interest. An interesting illustration of the method in detail is given 
in the calculation for power. He finds how long, for instance, the bread 



STANDARD PER CAPITA FOOD COSTS 



79 



mixing machine is in use, what is its power-consumption per hour, and 
what is the cost per hour, and thereby learns the cost of operating this 
bread-mixing machine per month. He does the same thing for meat 
cutters, suction fans, cake machine, etc. The calculation of lighting 
cost is made in a similar way. The wages of men giving part time to 
the work of the bakery are divided between their various functions, and 
the bakery is given its due share. Depreciation of equipment is deter- 
mined by applying different rates to different classes of machinery, 
according as they are of long or short life. The cost of service in the 
cafeteria is determined by a careful calculation showing the wages paid, 
the wear and tear of equipment, and the number of persons served within 
a typical period, and the derived figure is a service-cost per capita. 
The net result gives very detailed figures for the cost of work of all 
sorts done in the cafeteria, and, though these are not per capita costs 
in the ordinary sense — since the cafeteria service is, of course, a la carte — 
they illustrate the method which may be applied equally well to any 
conditions where similar service is rendered to all. 





HOSPITAL NO. 1 


HOSPITAL NO. 2 


FUNCTION 


Ward patients 


Private patients* 


All patients 




Per patient 
day 


Group total 


Per patient 
day 


Group total 


Per patient 


Group total 


Administration 

Professional care 

Physiciansf 

Operating room 

Nurses, salaries 

Nurses, instruction 

Nurses, board 

Orderlies, salaries 

Orderlies, board 

Supplies 

Living expenses: 

Board 

Food 

Cooking 

Laundry 

Housekeeping 


$0,147 

0.015 

0.25 

0.057 

0.414 

0.011 

0.004 

0.158 

0.376 
0.190 
0.121 
0.404 


$0,147 
0.909 

0.566 

0.121 
0.404 


$0,147 

0.015 

0.25 

0.057 

0.414 

0.011 

0.004 

0.158 

0.376 
0.190 
0.121 
0.909 


$0,147 
0.909 

0.566 

0.121 
0.909 


$0,234 

0.154 
0.115 
0.025 
0.451 
0.019 

0.134 

0.377 
0.287 
0.058 
0.559 


$0,234 
0.898 

0.664 

0.058 
0.559 


Total 


$2 . 147 


$2,147 


$2,652 


$2,652 


$2,413 


$2,413 



* Usually private patients would show a dififerent cost in all groups, but the first; but 
these were small hospitals and virtually the same food was served to all. 

t In the second hospital there was no resident physician. Operating costs were shown 
separately as an experiment. 



80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

As an illustration of a subdivision of per capita costs in which various 
groups, not more than are likely to be clearly serviceable and not so 
few as to combine unduly things of unlike nature, I submit two schedules 
worked out by former students of mine for two hospitals under fairly 
similar conditions. These figures were obtained by an analysis after 
the bookkeeping for the year had been completed, and therefore are 
subject to a few errors of interpretation; but the mere fact that this 
could be done after the books had been closed indicates sufficiently that 
the task is not unduly laborious if the books are kept originally with the 
idea of determining these figures. The interesting fact here is that these 
hospitals show in many respects figures so nearly alike and in others 
figures that are rather widely separated. This sort of thing may be 
done for any kind of institution. 

I personally believe that little can be done of more value for the 
advance of institution management than emphasis for a certain time 
upon such per capita cost figures, for no one really knows what he is 
doing until his results have been converted into such units as those 
suggested by the various illustrations here given. 



HOUSING PROBLEMS OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN 

ASSOCIATION' 

BLANCHE GEARY 

Secretary in Charge of Economics, National Board of Young Women's Christian Associa,ion, 

New York 

First, the girl most in need of safe housing accommodation is the girl 
who has just left home and is beginning her wage-earning life. Second, 
because of the low rate of wages for unskilled labor she has no choice 
but to take the cheapest available accommodation. Third, the cheapest 
available accommodation in New York other than that in the institu- 
tional category is a share of a furnished room, that being one of the 
many thousand inside windowless bedrooms still to be found in New 
York City. Fourth, her next choice would be one of the many thousand 
inside bedrooms with windows on a hall or an enclosed airshaft; and 

^ Abstract of address given by Miss Geary. 



HOUSING PROBLEMS OF THE Y. W. C. A. 81 

SO on, through varying degrees of discomfort and unsanitariness of the 
hall bedroom such as can be found by the hundred in the brown-stone 
fronts and flats of New York City. Fifth, in the small cities the least 
desirable accommodation is again that which the most underpaid girl 
must be satisfied to take if only for the reason that the majority of 
housekeepers prefer to rent to men rather than women. 

The philanthropic world knows well the problem of life in the un- 
supervised boarding home, and in the typical hall bedroom in which 
cold food and paper bags play such a lamentable part. The lack of 
parlor privileges, of home atmosphere and attention to comfort and 
well-being are dangers synonymous with the term "hall bedroom." 
In the institutional world the boarding home of fifty years ago is still 
with us accommodating a handful of girls heavily overloaded with rules 
and regulations, and demanding large assistance from contributions. 
Springing from the desire to modify the drawbacks of the old time pro- 
vision have come the large boarding home's desires for ''home atmos- 
phere" while reducing rules and red tape, and yet understood by girls 
as charity and ignored by the many in consequence. And there has 
come the working girls' hotel without an attempt at home life and 
with the freedom to come and go of a well managed hotel. 

The restless experimentation which has been going on for several 
years shows that the magnitude of the problem of housing working 
girls is being realized more clearly. The National Young Women's 
Christian Association in its turn has developed convictions founded 
upon many years experience all over the country, and it believes that 
ideal housing accommodation for wage-earning girls, living away from 
home, is imperatively necessary. Also that this accommodation must 
be set up on a self-supporting basis, which means that the operation 
of the house must produce some return on the investment in land and 
construction. It believes that this is possible on an average charge of 
$5 a week for room and board. It believes that the success of the home, 
socially and economically, depends upon management. It is a matter 
of common knowledge that the City and Suburban Homes Company 
with some eight millions of dollars invested and experience of many 
years in model tenements in New York City is paying its stockholders 
a substantial dividend on an average rental charge of $1.25 per room 
per week, including steam heat, all repairs and overhead charges. 

The ideal boarding home of the future must be self-supporting if not 
profit-making. It should set up standards of action rather than rules 



82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

and regulations, and should be the next best place to home that a girl 
can find in city life anywhere. A private bedroom with a complete 
set of furniture, plastered clothes closet, steam heat and a good light, 
social rooms on the main floor in which she can meet her men friends, 
a home table with home cooking, and self-government as far as it can 
possibly be developed, are essential characteristics of a modern board- 
ing home, and this home it goes without saying must be mothered by 
women of ripe experience, warm heart, and sympathetic understanding 
of girls and their problems. 



NURSES HOME IN BOSTON^ 

MRS. EMILY BEAL 

The Beal Nurses Home and Registry had its beginning in a modest 
suite of rooms in the Palmerston, 406 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, 
in 1907. It was necessary to earn a living for myself and little boy three 
and one-half years of age. That was eight years ago and I wanted some- 
thing to do in a home. I happened to meet a nurse on the street 
who had taken care of me and who told me of how nurses were liv- 
ing. I became interested and felt that the housing of nurses offered 
possibihties. 

There was an apartment in the building of which I was one of the 
trustees, which was vacant, and this I rented. The next step, and a 
difficult one, was to get in touch with the nurses. I put an advertise- 
ment in a paper; one woman answered it. She had been nursing for 
sixteen years, and lived in various places during those years. She took 
an unfurnished room and remained with me six years. One other 
nurse answered the advertisement and she was with me three years. 

This method of reaching the nurses I found was not successful. It 
was necessary to reach the nurses individually, and so I tried another 
way. I wrote up a little sketch telling just what I had to offer. There 
were many things I planned for them which they did not have in other 
places. They were to have the use of a large kitchen to do light house- 
keeping, washing, and ironing, if they wanted to — a sort of free place 

^ Summary of address given by Mrs. Beal. 



NURSES HOME IN BOSTON 83 

where they could do as they pleased. There was one large pantry. 
The unsatisfactory service from this one common pantry for a number 
of people was forcibly brought to my attention, and an individual cup- 
board for each nurse was provided when we erected our new building 
some years later. 

I sent out eleven hundred notices when I had places for eleven nurses. 
I also interviewed a number of heads of hospitals. These notices brought 
results and the apartment filled up very quickly. The first of the fol- 
lowing month, I took another apartment and that filled rapidly. We 
had to refuse so many applications the next month, that I prevailed up- 
on the co-trustee of the property to let me have one of the other apart- 
ments which was simply rented to a tenant at will. That was all the 
space I could have until the next spring. The next fall, a year from the 
time we opened, we refused to renew the lease for four of the apartments 
and took these for our use. In two years we had the balance of the 
building; namely 12 apartments, 72 rooms, and 136 nurses. 

The registry now became a problem. At first I advised all the nurses 
to register at the Central Directory. It was not long, having excel- 
lent telephone service, before the doctors would telephone in asking 
whom we could recommend, after asking for several nurses whom they 
knew. So I was forced to adopt some method of registration for them. 
For the convenience of some of the doctors I began to register outside 
nurses as well as those who lived with us, and charged $5 per year for 
registration. $5 is not enough, but we set this price and we have not 
changed it. I spent a great deal of time and thought in creating a 
system of keeping records which would be satisfactory. 

At the end of the third year, we still had so many people waiting to 
come to us that I deemed it advisable to take an apartment in the 
adjoining building, in fact, several apartments. The telephone com- 
pany installed service directly from our own switchboard into the 
adjoining building. In this way we were able to give very good serv- 
ice and especially the service at night' which is so essential to the 
nurse. A little later we took four other apartments so that we had 177 
members of our household. 

It was at this time that my dream of erecting a new building seemed 
possible. With 177 nurses already with me and many more waiting to 
come I had no doubt that the building would be filled from the opening 
day. Our first thought of building an addition to the old building was 
abandoned as the location was changing. 



84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

I started out on the most fascinating work, to look for a location for 
our new building. Finally, after interviewing real estate men and 
looking over many desirable lots, we decided on the corner of Charles- 
gate West and Newbury Street. In selecting this site, we were mindful 
of two things; First, the refinement of surroundings, and second, the 
unusual facilities for rapid transit. It is delightfully situated in one of 
the most beautiful parkways, the Fenway. The building has been pains- 
takingly and especially planned for our needs. Except the offices and 
suites for the officers and employees, the entire first floor is given over 
to pubHc use. There are ten reception rooms, including a library, 
affording abundant opportunity for the entertainment of guests. The 
dining hall is large, and is planned with the idea of providing ample 
room for lectures, concerts, small dances, or such other entertainments 
as may seem desirable. Each of the five floors above have eight suites 
of three or four rooms, with bath and kitchenette. Every room has two 
windows, except the corner rooms, which have four. We have pro- 
vided a great number of single rooms at moderate cost, which has here- 
tofore been impossible. In the basement which is particularly well 
lighted is a completely equipped laundry for the use of the nurses. The 
building is equipped with electric lights, electric elevator, continuous 
hot water, vacuum cleaning plant, steam heat, and has hardwood floors 
throughout, and particular attention has been given to securing perfect 
ventilation. From this description it can be readily seen that the 
facilities offered far surpass anything ever before attempted for the 
housing of nurses. 

Each nurse has a safety deposit box in a fire-proof vault and an in- 
dividual letter box where she can get her mail without asking a clerk. 
She also has an individual cupboard in her kitchenette, a closet of her 
own in her room — all the double rooms have two closets. There are 
55 single rooms and 85 double rooms, making accommodations for 225 
nurses. We have allowed 12 or 15 business women to creep in and 
have had applications from hundreds whom we have had to refuse. We 
never have a vacancy and usually have a waiting list. The prices of 
rooms vary from $3.50 to $4.50 for single rooms and $3 to $3.75 for 
double rooms. 

In the basement is a store where supplies for light housekeeping are 
sold in very small quantities — a cent's worth of milk, three cent's worth 
of cream, two slices of bread, a roll, etc. Cooking is restricted in the 
kitchenettes. The cooking of meats and odorous vegetables is pro- 



THE BOSTON STUDENTS' UNION 85 

hibited. The kitchenettes all open on air wells and in making this re- 
striction, as well as in making our few rules, we had in mind the welfare 
and comfort of the greatest number of our members. 

At the end of nearly two years in our new building, I am most grati- 
fied at the result of my venture. The house is full and we have a long 
waiting hst. This is most encouraging for at this moment, I am hard at 
work planning another building for the housing of self-maintaining 
women. It is to be a much larger building, having 270 rooms accommo- 
dating over 300 women. It will be a seven story, steel frame, fire-proof 
construction, 13 or 14 reception rooms, library, and other rooms. In 
the basement we are planning to have a cafeteria service lunch room to 
reduce the cost of living and intend to run it on a cooperative basis. 
This building will fill a long felt need. Establishing proper housing 
centres for women is a most promising field, and I hope at some of your 
future conferences to be able to tell you of the great success of my second 
venture in this direction. 



THE BOSTON STUDENTS' UNION 

MRS. KATHARINE OSBORNE 
Director 

The great problem of housing women in large cities is distinctly em- 
phasized in Boston on the student side, when we consider that out of 
fifty academic and professional schools Simmons College is the only 
one which cares for its students in an adequate or organized way. With 
the supposed student population of twenty thousand, the housing prob- 
lem becomes one of serious importance to those who feel their respon- 
sibiHty to the student population of our great cities. I was told in 
Munich that Boston was the largest lodging house city in the world. 
Block after block of rooming houses offer their cold exteriors, with no 
suggestion of a "home table," such as we find in nearly every foreign 
city, and many of our own; so the prospective lodger is forced to seek 
her food in the cheap restaurant, with many deteriorating conditions 
surrounding her. 



86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

It was to meet this menacing condition that a group of thoughtful 
women in Boston founded the "Boston Students' Union" six years 
ago with the hope and intention of gathering together in the student 
quarter the unprotected and inadequately cared for students and offer- 
ing them protection, inspiration, and the necessities of life under sym- 
pathetic and attractive conditions. The experiment has been a suc- 
cess from the first because it met an acute need in a human way. 

The Club plant consists of two houses, built for homes, giving at the 
start the suggestion of home rather than institution. There have 
been added to these a number of small bedrooms and a large dining 
room, which have, however, never disturbed the distinctly homelike 
and personal atmosphere, which has been stamped upon the life of the 
Club by all most interested. 

The Club offers, for a membership fee of one dollar per year, board and 
room for a limited number at a minimum price, reliable addresses for 
lodging, the use of the Club House for all personal and social needs, such 
as callers, teas, and parties and the use of the kitchenette, where a 
supper may be prepared and served to friends in a parlor, which may 
be secured in advance; the use of the study, rest room, books, news- 
papers, and piano; tea free every afternoon from four to five, general 
information regarding opportunities in Boston; vocational assistance in 
the procuring of part time work, which was asked for by about one- 
fifth of the membership last year. Many other opportunities are offered 
the membership in distinctly personal ways, but one of the most neces- 
sary and far-reaching requirements is met by the offer of board by the 
week or separate meals, served under the most comfortable and attrac- 
tive conditions at a minimum price. Once the doors were opened and 
the vital needs of the student met, it was only a matter of operating 
efficiency and personal quahfications on the part of the administration 
to gather into this group a growing number of eager students, who were 
anxious to be shielded from the cheapness of the broad highway, with 
its hideous discomfort and allurements. 

The first year the Club had a membership of 195 and served 43,334 
meals in nine months. This year there is a membership of 465 and 
201,961 meals were served in nine months. The Students' Union is 
run entirely for the interests of the student body. It aims to be a 
clearing house for all requirements, both felt and unrecognized, of the 
students. It is hoped that here, perhaps, more than in dormitory Ufe, 
the student by the very force of the freedom to which she is exposed 



THE BOSTON STUDENTS' UNION 87 

from without will see more clearly the necessity for higher personal 
standards, not being a requirement of a curriculum but a demand made 
by the acknowledgment of dangers without and the deeply felt impetus 
from within the Club. The Club is not a charity, because it pays its 
own bills, but, as Miss Arnold says, "We subsidize it, because we give 
more than the student can ever pay for." 

The question of proper lodging being of the first importance, the Club 
at once turned its attention to the neighboring rooming houses, most 
available for its members. Later, were gathered together into The Bos- 
ton Cooperating Room Registry for Students, the rooming house regis- 
tries in various quarters of the city which formerly worked quite inde- 
pendently and without any very active end in view. The registries of 
the Woman's Educational and Industrial Union, the Young Women's 
Christian Association, and the South End House, although not supply- 
ing a large number of students' rooms, are now cooperatively associated 
and make the rooming business more desirable and profitable. 

The cooperation of the lodging house owner was first brought about 
by inviting groups of the women to the Students' Union for tea and the 
friendly discussion of the neighborhood and the welfare of "the girl 
away from home." As the appeal had to be entirely personal, it seems 
most remarkable that we have, in so short a time, five hundred and 
fifty lodging house women represented, who in greater or less degree are 
really interested in improving conditions. Meetings are held every 
two months at which speakers present questions vital to the lodging 
house problems. Discussions follow and a genial friendliness exists, 
which is bound to bear fruit in the form of more stringent requirements 
being laid upon the lodging house keeper. In our own registry, which is 
only for students, our women are not allowed to take men lodgers, 
and many similar requirements are asked in a leaflet which we circulate 
among the students and the lodging house keepers. A community 
gathered around one university may distinctly regulate its own home 
keepers, but a great cosmopolitan city, catering to a great floating popu- 
lation will find its problems most difficult to solve when an attempt is 
made to regulate many social conditions. The long first step has been 
effectively and firmly taken by the Students' Union in this direction, 
and now efforts are always being put forth to strengthen old successes 
and add new ones. 

We have in the membership of the Club students from nearly every 
state in the Union and from four foreign countries, who are students at 



88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

thirty-five schools or colleges situated within a fifteen minute walk of 
the Club. Many of these students come from small New England, 
far Western, or Southern towns, who believe unfailingly in their own 
great ability to meet the world with absolutely no knowledge of life in a 
great city. Many come to us from the station, bag in hand, without 
the .slightest notion where they will eat or sleep or what it will cost. The 
schools assume no moral responsibility for the students, finding it 
financially impossible to do so. 

We find the schools willing to cooperate with us in many regulations, 
formerly not required, regarding the conditions under which the stu- 
dents shall live, but there is still a great lack of initiative on the part of 
the schools. The Club, as you will see, fills that great need for which it 
was created — to serve the students' need ; to keep the standard of living 
among students high; to fill in as much of the life outside of the class 
room as possible with the inspiration for better things, always within 
reach; to guard the girl on all possible sides, and to give her that per- 
sonal friendliness, which is often the greatest factor in solving the prob- 
lems of youth. 

The Boston Student's Union differs from other Clubs and homes for 
students in Boston, where a limited number live in residence, in that its 
membership is generally made up of those living outside the house 
(there are twenty six-in residence) who find in the Club House and equip- 
ment the answer to many of their unsolved problems, together with ad- 
vice and sympathy, which many times the crowded class room and the 
overworked instructor cannot give. 

The Club would like to extend an invitation to you all to visit us when 
ever it may be possible and let us demonstrate our activities that you 
may judge of its value. 

It has been quite impossible to give more than the barest outline of 
the scope and accomplishment of this almost unknown activity. Many 
people in Boston do not know we exist, whereas, in sharp contrast, a 
girl came to the Club one morning directly from the train, having driven 
twenty miles to the railroad from a little town in the state of Washing- 
ton, but some way she had heard all about us before leaving home. 

It is, after all, the great human social aspect of the problem of youth 
which we all have to meet. How well we meet it depends upon our 
vision and efficiency. 



THE DIETITIAN 89 

THE DIETITIAN 

FLORA ROSE. 

Miss Flora Rose, of Cornell University, who was chairman of a committee on the work 
of the dietitian, presented the following questionnaire, which was sent out by her committee, 
and the analysis of returns. 

The returns have been summarized in the printed report. 

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR DIETITIANS 

This questionnaire, it is hoped, will be a small contribution tov^ard 
solving the problem of the dietitian in the institutional household. 

The immediate purpose is to gain information regarding the teaching 
duties of hospital dietitians in order (1st) to aid the dietitian by sug- 
gesting courses and reference material and (2nd) to work toward stand- 
ardization of such instruction. 

Hospital or Sanitarium : Name. Location. 

What is the rank of the dietitian? 

What is the preparation of the dietitian? (a) training; (b) experience. 

What are the duties of the dietitian beside that of instructing nurses? 
Does she purchase food? Does she have supervision in whole or in 
part of store rooms? 

What work has she in the management of dining rooms? State 
number and kind of dining rooms both as to service and the class of 
people served, also number of diners. 

Management of kitchens: Number and kind. 

What responsibility has she regarding: Helpers' diets; House diets; 
Special diets for patients — State definitely the cooperation desired 
between dietitian and physician in planning special diets, also whether 
the dietitian's training is such as to enable her to carry responsibility 
in this direction. Other duties. 

What provision is made for the training of pupil dietitians? (1) 
Preparation required before acceptance of pupil dietitian; (2) Length 
of course; (3) Pay, if any; (4) Duties; (5) Remarks. 

Instruction of nurses: Length of training course for nurses. Prep- 
aration of nurses before entering training school. Prerequisites of 
course of instruction of dietitian — (a) study, (b) practice. 

Course in cookery and dietetics for nurses: Is the work given in one 
course or in several and, if the latter, in what courses? Number of 



90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

lessons. Method of instruction: lectures; recitation; demonstration; 
individual work, (a) in laboratory, (b) in diet kitchen. Group work. 

Length of lesson: theory, practice. 

Time of day instruction is given. 

Cost to student. 

Time of student nurse in diet kitchen. 

Duties of student nurse in diet kitchen. 

References used (be specific). 

Methods of checking up work: assignments for study; notebooks; 
quizzes (number, kind); State examinations or other examinations. 

Suggestions are desired regarding: (1) Subjects which will be of 
interest to dietitians at the meetings of the American Home Economics 
Association. (2) Improvements in college course or other means of 
training dietitians. 

The questionnaire was sent to 22 institutions with the following 
results : 

Rank of dietitian ranges from assistant to supervisor. 

Preparation ranges from a few lessons under a dietitian to a four year 
college course in dietetics and allied subjects. 

Experience ranges from "none" to twelve years in small and in large 
institutions. 

Duties. 7, include purchasing food (all or part); 8, entire or partial 
supervision of storeroom; 10, have no management of dining room; 
8, have management of all dining rooms or of special dining rooms with 
the persons served ranging from 60 to 400. 

As to kitchen management, 1 institution reported ''none," and 1 
reported "all." Others reported diet kitchen, private kitchen, general 
kitchen, etc. 

Responsibility. For helper's diets — 11 entire, 7 none. House diets^ 
11 entire, 4 none. Some, for private patients, night nurses, etc. Special 
diets — 2 entire, none; 7 in cooperation with physician; 2 plain diets 
after caloric value is given, etc. 

Other duties include inspecting trays, housekeeping, supervising 
orders, instructing pupils, experimenting, research work, etc. 

Training pupils. Preparation before acceptance — 10 provide no 
training; others require: 20 lessons, a domestic science course, a course 
in food study, or graduation from domestic science course at a college 
or university. 



THE DIETITIAN 91 

Length of course — 4 to 6 lessons to two years. 

Pay — "None" to $8 a month and board, lodging and laundry and 
care during illness. 

Duties — Observation or assistance in most of the duties of the dietitian. 

Three have no laboratory preparation. Where laboratory is required 
it is generally in the diet kitchen or diet school under the direction of 
the dietitian and usually it is done in groups of from 2 to 10. 

The length of the lesson varies from 20 minutes to 1^ hours for theory, 
and from 1 to 6 hours daily for practice. 

Instruction. Length of training course — 2 years and 9 months to 
3 years. 

Prerequisites for nurses' examination are from one year high school 
to 4 months course in university. 

For dietitian: Study — theory, chemistry, dietetics, bacteriology, etc. 
Practice — one required none, others practical dietetics work in diet 
kitchen, etc. 

Course in cookery given in one to several courses and includes theory 
and practice in most cases. 

Number of lessons 12 to 30. 

Methods of instruction — 20 have lectures; 16 have recitations, and 
15 have demonstrations. In some cases a definite number (from 10 
to 24) in other cases parts of regular periods. 

Time of day for instruction includes all hours from 7:30 A.M. to 
6 P.M. 

Cost — from "none" to $25. 

Practice work of student — A few hours to 9 weeks. 

Duties — Preparation of diets and meals, all food except ice cream, 
food for private wards, etc. 

References used — Vary from cook books to chemistry of food and 
nutrition. 

Methods of checking up work. Most of them have regular assignments 
of some kind; 14 require notebooks. Quizzes are given during class 
hours or at stated periods, some oral, some written, and vary from 1 to 24. 

Examinations are on theory and practice and are usually at the end 
of the course. Some are state examinations. 



92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

CONCLUSIONS 

ALICE LOOMIS 

The most apparent result of this questionnaire is the variety regard- 
ing the present preparation, duties, and rank of dietitians. It is easy, 
but not altogether discriminating, to conclude that consequently the 
greatest need in this field is the standardizing of dietitians' work in 
order that their preparation may be better accomplished. 

The statement from a woman in one of the larger hospitals that only 
1 per cent of pupil dietitians succeed suggests the need of the appli- 
cation of the principles of scientific management to the selection of the 
right woman for the right place. When one-half of the dietitians do 
not purchase food and one-fourth have entire charge of this work, when 
the responsibility regarding dining rooms varies from none to complete 
charge of all dining rooms, when the variety in the duties regarding 
general kitchens is equally great; and when even the responsibility 
regarding special diets varies from the carrying out of standard diets 
to the prescription of food, it would seem logical to conclude that no 
one preparation can fit a woman to fulfill the duties in the various 
places. 

Some so-called dietitians' positions require more business training 
than can possibly be attained in the ordinary college course, others 
require a knowledge of physiological chemistry which could not possibly 
be obtained in connection with an executive training, even in a four 
year course. The course of procedure in training dietitians that would 
help immediately would seem to be the offering of a good general course 
in Home Economics with electives allowing advanced work along 
particular problems in institutional management, as well as pre-medical 
work. The more discriminating selection of pupil dietitians would 
also be an economy. With the present varied conditions, it would seem 
to be necessary for a girl, after the general preparation, to prepare 
specifically for the position contemplated. One place where immediate 
improvement can be attained would seem to be in the compiling of a book 
containing the material which can be taught by dietitians to pupil 
nurses. As one looks through the long list of references used in this 
fine, one is confronted by a number of books known to be decidedly 
inaccurate and out of date. It would be an economy of the dietitians' 
time, as well as a means toward better instruction, should such a book 



CONCLUSIONS 93 

be compiled. Suggestions for the improvements of college courses 
which were made by superintendents of nurses and experienced dieti- 
tians need no comment. 

INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM TWELVE QUESTIONNAIRES SENT OUT TO 
SUPERINTENDENTS OF HOSPITALS, 1914 

Improvements in college courses or other means of training dietitians 

1. Greater opportunities should be given for obtaining practical 
experience. 

a. More practical work in cooking and in management of diet 

kitchen should be given, 6. 

b. Opportunities for working in a domestic science laboratory and 

also a diet kitchen, 1. 

c. Institutional experience, 2. 

d. Combine theory and practice, 1. 

2. Suggestions as to the organization of the dietetics course. 

a. More emphasis on the aesthetic value of serving, 1. 

b. Students should be taught the value of time, 1. 

c. System in planning work should be emphasized, 1. 

d. More work on the relation of diet to various diseases, 2. 

e. Knowledge of domestic service and servants, 1. 

f. A good text book should be used, 1. 

3. Suggestions for courses. 

a. A course for supervisors of public institutions, 1. 

b. Series of lectures on diet work for undergraduate nurses, 1 . 

c. Training of dietitians for position where they might feed 20 

or 4000, 1. 

4. Cooperation. 

a. Between colleges and hospitals so as to admit students for 
special post-graduate work, 1. 

5. Other subjects that should be included in the training of a dietitian. 

a. A knowledge of medicine and nursing, 2. 

b. Institutional economics, 1. 

c. Considerable physiology and a knowledge of the causes of 

disease, 1. 



94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Suggestions of interest to dietitians that might be discussed at annual 
meeting of American Home Economics Association 

Advantages of a course for pupil dietitians. 

Demand for uniform position for dietitians and uniform treatment in 
hospitals. Dietitians' League. 

Work done in hospital diet kitchens. 
Food boxes used to send out diets. 
Is it better to deliver diets on food trucks or to have each ward 

send to diet kitchen? 
Methods of handling "weighed diets," of delivering and checking 
amount actually eaten. 
Waste food. 

Combining the duties of supervising a nurses' home with those of 
instruction in dietetics and supervision of diets in the hospital. 



STATUS OF DIETITIANS: PAST AND PRESENT^ 

LULU GRAVES 
Cleveland, Ohio 

The dietitian who keeps abreast of the times enough to know even a 
majority of the theories presented can never become narrow because 
in order to know them she must not only know food values; food com- 
position; how to cook and serve food; and the changes which may take 
place in composition and digestibility when heat is applied to food 
materials; but she must also have considerable knowledge of organic 
chemistry, food chemistry, physiology, metabolism, some of the more 
prominent symptoms of common metabolic diseases and probable com- 
plications and results of various phases of treatment — not to mention 
the need of knowing quantities, qualities and prices; and the desirability 
of knowing human nature sufficiently well to be able to effectively con- 
trol kitchen help and to work amicably with everybody in the house 
from the superintendent to the cleaners, for her province covers the- 
entire territory. (Never can the person who does all of this be called 
narrow.) 

1 Abstract of address given by Miss Graves. 



STATUS OF DIETITIANS 95 

Not long since I asked this question of two men — both of whom are 
men of national reputation and both of whom have had considerable 
experience in hospital administration and have taken more than ordi- 
nary interest in the rational feeding of people in hospitals: "If you could 
have a dietitian who would meet your ideal of what a dietitian should 
be, just what qualities and quaUfications would she possess?" 

One replied: 

I do not regard it as any part of the work of a dietitian to look after the 
actual cooking of food for patients in general, although I think a good dieti- 
tian would have general direction of the kitchen, the making out of menus, 
the selection of foods for the several groups of people, but if I were employ- 
ing a dietitian, I would want a woman trained in the scientific work of feed- 
ing the sick under the direction of modern trained physicians. I would want 
her to be well versed in the chemical constituents of food articles, the physi- 
ology of digestion, and the special requirements of those classes of patients 
that need special feeding in the hospital. 

Most of the hospitals have what they call "special diets;" most of these 
special diet slips follow precisely a form used for the past ten or fifteen years and 
they mean absolutely nothing. In other words, the whole thing boils down 
to the actual measurement of chemical constituents of food articles. In a 
dietitian we should have a woman capable of discriminating in this regard and 
of making out menus for these special feedings to obtain just what the doctor 
thinks his patients ought to have in the various nutrient classes, proteins, fats, 
carbo-hydrates, etc. 

The other said: 

She must be scientific; she must be able to determine caloric value of food 
materials, and use this when necessary for special cases; she must know what 
constitutes a proper diet for nephritis, diabetes, cardiacs, or any other dis- 
ease treated largely by diet; but above all else she must know how to cook. 
The cooking done for the public wards and help should be just as well done 
as is the cooking for the staff's dining room, and the luncheons served occa- 
sionally to the Board of Directors. 

I beheve these two answers are typical of the attitude generally 
toward the dietitian. We find representatives of both of these views, 
and they both have convincing arguments. 

To quote again from one of these men: 

There are a few highly scientific internists in the country who really know 
how to prescribe their special feedings, but there are few of these men, cer- 



96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION ' 

y 
tainly not an average of one for each hospital in the country. There would 
be a great many more of these men but the hospitals themselves are to blame 
for the fact that they have discouraged these men from attempting any sort 
of scientific work in their feeding. As a rule there is no one in the hospital 
who could make up a scientific menu or prepare a special feeding unless the 
doctor himself took the initiative and actually attended to the selection of the 
articles of food in detail and looked after their physical preparation. 

Many physicians have actually tried to feed their patients scientifically, 
but they have generally met with such discouragement from the hospital ad- 
ministration that in most cases they have given up the attempt and have 
even ceased to follow their own medical literature on the subject of scientific 
feeding. 

The superintendent of a hospital on the Pacific Coast wrote to me in 
regard to another phase of hospital feeding. 
He says: 

I am very decidedly of the opinion that most hospital patients on a full 
diet are overfed and that such overfeeding usually prolongs their stay in the 
hospital. It is a very difficult matter to handle the question of feeding hos- 
pital patients, inasmuch as there are usually connected with many hospitals 
directors who have no conception of the meaning of such a thing as dietetics 

Probably this interference from the laity is not very general, but 
this injudicious feeding of full diet patients is undoubtedly a condition 
which exists in many hospitals, more particularly with the private room 
patients. 

Thus we all acknowledge a state of affairs which we deplore. We 
gather up the blame and place some of it at the door of the hospital 
superintendent who is indifferent; some at the door of the attending 
physician, who apparently lacks interest; and some of it goes to the 
dietitian, who lacks knowledge or training. We still have a portion 
left which may properly be attributed to the nurses training school. 

Many of the training schools of our largest hospitals give their nurses 
only three or four weeks' work in the diet kitchen; many of them send 
the nurses to the diet kitchens only a few hours in the forenoon; and 
many, many of them send the nurses to us for their entire dietetic 
training soon after they enter the school, either while still in the pro- 
bationary period or during their first year in training — before they 
have any experience in nursing, or any opportunity to know of diseases 
or their symptoms; with practically no knowledge of bacteriology, sani- 



STATUS or DIETITIANS 97 

tation, hygiene, or physiology, and expect us to teach them "cooking," 
in the before mentioned period of time. 

When superintendents insist upon proper attention being given to the 
feeding of patients the doctors will have to give their attention to it; 
or on the other hand, when the physician insists upon his patients being 
properly fed, the superintendent will have to see that it is done. When 
this demand is made, from whichever source it may come, the nurses 
will have to know how to do it. 

Our state registration laws are requiring many schools, which would 
not otherwise do so, to add a course in dietetics to their curriculum; but 
when they do this many of them make it just sufficient to meet the 
demands of the law, rather than sufficient for the needs of the nurses. 
In Illinois it has been, until recently, a recognized fact that the questions 
in dietetics must be simpler than in other subjects given in state exami- 
nations. 

This may perhaps account for the status of the dietitian in some 
places; proper recognition is not given to her or her work. Fortunately 
this is not often the case. 

In how many of our hospitals is the same thought and care given to 
the location, planning and equipping of the kitchen as is given to the 
other departments? Why should any dietitian after spending all day 
in the heat and noise of the kitchen be compelled to spend her evenings 
in a small room, meagerly furnished and with no more conveniences than 
are given the pupil in training? No woman who has spent time and 
money in getting a college training and the experience she should have 
in order to take charge of this department in a hospital wishes to feel 
that she can have no further interest except in her work. It is practi- 
cally impossible to have much in the way of outside interest or even 
friendly association with people outside of the hospital, with the living 
accommodations afforded her in the average hospital today. In very 
few instances has she even been given an ofi&ce or any other suitable 
place to consult with doctors, salesmen, and others, or to do the of&ce 
work which is so large a part of her duties. 

The future of the dietitian depends, obviously, first of all, upon her 
making herself efficient and proving her efficiency. If conditions are 
such that she cannot work to advantage, she should make every effort 
to change such conditions and secure, not for herself personally, but for 
the profession she represents and the position she holds, such recognition 
and such authority as are deserved. 



98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

INSTITUTIONAL SANITATION 

PHILIP S. PLATT 

Superintendent, Bureau of Public Health and Hygiene, New York Association for Improving 

the Condition of the Poor 

It is not many years since the subject of institutional sanitation would 
have been dismissed with a few remarks about the water supply, the 
disposal of sewage, and fumigation following infectious diseases. To- 
day the subject covers a wide and varied field, and its application 
demands both common sense and technical knowledge. It is indeed 
surprising how our conception of sanitation has broadened, how un- 
suspected sources of danger have been discovered, how the teachings 
of an earlier day have been modified or even rejected, and a new appreci- 
ation of the importance of relative sanitary values come into our minds. 

PREVENTION OF DISEASE 

There are few if any sanitary problems in a city institution that are 
not common to a country institution. The consideration then of a 
country institution, housing a considerable number of individuals, 
standing somewhat apart from the town or village will supply us with a 
rather large variety of conditions possessing greater or less sanitary 
significance. 

PROTECTION OF WATER SUPPLY 

Certainly, the primary rule of sanitation for institutions is that the 
water supply should be subjected to periodic chemical and bacteriological 
examinations and that the watershed should undergo a thorough sani- 
tary inspection. If a public water supply is used, such reports can be 
had from the health department of the community. 

Not content to depend upon the vigilance of others to maintain a 
pure water supply, many an institution today goes to the moderate 
expense of subjecting its water supply to a rapid filtration and chemical 
disinfection by means of which a clear, pure supply is assured. 

PROTECTION OF MILK SUPPLY 

While epidemics from an infected water supply may be more extensive 
in their nature, there are probably a greater number of epidemics 
caused each year by the infection of tl^e milk supply. Even if the milk 



INSTITUTIONAL SANITATION 99 

for an institution is provided from its own farm there is no assurance 
that one of the milk hands has not, while suffering in one of the early 
stages of an infectious disease, infected the entire supply. Milk affords 
an almost perfect medium for the growth and multiplication of many 
pathogenic bacteria. Even where pasteurization is practised a slip 
may occur somewhere by which pathogenic germs may gain entrance 
into the supply. It therefore behooves those responsible for the milk 
supply to exercise the greatest care to insure the cleanliness and healthi- 
ness of the workmen who come in contact with the milk supply. It 
is imperative that the workman suffering from even a slight indisposi- 
tion should cease to come in contact with the milk until his complete 
recovery. This should be strictly enforced. Unless the milk is sup- 
plied under the most sanitary and hygienic conditions and the bacterial 
count of the milk is of the quality of "certified milk," pasteurization 
of the milk supply should be required. 

PROTECTION OF FOOD SUPPLY 

But still more important is the healthiness of those who prepare and 
handle the food within the institution. With our present knowledge 
about the insidious danger to the community of the well individual who 
carries in his body the germs of typhoid or diphtheria, the necessity 
for the careful bacteriological examination of all persons who come 
into close contact with food in the course of its preparation, is manifest. 
It is more than manifest; it is imperative if the safety of the inmates is 
seriously considered. 

If ever the necessity for such precautions was driven home it was 
upon the reappearance this winter of "Typhoid Mary" Mallon, with 
her wake of sickness and death. When 25 cases of typhoid were traced 
to her in 1907 she was held under the detention of the Health Depart- 
ment and only after three years was released on parole never again to 
hire out as cook. A few months since under an assumed name as a 
cook in Sloane Hospital for Women she once more quickly transmitted 
infection to 25 physicians and nurses attached to the institution. 

SEWAGE AND GARBAGE DISPOSAL 

The disposal of garbage except from a point of view of a possible 
breeding place for flies has no special significance. From the point of 
view of decency, receptacles should of course be very tightly covered 
and frequently emptied. 



100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

PREVENTION OF INSECT BREEDING 

• The breeding of flies and of mosquitoes, or of insects or rodents of 
any kind upon the premises of an institution is unpardonable. The 
part played by these insects in transmitting disease germs is of sufficient 
importance, even if there were no other reasons, to justify the most 
painstaking crusade of extermination. The excuse of lack of knowl- 
edge how to prevent their breeding is no longer tenable. We have the 
recommendation of the Department of Agriculture for the use of borax 
for the prevention of breeding of flies in manure. As described in the 
bulletin of the Department, the use of 62/100 pounds of borax in two 
or three gallons of water, sprinkled over eight bushels of manure will 
effectively prevent fly breeding without harming to any extent the 
fertilizing quality of the manure. 

Another most interesting method, which takes into consideration a 
curious biological characteristic of fly larvae to migrate downward 
during certain stages of their development, seems to have a very high 
efficiency in ridding manure of the larvae. Briefly described, this 
maggot trap consists of an open framework platform upon which the 
manure rests. A foot or two beneath this framework stands a concrete 
basin in which there is a few inches of water. Some biological necessity 
seems to impel the maggots to crawl downward and, presently emerging 
through the bottom of the framework, they drop into the water to be 
drowned. A small amount of oil will make a film over the surface of the 
water in the basin and prevent the breeding of mosquitoes. 

Since ten days elapse before the egg develops into an adult, the 
removing of manure at frequent intervals will also greatly reduce the 
danger of breeding. There always remains, however, about a barn in 
cracks and corners, sufficient breeding places to render the use of borax 
essential for a thorough crusade against fly breeding. As the early 
flies are responsible for the multitude that follow, the disinfecting proc- 
ess cannot be begun too early. Flies have been observed actively 
breeding in a disused part of a stable in New York City during mid- 
winter. 

Unless an institution is placed in proximity to the seashore, where 
the salt water mosquito seriously complicates the problem, much can be 
done to reduce or even eliminate him. The expenditure of much efl"ort 
and money is entirely justifiable for such work. Where mosquitoes 
are present their elimination becomes a matter of the first importance. 



INSTITUTIONAL SANITATION 101 

One principle only needs to be grasped; the mosquito breeds in quiet, 
stagnant water. As a rule the female seems to prefer small bodies of 
water fairly rich in organic matter, and well protected against disturb- 
ance by the winds or by motion. Consequently, breeding is rare in lakes 
unless it be at the very banks' edge beneath and protected by over- 
hanging vegetation. If there is even a pint or two of water standing in 
a pail, can, jar, pan, gutter, broken cup or bottle, discarded pot, trough 
or ditch, one need not be surprised to find literally hundreds of larvae 
and pupae wriggling about waiting the day when they will emerge as 
mosquitoes. One must not forget that even the smallest collections of 
water within the building, in fire pails and pans of water in which the 
legs of a refrigerator have been placed to make it rat-proof, have been 
found to be prolific breeding places. 

Of course, the most fundamental way to prevent the breeding of 
mosquitoes is to remove the water, either by emptying such receptacles 
as may contain water or by the drainage of ponds and swamps. Oiling 
with light fuel oil, while it may be entirely satisfactory and is often 
necessary has the disadvantage of having to be renewed frequently and 
of making the body of water less attractive. 

Methods of screening as an anti-mosquito measure have been admir- 
ably discussed in the issues of February 27, and April 17, 1915, of the 
United States Public Health Service reports. 

TOILET FACILITIES 

In determining the most sanitary toilet equipment, the principle to 
keep in mind is the desirability of reducing to the minimum the possible 
points of contact. Relatively, of course, the danger of infection from 
such a source is far less than that which exists in the close contact with 
secretions from the nose and mouth which the sneeze and cough of 
another may carry directly to the face. Still, there is wide room for 
improvement over the toilet equipment which may be seen in older 
institutions. 

In the well-lighted and airy compartment, the U-shaped seat may be 
recommended. Much can be done to further the maintenance of the 
seats in perfect cleanliness if they are constructed of a white substance 
which does not stain or absorb moisture, such as cellulo-enamel. The 
use of deodorants which merely mask one odor by the substitution of 
another is not to be recommended, and little credence may be given the 



102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LNTSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

claims of disinfecting apparatus. If children are to be considered, the 
desirability of the low bowl must not be forgotten. To avoid another 
point of contact, automatic flushing devices, controlled by a valve con- 
nected with the seat, should be considered and handles upon doors 
avoided if possible. 

The Bureau of Public Health and Hygiene in connection with its 
sanitary social and economic study of comfort stations in New York 
City, conducted bacteriological tests upon contact points in public 
comfort stations, and organisms of intestinal origin were recovered in a 
considerable number of cases, showing that at least a possibility of 
infection existed. 

SOAP AND TOWEL FACILITIES 

As the use of soap and towel following the use of toilets is one of the 
primary hygienic requisites, proper facilities must be provided. In the 
comfort station study above mentioned, it was found that 90 per cent 
of individuals washed their hands where individual towels were provided; 
60 per cent where common towels were provided and only 22 per cent 
where no towels were provided, showing the interrelation of towels and 
personal hygiene. Similarly striking results were shown in the per- 
centage of people washing where hot and cold water and soap from a 
holder were supplied, as compared with the provision of only cold water 
and common soap. 

There can no longer be any excuse for the common roller towel when 
the individual roller towel of either cotton or paper material is so easily 
available. Where desirable, the installation of automatic vendors by 
which soap and towel and sanitary napkins can be dispensed by the 
payment of a few cents should be considered. While not of any partic- 
ular sanitary significance, the use of liquid soap is preferable from many 
points of view. 

So far as the condition of the building is concerned, the sanitarian 
can ask for nothing more than such scrupulous cleanliness as the plenti- 
ful use of soap and hot water can give. Thorough scouring, fresh air 
and sunlight are far better to rely upon than a score of expensive dis- 
infectants. Under such conditions neither insects nor germs can flourish. 

The relative importance of the various measures for safeguarding the 
health of an institution, has been roughly indicated by the order of 
their discussion, but all are sufflciently important to warrant close 
attention. 



OMISSIONS 103 

The person upon whom rests the responsibihty for the sanitary side 
of institution management should have at least a general understanding 
of sanitary science. Technical knowledge is not necessarily essential, 
for the trained health officer is rapidly entering into his important 
function as expert adviser on the more technical points. Outside of the 
field of medicine and public health it appears to be to special courses 
in domestic science that we must look to lay the foundations for intelli- 
gent understanding and practical application of the important principles 
of Institutional Sanitation. 



OMISSIONS 

The discussions of all papers, and also the following papers and 
reports that were given at the 1915 meeting are not printed in these 
proceedings : 

Report of the Committee on Waste, by Mary U. Watson. 

Institution Cookery, by May Van Arsdale. 

Per Capita Costs, by Melvil Dewey. 

Housing of Self-Supporting Women in Cities, by Sarah Louise 

Arnold. 
The Turner-Balderston Club, by L. Ray Balderston. 



Useful to Housewives Helpful to Teachers 
Text Book for Classes 

LAUNDERING 

BY 

L. RAY BALDERSTON 

Instructor in Laundering, Teachers College, 
Columbia University, N. Y. City 

"This manual on Laundering is by 
Miss Balderston, who is an authority the 
country over on this subject. How to 
remove stains; how to set colors; washing 
woolens, sweaters, etc.; laundry equip- 
ment, various types of washing machines, 
cost, etc.; all these are discussed, and 
explicit directions given." — Philadelphia 
Public Ledger. 

Published by 

L. R. BALDERSTON, 
1224 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Price $1.25 — postpaid 
FOR SALE BY ALL BOOK DEALERS 



Pratt Institute 

Brooklyn, New York 

School of Household Science 
and Arts 



Course in Institutional 
Household Science 

One Year Full Time 

Tuition $90 

Far Particulars Send For Catalogue 



America's Gifts to the Old World 

A PAGEANT OR MASQUE FOR 

Home Economics Students 

BY 

HELEN W. ATWATER and C. F. LANGWORTHY 

A PUBLICATION FOR THE RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 

Single copies, 50 cents; in lots of five or more 35 cents each 

For details concerning royalty and conditions under 
which the pageant may be presented, write to 

American Home Economics Association 

Station N, Baltimore, Md. 



BULLETIN l^w/;7 
American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Five Times a Year by the American Home Economics Association 
Station N, Baltimore, Md. 



Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 



Series 4 NOVEMBER, 1916 No. 4 



KANSAS CITY, MARCH 2, 1917 

There will be a meeting of the American Home Economics Association in Kansas City, 
on March 2, 1917, in connection with the Department of Superintendence of the National 
Education Association. 

MORNING SESSION 

Greetings from the American Home Economics Association 

Dean Catharine MacKay, Iowa State College, President of the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association 
Some Problems in Home Economics in the Public Schools 

Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, Specialist in Home Economics, Bureau of Education, Washing- 
ton 
J. H. Francis, Superintendent of Schools, Columbus, Ohio 
Project Work in Teaching Home Economics, its Value and its Limitations 

Dean W. W. Charters, University of Missouri 
The School Lunch as a Project in Teaching Foods and Cookery in the Elementary and 
High Schools 
Miss Essie M. Heyle, Supervisor of Home Economics, Public Schools, Kansas City, 

Missouri 
Mrs. Mary Baker, Vocational High School, Memphis, Tennessee 
Miss Jenny Snow, Department of Household Arts, Chicago Normal College, Chicago 

AFTEILNOON SESSION 

Fundamental Inter-relation of Courses in Home Economics and other High School Subjects 
Miss Josephine T. Berry, Chief of Division of Home Economics, University of Minnesota 

Teaching the High School Students their Responsibilities as Consumers 

Miss Hildegarde Kneeland, Department of Home Economics, University of Missouri 

A Consideration of the Subject ISlatter of Textiles as a Part in the Teaching of Clothing 
Mrs. Kate Kinyon, Supervisor of Household Arts, Public Schools, Lincoln, Nebraska 

Principles of Design in Relation to the Teaching of Clothing and House Furnishing 

Miss Araminta Holman, Supervisor of Home Art, Kansas State Agricultural College 
Miss EthelwjTi Miller, School of Education, University of Chicago 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The National Education Association, Department of Superintendence, February 26 to 
March 3, presents a program full of interest to (he teacher of home economics who sect 
the relation of her own work to that of other departments of education. Those who can- 
not attend the whole meeting, are referred to the above program of the American Home 
Economics Association on March 2. The headquarters of the Association will be at the 
Kupper Hotel. Reservations may be made by writing to Mr. Otto F. Dubach, Chair- 
man of Committee on Hotels, Board of Education, Kansas City, Mo. 

The Kanseis City Home Economics Association invites the Home Economics visi ors to 
the National Education Association to take a drive over the boulevards and to a tea on 
Thursday afternoon, March 1. The machines will leave the Kupper hotel at 2.30. 

Thursday morning a visit to the schools wiU be arranged. In order to save time, an 
effort will be made to provide motor busses, the cost for each person depending upon the 
total number who go. 

Friday noon, a fifty cent luncheon will be served at the Y. W. C. A. where the Home 
Economics meetings are to be held. Saturday morning a trip is planned through Loose- 
Wiles cracker and candy factory, and through Armour's where a special display will be 
arranged. 

Acceptance for the boulevard drive and reservation for the Thursday morning visit to the 
schools and for the Friday luncheon should be sent, not later than one week before the con- 
vention, to Miss Essie Margaret Heyle, Supervisor of Home Economics, Board of Education, 
Kansas City, Mo. 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL MEETING, ITHACA, N. Y. 
June 28 to July 3, 1916 
PART I 

COUNCIL MEETINGS 
FIRST SESSION 

Breakfast, Thursday morning, June 29. President Martha Van 
Rensselaer in the chair. Twenty- three present, including repre- 
sentative councilors, and invited members of the Association. 

A telegram of congratulation was sent to Mrs. Ednah Rich Morse, 
whose marriage had just been announced. 

Resolutions Committee: A resolutions committee was appointed con- 
sisting of Miss Berry and Miss Lord. 

Affiliated Societies: Miss Bevier made a tentative report from the 
committee appointed at Detroit. Points discussed on affiliated and 
allied societies and their relation to the Association were: (l) limitations 
in regard to eHgibility, particularly in relation to student organizations; 
(2) possible dues from affiliated societies; (3) the danger of representa- 



1916] THE AKNUAL MEETING 3 

tive councilors outnumbering the councilors at large, thus throwing 
control of the Association into the hands of those less truly repre- 
senting its members. 

A letter from Miss Wellman, of the University of Indiana, urged the 
value of affiliating student clubs, to gain interest in the Association. 

Some representative councilors discussed the second point, differing 
as to the feasibility of a membership fee; several suggested changes in 
the constitution in regard to representative councilors. Miss Lord 
moved that in Article III, Section II, of the By-Laws the last para- 
graph under (1) beginning "The association extends to other local clubs" 
be transferred to (2) Article III, Section II following the paragraph 
headed ''Allied Societies," thus by a slight rearrangement correcting 
the difficulty in regard to eligibility for membership. Miss Lord also 
moved that students' clubs be classed as allied societies. Both motions 
were carried. 

The Journal Office: In accordance with a vote of the Council at De- 
troit, the following committee had been appointed by the President to 
consider moving the Journal office: 

Miss Maria tt, Chairman; the members of the Journal Board, includ- 
ing ex officio members, and Miss Stanley, Miss Sweeney, Mrs. Dabney. 

In Miss Marlatt's absence the report was read by Miss Daniels, 
giving the reasons for and against removal. The committee stood 
7 to 5 in favor of the change. After a full discussion by Miss Van 
Rensselaer, Miss Berry, Dr. Langworthy, Mrs. Abel, Miss Bevier, Miss 
Wheeler, Mr. Cole, Miss Johnson, and others, the general opinion seemed 
to be that no move should be made at present. It was voted 12 to 5 
that the Journal office remain in Baltimore. At a later session the 
report was accepted and the committee discharged. 

SECOND session: THURSDAY 4.00 P.M. 

Nominating Committee: The following members were appointed by 
the Council. Miss Bevier, Chairman; Miss Hunt, Miss Harkins, 
Mrs. Woolman, and Miss Denny. 

Graduate School of Home Economics: Miss Daniels reported that 
home economics is not now included in the graduate schools of agri- 
culture, and asked if an organized effort should be made for admission 
to such schools or for some part on their programs. After discussion 
by Miss Berry, Dr. Langworthy, Dr. Andrews, Miss Daniels, Miss 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Bevier, Miss Harris, Miss Johnson, and Miss White, Miss Loomis 
moved that a committee be appointed from among those in charge 
of home economics departments in agricultural colleges, the com- 
mittee to be empowered to take necessary steps to insure representation 
of home economics in the schools of agriculture so long as such schools 
exist; the committee to be appointed by the chair. Motion carried. 
Miss Daniels, Miss Comstock, and Miss Loomis were suggested as 
members of the committee. 

Committee on Committees: At the request of the Council the chairman 
appointed Dr. Andrews, Miss Goodrich, and Miss Laird as a committee 
to review the committees of the Association and bring suggestions to 
the council. 

The Recognition of Allied and Affiliated Societies: In response to the 
question whether the acceptance of such societies lies in the hands of 
the Council or the Secretary, Mrs. Abel moved that a committee be ap- 
pointed to consider the whole matter included in Article III, Section II 
of the By-Laws of the constitution. 

International Office: It was found that membership in the Inter- 
national Office of Home Economics, voted at the Seattle meeting, in- 
volved a fee of $20, and the secretary was requested in place of this 
to arrange for an individual membership. 

National Education Association: Miss Van Rensselaer and Dr. 
Andrews were appointed a committee to determine whether or not it is 
desirable to petition the N. E. A. for a Home Economics Section, and 
if so to present the necessary petition. 

Resolutions: The Council ordered that a resolution be prepared and 
sent to the Resolutions Committee asking for more funds for the Home 
Economics Division of the Department of Agriculture for the prepa- 
ration of literature. 

Miss Johnson was appointed to prepare a resolution in regard to the 
investigation of household labor. 

Bibliography: Miss Lord reported that the New York Committee on 
Home Economics of the National Special Aid Society offer a contri- 
bution of $25 for compiling a reading list on Home Economics if the 
American Home Economics Association will appropriate an equal 
amount, the work to be in charge of the bibliography committee. The 
offer was accepted and the $25 appropriated. 

At Dr. Langworthy's suggestion Miss Lord moved that the Council 
appropriate $60 for the pubHcation of a bibliography of Mrs. Richards' 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 5 

work. She believed that its sale would eventually repay the cost. 

Voted. 

Auditor: Mr. Frank Whitcomb was appointed auditor of the Associ- 
ation. 

THIRD session: SATURDAY 2.00 P.M. 

Place of the Annual Meeting: An invitation was presented from Miss 
Field, Peabody College, Nashville, Tenn.; Miss Berry renewed her 
invitation to Minnesota; invitations were also extended by Miss White, • 
University of Ohio, and by the Cincinnati Home Economics Association. 

It was proposed that a plan be outlined for several years in advance, 
but this was thought impracticable at present. 

The Secretary was requested to send out a questionnaire to members 
of the Association in regard to time and place of meeting. 

New Sections: Applications were received from the committee of 
fifty, for a Journalism Section, and from the Textile Group for a Textile 
Section. In the opinion of the Council these groups should not at 
present form separate sections, but each should be given a session at 
the next annual meeting. 

Revision of Constitution: Voted that a committee on the revision of 
the constitution be appointed, such committee to give special attention 
to Section III and to act in place of the committee formerly voted for 
considering that section. 

Standing Committees: The following committees were appointed on 
recommendation of the Committee on Committees.^ 

Legislation 

Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman, Chairman Mrs. Mary H. Abel 

Dr. B. T. Galloway 

Nomenclature 
Isabel Bevier, Chairman Mrs. Henrietta Calvin 

Minna C. Denton Flora Rose 

C. F. Langworthy A. C. True 

Abby L. Marlatt Ruth A. WardaU 

Home Economics Day 
C. F. Langworthy, Chairman Caroline Crawford 

Helen Atwater Blanche Hazard 

Mrs. E. B. Wilson 



1 The last two committees were appointed later. See Council Report, page 25. 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 



Alice Thomas, Chairman 



Florence Harrison, Chairman 
Elizabeth C. Condit 



Pearl MacDonald, ChairmaH 



Isabel E. Lord, Chairman 
Amy L. Daniels 

International 

B. R. Andrews, Chairman 
^Irs. Mary Schenck Woolman 



B. R. Andrews, Chairman 

Ada Fish 

Mrs. Edith Fleming Bradford 



Emma A. Winslow, Chairman 
Mrs. Alice P. Norton 
Winifred S. Gibbs 



Grace G. Denny, Chairman 
Mrs. Martha French 



Anna Barrows, Chairman 
Anna M. East 



State Supervision 

Mrs. Anna Hedges Talbot 
Emma Conley 

Score Cards 

E. M. Eadie 

Mrs. Luella Scovill Harrison. 

Exhibits 

Florence Winchell 
Frances Swain 

Bibliography 

Alice B. Knowlton 

Mrs. Eva von Bauer Hansl. 

Committee on Teaching Home Economics 
Catharine MacKay 
Helen Atwater 

Family Budgets 

Jessica Peixotto 
Thirmuthis A. Brookman 
Ethel Ronzone 

Social Work 

Florence Nesbit 
Lydia G. Chace 
Mrs. Jane T. Dahlman 
Bessie C. Lee 

Textiles 

Florence Winchell 
Nellie Crooks 

Pen and Press 

Caroline L. Hunt 
Helen Louise Johnson 
Elizabeth McCracken 



Representation: Miss Johnson moved that the President appoint a 
representative to attend the National Housing Association, the National 
Society of Charities and Corrections, and similar associations which 
deal more or less directly with the home, and that expenses be paid 
if a delegate cannot be provided otherwise. 

Election of Officers: The following officers were elected by the Council 
from its own membership, as provided by the constitution: 

President, Miss Marion Talbot, University of Chicago. 

Vice-President, Benjamin R. Andrews, Teachers College. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 7 

Secretary, Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Chicago, 

Treasurer, William Morse Cole, Harvard University. 

Miss Talbot declined to serve and continues as first Vice President, 
annulling the election of Dr. Andrews. The election was completed 
later by the choice of : 

President, Miss Catharine J. MacKay, Iowa State College. 

A complete list of officers is given below. 

A rising vote of thanks was tendered the retiring President. 

Adjourned. 

SPECIAL SESSION 

The Council held a special meeting at Teachers College, New York, 
Wednesday, July 5, 4.00 p.m. 

Nominations for President: Three nominations were made for Presi- 
dent of the Association, and the Secretary was requested to take the 
vote by mail. 

Richards Memorial Fund Trustees: Martha Van Rensselaer, Mrs. 
Melvil Dewey, Anna Barrows, and Caroline Hunt were elected to serve 
as Trustees from January, 1917. 

Proceedings: It was voted to try this year the experiment of printing 
the proceedings of the annual meeting as a separate publication, pro- 
vided funds are available; a copy of these proceedings to be sent to each 
active member as one of the bulletins of the Association, and to be sold 
to others for $2, the proceedings to include all papers presented at the 
annual meeting, either in full, or, in case of papers published in the 
Journal, in the form of a summary. 

Adjourned. 

OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION 

The Association, at its business meeting July 1, elected the following 
officers whose names were presented by the nominating committee. 

Vice-President: Flora Rose, Cornell University (for three years). 

[The other Vice-Presidents are: Marion Talbot (for one year); Abby 
Marlatt (two years).] 

Councilors (for five years): Effie L. Raitt, University of Washington; 
Mary E. Mathews, Purdue University; Ruth A. Wardall, University 
of Iowa; Emeline Whitcomb, University of Wyoming; Mrs. Flora 
Hartley Greene, Columbia, Mo. 

The officers elected by the Council are: 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

President: Catharine J. MacKay, Iowa State College. 

Secretary: Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Chicago, 111. 

Treasurer: William Morse Cole, Harvard University. 

On November 17, the Council appointed the following: 

Executive Committee: Mrs. Abel, Isabel Bevier, Henry Sherman, 
Lilla Harkins, and Mary Sweeney, with the six officers of the Associa- 
tion, and the retiring president. 

Finance Committee: William M. Cole, Chairman; The President, Treas- 
urer, and Secretary of the Association. 

Journal Board: Mrs. Abel, Isabel Lord, Anna Barrows, C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Katherine Blunt, and, ex officio, the President of the Associa- 
tion, and Chairmen of Sections. 

The following resolutions were adopted by the Association. 

Whereas, The American Home Economics Association is deeply concerned 
in the protection of children from exploitation in industry; therefore be it 

Resolved, That the Association assembled at its annual meeting urges upon 
the United States Senate the passage at this session of the bill known as the 
Keating-Owen Bill, forbidding interstate commerce in the products of child 
labor. 

Resolved, That the President of the American Home Economics Association 
be empowered to telegraph to the Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture 
in the Senate urging an increased appropriation for the publication of farmers' 
bulletins on home economics topics, and other home economics literature. 
The total supply is wholly inadequate for the teacher of home economics who 
needs to obtain bulletins in bulk for use as text-books by the students. 

Whereas, The wage-earning group engaged in household labor constitutes 
one-fourth of the total wage-earning group among women, and 

Whereas, There are no available data of the hours, wages and remunera- 
tion and conditions of work of this group, and 

Whereas, Such data are urgently needed for the intelligent discussion of 
the problems of labor and family life; be it 

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association assembled at 
its annual meeting requests the Honorable the Secretary of Labor of the 
United States to take the necessary measures for the collection at the earUest 
possible date of the desired data concerning wage-earning household workers. 

Whereas, The American Home Economics Association realizes that the 
rapid growth and development of home economics in this country is largely 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 9 

due to contributions to its subject-matter and to the never failing support of 
its work by the United States Department of Agriculture, and 

Whereas, Its immediate and further development demands that this serv- 
ice be largely increased ; be it 

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association assembled at 
its annual meeting urges the Honorable the Secretary of Agriculture to fur- 
ther by every possible means the rapid development of the work of the office 
of Home Economics of the States Relations Service. 

Whereas, The American Home Economics Association representing the 
large group of home economics workers, homemakers, teachers of home eco- 
nomics in schools and colleges, speciaUsts and research workers in all divisions 
of home economics are convinced of the necessity for federal aid to vocational 
education; and 

Whereas, Its members regard any plan for national preparedness omitting 
the training of the people for vocational efficiency as entirely inadequate for 
national progress and security; be it 

Resolved, That this association assembled at its annual meeting strongly 
urges upon Congress the passage in the present session of the bill known as 
the Smith-Hughes Bill. 

Whereas, There are many problems of Home Economics relating to food» 
clothing, shelter, management, and child hfe, for whose solution scientific 
investigation and research are necessary on a scale larger than is possible 
with the resources at present available; be it 

Resolved, That the American Home Economics Association assembled at 
its annual meeting urges the passage at this session of Congress of the Senate 
bill, known as the Smoot Bill, providing federal aid to research in Home 
Economics in every state of the Union. 

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY 

Meetings: During the year meetings have been held in Oakland, 
California, in connection with the N. E. A. August 26 to 28, 1915, 
shortly after the Annual Meeting at Seattle (August 18 to 21), and in 
Detroit, February 25, 1916, in connection with the Department of 
Superintendence of the N. E. A. The plan for holding a regular meet- 
ing in connection with the Department of Superintendence was sug- 
gested by some members of the Association at the meeting of the de- 
partment in Cincinnati. The meeting in Detroit was so successful, 
with an attendance of more than 300, that this has been adopted as a 
regular proceeding of the Association. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Council meetings have been held in New York, October 23, 1915, 
and in Detroit, February 25, 1916. 

Delegates have been sent to meetings of the following associations. 

Second Pan American Scientific Congress, Washington, December 27, 
1915, to January 8, 1916, C. F. Langworthy, delegate. 

National Conference on Immigration and Americanization, Phila- 
delphia, January 19 and 20, 1916, Emma Smedley, delegate. 

The National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, 
Minneapolis, January 20 to 22, 1916, Isabel E. Lord, delegate. 

General Federation of Women's Clubs, New York City, May 23 to 
June 1, 1916, Bertha Terrill, delegate. 

In addition, a large number of members of the A. H. E. A., including 
the secretary, attended the meeting of the American Chemical Society, 
at Urbana, April 18 to 20, 1916. 

Membership: The membership of the Association has decreased during 
the year. On June 30, 1915, there were 950 members, and on June 30, 
1916 — 820. Seventy-six of these have joined during this meeting. 

If the Association is successfully to fulfil its mission and accompUsh 
all it should it must first of all have an increased membership. One 
way to accomplish this is for the head of the department in each of the 
colleges, universities, and schools to do what some are already doing: 
urge upon their teachers and students the need of joining the Associa- 
tion. Aside from the opportunity to contribute to the home economics 
movement that this affords it should be done if only from a professional 
standpoint. More and more the directory of the association is coming 
to be used as a professional "Who's Who." To be on the list classes 
one with those who are active in the movement. 

The Future of the Association: The Association needs a paid secretary 
on full time to visit various schools, to keep in touch with other associa- 
tions, and to promote in every way the interests not only of the Asso- 
ciation, but of Home Economics in general. It can employ such a 
secretary if the membership is increased. 

If the Association is to attract its full quota of new members it must, 
in the opinion of the Secretary, formulate more definitely the object for 
which it is working, and offer, in addition to its general purpose, some 
carefully thought out plans for practical work. 

Many such opportunities lie at hand. The investigation of housing 
and food conditions in our public institutions, and the developing of 
practical methods for much needed change; the improvement of food in 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING U 

college halls; the standardization of schools, and of teaching, in home 
economics — these are some of the things that might be attempted. 
The reports of Council and Association meetings are full of similar 
suggestions, made but never carried out. We are cooperating with 
many associations for many purposes. We are not taking the initiative. 
Shall we not sometimes lead, rather than follow? 
Respectfully submitted, 

Alice P. Norton, 

Secretary. 

treasurer's report 

I have the honor to submit my report as treasurer for the year ending 
June 20, 1916, as follows: 

The figures are divided into three groups, the first of which may be 
called the operating statement; the second, the balance sheet; the 
third, the fund statement. The operating statement is in summary 
form, because it is hardly of interest to the Association as a whole, 
though it is of interest to the officers who are handling the details, to 
know the detailed sources of receipts and kinds of expenditure. 

In the following statement, you will observe the increase or decrease 
as compared with the preceding year, so that we may see in what re- 
spects we are more, and in what respects we are less, fortunately situ- 
ated than a year ago. The decline in the receipts from memberships 
is possibly explained by the fact that last year the annual meeting was 
held at a point so remote from ofiice headquarters that it was difficult 
to provide clerical means of receiving and recording new memberships. 
The increase in expenses arose from putting the work of the Association 
on a more business-like basis than has been possible heretofore — e.g., 
paying the expenses of officers, as a matter of principle, rather than 
tacitly allowing them to pay Association expenses out of their own 
pockets. The net result for the Association, exclusive of the Journal 
as is indicated, is a deficit for the year of $263.50. Turning to the 
Journal, we find a more satisfactory financial condition. A very 
gratifying increase in both sales and advertising has been realized 
during the year, the latter being due in large part to an arrangement 
by which an advertising agency takes charge of securing advertising 
contracts. A decline in the amount received from subscriptions is due 
in part to a change in the termination of the subscriptions, so that 
renewals may now be expected later, and in part to a new arrangement 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

for students, by which a reduced price is charged temporarily. The 
Council is considering methods of adjusting the arrangement for students 
so that increased numbers of subscribers shall be more fully reflected in 
increased receipts. Increase in the expenses of the Journal has been 
inevitable, for we now have a paid editor, as well as a more highly paid 
office staff, following a regime in which the editorial work was done gratis. 
This does not indicate a decreased business success, but only the cessation 
of a very happy arrangement by which the editorial work was done by 
one who was able to give time to the work without compensation. The 
net result for the year, with regard to the Journal, was an operating 
surplus of $536.38. The Journal, therefore, more than made up the 
deficit in the other activities of the Association, and the net result was 
a surplus for the year of $272.88. Since the surplus a year ago was 
$2244.44, the present surplus is $2517.32. 

Operating statement — Summary 

Association, exclusive of Journal 

Income Decrease Increase 

Dues $1,068.00 $276.00 

Sundry gains 21 .30 $1,089.30 

Expenses 1,352.80 $282.00 

Deficit for the year $263.50 

Journal 

Income 

Subscriptions $5,164.16 312.00* 

Sales 328.49 63.00 

Advertising 2,091.23 7,583.88 1,635.00 

Expenses 7,047.50 1,871.00 

Surplus for the year 536 . 38 

Final surplus for the year $272 . 88 1,043 . 00 

Surplus a year ago 2,244.44 

Present surplus $2,517 . 32 

* A change has been made in the termination of the subscriptions. 

The second statement, the balance sheet, shows to a large degree 
in what form that surplus is carried today. The cash on hand, the bills 
receivable on account of advertising, and the equipment now on hand, 
constitute our assets. Some of the cash, however, belongs to trust 
funds held by your treasurer, as indicated on that balance sheet, and 
some is reserved to pay bills recently received. The Richards Memorial 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 13 

Fund, for example, as indicated, has to its credit $4315.87, and there 
is in the hands of the Richards Memorial Fund Trustees $4070.56. 
The difference between these two figures represents the cash in the 
hands of the treasurer available for the cost of publications on behalf 
of the Fund, and for other uses of the Trustees. Other portions of the 
cash are retained for the purposes of the Housekeepers' Department, the 
Executive Secretaryship Fund, and the Institution Economics Section. 
Our present surplus, then, consists of about $100 worth of equipment, 
$650 worth of accounts receivable, and $1762.46 in cash. 

Balance Sheet 

Cash— Cambridge Trust Co $1,841 . 95 Richards Memorial Fund $4,315 . 87 

Harford Savings Dept 532. 11 Institution Section 66.00 

Petty Cash Funds 250 . 00 Housekeepers' Dept. Fund 297 . 50 

Advertising accounts receivable. . . 650.00 Executive Secretarj^hip Fund. . . 106.04 

Equipment 104.86 Unpaid bills 146.75 

Richards Memorial Fund Trustees 4,070.56 Surplus 2,517.32 



$7,449.48 $7,449.48 

The third statement shows the details of the trust funds so far as 
they are in the treasurer's hands, and needs no explanation. 

Trust Funds 

Decrease Increase 

Housekeepers' Department Fund of balance of balance 

Receipts $45 .00 

Disbursements 52.25 $7.25 



Executive Secretaryship Fund 

Receipts $47.90 

Disbursements 100.00 52. 10 



Richards Memorial Fund 

Receipts $343 .65 

Disbursements 176.24 $167.41 



Institution Section 

Receipts $199. 50 

Appropriation 50 . 00 



$249.50 
Disbursements (including petty cash) 302 .00 52 . 50 



$111.85 $167.41 

Respectfully submitted, 

William Morse Cole, 

Treasurer. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

THE JOURNAL OF HOME ECONOMICS 

In introducing this report for the Journal, I want, first of all, to pay 
a tribute to Mrs. Abel, as well as to the other members of the Editorial 
Board who for many years have given their services to its development, 
and have contributed signally to its success. 

In going back over the records of the Journal I have been amazed. 
I thought I knew something of the time that Mrs. Abel, Dr. Langworthy 
and others gave to bring the Journal up to the point it had reached; 
but I knew absolutely nothing about it until I undertook the work 
myself; then I began to appreciate what they have freely offered. We 
have not begun to thank them for all they have done for the Journal. 

I have been experimenting with the Journal. I shall never be satisfied 
until we are able to reach a great many more people than we do now. 
I know the best way to bring more subscribers is to make a better 
Journal, and I assure you, if I continue the work, I shall put into it every 
bit of strength and thought and experience that I have, in order to make 
it successful. 

The Journal belongs to the Association and it needs help from all 
of you. We need to work for subscribers. We should double our sub- 
scription this year. There are now 3555 subscribers, ^ a gain during the 
year of about 200; of these approximately a thousand are students. 
The student subscriptions are well worth while, though at present they 
add to the expense of the Journal. With ten numbers a year the student 
subscriptions just paid their cost; with twelve numbers they are an 
actual loss. One-fifth to one-sixth of these student subscribers renew at 
full rates. To fully justify the experiment there should be a much 
larger proportion of renewals. If the heads of departments conscien- 
tiously believe that the Journal will be helpful to their students, can 
they not urge students to continue their subscriptions after graduation? 

We also need special effort to put the Journal before home economics 
clubs and home economics departments of women's clubs. The two 
dollar subscription sounds like a good deal to many women, but if 
the magazine is sufficiently helpful they will take it. 

Another way to help the Journal is by sending news items and good 
short articles. We want real news, with definite, interesting, helpful 
statements. We especially need articles that are not only scientific but 
interesting, with the elements of appeal to all intelligent women — 

* The total, November 15, is 3800. 



jgjgl THE ANNUAL MEETING 1* 

articles that translate scientific facts into everyday language. We 
want articles that point out the practical applications of theory We 
need much more discussion of the esthetic side of the home and of ts 
economic problems, and we need practical help for the high and ele- 

mentarv school teacher. , ^ ^ i. i 

We want comment on articles that are published. Comment helps 
to make the Journal aUve, and of more value to everyone. Construc- 
tive criticism as well as approval will be welcomed. 

Let us then have your cooperation because it is your Journal. 
Please subscribe. Please ask others to subscribe. Please contribute. 

Please criticise— and so help. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Alice P. Norton, 

Editor. 

REPORT OF SECRETARY OF RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND TRUSTEES 

The Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund in the hands of the Trustees 
now amounts to $4070.56, an increase of $848.68 in the last twelve 
months. In the eighteen months from January 1, 1915, to date, there 
has been an increase of $1196.51, of which $973.28 has come rom 
lubscriDtions and $223.23 has come from interest. The interest 
:lroT:h;rund next year will be approximately $200. In ad ition 
to Funds held by the Trustees, the Association has a balance of $245 Jl 
arising from sales of publications belonging to the Fund. Thus there 
is a total of $4315.87 in the Memorial Fund at present 

The Fund is in charge of a Board of Trustees elected by the Council 
of the Association; and Mr. Frederick Pratt of Pratt Institute is Chair- 
man of the Board. To this Board has been referred by the Council 
the question of the use of income. Two opinions have been advanced: 
he first, that the interest should be added to the Fund, for the present 
until th^ Fund is at least $10,000; the second, that the interest should 
be wisely used at once with the double purpose of the good to be ac- 
complished and the effect upon securing more money for th'' F""d by 
showing the income at work. The Trustees would be glad to have 
the views of the Association upon this matter. 

Cordial thanks are expressed to those who have contributed during 
this past year to the increase of the Fund. The list of contributors 
is as follows: Psi Upsilon Omicron of University of Missouri; Wash- 
ington, D. C, Home Economics Association; Home Economics Depart- 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

ment of Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio; Home Economics Club 
of Santa Barbara, California, Normal School; Students of Newcomb 
College, Tulane University; Robert H. Richards, Boston; Students of 
New Hampshire State College; Students of National Park Seminary, 
Forest Glen, Md.; Home Economics Club, Ohio State University; 
Home Economics Club, Indiana University; Emma S. Jacobs, Wash- 
ington, D. C; Household Science Club, University of Illinois; Students 
of Tempe, Arizona, State Normal School; Students of Mills College, 
Caliform'a; Theta Chapter, Omicron Nu, Kansas State College; Con- 
tributions from Utah Schools, through Mrs. Leah D. Widtsoe, Logan, 
Utah; Young Women's Auxiliary of Fine Arts Club of Fargo, N. D.; 
Home Economics Club, University of Kentucky. 

The observance of Richards Day, or Home Economics Day, on 
December 3, Mrs. Richards' birthday, increases each year. The 
Richards Day Committee, through Dr. Langworthy and Miss Atwater, 
made a notable contribution in writing a new pageant, "America's 
Gifts to the Old World," especially for presentation for the benefit 
of the Richards Memorial Fund. During the convention at Cornell, 
members of the Cornell department gave a play, "Omelet and Oatmelia," 
for the benefit of the Fund, which other schools will find it interesting 
to use. "Prince Caloric" and other material are also available for such 
purposes. Let every school and college next year have some observ- 
ance of Richards Day, and, if circumstances permit, make it a means of 
raising a contribution. 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Secretary-Treasurer of Trustees of Richards Memorial Fund. 

REPORT OF THE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING COMMITTEE 

The Textile and Clothing Round Table of the Home Economics 
Association met at the University of Washington in Seattle on the 
afternoon of Friday, August 20, Miss Nellie Crooks, chairman, presid- 
ing. The three papers prepared for the section were: "The Aim of 
Textile Teaching" by Miss Nellie Crooks of Milwaukee-Downer Col- 
lege, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; "Teaching Textiles in the High School" 
by Miss Ina K. Pitner of Polytechnic High School, Los Angeles, CaU- 
fornia; "Teaching Textiles in the Grades" by Miss Steiger, Super- 
visor of Sewing in the pubHc schools in Rochester, New York. These 
papers are discussed in the minutes of the regular meeting. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 17 

The questions discussed at the Round Table were: 

1. Grade work in sewing and textiles. How can the work be made 
of more value to the girls who leave school at the end of the sixth grade? 
How can the girls who complete the elementary school, but do not go 
on to high school, be helped so they may be better consumers? 

2. What are the essentials in the teaching of textile and clothing in 
high school? 

3. Textile research work in colleges and its application to school work. 
Miss Crooks opened the discussion of the content of grade work in 

textiles and sewing, by calling attention to the textile charts prepared 
by the children in the grades in Rochester, New York, under the direc- 
tion of Miss Steiger. In the charts, which are made on the backs of 
tablets used in the school, simple experiments such as the shrinking 
tests for cotton and fading tests for ginghams and calicoes were shown. 
There were also charts showing the growth of cotton by pictures and 
samples. Appropriate dresses for children with samples of material, 
prices, and amount of trimming needed were given. In the discussion 
which followed. Miss Post, supervisor of sewing in Tacoma, and Mrs. 
Dabney, supervisor of sewing in Seattle, spoke of contests in sewing 
as a means of stimulating interest in the work in the grades. Miss 
Henke, of Saint Louis, gave an account of the experimental course which 
was being tried in Saint Louis, the object being to discover the prob- 
lems in sewing best suited to children of different ages and the amount 
of time needed for these problems. 

The discussion of the work in textiles and sewing in high schools was 
opened by Miss Pitner of Los Angeles on the need of standards in teach- 
ing. Miss Grace Denney called attention to the poor workmanship 
of so much of the work in sewing done in high school, especially as to 
finish. Miss Heyle of Kansas City and Miss Cottreli of Seattle dis- 
cussed high school sewing and textiles in relation to the general work of 
the high school. Textile research work and its application to the high 
school was illustrated by Miss Denny of the University of Washington. 
Miss Titsworth of Cornell University spoke on the necessity of art as a 
foundation for all problems of domestic art work. It was the sense of 
the meeting that more thought and time should be given to the plarming 
and standardizing of courses in textiles and sewing in elementary and 
high schools. 

The members of the committee are: Miss Crooks, Chairman; Mrs. 
Baker, Miss Agnes Craig, Mrs. Blair, Miss Pitner, Miss Steiger. 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The Committee is trying to complete a bibliography of textiles which 
will be published in the Journal. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Nellie Crooks, 
Chairman of Textile Committee. 

report of the committee on LEGISLATION 

A report of the work of the Legislative Committee of the American 
Home Economics Association was sent to the present chairman by Miss 
Helen Kinne, the former chairman, and the content is embodied in 
this report. 

In October, 1915, directions for work were received from the Council 
which had met at Seattle, and the new members who were selected by it 
were duly invited to become a part of the Legislative Committee. The 
Committee now consists of the following members: Mrs. MaryHinman 
Abel of the Editorial Board of the Journal; Dr. B. R. Andrews, 
Teachers College; Mrs. Anna GarHn Spencer, State Woman Suffrage 
Association; Dean B. T. Galloway, Cornell University; Abby L. Mar- 
latt, University of Wisconsin; Mrs. A. P. Norton, Editor Journal of 
Home Economics, and Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman, SpeciaHst in Vo- 
cational Education, Boston. 

The legislative measures in which the Committee have been interested 
this year have been the Keating-Owen Bill, S. 1983 (Child Labor); 
the Smith Hughes Bill, S. 703 and H. R. 11253 (Federal Aid for Indus- 
trial Education), and the Smoot Bill, S. 5273 (Appropriations for Re- 
search in Home Economics). 

The attention of the Committee has been given mainly to the Smith- 
Hughes Bill. Many questions were brought up concerning the intent 
of some of the recommendations and the terminology in use. A meet- 
ing was called in New York by the Women's Committee of the National 
Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education to discuss provisions 
of the bill which were not well understood. Members of the American 
Home Economics Association were present, including Miss Kinne, the 
Chairman of the Legislative Committee. Following this meeting a 
letter was sent to all members of the Committee asking for their help 
in settling definitions and terminology. Miss Kinne later sent a paper 
to the Journal in which she carefully considered several points of the 
discussion. This appeared in the April number under the caption 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 19 

"Terminology and the Smith-Hughes Bill." A further statement 
from Miss Kinne, which should be read in connection with this is in 
the June number of the same magazine. 

A special session of the Annual Meeting of the National Society for 
the Promotion of Industrial Education in Minneapolis was devoted to 
a discussion of the same bill, and a number of members of the Legislative 
Committee were present at this meeting. As a result, through Mrs. 
Norton, the members of the Council and the Committee were asked 
to write personal letters to their representatives and senators urging 
the passage at an early date. Mr. Alvin E. Dodd, Secretary of the 
National Society, kindly sent a number of news letters, descriptive of 
the bill to the members of the Council and the Committee. 

At the request of Miss Kinne a paper on the Smith-Hughes Bill was 
written for the May Journal by Mrs. Woolman, who, as a member of a 
committee of the National Society on the bill, is in close contact with 
matters concerning it. 

The American Home Economics Association, assembled in Detroit 
in February, at the meeting of the Department of Superintendence 
of the N. E. A., reaffirmed its approval of this measure and urged care 
in the appointment of the Federal Board for its control. 

The Association has taken action also in regard to the other two bills, 
in which the Committee have been interested. The February number 
of the Journal has an account of the Smoot Bill and the March number 
tells of the Keating-Owen Bill and gives the names of members of the 
Interstate Committee in whose hands it now is. 

Arrangements have been made whereby members of the Council 
and the Committee will receive circular letters on legislation from the 
Bureau of Education at Washington. 

The present status of the three bills is as follows: 

Smith-Hughes Bill for Federal Aid for Industrial Education. All 
political parties are favorable and the President of the United States 
has urged its passage.^ The importance of tlie material before the 
Senate and House at the present time may delay its passage until fall. 
This will be unfortunate, as all are favorable now and waiting may mean 
loss which would be tragedy for the milHons of workers of the country. 
The passage may be said to rest now with leaders in Congress and with 

^ This biU passed the Senate in August, 1916, and, slightly modified, passed the House, 
Jan. 9, 1917. 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

the President. Societies of weight, such as The National Chamber of 
Commerce and the American Federation of Labor, are urging the passage 
as an essential part of the preparedness program. Letters of significant 
people urging the passage at the earhest moment possible would be of 
value. 

The Keating-Owen Bill for Prohibiting Shipment in Interstate Com- 
merce of the Products of Child Labor. This bill passed the House in 
February and is now before the Senate.* Mr. Lovejoy writes, "We 
do not know when it will be brought up for vote and although it has 
been put on the program of bills to be passed at this session the amount 
of business before Congress may prevent action until December. Any 
help you and your club members can give in making Senators feel that 
this is an important measure and one which has the backing of their 
constituents, will be of great value." 

The Smoot Bill to provide for an increased annual appropriation for 
Agricultural Experiments to be used in research and experiments in Home 
Economics. The plan for giving the money conforms to that of the 
Smith-Lever Bill. Mr. Smoot feels that the appropriations provided 
for in his bill are needed for making the demonstrators in the Smith- 
Lever Bill more able to do significant work. A letter which was written 
by Mr. Smoot showed his desire to bring up his bill at the same time 
that the Smith-Hughes will come up, as both contain provisions for 
research in home economics. 

The members of the American Home Economics Association are urged 
to interest in all of these measures, for their passage will be of great 
value in bettering home and labor conditions in America. This will 
be attained only if work is done for them by those connected with social 
and educational matters. 

It was with great regret that the resignation of the former chairman, 
Miss Helen Kinne, was received. She will be absent this next year 
on her sabbatical leave from Columbia University and therefore unable 
to continue her duties as chairman. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Mary Schenck Woolman, 
Chairman. 

^ This bill passed the Senate August 8, 1916, and was signed by the President September 
1, 1916. 



1916] THE AKNUAL MEETESTG 21 

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON BIBLIOGRAPHY 

It was the purpose of this Committee to prepare a selected, annotated 
list in home economics of books and other reading matter that would 
be helpful to the homemaker. At the request of this committee a 
cooperating one was appointed by the American Library Association. 

The one difficulty has been lack of time on the part of any member of 
either committee. It seems almost essential that someone should for a 
little give full time to the work. The New York Committee on Home 
Economics of the National Special Aid Society has become interested 
in the Ust, and its chairman, Mrs. Alfred Meyer, offers $25 for their 
Committee toward the expense of compiHng. If the American Home 
Economics Association Council will appropriate $25 more, the work 
can be put through in the fall.^ 

It is the hope of your Committee that the American Library Associ- 
ation will pubHsh the list, furnishing at cost to our Association and also 
the National Special Aid Society as many copies as these bodies wish. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Isabel Ely Lord, 

Chairman. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON NOMENCLATURE 

The Committee on Nomenclature has added to its number during 
the past year, Mrs. Alice P. Norton and Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin. 
While there has been no meeting of the full committee, conferences of 
different members have been held in Detroit, Washington, Chicago, and 
New York. This Committee has tried to cooperate with the Committee 
upon Vocational Education of the National Education Association, and 
Miss Kinne of the Legislative Committee has been in close touch with 
the legislative side of the work. Other conferences are to be held in 
New York in connection with the National Education Association. 

The Committee simply reports progress and asks for suggestions. 

Isabel Bevier, 

Chairman. 



^ This amount was appropriated and the library has since been established. (See Journal 
of Home Economics, December, 1916, pp. 667 and 676.) 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON HOME ECONOMICS 

The International Committee was appointed in response to a re- 
quest from a meeting of home economics teachers, held in New York 
in May, 1915, that the Association provide an agency to encourage the 
introduction of home economics into schools and colleges in foreign 
countries, especially into missionary schools and colleges, and an agency 
for developing interest among American teachers in the world wide 
progress of home economics as an international factor. The request 
from the New York meeting called particular attention to the Canton 
Christian College of China which desires to develop home economics 
teaching in its women's department and would appreciate cooperation 
from American teachers. The International Committee reports prog- 
ress as follows: 

The Canton Christian College of China which is regarded as doing 
some of the soundest educational work in China is interested in the 
organization of a Home Economics department. This college has on 
its staff Miss Liu, a graduate of Vassar and of Columbia, who has or- 
ganized its first girls' high school class of a dozen girls, graduates of the 
college elementary school, who will become its first college class. Miss 
Liu's work is supported by Vassar students and alumnae. As the 
women's work develops it is intended to add an American young woman 
teacher of home economics — and the support of such a teacher might 
well be made a matter of special contribution by members of our Asso- 
ciation who would be interested in such an enterprise. At the Canton 
College there has been held for several years a summer school of House- 
hold Economics which has been taught by American women, teachers 
and the wives of faculty members of the college. 

The International Committee hopes to have a visit made to the Can- 
ton institution by a member of the home economics faculty of one of 
our American colleges on leave of absence, within a year or two, to aid 
in establishing home economics teaching there. The committee has 
received offers of such temporary service, at Canton or elsewhere, from 
three American college teachers when conditions permit them to have 
leaves of absence. Others it is hoped may volunteer such services. 

The Educational Secretary of one of the leading missionary societies 
has assured your committee of great possibilities in the service given by 
leading American teachers willing to contribute a few months service 
to the development of these centers of education in countries to which 
modern civilization is passing. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 23 

Another possibility worthy of serious consideration is the temporary 
exchange of teaching positions by American and European teachers of 
Home Economics when the war shall have finished. The exchange of 
college professorships and secondary teachers was under way between 
America and several countries before the war. Home economics 
teachers had not participated in the plan. There is every reason why 
they should. The home as a central social institution varies somewhat 
in its position in different countries but in all it is fundamental. A 
better understanding of each other's homes and household economy 
would be one factor in a better international understanding; and as the 
home is a determining factor in the standard of living, we should be 
doing our share toward the leveling up of standards of living in all 
countries. The American kerosene lamp has penetrated all over the 
world; other household conveniences to lighten labor, and improve liv- 
ing, and all knowledge that will safeguard household health, and all 
practices that advance household v/ealth, need to be as generously 
shared with other countries. Those countries will also in many cases 
have suggestions for American housekeeping. It is such a transfer of 
culture from one country to another in all domains of human activity 
that will ultimately bring about that common life and mind which is 
essential to a world unity. 

As an immediate step toward international exchange of home ideas 
the committee proposes a plan for securing the services of Miss Alice 
Ravenhill, formerly of Kings College, London, and leader in the English 
home economics movement, as a visiting international lecturer on 
home economics during 1916-17. We propose to ask Miss Ravenhill 
to give us three or four months of time during which she will visit dif- 
ferent colleges, and universities who desire to cooperate in the lectures, 
devoting one week to each institution. Several institutions have in ad- 
vance already asked that a week be reserved for them if Miss Raven- 
hill's services can be secured. 

Your committee has proposed to make an inquiry as to home eco- 
nomics instruction in Pan American States, and has sent out the first 
letters in this inquiry. It suggests that, as rapidly as possible, such 
communication be opened with various countries to the end that Amer- 
ican teachers of home economics may know of striking items of prog- 
ress in other countries, and that we may communicate to them similar 
intelligence regarding the American movement in education for the 
home. We have just asked Dean Curtiss of Iowa State College, who 



24 BULLETLNT AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

is to spend the summer in South America, to act as a representative of 
the committee in presenting its greetings at the First Pan-American 
Child's Congress, meeting in Buenos Ayres, in July, and to collect such 
facts as he can conveniently as to home economics teaching in South 
America. 

We recommend that where possible our Association be represented 
by delegates at foreign congresses which treat of home economics 
topics and that the sending of American papers to their programs be 
encouraged; and that members of the Association who plan to travel 
abroad, or would be interested in serving as exchange teachers in Orien- 
tal or European countries, communicate with the committee. 

In concluding this report of progress, the committee requests that 
it be continued and, in case this be done, that any members of the Asso- 
ciation especially interested in the international field communicate with 
the committee. 

Committee: Catharine MacKay, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa; 
Benjamin R. Andrews, Chairman, Teachers College, Columbia Uni- 
versity, New York. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 

Chairman. 

The committee was continued by the Council, and Mrs. Mary Schenck 
Woolman and Miss Helen Atwater were added to its membership. 

COUNCIL MEETING, WASHINGTON, D. C. 
November 16 and 17, 1916 

Present, November 16: Miss Catharine J. MacKay, presiding; Misses 
Marlatt, Van Rensselaer, Rose, Bevier, Berry, Sweeney, Mulligan, 
Harris, White, Loomis, Dr. Langworthy, Mrs. Calvin, and Mrs. Norton. 

Representative Councilors: Misses Jacobs, Baer, and Vinton. 

Visitors: Miss Stanley, University of Missouri, Mrs. Thompson, 
President Housekeepers' Alliance, Wash. 

Present, November 17: Miss Catharine J. MacKay, presiding; Misses 
Berry, Sweeney, Jacobs, MulHgan, Harris, Bevier, White, Dr. Lang- 
worthy, Mrs. Calvin, and Mrs. Norton. 

The following business was transacted. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 25 

The Council appointed the Executive Committee, the Finance Com- 
mittee, and the Journal Board. ^ 

Pen and Press Committee: In response to a letter from Anna Barrows 
as to the standing of the ''Committee on Journalism," a standing com- 
mittee was formed under the name of "Pen and Press." 

The Textile Group who had appHed for recognition as a section was 
made a standing committee of the Association. 

Household Service: At Dr. Andrews' request a committee was formed 
on the Federal Investigation of Household Service. Members: Mrs. 
Abel, Emma Gunther, Henrietta Roelofs, and Mrs. Eva Hansl. 

Committee to prepare a biography of Mrs. Edna Day Hyde: Mrs. Norton, 
Chairman; Miss Harsell, Secretary. Miss Harsell has already collected 
material under Dr. Andrews' direction. ^10 appropriated for expenses. 

Clean Hand Card: Project presented for Dr. Andrews by Dr. Lang- 
worthy approved. Committee appointed by President to devise ways 
and means to carry out plans. Members: Dr. Andrews, Dr. Lang- 
worthy, Minna C. Denton, Dr. Donald Armstrong, and Mrs. R. E. 
Buchanan. ^25 appropriated for expenses. 

Relation of Journal of Board to Association: Committee, Mrs. Norton, 
Mrs. Abel, Dr. Andrews. 

Meetings: The Secretary reported the result of the questionnaire on 
the annual meeting as follows: 

Place preferred: 

University of IMinnesota 108 

Peabody College 41 

Ohio State College 62 

University of Cincinnati 20 

Time preferred: 

June 131 16 early 

11 middle 
114 late 

August 112 23 early 

10 middle 
89 late 
June impossible for 62, August for 34, both for 7. 
Can attend frequently in June, 82, in August 67, in either 45. 

Place and Time of Annual Meeting: Voted to accept the invitation of 
the University of Minnesota and hold the annual meeting on such dates 
immediately after the close of the Summer School as may be arranged 
with Miss Berry and the Executive Committee. 

* For a list of the members of these committees, see page 8. 



26 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The date was fixed for August 22 to 28. 

Kansas City Meeting: Miss Stanley presented a tentative program for 
the meeting in connection with the Department of Superintendence of 
the N. E. A. (Kansas City, Feb. 26, to Mar. 3). Program Committee: 
Mrs. Van Zile, Chairman; Misses Heyle, Sprague, and Stanley. The 
meeting will probably be held on Friday, March 2. 

Southern Association: Miss Harris asked for cooperation with the 
Home Economics Teachers of the South at the meeting to be held in 
connection with the Southern Educational Conference in April, 1917. 
Voted to send Miss MacKay to represent the Association at that 
meeting. 

Council Meetings: Voted that the Council hold three regular meetings 
a year : one in connection with the annual meeting, one with the Ameri- 
can Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations (to 
be held in 1917 in Springfield, Mass.), and one in connection with the 
Department of Superintendence of the N. E. A. 

Council Membership: The resignation of Mrs. Ednah Rich Morse 
from the Council was accepted with a resolution of regret. Dr. B. R. 
Andrews was elected to fill the vacancy. 

Voted that the Institution Section be represented on the Council both 
by Mrs. Dewey, as Honorary Chairman, and by the present Chairman, 
Miss Gunther. 

The Budget: The Treasurer's report was read by the Secretary, and 
accepted. Voted that the Journal Board formulate the Journal Budget 
for the coming year, based on that of 1916, with such modifications as 
seem necessary or desirable, and that this be subject to the approval of 
the Finance and the Executive Committees. 

That the budget of the Association be that of 1915-1916 with the 
addition of appropriations already made by the Council. 

Association Membership: Voted that a systematic campaign be under- 
taken by the Secretary for new members, the expense incurred to be 
not greater than ^75. Moved that the publishing of the directory be 
deferred for a short time in order to include such memberships as may 
be secured. 

Bibliography: The bibliography committee called attention to the 
new Home Economics Library in New York, in connection with the 
National Special Aid Association, and to the Information Bureau in 
connection with this. A request was made for copies of the Journal, 
Vol. Ill, Nos. 2 and 3 to complete the files. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 27 

It was voted that the bibliography of Mrs. Richards be turned back 
to the bibliography committee for completion before publishing. 

International Committee: Voted that the Council approve the action 
of the International Committee on Home Economics Teaching in secur- 
ing Miss Ravenhill as a lecturer, and that of the appointment of Dean 
Curtiss as their representative in South America. 

Richards Memorial: Voted to adopt Dr. Andrews' plan for sending 
out a circular letter for contributions to the Richards Memorial Fund, 
and if necessary that funds be advanced, either by the Association or 
by the Fund already in possession of the committee, to defray the ex- 
penses, with the understanding that this advanced money be repaid 
from the contributions received. 

Other Business: The question of printing the names of allied societies 
was referred to the Journal Board. 

Suggestions in regard to changes in the constitution were referred to 
the committee on the revision of the constitution. 

The Council adjourned. 

Alice P. Norton, 

Secretary. 



Part II of the Proceedings will contain the papers read at the 
annual meeting in Ithaca, with the exception of those published in 
the Journal. 






SERIES 4 DECEMBEk, 1916 NUMBER 

BULLETIN 

American Home Economics 
Association 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH 
ANNUAL MEETING, PART II 



ITHACA, N. Y., 1916 



PUBLISHED FIVE TIMES A YEAR 

BY THE 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

1211 CATHEDR.VL STREET 
BALTIMORE, MD. 



CONTENTS 

INSTITUTION SECTION 

Service at a Dormitory Table Elizabeth Qoodrich 29 

Problems Connected with Stltdents' Food 32 

Conference on Cafeteria Management 34 

Conference on Laundry Management 35 

Sanitary Surveys of Institutions C.-E. A. Winslow 36 

Studies of Labor Problems in Household Employment Henrietta Roelofs 46 

GENERAL SESSION 

The Teaching of Sewing Celestine Schnit 57 

Standardization of Women's Clothing Ethel Ronzone 61 

Home Economics Equipment Adelaide L. Van Dtizer 65 

COMMITTEE OF 50 FOR JOURNALISM 

Training the Pen to Keep Step with the Laboratory Alice P. Norton 68 

The Editor's Blue Pencil Anna Barrows, J. C Williams, and H. L. Johnson 70 

Our Writing Laboratory — The Papers Harry R. O'Brien 74 

Why the Business World Needs Experts Who Can Write Grace R. Wilmot 76 

How Uncle Sam Writes C. F. Langivorthy 78 

Charting Your Way George E. Farrell 79 

Balancing Menus for Print Lenna F. Cooper 80 

Filling the Gap — How to Cover the Distance Between the Domestic Science Expert 

AND THE Editor 83 

Planning My Magazine Leonarda Goss 86 

Helping Farm Home Makers to Study Their Business Harriet Mason 88 

Printing in Response to Requests Elizabeth McCracken 89 

The Possibilities of a Woman's Page in the Daily Newspapers . Eva Von Bauer Hansl 90 

Writing for the Family of Low-Cost Standards Florence Nesbit 93 

List of Papers Printed in the Journal 94 



The American Home Economics Association 



Organized Dec. 31, 1908. Incorporated May 12, 1909. 

The American Home Economics Association exists for the purpose of bringing together those interested in the bettering 
of conditions in the home, the school, the public institution, and the community. 

Annual Dues: Active $2.00; Associate $1.00. Only active members receive the quarterly bulletin. 



MARION TALBOT, 
University of Chicago 



Secretary 
MRS. ALICE P. NORTON, 
1326 E. 58th St., Chicago, 111. 



President 

CATHARINE J. MACKAY, 

Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 

Vice-Presidents 



ABBY L. MARLATT, 
University of Wisconsin, Madison 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



FLORA ROSE, 
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 



Treasurer 
WILLIAM MORSE COLE, 
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 



The Executive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, treas- 
urer, the retirini; president, and five additional members of the Council chosen, by the Council, viz: Mrs. Mary H. Abel, 
Isabiel Bevier, Lilla A. Harkins, Henry C. Sherman, Mary E. Sweeny. 



COUNCILORS AT LARGE 



TERMS EXPIRE 1917 
Isabel Bevier, A. C. True, 

University of Illinois, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 

Urbana, 111. Washington, D. C. 

Lilla A. Harkins, Bertha Terrill, 

Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont. University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt 



Agnes Harris, 

Florida State College, 
Tallahassee, Fla. 



Mrs Mary H. Abel, 
Woodlawn, 

Baltimore Md., 

Henry C. Sherman, 

Columbia University, 
New York, N. Y. 

Sarah Louise Arnold, 
Simmons College, 
Boston, Mass. 

Isabel Ely Lord, 
Pratt Institute, 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, 

U. S. Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 
Fannie Twiss, 

Normal School, Regina, 
Saskatchewan, Canada 



TERMS EXPIRE 1918 
Anna Barrows, 

Teachers College, 
New York City. 

C. F. Langworthy, 

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 
Washington, D. C. 



Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New York City 



TERMS EXPIRE 1919 
Josephine T. Berry, 
Universitv Farm, 
St. Paul, Minn. 

Catherine A. Mulligan, 
Converse College, 

Spartanburg, S. C. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1920 
Alice Loomis, 

University of Nebraska, 
Lincoln, Neb. 

Edna N. White, 

University of Ohio, 
Columbus, Ohio. 



Helen Louise Johnson, 
234 Paddock St., 

Watertown, N. Y. 



Mary E. Sweeney, 

University of Kentucky, 
Le.xington, Ky. 



Effie Rattt, 

University of Washington, 
Seattle, Wash. 

Emeline Whitcomb, , 

University of Wyoming, 
Laramie, Wyo. 



Mrs. Charles W. Greene, 
Columbia, Mo. 



TERMS EXPIRE 1921 
Ruth Wardall, 

University of Iowa, 
Iowa City, Iowa 

Mary E. Matthews, 
Purdue University, 
LaFayette, Ind. 
SECTIONAL COUNCILORS 
Institution Economics Section: Mrs. Melvtl Dewey, Lake Placid Club, N. Y.; Emma H. Gunther, Teachers College. 
Science Section: Ruth Wheeler, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. 

Extension Section: Neale S. Knowles, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. 
REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS 
One representative councilor may be chosen by each affiliated society, provided the councilor is a member of the American 
Home Economics Association. The namis of those appointed are printed with the officers of the Affiliated Association. 
TRUSTEES OF THE ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 
board of investment of permanent funds op association 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1918 
Frederick B. Pratt, 
Pratt Institute, 

Brooklyn N. Y. (chairman). 
Marion Talbot, 

University of Chicago, 
Chicago, 111. 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1919 
AvA B. Milam, 

Corvallis, Ore. 
Mrs. John Widtsoe, 

Salt Lake City, Utah 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1920 
Mrs. Annie Dewey, 
Lake Placid Club, 

Lake Placid, N. Y. 
Caroline Hunt, 

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 



Mrs. Mary H. Abel, 
Woodlawn, Md. 



Benm^min R Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New York, 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

Martha Van Rensselaer, 
Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N. Y. 



Robert H. Richards, 

Mass. Inst, of Technology, 
Boston, Mass. 



Harriet A. Boyer, 

H. Sophia Newcomb College, 
New Orleans, La. 



Anna Barrows, 

Teachers College, 
New York City. 



BULLETIN 



OF THE 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published Five Times a Year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as Second-class Matter at the Baltimore Post Office 

Series 4 DECEMBER, 1916 No. 5 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH ANNUAL 
MEETING, ITHACA, N. Y. 

June 28 to July 3, 1916 

PART II 
Institution Section, Wednesday, June 28 

9.30 A.M. 

Chairman: Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean of Simmons College, Boston. 
Secretary: Emma H. Gunther, Teachers College, New York City. 
Miss Gunther presiding. 
The following papers were read: 

SERVICE AT A DORMITORY TABLE 

ELIZABETH GOODRICH 

Simmons College, Boston 

It is important at this time in view of the cost of living and the difl&- 
culties of labor and service that attention be given to the subject of foods 
and to problems related to the dormitory table. 

29 



30 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

The service of food covers a broad field, touching many essential 
points, the service at the table being the final result, the finished pro- 
duct of all the processes that go on between the kitchen and the dining 
room. Satisfactory service depends to a great extent upon the arrange- 
ment of the kitchen and serving room in relation to the dining room, and 
the consequent expenditure of time and energy involved in taking food 
from one point to another. In the planning of new dormitories great 
care should be taken to avoid mistakes in the arrangement of these 
departments. 

It is easier to standardize foods, methods of accounting, and per capita 
costs than to bring about a uniform and satisfactory arrangement of 
service, since conditions vary in different institutions and are often 
difficult to control. 

The time allowed for the meal, the use of student service, the size of 
the dining room, the shape and capacity of the tables, the best unit for 
seating arrangements, and the number that can be served by one person 
expeditiously and with satisfaction, must all be considered. 

Another problem is the control of the amount of food served. Shall 
second servings of meat and vegetables be provided for every table when 
only one-half the dining room may require it? How can food be replen- 
ished wisely? A waitress will become used to the group she serves and 
can be instructed accordingly, but, when the system is followed of chang- 
ing the arrangement of students every two weeks, the tastes and wishes 
of one group are no sooner learned than this group is replaced by another. 
This system of changing the arrangement is followed in a number of 
dormitories and is a desirable one, as it breaks up cliques and enables the 
students to become acquainted, but it does not work out as satisfactorily 
for the director of the dining room. 

The best way to control waste is by careful apportioning of the food, 
but the distribution of it in such a way as to give satisfaction at each table 
is no easy problem. Would training schools for waitresses and monthly 
conferences with heads of tables bring about greater cooperation and in- 
telligence in the matter? 

A very important point in connection with the service of food is the 
refining influence of the dormitory table. Psychology plays as impor- 
tant a part in the service of food as in the right combinations or quality 
of the food served, and more attention should be given to those details, 
which not only please the eye and aid digestion, but which also create 
an atmosphere of good feeling at the outset of the meal. Everyone 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 31 

knows the effect of fresh linen, shining glass and silver, a flower or a 
fern for a bit of color, and the attention of a courteous waiter in a simple 
and tidy uniform. It gives confidence that the standard of cleanliness 
and the quality of the food will be high, and an air of contentment pre- 
vails. On the other hand, if the tired student, with very little relish 
for what is set before her, sits down to a table where these esthetic qual- 
ities have been given secondary consideration she is in a mood to discover 
opportunities for criticism, if any exist, and her dissatisfaction will be- 
come contagious. This side of the service may determine the success 
or failure of the management. 

Often too httle time is allowed for a meal, and the student, forced to 
eat in too much of a hurry, becomes increasingly impatient at slow serv- 
ice, without consideration of the difficulties of serving quickly two hun- 
dred or more. A cranky pantry girl may be the root of all evil or a 
slow cook the despair of the dining room, while it is the waitress who has 
to face the situation. 

Another important problem is the control of noise in the dining room, 
for the din of voices and the clatter of dishes have an irritating effect on 
the students. This has been given consideration in the report of a 
Wellesley College Alumnae Committee on Living Conditions in Colleges. 
The following quotation is taken from the report of this committee which 
is based upon studies made in a number of colleges and clubs. 

^' Quiet in houses. Dining-rooms: The noise of crowded dining rooms, 
the raising of voices, etc., for three meals a day throughout the col- 
lege year, seems to us to have a serious and deleterious effect upon 
manners and nervous strength. We therefore urge: (1) that the actual 
floor space in dining rooms should be large, and the ceiling high in 
proportion to the number of students; (2) that tables should be small, 
seating not more than six, so that general conversation may be held in 
a low tone of voice; (3) that the space between tables may be sufficient 
to prevent conversation from interfering with that at other tables; (4) 
that round tables should be used, to give easy service." (Bulletin No. 
1 , Conference Committee of Wellesley College on College Living Condi- 
tions.) 

If through the same thought and consideration that have been given 
to the subject of foods in general we can secure a more quiet and digni- 
fied atmosphere in the dining room and can teach the students more of 
the courtesies of Hfe attendant on good table service and good manners, 
we are working toward raising the standard and type of person that we 
are sending out into the life of the world. 



32 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH STUDENTS' FOOD 

This subject was discussed by Elizabeth Goodrich, Simmons College, 
Boston, Mass.; Mary Uri Watson, MacDonald Institute, Guelph, 
Canada; Alice Loomis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.; Isabel 
Lord, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.; and E. D. Proudman, Hampton 
Institute, Hampton, Va. 

The essential facts brought out in the discussion follow: 
Miss Watson: The service in our men's dining hall is family service — • 
the bell rings, the men come in all together, everybody is served at 
once, and half an hour later most of the men are gone. One waitress 
serves three tables, each seating eight or ten men. Her work is facili- 
tated by three special pieces of furniture, namely, a food truck, a 
bufiet, and a beverage box. All are finished in the same wood as the 
room and are most attractive. The food truck is on the same prin- 
ciple as those used in hospitals, fitted with rubber-tired swivel wheels, 
insulated walls, aluminum lining without crevices, wire shelves and an 
electric bayonet heater; three doors open horizontally forming shelves. 
The truck may be rolled into the kitchen, loaded up with the soup 
tureens, vegetable dishes, and meat platters, and rolled back to the din- 
ing room before the men arrive. Courses are placed on the table and 
soiled plates quickly returned to the truck. After the men are gone, the 
tables are cleared into the truck, the truck rolled to the dish- washing room, 
the dishes transferred to baskets of the dishwashing machine, the truck 
cleaned and rolled to the other end to receive the clean dishes which 
are then returned to the dining-room for re-setting tables, or stored away. 
The cost of these trucks is between $70 and $80. The buffet is not on 
wheels. It has three shallow drawers at the bottom for the storage 
of silver, and tumblers. The top is insulated, shelved, and heated like 
the truck, and is the plate warmer for the three tables. Cups and 
saucers are set on trays — four to a tray — which are stacked in the buffet. 
Beverages are made in great urns in the kitchen and filled into aluminum 
pails fitted with urn-taps. A pail is placed in the beverage box, which 
stands on top of the buffet. This is simply a wooden box, with a Hd 
and double doors, which hides all of the pail but the tap. The box is not 
insulated, but beverages keep hot in it for several hours. There is no 
rattle of cups and saucers, as the tray is held to the tap for filKng, and 
then carried to the table, and there are no complaints of cold tea or 
coffee. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 33 

While our department can not calculate per capita costs from day 
to day, or even week to week, exceedingly useful stock books are kept. 
Sheets of good quality Knen paper are printed with our own account form. 
Each kind of article (e.g., brown sugar, granulated sugar) has a page to 
itself, on which is recorded the date of purchase, price, total cost, and 
where it was distributed. At the end of the year the different columns 
are totaled. These pages are kept in ordinary spring-back binders 
and are all filed alphabetically under two headings — Food, and General 
Supplies. This perpetual stock book saves many steps, economizes 
office time, and prevents worry in search of information regarding 
quantities. It tells at a glance the quantities on hand; it makes it an 
easy matter to follow the rise or fall of prices; and is especially useful 
in preparing annual statements. The time taken to post the items from 
accounts to the stock book is time well spent. 

Mr. Proudman: There are two sides to the boarding department 
problem — the economic or accounting side, and that of the dietitian 
who is responsible for the food served. The accountant naturally 
brings pressure to bear to reduce costs, while the dietitian wants the 
students well fed and satisfied. At Hampton Institute, the aim is not 
to cut the quality of the food, but to give the students a plain, well 
balanced ration at as low a cost as possible. 

We charge our students $11 per month for board, laundry, heat, 
fight, and furnished room — only 36f cents per day. We can not make 
our boarding department pay its expenses, and our problem is how much 
of a deficit to allow. 

When we began the study of our students' boarding departments, 
the per capita cost for raw food was averaging 20 cents per day, and our 
faculty asked to have it reduced to 17 cents. 

We were able to effect our greatest saving in meats. There was not 
enough competition in our buying, and by giving this close attention 
we were able to make quite a reduction, so that even with the increased 
cost of some food stuffs, we reduced the daily per capita cost for raw 
food to 17.06 cents for the month of March, 1915. 

During the present year, I have worked out a plan for keeping the 
dietitians informed of the cost of raw food. Each day at five o'clock I 
can give the cost of the raw food of each of the boarding departments 
for the preceding day. This we find to be of great assistance to our 
dietitians. 



34 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

As each day's expenditure is reported, the dietitian can see whether 
she has exceeded the allowance, and she is given at the same time the 
amount already expended so far that month, and the total allowance. 
These figures are tabulated for reference at any time. 

During the past year the lowest daily per capita cost for raw food 
for a month was 17.29 cents for December, and the average from July 
1, 1915, to May 31, 1916, was 19.03 cents; that is, 0.19 cent less than for 
the same period the year before, while some food stuffs were much higher 
in price. The reason the eleven months figure of 19.03 cents is so much 
higher than 17,29 cents, the per capita cost in December, is that during 
the summer we have fewer students, while meat, for one thing, is much 
higher than in the winter. 

During the time from July 1, 1915, to May 31, 1916, our overhead 
expenses, which include all other expenses of the dining room and 
kitchen, such as salaries, student labor, crockery, linen, repairs, was 
8.15 cents per capita; this added to the 19.03 cents for raw food, gives 
27.18 cents, the daily per capita cost of feeding our students. 

2.00 P.M. 
Conference on Cafeteria Management 

Elizabeth Goodrich, Simmons College, Boston, presiding. 

A paper was presented by Anna M. East, New Housekeeping Edi- 
tor of the Ladies Home Journal, describing the cafeteria management 
of the Curtis Publishing Company. 

Miss East called attention to the fact that in the five years' existence 
of the cafeteria there have been just ten changes in the help. The 
very best salaries for that type of work in Philadelphia are paid, and 
the very best of food is bought. 

The large dining room for the girls serves in winter about 1250, and 
in summer 900 to 1000. In the men's large dining room, 500 are served 
every noon, and as many at midnight. There are also three private 
dining rooms. To insure the cost of service in the private dining 
rooms, no lunch is served for less than 25 cents. The welfare depart- 
ment has worked out and printed a little leaflet telling the girls how to 
choose their lunches in order to get the proper food value. The food is 
well seasoned, and is attractively served. 

Aluminum trays are used in the cafeteria for serving and have stood 
the wear very well. Most of the utensils in the kitchen are copper. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 35 

Mechanical dish washers are used, and there are separate rooms for the 
dishwashing. Since the opening of the cafeteria, but six per cent of 
the receipts have been spent for replacement of equipment. 

There are three chefs for the two kitchens, and the other helpers 
have various definite parts of the work to do. The girls work from 
8.30 a.m. until 5 p.m. and are each paid $8 a week or over with board. 
There is no distinction between the food of those serving and that offered 
to other employees, or that served at Mr. Curtis' private table. 

3.00 P.M. 
Conference on Laundry Management 

L. Ray Balderston, Teachers' College, presiding. 

A STUDY OF THE RELATIVE COSTS OF DOING LAUNDRY 
IN THE HOME AND OUT OF THE HOME 

REPORT SUBMITTED BY L. RAY BALDERSTON 

A questionnaire was sent out by the Laundry Committee to about one 
hundred teachers and workers in the field asking for printed price lists 
from laundries in their communities. With these lists were requested 
also prices for family wash, wet wash, rough dry wash in 100, dozen, 
and pound lots. The response was most cordial and the actual prices 
were obtained that famihes must pay for work done in commercial 
laundries in different parts of the country. 

For comparative study, a more or less standard garment was chosen, 
such as the nightshirt of the man and nightdress of the woman; a shirt 
for the man, a shirtwaist for the woman, and a collar for each. Other 
garments were so irregular in style and construction that a comparative 
study was quite impossible. 

The result may be summed up as follows: 

1. Men's work much cheaper than women's — about 50 per cent. 

2. West higher for all work except family work. 

3. South cheapest in all work, due to negro labor. 

4. Prices for rough dry about equal. 

5. A decided drop in price for wet wash, and the price not at all 
definite. 

6. Family wash and washerwoman's rate impossible to chart as the con- 
ditions vary so greatly. The variation in price is due to different usage 
in regard to giving meals to washerwoman, paying carfare, and in the 
number of hours of service, as well as to the difference in the wage rate. 



36 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

8.00 P.M. 
SANITARY SURVEYS OF INSTITUTIONS 

C.-E. A. WINSLOW 

Anna M. R. Lauder Professor of Public Health, Yale Medical School, and Curator of Public 
Health, American Museum of Natural History 

The application of scientific method to the affairs of daily life makes 
progress much more slowly than most of us would wish ; and the principal 
obstacle which has delayed its advance is the indiscretion of its would-be 
exponents. The very name "efficiency" has become a byword and a 
hissing because efficiency has been so often unwisely sought on a basis of 
partial knowledge and with total neglect of the human factor in produc- 
tion. "Scientific management" has come near to being discredited for 
similar causes. The word "survey" in many minds summons up only 
images of turmoil and alarm, because so many surveys have been con- 
ducted by those who were experts only in the art of publicity and who 
were seeking, not the facts, but merely colorable evidence for the con- 
demnation of the person or the institution which happened to be the vic- 
tim of the moment. 

Yet the fundamental principle of the "survey" is a sound one. Those 
who are immediately concerned in the conduct of any business are sel- 
dom trained in the methods of scientific investigation, and even if they 
are, the very closeness of contact, the daily familiarity with develop- 
ment, militates against a broad and well proportioned view of its rela- 
tions. It is difficult for them to see the wood for the trees; the cumula- 
tive effect of gradual changes, instantly perceived by an outsider, is lost 
as the alterations in members of one's family, obvious to a visitor, are 
unnoted at home. 

In order that an investigation of this kind shall be of service, how- 
ever, it must be constantly dominated by three motives. It must be 
scientific; it must be constructive; and it must be cooperative. 

It would seem perhaps unnecessary to emphasize these essential char- 
acteristics of a successful survey if they had not been so flagrantly ig- 
nored in conspicuous instances in the past. Surveys should deal with 
measurable facts, expressed in quantitative terms, so far as possible, and 
checked up by constant considerations of costs and of probable return. 
They should be governed throughout by a consideration of practical 
results to be obtained by concrete improvements. There is nothing at 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 37 

all gained by mere faultfinding. Above all they should be carried out 
in intimate and friendly cooperation with the administrators of the 
institution surveyed. There are two perfectly good reasons why a study 
carried on from the external standpoint only is likely to be worse than 
useless. In the first place, while the scientific training and the detach- 
ment of the surveyor is of supreme value, it must always be checked up 
by the practical experience of ''the man on the job." No investigator, 
however well equipped, can grasp all the local variants in a particular 
problem. What seems at first a mistake may in the special case be the 
best possible way out of peculiar difficulties. Really valuable plans for 
reconstruction must be the joint work of the science from without and 
the experience from within. Again, even if the investigator could by 
some miracle hit on the right solution for each problem, his report is of 
little use unless it is put in practice. The superintendent or other ex- 
ecutive who is to carry it out will ultimately have the fate of the plans 
in his own hands. If his cordial sympathy has not been secured, if the 
plans have not in large measure become his plans, he can demonstrate 
their impracticability after the investigator has departed without turn- 
ing his hand over and without even knowing how his prejudices have 
worked themselves out. A short period of bitterness and recrimination 
— then a comfortable relapse to the status quo with another black mark 
against the expert — that is the only result of a survey conducted in the 
spirit of the inquisition. 

With this word of warning as to the spirit which must govern a sur- 
vey if it is to be of value I may pass to a brief review of some of the 
principal points which should be considered in sanitary surveys of such 
institutions as those which are of special interest to the members of this 
Section. 

Most of the points covered in such a survey fall under four main 
heads, Air Conditioning, Cleanliness, Toilet Facilities, and Preparation and 
Service of Food, and they may conveniently be discussed in that order. 

In many cases a special study should also be made of illumination, 
with regard to the adequacy of general lighting and freedom from glare. 
In my own surveys I have always called in special experts to make 
photometric measurements and determine angles of glare; an excellent 
general description of the method employed in such studies may be 
found in a bulletin on The Hygienic Conditions of Illumination in Work- 
shops of the Women's Garment Industry.^ 

iSchereschewsky, J. W., and Tuck, D. H., U. S. Pub. Health Service, Bui. 71. 



38 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 



Air Conditioning. Exhaustive investigations have shown that the 
evil effects of bad air are due not primarily to any excess of carbon dioxid 
or "morbific matter" or to any lack of oxygen, but to excessive heat 
and humidity. 

The principal symptoms experienced in a badly ventilated room are 
due to the influence of warm still air upon the circulatory system. Such 
an atmosphere causes a rise in body temperature, and pulse rate, a fall in 
blood pressure, a general feeling of discomfort, and a marked disinclina- 
tion to physical exertion; while it injuriously affects the mucous mem- 
branes so as to constitute an important predisposing cause of respiratory 
disease. Any temperature over 70° (except where the air is in motion) 
is lowering to efficiency and injurious to health. The installation of a 
$75 system of ventilation in the operating room of the telephone exchange 

TABLE 

Relation of artificial and natural ventilation to air conditions, New York Office Building. 
Number of rooms of each type showing a given carbon dioxide content 



Carbon dioxide parts per 10,000 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


Rooms with exhaust over 30 cu. ft., win- 




dow openings over 0.25 sq. ft. p.c 

Rooms with exhaust over 30 cu. ft., win- 


5 


9 


8 


6 


2 


















dow openings under 0.25 sq. ft. p.c . . . 
Rooms with exhaust under 30 cu. ft., 




1 


1 


2 


1 


1 
















window openings over 0.25 sq. ft. p.c... 
Rooms with exhaust under 30 cu. ft., 






12 


14 


11 


2 


2 




1 


1 








window openings under 0.25 sq. ft. p.c. 


1 


1 


3 


6 


6 


4 


13 


11 


5 


6 


2 




1 



at Cambridge, Mass., was followed by a reduction in winter absences 
from over 4.5 to 1.9 per cent of the force employed. 

One of the most important steps in a survey is to obtain an accurate 
idea of temperature conditions. This should be done by installing auto- 
matic thermographs in the important rooms and supplementing them 
by observations of temperature and humidity made with the sling 
psychrometer. 

The results of such a study I usually plot on a distribution curve with 
temperatures as abscissae, and percentage of observations in each class 
as ordinates; and the results are sometimes surprising. In a large office 
building in New York, for example, I found 34 per cent of all observations 
between 72° and 75° F., and 9 per cent, 76° and over. In a university 
dining hall 28 per cent of all observations were between 71° and 72°, 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 39 

and 16 per cent, 73° and over. On the other hand two window venti- 
lated hospital wards in New Haven showed less than 5 per cent of all 
records over 70°, and a mechanically ventilated school in New York 
showed only 3 per cent over 71°. 

Carbon dioxid observations should also be made with the Petterson- 
Palmquist machine or some equally reHable apparatus. Carbon dioxid 
is not in itself harmful but it is an excellent measure of the change of 
air necessary to avoid overheating and the accumulation of unpleasant 
odors. 

Parallel with these analytical determinations, which must, of course, 
be made in considerable numbers to gain an accurate idea of existing 
conditions, there must go a careful study of existing facilities for heating 
and ventilation and their operation. Radiation surfaces should be con- 
sidered and, if an automatic regulating system is in operation, individual 
thermostats should be carefully tested. They will very frequently be 
found in an extraordinary state of disrepair, unjustly discrediting a 
system which when in order will operate with reasonable precision. In 
the office building alluded to above, 52 per cent of 213 thermostats exam- 
ined were found not to be controlling their radiators. In one room 
with three thermostats in disrepair the temperature for 21 days in Feb- 
ruary and March never fell as low as 70° during working hours and was 
usually in the neighborhood of 80°. 

It may generally be assumed that when a room is so crowded that 
the floor area is less than 200 square feet per capita some sort of 
special ventilation will be required. As indicated by the table below 
either a fan exhaust of 30 cubic feet per capita or windows open to the 
extent of 0.25 square foot per capita will usually be necessary in order 
to ensure a reasonable air change. 

If there is a mechanical ventilating plant the registers should be meas- 
ured and their per capita area calculated. This area should equal about 
0.1 square foot per capita. In one case studied by me 31 per cent of 
the register areas in an ofiice building were inadequate and 54 per 
cent unnecessarily large. The air flow at the registers should be meas- 
ured by means of an anemometer and checked up by measurements of 
the flow in the main ventilating ducts and studies of the rated capacity 
and actual performance of the fans. Sometimes the fans will be found 
to be of a totally inadequate type. Sometimes they can be made ef- 
fective by simple changes in pulleys or motors which will permit of an 
increased speed. Sometimes trouble arises from the fact that the en- 



40 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

gineer is saving coal by operating the fans at reduced speed or not at 
all. Sometimes the fan is doing its part, while wrong proportioning of 
register areas and the lack of volume dampers distribute the pressure so 
faultily that the air is changed too rapidly in one section and too slowly 
in another. In a large dining hall studied by me the exhaust at the 
end of the room near the fan was 26 to 33 cubic feet per capita, a very 
satisfactory value, while at the other end of the room it was 7 to 9 cubic 
feet. 

The adequate ventilation of lunch rooms is a particularly important 
point and one that is very generally neglected. The great crowding 
that occurs in such places makes special mechanical ventilation almost 
always essential. An employees' lunch room in New York, for example, 
showed temperatures varjdng from 72° to 79°, half of the records being 
over 75°, with carbon dioxid value ranging, with one exception, between 
10 and 20 parts. 

Kitchens and serving rooms present very pressing problems of their 
own and almost always require special local exhaust ventilation to pro- 
tect the workers from excessive heat and to prevent odors from per- 
meating the rest of the building. 

The remedy to be applied in the shape of provisions for necessary 
artificial air supply can, of course, generally be worked out only by a 
properly qualified expert. At times however the solution of a ventila- 
tion problem is fairly simple. I remember, for example, a hospital in 
Chicago, which had been greatly troubled by odors in the wards, where 
I found that the fresh air intake on the roof opened just over the soil 
pipe of the plumbing system and drew its foul air directly into the ven- 
tilating ducts. 

Cleanliness. The general tidiness of buildings and grounds should, 
of course, be carefully noted, special attention being paid to the types 
of organic filth (manure, garbage, and the like) which may breed flies 
and constitute a menace to health. If opportunity permits it may be 
well to install large fly traps at various points about the grounds and 
estimate the number of flies caught in definite periods in order to indi- 
cate the seriousness of this particular nuisance. 

The extent of floor area to be cleaned within the building should be 
estimated, the character of the floors and their condition noted, and 
the routine of the cleaning force observed. Six cents per square foot 
per annum is a reasonable cleaning cost, but worn wooden floors and 
complicated furniture materially increase tliis figure. It will frequently 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 41 

be found that the lack of centraHzed organization militates against ef- 
ficiency. I know a hospital, for example, where the cleaning of wards is 
under the direction of the superintendent of nurses, and that of tunnels 
and corridors under that of the housekeeper, while the dietitian hires 
and discharges the servants who have to do with the preparation and 
service of food. 

The commonest fault found in cleaning is the use of dry sweeping and 
dry dusting methods, which appear to survive with persistent success 
all assaults which have been made upon them. In one such case I 
found 485,000 dust particles per cubic foot of air in the room before 
dusting and 694,000 when dry dusting was going on, an increase of 43 
per cent. The use of sweeping compounds of some sort on floors and 
the replacement of feather dusters by cloth dusters treated with oil 
should be insisted on. 

The replacement of wooden floors by composition or tile floors of ap- 
proved type may often effect a saving in cleaning bills which will corre- 
spond to a very profitable rate of interest on the original investment. 

Toilet Facilities. The toilet facilities provided both for patrons and 
for employees should be scrutinized with care, both in regard to ade- 
quacy and sanitary character. 

The usual standard fixed by good practice, and in some communities 
by law, calls for one toilet seat for every 20 to 25 employees in a factory 
or office building. A much lower proportion than this causes discomfort 
and possible injury to health and leads also to a considerable waste 
of the employer's time. For example, in an office employing a large 
number of women clerks and with only one toilet seat for each 39 fe- 
male employees I had a census made of the number of women entering 
the toilet rooms during each fifteen minute period. The number of per- 
sons entering a toilet room provided with only 36 seats rose to an aver- 
age of 16 to 25 per minute for fifteen minute periods before luncheon 
and before closing time. My inspector reported that the flush tanks 
sometimes had not time to fill between flushings. Most significant, 
however, was the fact that the maximum crowding did not occur during 
the lunch hour or after closing time but began a full half hour before. 
The clerks who had evidently become accustomed to find the toilet 
rooms crowded had formed the habit of taking time by the forelock. 

The character of the toilet rooms is of very real importance in connec- 
tion with their possible role in the spread of communicable disease. 
The first essential is that they should be more than amply Ughted — the 



42 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Decembei 

second that they should be fitted up with smooth and impervious walls 
and floor so that they can be kept clean. A dark, dingily finished toilet 
room is quite certain to be a dirty and a dangerous one. 

It is most important for obvious reasons that ample facilities for 
washing the hands, including liquid or powdered soap, paper towels, and, 
if possible, warm water, should be provided in connection with all toilet 
rooms. It is also desirable that opportunities for the handling of the 
same object by different persons should be reduced to a minimum, par- 
ticularly after the toilet has been used and before the hands have been 
washed. Automatic flush tanks or those operated by the raising of the 
toilet seat are therefore desirable, and the locking and unlocking of 
toilet compartment doors by a footlatch may be recommended as a 
counsel of perfection. 

The provision of an adequate supply of drinking water is a point 
which should, of course, receive attention in any institution. It would 
hardly be necessary to point out the importance of securing a water 
supply of initial purity and providing for its consumption through some 
means other than the common drinking cup, if it were not still so easy 
to find common drinking cups in use — particularly in colleges and hos- 
pitals, according to my personal experience. Drinking water if it is 
cooled should be provided in containers in which it does not come in 
contact with the ice, as the additional pollution that comes from the 
handhng of ice to be dropped into water is a wholly unnecessary risk. 

A word should be said in this connection as to the provision of locker 
and lounging rooms for employees. These should be adequate, well 
lighted, attractive and orderly, particularly in connection with kitchens 
and dining halls where the self-respect of the staff is an essential factor 
in cleanliness and safety. Yet I have known of a rather elaborate din- 
ing hall with a basement locker and lounging room for 90 colored waiters 
having only about 200 square feet of free space between the rows of 
lockers, and with a dark interior locker and lounging room Kghted by 
one 15-watt lamp for the white employees. 

There are many good types of metal lockers now on the market and the 
inconvenient and dirty wooden lockers should be replaced as rapidly as 
possible. For men expanded metal lockers are perhaps preferable on 
account of the better ventilation which they offer, but women prefer 
solid steel lockers on account of their freedom from dust. Lack of pro- 
vision of lockers large enough for women's hats is a source of inconveni- 
ence and disorder in many offices. It should be noted that the price of 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 43 

steel lockers varies very widely and some of the more expensive types 
are scarcely worth the extra cost involved. 

Preparation and Service of Food. The equipment provided and the 
methods in use for the preparation and service of food, of course, require 
a particularly careful study on account of the sanitary and hygienic 
problems and the considerable financial considerations involved. 

Storage facilities should be examined in detail and special attention 
paid to provisions for refrigeration. It is surprising to find how many 
large lunch rooms and dirling halls are provided only with wooden lined 
ice boxes often imperfectly cooled by ice. In a large hospital I had auto- 
matic thermographs installed in such ice boxes and found a meat room 
ranging between 41° and 47°, and usually over 44°, while a cooked meat 
and vegetable room was usually between 44° and 50°. These figures 
were obtained in May and the condition of food kept in these rooms in 
August must have been most dangerous. The installation of a brine 
or ammonia coil refrigerating system may often prove a real economy, 
particularly where ice cream is being manufactured. 

The floor and walls of kitchens and serving rooms should not only be 
of impervious material but Hght-colored, and such rooms should be 
particularly well lighted. CleanHness is very largely dependent on ex- 
ternal conditions, and it is impossible to secure high sanitary standards in 
a dingy kitchen with worn wooden or cement floors and dilapidated walls. 

From the standpoint of equipment the commonest defect I have found 
is the lack of a modern dishwashing machine. The old-fashioned tank 
machines do not rinse the dishes in clean water and are cumbrous and 
costly to operate. I believe that as a rule one of the newer patterns of 
washing machine will prove not only more sanitary but much more 
economical in operation. 

The general cleanliness of handling of food and its protection from dust 
and flies should be noted. Kitchens and ser^/ing rooms should, of course, 
be free from rubbish and outdoor clothing, and pet animals and vermin 
should be absent. Special attention may well be paid to the method 
of handling waste materials, the condition of garbage cans and the pres- 
ence or absence of covers. 

The extent to which it is necessary that food should be handled in 
preparation and service is a very important and difficult one. Human 
contact is generally more dangerous than any other kind of contamina- 
tion, and I am in hopes that members of this Association may some day 
conduct a detailed investigation, by time studies, to determine just how 



44 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

much direct use of the hands is really necessary in rapid service. It is 
common in lunch room service for even shoes of ice cream and, of course, 
meat and potatoes, to be placed on the plates with the fingers. 

Until the handling of food is much less common than at present I 
consider special provision of facilities for hand washing, with hot water, 
soap, and paper towels, an essential part of kitchen and serving room 
equipment. Furthermore the systematic medical examination of 
kitchen and serving room and dining room employees is a most impor- 
tant measure of protection if it can possibly be attained. In any large 
group of employees carriers of the germs of diphtheria, tuberculosis, 
syphilis and typhoid fever will occasionally be found, and one cough or a 
single touch with an unclean finger may infect scores of patrons. New 
York City has adopted an ordinance providing that no person affected 
with communicable disease shall be permitted to engage in the prepa- 
ration of food for the public, and compelHng all such food handlers to 
submit to an inspection when required. Montclair, N. J., has gone 
even further in requiring that a certificate of examination shall be filed 
as a regular routine every three months by all food handlers in public 
places, and the Board of Health will furnish, for a nominal fee, certificates 
to servants employed in private families. 

The general character of the food purchased should, of course, receive 
attention, and particular study should be made of milk and shellfish, 
ttie two foods which are most commonly responsible for outbreaks of 
communicable disease. It cannot be too strongly emphasized that no 
milk is really safe unless it has been pasteurized by the holding system 
(heated to 140°F. for twenty minutes) and such milk should show less than 
50,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter. I recall recent cases in my own 
experience in which the milk used in a university dining hall averaged 
770,000 bacteria per cubic centimeter and that used in a hospital, 
1,200,000 per cubic centimeter. 

Finally, some study should be made of the dietary values of the food 
supplied, of its protein content, and of the extent to which fresh fruits and 
vegetables are represented in the diet. An excess of meat is an exceed- 
ingly common fault in lunch room and dining hall menus, accompanied 
by a lack of salads and attractive desserts. The only remedy in such 
cases is the employment of a trained dietitian to superintend the selec- 
tion of the food to be served. 

The Presentation of Results. After the survey has been completed the 
most difficult work of the investigator begins. The engineering part, 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 45 

the determination of facts and remedies, is comparatively simple. It is 
the psychological problem, the enlistment of active interest in proposed 
plans of reform, that requires almost superhuman skill. The men at 
the top of any large enterprise can usually think broadly along lines of 
efficiency and economy. The men in immediate charge of departments 
are often of a different caHber. They are commonly conservative and 
suspicious of novelty, and it must be constantly borne in mind that 
any suggestion of change is Hkely to be construed as a criticism and, 
at least subconsciously, resented. Yet it is these subordinates who hold 
the success of the plan in their hands. 

First of all, then, the survey itself must be conducted in intimate co- 
operation with these subordinate executives. Each defect and each 
suggested change should be taken up with them. If they can only be 
made to feel that the survey is intended to help them, to secure the 
facilities they need and deserve, the fight will be almost won. 

The report of the survey should be presented in clear and compact 
form, with graphs and photographs to illustrate important points and 
it should always be preceded by a very brief digest, setting forth exist- 
ing conditions, criticisms, recommendations, costs of savings and 
advantages. 

Finally, as a last precaution, before the report is finally turned in, 
I always secure a conference of the higher executive and all subordinate 
executives affected, and go over the criticisms and recommendations 
point by point so that I may either secure a general approval of the 
principles involved and a general endorsement of the accuracy of the 
facts presented, or have an opportunity of joining issue with critics in 
open meeting. This procedure, which I learned through association with 
Dr. Mollis Godfrey, President of the Drexel Institute, and one of the 
ablest scientific management experts in the country, has proved of incal- 
culable benefit. 

I cannot close even this brief paper without expressing my apprecia- 
tion of the opportunity of speaking before the Home Economics Associa- 
tion, because of my appreciation of what its present members are doing, 
and, above all, of what its founder did, for the cause of scientific living. 
At the Fifty Year Memorial meeting of the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology a fortnight ago, one name, among all the great names in 
the history of the Institute, was cheered longer than any other, the 
name of Ellen Richards. It was my privilege, as it was that of many of 
you before me, to be a pupil of Mrs. Richards in the flesh; but all of us 
who are working for the better ordering of the affairs of daily life are, 
and for generations will be, her disciples in the spirit. 



46 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

STUDIES OF LABOR PROBLEMS IN HOUSEHOLD 
EMPLOYMENT 

HENRIETTA ROELOFS 

Household Employment Commission of the National Board of the Young Women's Christian 

Associations, New York City 

The subject, as stated in the program, is "Labor Problems in Insti- 
tutions." May I take the liberty of enlarging that to include the labor 
problems which concern all those people who are doing our cooking, 
serving, cleaning, dishwashing, laimdry work, and general household 
duties, wherever performed, whether in an institution, a private home, 
or a hotel? I have two reasons for doing this. First, because it will be 
easier for you to understand your labor problem if you see it in its large 
relationships; second, because I believe that the main reason for the pres- 
ent difficulties in household employment is to be found in the fact that 
there has never been any serious collective thinking on the subject. 
The greatest drawback to progress in those occupations controlled by 
women is the individuaHstic attitude which says: "If I am above re- 
proach in my labor relationships, I have nothing to do with what my 
neighbor does." No one who is an employer of household labor — cook, 
chef, general maid, janitress, scrub woman — is without a share in the 
responsibihty for the status of the occupation as a whole. If the status 
is low, she is an accessory to the fact imless she is taking active measures 
to raise the status. 

There seems to be no doubt as to the status of household employment. 
Among wage earners it has the lowest rank. Even employers, when 
off guard, reveal their lack of respect for the occupations when they 
make such casual remarks as, "Oh, well, she didn't know enough to do 
anything else, so she had to do housework," or "she is only an ignorant 
foreigner so she had to go into domestic service." Housework seems to 
be the drag on the progress of industrial Hfe; no industry has been so 
slow to accept modern ideas and methods, and the causes are to be found, 
not so much in the facts, economic facts which might prevent progress, 
as in ideas — in the realm of psychology. 

Old traditions, conceptions, ideas still hold sway with a tenacity 
truly astounding when the facts which first created the conceptions 
have long ceased to exist. Let me speak of a few of these beliefs which 
are the barriers to progress in the occupation. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 47 

1. The belief that housework is the safest and best place — morally — 
for a girl; that department store and factory work offer temptations 
and opportunities for incorrigibility and even crime, not found in the 
shelter of a home, or institutions run on the home plan. So strong has 
been this feeling, that there has been a very general fear on the part of 
the public that women's entrance into public industries would have a 
degenerating effect on their morals, and that there would be a perceptible 
increase in crime. As a matter of fact, what do we find? Let me quote 
from the Government report on the relation of criminality to occupa- 
tion. Officers in charge of criminals report "that during the last thirty 
years, the period within which new fields of industry have been opened 
to women, there has been no increase of criminality whxch could be traced 
to new occupations." It is the general opinion among of&cials that 
criminahty among women is diminishing — "We don't get as many women 
as we used to." This is corroborated by the United States Census Bu- 
reau in study of juvenile dehnquents. "While the number of women 
gainfully employed has been everywhere increasing, the relativen umber 
of female offenders has diminished." The new occupations made a very 
good showing: "they have a certain discipHnary and educative value 
in themselves, and the kind of women ordinarily found in ranks of 
misdemeanants is hardly qualified to enter them. Stenographer, book- 
keeper, cashier must have force of character, sustained purpose; sales- 
women may not require so much training but the discipline of the posi- 
tion is no less exacting. Training in systematic and sustained industry, 
in promptness, in obedience to recognized authority, tends to build up 
a type of character which renders its possessor very unlikely to come in 
conflict with the law." It is apparent that the decrease of criminahty 
among women is not only an accompaniment but in part a consequence 
of their wider industrial opportunities. 

In consulting the figures in regard to the 2000 women incorrigibles and 
criminals investigated, we find that 70 per cent of them were wait- 
resses and servants from both institutions and homes, while waitresses 
and servants form only 24 per cent of the total nvmiber of wage earning 
women. Taking domestic pursuits as a whole, we know that they form 
40 per cent of the wage earning group — and yet in this investigation 77 
per cent of the women were in some kind of domestic work for wages. 
On the contrary, while women in manufacturing and mechanical pur- 
suits form 25 per cent of the entire wage earning class, they furnished 
only 16 per cent of the criminals. It will be seen that the domestic 



48 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

pursuits (especially waitresses and servants) form far more, the manu- 
facturing and commercial pursuits far less, than their proportion of 
criminals. These same facts have been brought out by vice commis- 
sions in MinneapoHs, Chicago, Baltimore, and elsewhere. The Juvenile 
Protective Association of Chicago, after its investigation of conditions 
under which girls work in hotels, brought out the same facts. ''The 
majority of girls who work in hotels go wrong sooner or later." The 
institutions which stand between the home and the hotel are not ex- 
empted from any statements regarding the moral hazards in domestic 
work. 

I have tried to secure information on this subject from other sources, 
and, although there are no other figures, facts point to the same con- 
clusion. Dr. Annie Daniels, who is in charge of the out patients of the 
Women's Infirmary in New York City, and because of her big heart is 
called the angel of the East Side, said that in the home for women 
inebriates practically all who came were from domestic pursuits. The 
only conclusion to draw is that "domestic pursuits either are carried 
on under conditions which tend to break down character, or there is 
something about them which attracts those of weak and undeveloped 
morality." One alternative is as bad as the other. 

2. The second belief which women insist on chnging to, is that house- 
work is intrinsically healthful. That may be true in a way. General 
housework may offer opportunity for motion, exercise, use of all the 
muscles, variety of tasks, but to offset that there may be exposure be- 
cause of excessive heat in the kitchen; the kitchen may be unsanitary; 
the bedroom may be sunless, dark, uncomfortable; the work may be 
monotonous, as scrubbing in an institution, chamber work, waitress 
work. Moreover, any health possibilities may be offset by the exces- 
sively long hours, confinement within four walls, and loneHness. Women 
forget that work itself cannot be isolated from the conditions under 
which it is performed. Machine operating in itself may not be more 
conducive to health, but if performed in a modern, well-equipped, sani- 
tary, ventilated, sunny factory for eight hours a day, six days in a 
week, with no speeding-up, the operator might actually improve in health. 
The point to emphasize in this connection is that the whole community 
and nation is bending its efforts to make factory work healthful, while 
the public serenely close their eyes to the unhealthful conditions in do- 
mestic service. The prevalence of tuberculosis and nervous disorders 
among housewives surely doe? npt prove that housework produces 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 49 

healthy women. There are nearly twice as many deaths from tuberculo- 
sis per 1000 women in household service as in any other occupation 
(Census 1900). The Juvenile Protective Association in its analysis of 
the morality among waitresses lays the blame to the depleted vitality 
caused by confinement, long hours, and poor food, as well as lack of 
proper recreation; and how is proper recreation possible with living in 
confinement and long hours? The figures of life insurance companies 
do not show that domestic service is above the average in health status. 
The figures I have seen, and they are very meagre, give domestic service 
a slightly higher rate of mortality than the whole group of occupied 
women. And in the only state where domestic service comes within 
the operation of the compensation laws, insurance companies have 
quoted a higher rate than for clothing, candy, tobacco, silk, department 
store, and other industries. I have tried in different ways to get facts 
on this subject, but the scarcity of material again goes to prove that 
the public much more loves to take things for granted, v/hen it comes to 
domestic service, than to get at the truth. However, we have a suffi- 
cient amount of scattered testimony to indicate the subject is one 
greatly in need of investigation. 

3. The third idea prevalent among the American public, is that house- 
work prepares a girl for her future life as wife and mother. Whenever 
a household employer feels a trifle conscience-smitten because she can- 
not close her eyes to certain hardships in the occupation, she usually 
can coax back her self-righteous feehng by saying to herself: "Weil, 
housework is what every girl needs to know, and I'm really doing her 
a favor in teaching her how to be a good housekeeper." And when it 
comes to an immigrant girl, the housewife feels doubly righteous, for she 
can say: "I taught her everything she knows." That domestic work 
prepares a girl for her future career is a fairy tale that v/e should ruth- 
lessly expose. Why is it that social workers among immigrants prefer 
to have girls go into factories rather than into homes? It is because 
they can then live with their own people under the safeguards of com- 
munity life, where they can gradually become Americanized in the family 
group. It is the isolated, lonely girl, with no protection which she can 
understand, who is hkely to grasp at any chance for excitement and 
change. If the immigrants speak absolutely no English, they are fre- 
quently sent to institutions for chamber work, laundry work, or any 
kind of heavy work, and, knowing nothing of American customs or laws, 
they are overwhelmed and exploited both by employers and employ- 



50 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

ment bureaus. These things do not prepare an immigrant girl to be a 
wife and mother — and not at all to be a responsible citizen. What, after 
all, is the future life of a girl — only to know how to scrub or to cook? 
Must she not in some way be prepared to be a citizen, a social being 
instead of a narrow-visioned, individuaKstic being? But that is the last 
thing household employers consider. Why should a cook, a laundress, 
a waitress, wish to belong to a church, a club, a Young Women's Chris- 
tian Association, go to a settlement, join a class, a union? and as to 
joining any civic project — that would cause hands to be held up in hor- 
ror. She is learning the traditional pursuit of woman, and that should 
be sufficient. As a matter of fact, the discipline, the being held up to 
a standard, the competition, the training in the use of money for one's 
entire support, the hving in one's own family and in a community, the 
opportunity for social life, recreation, and education in the evenings and 
Saturdays, which are the conditions of factory work, are better calcu- 
lated to develop a well-rounded woman, a responsible citizen, than doing 
housework isolated from the rest of life. We have long ago given up 
the idea that a woman's activities must be confined to the four walls of 
her home in the care of her husband and children, and yet we can with- 
out flinching say that the best thing to prepare a girl for her future life 
is to shut her up in some stranger's house, with no chance for those con- 
tacts which are supposed to develop us. Housework produces a purely 
individualistic woman, unless there is leisure for compensating social 
activities. This the maid does not have either in the private home or 
public institution. 

The great trouble is that people cling to these old beliefs which might 
have been true at some period in our history, and refuse to face the 
actual conditions. There is no effort to discover actual conditions. 
In fact there seems a determination not to let the truth be known. Why, 
may I ask, is it a violation of the sanctity of the private home, or the 
institutional home, to let the public know how many hours the employees 
work each day? Facts much more private than that are divulged every 
day. Think of the things we tell about our famihes to the census man, 
to the public school officials; our children in the schools have their heads 
and teeth examined; the teachers know whether we are too poor to buy 
text books or too rich to use school materials. The maids, and therefore 
the pubhc, know how difificult it is to get money from our husbands. 
We tell about our births, deaths, and marriages. We ourselves feel no 
hesitation in going into poor homes and finding out v/hether the mothers 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 51 

wash their babies, and whether the kitchen cupboard is clean. We feel 
privileged ourselves to investigate everything, and then cry "hands 
off" when it is a question of how many hours our maids work, where 
they sleep, what they eat, how we treat them personally. 

This situation is perhaps due in a measure to the attitude which men 
have formerly taken toward women. Having for so long denied women 
the privilege of taking part in outside affairs, it has come to be an ac- 
cepted idea that in the home women by instinct know everything and 
do everything rightly; no questions should be asked in regard to the 
management of a home, is a general attitude. This privacy and pro- 
tection of what is taking place inside the home give ample opportunity 
for the growth of abuse. This shibboleth of the sacredness of the home, 
the fear of revealing truths and admitting facts, has had its effect in 
leaving the domestic occupation without any of the ordinary protections 
of the law. Thirty-nine states have passed laws limiting the hours of 
working women. In only nineteen of these states are workers in hotels 
and restaurants included, in only five are workers in public institutions 
included, and in no state are the workers in private households included. 
To the girls who look not so much on the type of work to be done as on 
the conditions under which it is performed, the fact that it is perfectly 
legal to call upon them to work fourteen or sixteen hours a day, seven 
days a week, makes, at the very start, domestic work less desirable. 
Even the 1915 child labor act of Pennsylvania, which prohibits child 
labor, exempts from the operation of the act all children employed in 
domestic service in private homes. 

All the compensation laws except that of New Jersey have a clause 
somewhat Hke this: "The provisions of this act shall not apply to ac- 
tions to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by domestic 
servants and farm laborers." 

This leniency with which the Government looks upon the regulation 
of domestic occupations, you may say, goes to prove that conditions are 
not very bad after all. There might be some validity in that argument 
if it were not offset by the plain, undisputable fact that wage earning 
women refuse to do housework. Working girls are not fools, they are 
not blind; if domestic service were so superior to other occupations, if 
it gave them more of Kfe, real life made up of work and play, family 
ties, companionship, health and happiness, freedom to advance, to be 
somebody, they would not pass it by. As a matter of fact the whole 
problem of domestic service hinges on the boycott of the occupation 



52 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

by self-respecting, ambitious, capable girls. If the occupation were 
intrinsically so good, and there were only a few minor abuses to rectify, 
women might remain in it, form a union, and fight for a betterment of 
conditions. But the Trade Union officials find it a hopeless task to try 
to organize domestic workers; they never can come togecher because of 
their indefinite hours. This gives the workers absolutely no redress 
against abuses of any kind in the occupation. Perhaps this is one 
reason why employment bureaus can to such a large degree exploit do- 
mestic workers. They know that under the law these workers have no 
rights, and that there are no regulations of any kind as to standards for 
the conditions of work. The fact of the exploiting employment bureau 
is enough to give the occupation a very low social rating. It should be a 
matter of great shame to women that the one occupation which they 
control should be so notoriously exploited by bureaus. These bureaus, 
by the way, are also usually run by women. Wage earners are pretty 
good judges of the good and bad points in an occupation. Their entire 
life, as Florence Kelley says, is a fight against the encroachment of work 
so as to preserve time to live. They think these ideas which the public 
holds about the beauty of housework are all nonsense. Work is work 
to them and they are ready to do any kind, provided it does not squeeze 
out of life everything but work. 

Girls feel that household work encroaches upon their whole life. No 
matter hov/ hard the factory and store work is, if they only have to work 
eight or nine hours a day they will prefer it to the sometimes easy work 
in household service. This was clearly shown in the answers of the work- 
ing girls who were asked by the Commission on Household Employment 
to discuss the relative value of household employment and other indus- 
trial occupations. Through the Federation of Industrial Clubs of the 
Young Women's Christian Association we were able to interest groups 
of girls in seventeen cities in different parts of the United States in the 
discussion. The object was to discover why intelligent, ambitious, 
wage earning young wom^en are choosing the factory, the office, the store, 
in preference to household work. Questions were asked calling for com- 
parisons on the following points: wages, hours, health, place of living, 
opportunity for social life and recreation, opportunity for marriage, and 
social standing. The unanimity of the answers was convincing. Girls 
in household work placed about the same estimate on the occupation as 
the girls in the factory or store. To sum up the wage earner's opinion 
on household employment : Household employment carries within itself 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 53 

no objectionable features, may be healthful, and frequently pays well; 
but it is performed under conditions which prevent self-direction and 
self-development of personal life. These conditions are long and ir- 
regular hours, and the servile treatment by employers and public. This 
second condition, servile treatment, usually referred to as the social 
stigma, is but the accompaniment of the long hours which prevent the 
worker from taking her place in the community life on a par with other 
workers. Answers to the question: "Would you advise your younger 
sister to go into household work?" read like this: "Under the present 
conditions of the domestic worker, I should say a decided 'No.' How- 
ever, if she were employed at regular hours and salary, and respected as 
are employees of a first-class house, I should say 'Yes.' Then she would 
have time and opportunity to gain in education and experience, as she 
would have time off to meet people, read, talk, and entertain, which are 
as educating as schooling. She should live at home where she has the 
proper kind of friends. Reduce the hours, arrange things so that the 
girl in domestic service will not feel that she is a servant, as she is 
looked upon now." 

When asked for suggestions for placing the occupation on a higher 
plane, the emphasis was laid upon the regulation of the hours and 
therefore the systematizing of the work which alone would make possi- 
ble the regularizing of the hours. As one household worker puts it, 
" Most maids could accomplish more work in less hours, if they had regu- 
lar hours." The solution lies in this terse statement: "Start a training 
school to teach ladies how to keep house." 

In order that our estimate of household employment might have a 
substantial basis, our Commission consulted the foremost vocational 
educators in the United States, those who are giving their entire time to 
the study of the girl and her job. Their opinion corroborated that of 
the girls themselves. Under the present conditions obtaining in the 
occupation, girls are not willing to do housework, and the vocational 
schools will, as a rule, neither advise them to enter it, nor train them 
for it. Exceptions are beginning to be made in those departments where 
the work can be systematized and the hours regulated, and herein lies 
the hope for the future. The educators lay great stress on the responsi- 
bility of the employer for the present status of the occupation and for 
changing the conditions so that household employment may be made 
to conform with modern ideals in industry. Only then will the social 
stigma vanish and the occupation resume its rightful place in our indus- 
trial world. 



54 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

The pertinent question before us is, how shall the situation be changed? 
By the same process by which any other industrial abuse is rectified. 
Agitate, educate, tell the people the truth, find out what the truth is, 
let there be scientific surveys of the occupation as there have been in 
other fields, and eventually let the Government and the law exercise the 
same protection over domestic workers as over others. Legislate as to 
our homes and institutions? You ask. Yes, why not? Every good 
that has ever come to women in labor eventually finds its way into a 
law or status. Law is not always a forced rule on people. It is the way 
we have of putting ourselves on record as to the standard we are trying 
to live up to. It is no disgrace to be a part of the law. We are tre- 
mendously proud of ourselves if our state will not allow factories and 
department stores to work more than eight hours a day. It is a matter 
of pride, not of shame. This will in time come to be our attitude 
toward all industries. Especially should this be our attitude toward 
domestic workers, for, in the nature of the case, these workers will never 
have equal facilities for cooperative movements with, for instance, factory 
workers, because of the isolation of the majority of workers. 

Of all employers of domestic workers, those in institutions are in the 
most advantageous position for beginning to raise the standards in the 
occupation. The private housewife, because of tradition and custom, 
because of the difficulty of adjusting the work and hours when there is 
but one worker, because of the variety of claims of husband and chil- 
dren, and especially because she, unlike the institution manager, is un- 
trained, wil be slow to readjust the conditions of labor in her home. 
She will hlave to be pulled along with the more advanced employers. 
Educational and religious institutions should take the lead. They, if 
any, stand publicly for the principles of social justice. The Industrial 
Board in Pennsylvania, in giving its rulings for including women em- 
ployed in hotels and institutions in the law on one rest day a week, said 
in regard to institutions: "Such institutions being entrusted with funds 
for beneficent and rehgious work for the public should so operate these 
funds as to benefit all connected with their operation, and because of 
the high idealism in the founding of such institutions they should be 
foremost in establishing ideal labor regulations." And yet few have felt 
their responsibihty for bettering the occupation. A member of the 
Pennsylvania State Industrial Board told me that it was institutions, 
public and private, which protested against complying with the new 
law. The excuse they gave was that they were not commercial enter- 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 55 

prises, but partook of the nature of the private home, and therefore were 
privileged, I presume, to continue all the abuses of the home. The old 
feeHng that the law has no right to put its hand on anything approaching 
a home is difficult to eradicate. 

At the Biennial Convention of the Federation of Women's Clubs 
held in New York, we tried to push through a resolution asking the 
Federal Government to make a survey of all domestic occupations. 
The resolution was passed at a joint session of the Home Economics 
Department, the Industrial Relations Department, and our Commission 
on Household Employment. It was turned down by the Resolutions 
Committee and the whole matter referred back to the Home Economics 
Department. The fact that they did this confirmed a statement made 
by Mr. Royal Meeker, of the Department of Labor at Washington. He 
said that the Department was ready to conduct a survey but that it 
would not be wise to attempt it until a demand was made for it by women 
themselves — at present he feared any such attempt would be resented 
as interference. The fact that the Department of Labor is waiting until 
women make a definite request for the help of the Government in finding 
out the truth about domestic occupations, made the turning down of 
the resolution by the Federation of Clubs seem more to be regretted. 
We must know the truth before we can remove the difficulties in the 
occupation, and in order to know the truth facts must be known. All 
thinking people feel that this survey must be made and the first step is 
to educate women to the necessity of it, so that they in groups, such as 
the Federation, the Young Women's Christian Association, The Home 
Economics Association will make the request to the Departments of 
Labor, both State and Federal. There may come a number of limited 
surveys first. For instance, I could imagine your institution section 
sending a questionnaire to all its members, asking for the schedules of 
hours of all employees, whether or not their institution is living up to 
the standard of hours set by the State as the maximum for women work- 
ers, asking about the time off, whether the workers have a six or seven 
day week, about vacations, living conditions, and food. You could 
use your influence in your own State in requesting that your State In- 
dustrial Commission include domestics in all its study and its protective 
legislation. 

You will be interested in the beginning the National Board of the 
Young Women's Christian Associations has made in bringing its institu- 
tions to a higher standard. A few months ago we opened a new cafe- 



56 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

teria in New York. It serves from 1800 to 2000 people a day, and 
employs about fifty workers. In order that the hours, the amount of 
work, and working conditions should conform with the standard set 
by those who are supposed to understand the capacity and needs of 
wage-earning women, we have called in a leading member of the wait- 
resses' union as our consultant. Although New York does not require 
an eight hour day, we have adopted that as our time standard, as it is 
the one advocated both by the Consumers' League and all Trade Unions. 
We hope that the sentiment for conforming to current labor standards 
will spread throughout our movement and that soon we shall be able to 
say that all our Association institutions, boarding homes, restaurants, 
cafeterias, administration buildings, are above reproach in their labor 
regulations. 

I trust that this matter will be discussed in all other sections of the 
Home Economics Association, perhaps under your leadership, and that 
the result will be a memorial from you to the Government asking that a 
survey be made of all domestic pursuits — in the home, the institution, 
the hotel — in order that we may have the requisite knowledge for reor- 
ganizing the occupation to meet present day industrial standards. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 57 

General Session, Thursday, June 29 

THE TEACHING OF SEWING 

CELESTINE SCHMIT 

Department of Home Economics, University of Wisconsin 

Before telling how and when we should teach sewing, let us consider 
for a few minutes how we obtain our clothes. Next to food clothes are 
to us a great necessity; they are one of the necessities of human life. 
We cannot dispense with them; we must have them, and nothing ex- 
presses our individuality and personality as much as clothes. If we do 
not want them to appear as if they should be a mere covering or protec- 
tion we must pay attention to them. 

When we want garments we may go to the best dressmaker or the 
best tailor we know; we put ourselves, so to speak, in their hands. Some- 
times we choose material ; sometimes we leave it to their judgment. If the 
garments that come home are satisfactory we do not regret the big bill, 
a bill sometimes out of proportion to the result. Sometimes a garment 
is a real disappointment; it does not adjust; we are dissatisfied; it does 
not look as if it belonged to us; then we feel that a great deal of time, 
money, and energy has been wasted. At another time we may take a 
dressmaker into the house ; then we look at the clothes she made ; we figure 
up the cost, and we say: "Never again; these clothes are not worth it." 
Then, again, there is a third way of obtaining clothes — the way chosen 
by most people in this country — that of buying ready-made clothes. 
Are they satisfactory? For those who can buy stock sizes they may be. 
For those who have a very erect figure, those who are round-shouldered, 
those who cannot get the size season after season, there is truly a tribu- 
lation waiting; they must have a great deal of patience and money 
before they are well clothed. In buying these ready-made garments 
we cannot get what we want. We have to buy what we can get. A 
year before we buy our garments the merchants and manufacturers 
get together and decide on the color we should wear and on the material 
we should have; they also decide on the length of the skirts, and on the 
width and cut of the coats. We have no choice in the matter. We 
may find fault with certain styles; we may object to the flimsy waists; 
we may rise in righteous indignation over the footwear we see displayed 
in the shops, but the public has no choice in the matter; it has to buy 
what is laid before it and pay the prices that are asked. 



58 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Is there a remedy for this? Education has solved many a problem, 
and education can also solve this one. When I look about and see the 
earnest conscientious work which has been done in comparatively short 
time in foods, sanitation, and housing I feel that this problem of cloth- 
ing will also be solved in the near future. 

To help answer the question when shall we begin to teach sewing 
a very interesting experiment has been made in Milwaukee. In a pri- 
vate school it was announced that lessons in sewing would be given to 
those children who wished to attend. The first Saturday 125 little girls 
applied. This school has now been opened for six years, and there are 
245 to 275 children meeting every Saturday from 2 to 4 with the ladies 
of that community as teachers. This is their program. In the second 
grade they make Httle pin cushions. They learn the stitches on a cheap 
canvas. In the third grade they make a little flannel petticoat, with 
a lesson on the button hole. The work is poorly done, I can assure you, 
but the children make an attempt. In the third grade they also make a 
little kimono. In the fourth grade they make plain night gowns; in the 
fifth grade they make their cooking aprons and caps; in the sixth grade 
they begin to use the sewing machine ; they make a fancy night gown and 
drawers and petticoat ; in the seventh grade they make a middy blouse 
and skirt; in the eighth grade a combination suit. This is the gradua- 
tion class. 

The European countries have long ago recognized the value of sew- 
ing in the schools. Over a hundred years ago sewing was obligatory. 
Sewing and needle work have been obligatory in France, Germany, 
Belgium, and Switzerland since 1836. No French teacher is allowed to 
have a teacher's certificate unless she has acquired a number of credits 
for sewing. Early in 1880 the straight line systems were introduced in 
all the schools in Germany, France, and Switzerland, and that made 
sewing more popular; that put sewing on an educational basis, and in 
1885 Shafer and Amons, professors of public instruction in Paris, pub- 
lished a text-book which had been officially recognized for the Parisian 
Girls' Schools. This book deals with housing, social customs, the work 
of the mistress of the house, hygiene, first aid to the injured, clothing, 
rents, — in fact everything a housekeeper should know. 

European countries are thickly settled, 600 people to the square mile. 
These people are comparatively comfortable, but it is only due to the 
fact that the women are taught how to sew, how to spend money 
wisely, and to exercise the strictest economy. Conditions are infinitely 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 59 

better in this country. Yet we are told that over 80 per cent of the people 
in this country must get along on less than $600 a year. Now, how will 
people meet the conditions? How will the young girls, if they do not 
earn money enough to satisfy their natural desire for pretty clothes, 
look neat, and clean, if they cannot make and mend their clothing. 
While I was in the Girls Trade School in Milwaukee many a girl of 14 
or 15 years of age came to that school who could not sew on a button or 
mend a tear in a garment. We do not need to stretch our imagination; 
what will become of that girl after she leaves school if she becomes a 
mother and a wife? I think that the untidy home, the ragged children, 
unsatisfied husband, and everything that goes with it looms pretty 
clearly before that girl's vision. If the Home Economics Association 
could bring about well graded courses in our public schools, I feel that the 
work of the associated charities and of the vice commission would be 
greatly lessened. 

Sewing can be greatly systematized, but in order to systematize it there 
must be good courses of study. These must be complete, well-graded, 
and uniform. Sometimes course are overloaded, or there is a great deal 
of repetition. At other times the essential fundamentals are not taught. 
Courses of study should be practicable, workable, and have an edu- 
cational end in view. When sewing is taught one thing to be empha- 
sized is the teaching of short cuts. Sometime ago a friend of mine 
received a letter from an Eastern State asking her what she thought of a 
course of study which included a corset cover all made by hand. We 
decided that it was entirely wrong. If our standards were those of 
Belgium and France where no woman of culture wears machine-made 
garments, this would be different, but in this country where machine- 
made garmentg are accepted why not teach the girls what they use when 
they get out of school. I would emphasize short cuts; cut out all of 
your basting in underwear and cotton garments. Cut out all of the 
basting wherever possible, but do not sacrifice standards for short cuts. 

What shall we do with the drafting of patterns? I do not think that 
the commercial systems of drafting have any place in our schools. Their 
educational value is almost negligible; besides, where they are used it 
makes the girls so dependent that if they used them afterwards they 
could not go from room to room, from house to house, without being 
burdened with the paraphernalia. If the straight hne systems can not 
be introduced, it is best to use commercial patterns, but the teachers who 
have used commercial patterns know the hardship which attends their 
use. In experimenting with four commercial patterns of size 36, — as 



60 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

much as an inch difference in the neck size was found, sometimes 2^ 
inches difference in the arms. The skirts also give much trouble. They 
are bought by the waist line and sometimes do not give the hip measure! 
Sometimes they measure 44 where they should measure 38; sometimes 
there are six inches to take out. 

The human figure is very symmetrical. If we make our children see 
and write on the blackboard that the measures are so and so, we find 
that we not only help the teacher in arithmetic, but we make the work 
interesting to the children. If we can make them see that out of the 
bust measure and the length of the back, they can regulate their pattern; 
for instance, if they are taught that the back is 2/3 of the bust, the waist 
2/3 of the bust, the neck equal to the back, and that the length of the 
arm is one and one-half the length of the back, and let them test these 
facts the interest of the class will be aroused, and they will know whether 
their patterns fit, and if they do not, we make them do it over. Another 
point is this so-called balance point. If the skirts do not fit I always 
insist that the girls put on their waists on the belt before they come 
for fitting. Tell them that the Hues must follow the plumb line and 
the children can tend to that themselves. 

There is also the question of fashion plates. They can be analyzed 
like individuals. We know that there are eight units in the human body. 
We know that one is at the nape of the neck; one at the arm pit; one at 
the waist; one on the hip, and so on. If the fashion plates are tested to 
see on what scale they are drawn students can make their own patterns. 
Of course they must have the underlying principles of drafting ; they must 
know that out of their foundation skirt with a few lines they may make 
a five or seven gore skirt. They have to learn all these principles but 
when they know them it is very easy to apply them. They go on in- 
dependently; you will be surprised at the results obtained in a compara- 
tively short time. 

I just want to call this to your attention. Clothes mean about 
$75,000,000 to France; in this country we have thousands of thousands of 
intelhgent girls in the factories; we are fighting for minimum wages. 
If these girls could get the proper instruction I think we should help 
the economic conditions of this country greatly. There are untold possi- 
bihties. If we can give such instruction to the girls, we can train de- 
signers in this country; we can be independent; we shall not have to 
depend upon other countries bringing work here. And I think if we 
work on these fines sewing will be what it should be, a pleasure and a 
joy to a great many and a blessing to the country. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 61 

STANDARDIZATION OF WOMEN'S CLOTHING 

ETHEL RONZONE 

University of Missouri 

We have for a long time been using the knowledge available con- 
cerning foods and nutrition in planning our daily dietaries and 
feeding our children, but in the application of scientific knowledge 
concerning our body, and concerning its functioning, to the clothing 
of our children and ourselves, we have fallen far short. We must 
look at this problem f^om every standpoint, we must consider the 
industrial conditions that are connected with the production of 
clothing, and we must consider the economic waste in our present system 
of competitive dress, and the effect of this system on society as a whole. 
We must consider too, the hygiene of clothing, the application of all the 
knowledge that we have concerning the body, its needs and its function- 
ing, as well as the knowledge that is available concerning materials and 
the selection and construction of our clothing. We are spending a 
large amount of time on the selection of clothing, but that does not indi- 
cate that we are solving the problems in any way; it merely indicates 
the seriousness of the clothing problem. We ought not to spend so much 
time with such a small result. 

In America our class lines are largely those brought about by the 
pecuniary standing of the individuals. These class distinctions are 
emphasized largely through dress, and this causes competition, which is 
shown by our very frequent change of style, by the use of adornment, 
and, as is brought out by Veblen in Theory of the Leisure Class, by the 
wearing of expensive materials, and the restriction of the body, so that 
work cannot be done efficiently, as is shown by the tight clothing, by 
some of the shoes worn by women, and by heavy skirts and long trains. 
The ever changing fashions which mean that clothes must be thrown 
away before they are worn out, and new ones put in their place bring 
about a very great economic waste. If we cannot afford to buy new 
clothes then we waste valuable time in remodeling old clothes. Cheap 
materials are now being manufactured; we see no such silks as our grand- 
mothers wore for a generation; we have none of those products now, or 
very few. Our silks are heavily weighted so that they wear out quickly. 

Another source of economic waste is the amount of trimming that is 
added to the garment. The trimming does not, in any way, increase the 



62 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

value of the garment for protection; it is merely there for competition, 
and so is waste. The time that is spent in planning clothes, the time of 
designers, who spend their entire time in making new designs, not to fit 
the needs of women, but to increase the quantity of clothes bought, is 
also wasted. Furthermore the time of the individual woman herself 
which might well be spent for something that would make for social 
advancement, is spent in planning new clothes and making clothes more 
attractive than those of the other people with whom she lives. The tend- 
ency for women to compete in dress is exploited by the manufacturer 
and by the designer, who work together to try to make the change in 
fashion as great as possible so that materials cannot be used over. 

Besides this class competition we also have competition for the purpose 
of sex attraction. We are all familiar with certain customs for calling 
attention to sex characteristics, such as wearing the garments fitted to 
bring out the peculiar lines of a woman's figure. We have the skirt 
that is fitted tight over the hips ; if we do not have that we have the blouse 
fitted to bring out the curves of the bust line, or the short skirt which 
shows the ankle. Instead of making the skirt short enough for comfort 
it is so short that it is immodest, and the feet are clad in stockings that 
attract attention. Not only is this attention attracted by conspicuous 
clothing, but by the lack of clothing, with the exposure, at times, of 
a large part of the body, at times, too, when women are coming in close 
contact with men, as in the case of the evening dress. 

We must also consider the effect of the rapid change of style upon the 
women's garment making industry. In men's clothing we have certain 
standardized garments; although men do change their styles, there are 
certain garments in a man's wardrobe which do not change, which go 
on from year to year, and in the men's garment making factories when 
the new styles cannot be forecasted the workers are put on such garments 
as evening suits, and frock coats, which are really standardized. In 
the women's garment making industry we have no such garment, 
though there has been a movement in some of the factories to put such a 
garment on the market. If we can get them to do this something will 
have been accomplished. This seasonal occupation causes great hard- 
ship among the women who are working in the garment making industries 
and that part of the employment of women is a very large one. 

On the hygienic side, of course, the ideal clothing must give us adequate 
protection against cold and heat, it must be easily freed from dirt, and 
it must not in any way restrict the body or interfere with the body's 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING - 63 

activities. The effects of inadequate clothing are not so obvious as the 
effects of malnutrition. We have not investigated the subject enough to 
know the effects of poor and improper clothing, but when we realize that 
15 per cent of the urban death rates are from pneumonia, and 10 per cent 
of all the deaths in this country are from pneumonia, and that exposure 
or too much clothing and then exposure, may be the exciting cause 
we realize that clothing may have an important part, not only in the 
increasing of the death rate, but also in the general health of the 
community. 

The laundering quality of our clothing must also be considered. 
All clothing that comes in direct contact with the body should be easily 
laundered and it must be of such material and weave that it will stand 
frequent laundering. We must also have enough clothing to allow for 
frequent change. 

We all know the effects of the restriction of body movement. 
Restriction is found chiefly in women's clothes, although we do find it 
in men's, e.g., tight collars, and tight belts. The effect of tight clothing 
around the waist is probably the most obvious and the most per- 
nicious of our clothing practices, and this may have very serious 
effects on the digestion, resulting in constipation; it also retards the 
breathing and the circulation, and injures the reproductive organs. 
Corsets and tight clothing on a growing girl may be a most serious 
thing. All of the data we have is furnished us by physicians whose 
cases have, of course, been pathological cases, very serious ones, but 
to a large extent these have been brought about by the type of cloth- 
ing. It is hoped that it will not be very long before the physical 
training departments of the universities can cooperate with the home 
economics departments in finding out just what the effect of the tight 
clothing is, and how much that can be changed by wearing proper 
clothing. 

The shoe is also important. We should in some way bring about the 
manufacture of low-heeled shoes. There are some hygienic shoes, 
and the more we demand them the more we shall have. The women 
who are working and coming into competition with men in their every- 
day work find that they cannot be hampered by their clothing. We 
find them putting on sensible shoes, and wearing wide skirts, wide enough 
to allow comfortable walking and yet not so wide that they are in the 
way. This is all shown by the dress of the business woman we see on 



64 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

the street. The woman on the farm is also a striking example. She 
wears a very sensible garment, although not always an attractive one. 

As a final solution of our clothing problem we must have a type of 
clothing that will admit of no competition in dress, which, of course, 
will do away with economic waste and the social evils connected with 
our dress, and the undue exposure of the body. The clothing must 
fulfil entirely the needs of the body without in any way restricting it; 
it must be durable and easily cared for; it must be modest; and lastly, 
it must be beautiful so that we can get all women to adopt it. The cri- 
terion by which we are to judge this clothing must be a social and never 
an individual one. We never can solve the problem if we cling to the 
individual point of view. 

The solution of the clothing problem rests largely with teachers of home 
economics; at least it rests with education. We can hardly expect to 
change the women who are already educated to the use of the corset, but 
we can look forward to bringing up our girls in warm, hygienic clothing 
so that the coming generation will not suffer from the same things that 
affect this generation. Under the present system of teaching clothing 
under domestic art we emphasize the change of style and varied construc- 
tion instead of hygienic construction; we insist upon variety instead of 
true beauty of line and design, and individual and pleasurable sides have 
been emphasized instead of the social side. The best way to overcome 
these tendencies is to adopt a standardized dress for women, a dress that 
will suit the needs of all women under all conditions and at all times. 

There is a big question whether one type of dress is going to do that, 
but I think that it may, and in our university we have been working 
out designs, not only for standardized dress, but standardized under- 
wear such as will suit the needs of all women at all times. There will 
remain a variety of materials ; there must be some variation in design or 
we could not make the garment artistic on each individual. There is a 
certain amount of individuality that we can never do away with, but 
a large amount of the individuality that is over stressed can be eliminated. 

The dress that, after much experimenting, has been adopted at the 
University of Missouri, and that seems to fulfill all the requirements, 
is a two piece dress, with the skirt attached to an underwaist, and the 
waist on the order of the Russian blouse or Norfolk jacket. 

(Pictures were shown illustrating the dress. One of the dresses was 
also worn by the speaker.) 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 65 

HOME ECONOMICS EQUIPMENT 

ADELAIDE LAURA VAN DUZER 
Cleveland Public Schools 

It is difficult to satisfactorily standardize the installation and equip- 
ment of rooms for work in household economics, since this must so often be 
adjusted to old buildings and rooms not built for the purpose. The location 
of these rooms, even, is sometimes not a matter of choice, but of necessity, 
and no matter how opposed we may be to the use of basement rooms, 
we must make the best of them. Even areas cut round the windows 
and careful reference to the rooms as ground floor rooms fail to make up 
for the unsightly pipes that cross the ceiling, and, for the fact that a 
perfectly good storeroom space under the stairs cannot be used because 
of fire restrictions. That these school rooms cannot be used for any- 
thing else seems to be their chief recommendation, together with the 
chance that they may be larger than the standard school room. 

When used as a center, the kitchen in a building separated from the 
main one has been found to have its merits. The pupils from outside 
schools will not disturb the routine of other work as they are apt to do 
when passing in and out of the main building. If the fire-escape can 
be used as a means of entrance and exit, however, the kitchen would 
better be under the same roof with other activities, since the criticism 
is still made that the teacher of a special subject is apt to be an out- 
sider, and proximity of position makes for community of interest. It 
seems to be the tendency of late to place the laboratory kitchen on the 
second floor of a new building, unless there is an elevator in the buUding, 
when it may be on the top floor, and in the basement if the building 
is an old one. The second floor room when not used as a center would 
seem to be a good choice of location. 

Primarily, all equipment should be complete enough to make efficient 
work possible, not too hard to keep in order, and as inexpensive as is 
compatible with pleasing appearance, easy working conditions, and 
good wearing quahties. Its general makeup must of necessity vary 
with the use to which it is to be put, and with the personal opinion of 
the one whose task it is to do the equipping. 

No better plan of placing work tables in an elementary school has been 
found than that of a hollow square. With this arrangement the teacher 
has all of her class before her, all with their faces turned towards her 
and none of them concealed from view by their taller companions. It 



66 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

makes less walking for the teacher than any other arrangement — a thing 
greatly to be desired. If, however, the pupils help in lunch room work, 
large ranges down the center of the room with a row of four student 
tables on each side has been found useful. The reason for recommend- 
ing this style of equipment is not because it is more Hke a home kitchen 
than others. It does not seem that the school kitchen should of neces- 
sity resemble that of a home in order to guarantee good work, and, 
moreover, numbers of public school pupils use a hot plate and adjust- 
able oven at home rather than the more expensive gas range. 

Tables with hardwood tops and the two burner hot plate for each 
pupil are both serviceable and convenient. If these hot plates are made 
with a removable deflector, they are not hard to keep clean. One 
removable oven for every two pupils is needed. As for these individual 
ovens there would still seem to be much to be desired in their manu- 
facture. Even when the requisition says that they must be warranted 
to give perfect satisfaction and not burn on the bottom they do not 
alv/ays live up to the contract. However, we can say of them that 
they are better than they used to be. A large gas range with all the 
latest improvements should be added. Lockers for aprons, the requisite 
cupboards and room for storage of materials, sinks, both in the tables 
and elsewhere, supply table, and laundry tubs are also necessary. The 
individual and general equipment of utensils will vary in cost, quantity, 
and kind with the views of the purchaser. 

Such furnishing as I have suggested for a laboratory kitchen would 
cost about $1200 when put into an old building, and $1000 in a new one 
where all connections for plumbing, heating, and lighting were already 
placed with a view to its installation. This sum might be approxi- 
mately divided as follows: 

Tables and cupboards including lockers $400.00 

Hot plates and ovens 100.00 

Gas range 32.00 

Sinks, drain boards, etc 120.00 

Laundry trays 188.00 

Utensils 160.00 

Total $1000.00 

The upkeep, including all replacements, repairs, etc., may be esti- 
mated at $22.00 per year. It is interesting to note at this point that 
it is usually easier to get money for material things such as equipment 
than for the less tangible, educational needs. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 67 

Opinions differ widely as to what is the best equipment for a practice 
apartment or house. Whether it should be more expensive and elabo- 
rate than anything to be found in the neighborhood or whether it should 
set a high ideal only as regards good taste and cleanliness and be within 
financial grasp of all is still a mooted question. We have in Cleveland 
only three of these apartments as yet. Two of these are in school build- 
ings and one in a nearby cottage. The one in the cottage is very si.nple 
and cheaply furnished and could be dupKcated easily by even the poor- 
est householder in the neighborhood, but it is kept immaculately clean 
and in good repair and is a source of pride to many pupils and their 
mothers. One of the others is much more expensively furnished and 
the third one not at all as yet. It is intended, however, to preserve 
the golden mean in its equipment. 

In closing I would like to present one or two questions for your con- 
sideration. With the widening scope of Home Economics teaching 
which now includes so much more than cookery, are our school kitchens 
over-equipped? If so, how can this equipment be reduced in quantity 
and still be large enough for efficient work? Could the money now tied 
up in material things be used to better advantage in providing more 
opportunity for the mental growth of the teachers by giving them salaries 
large enough to enable them to spend more money in self-cultivation? 

(Slides were shown to illustrate the paper.) 



68 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Committee of Fifty for Journalism, Saturday, July 1, 9.30 A.M. 

Chairman: Anna Merritt East. 
Mrs. Abel presiding. 



TRAINING THE PEN TO KEEP STEP WITH THE LABORATORY 

ALICE P. NORTON 

There is an old Eastern proverb that I have often quoted when an 
unexpected number of guests appeared, "Three were invited; here come 
nine; water the soup that all may dine." 

When I recall my first conversation with Miss East in regard to a 
Journalism session, and then received her completed program, I was 
reminded of the old saying. Let us hope that the soup was strong 
enough in the first place so that there will be enough to go around with- 
out too great dilution. 

Training the pen to keep step with the laboratory means, first of all, 
that each student should be able not only to carry on a laboratory experi- 
ment, but to record it in clear, concise, definite terms. 

It is not many years since only a few scientists were able to formulate 
their results in terms that adequately conveyed their meaning. There 
has been a great improvement in this respect, but there is need of still 
further training, especially in the ability to make clear the distinction 
between essential and less important points ; to make an orderly arrange- 
ment of material; and to express the meaning in clear, concise, correct 
English. 

Further than this we need to teach our students, to say nothing of 
ourselves, to translate scientific results into the terms of the housekeeper. 
The student should learn to carry directly over into the home and its 
work conclusions from scientific research, and to interpret scientific re- 
sults into non-technical language. This is a difficult task. So long as 
we confine ourselves to technical terms the responsibility for understand- 
ing those terms lies with the reader. When we interpret, the responsi- 
bility lies with us. 

Not only must this interpretation be correct, but it must be put in a 
form to reach the people. We are too afraid of "popular work." We 
forget the simple, effective lectures of such men as Huxley and Tyndal. 

I should like to make the suggestion that each student of home econom- 
ics have one or two definite problems in such interpretation; that she 



1916] THE ANmJAL MEETING 69 

be asked to record some laboratory experiment, not necessarily her own 
work, first in scientific terms, and then in a form that would make it 
intelligible, interesting, and attractive to the woman who might use the 
results. This does not mean "writing down" to the housekeeper, for 
that must always be avoided. 

There is an opportunity for home economics women in journalism. 
At present this opportunity must be met by training home economics 
students in journalism rather than by expecting journalists to become 
proficient in home economics. The initiative must come from the 
Schools of Home Economics, not from the Schools of Journalism. Miss 
Barrows and I called the other day upon the head of one of the best 
known of such schools. He professed himself much interested in home 
economics work for his women students, but said that they would not 
consider taking the home economics courses, and that they were not 
attracted by "that type of work." We soon found that his idea of 
home economics journalism went no farther than the woman's page in 
the daily newspaper. 

The home economics woman who goes into newspaper work must 
make up her mind that she may have to fight for her rights. One of 
the most successful of such writers told me that her copy was all read 
and "improved" by a young man, her inferior in training, and with no 
knowledge of her subject. Yet this should only mean an incentive to 
further effort on the part of the writer, and a renewed resolution on 
the part of the teacher to train her students in a thorough experimental 
knowledge of the subject, and in the power to effectively express that 
knowledge. 

I should like to give you each a little practice in writing. We are in 
great need of news for the Journal of Home Economics. We do not want 
statements such as frequently are sent us — "The meeting at Ithaca was 
very interesting," "Mrs. So and So gave a delightful paper," but we 
should like to know something definite about the work which each one 
of you is doing, something that you would like to know about each other's 
work. We can secure comparatively easily the papers and more formal 
part of meetings, but we do not know all the interesting things that 
you have been saying to each other. 

Please each before you leave the room write a news item, leave it as 
you go, and we will promise you a live news page in the Journal. 



70 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 
THE EDITOR'S BLUE PENCIL 

ANNA BARROWS 
Teachers College, New York City 

For several years I have labored diligently to accomplish just such 
a meeting as this, therefore far be it from me to say anything that 
would discourage a closer relation between this organization and the 
editors of the land. 

Home economics in its broadest sense does not occupy the position 
it should in our periodical literature. The responsibility for this con- 
dition of affairs may be laid to this Association, and to the editor's 
blue pencil. 

If we did our duty as home economics teachers, we should be endeav- 
oring to reach not merely the tens in our class rooms, but the hundreds 
through the popular extension lecture, and still more the thousands 
v/ho may never read our books or even our bulletins, but who may be 
reached through the daily, weekly, or monthly printed page. 

Because of ten years editorial experience and a longer period of writing 
for many types of regular publications I may be able to indicate some 
of the places where editors and this Association need to ''get together." 

No doubt we teachers try to teach too much when we write even a 
short article; our words are technical, our phrases pedantic, and our plan 
of work savors too much of the school-room and too Httle of every-day 
life. That is why the editor's blue pencil cuts our article short or de- 
clines it in favor of one by the "practical woman" or even for the cure- 
all offered by the one who knows so little of the subject that she thinks, 
and even by her enthusiasm persuades the editor, that she knows it 
all. 

How are we to learn to tell in simple strong words the things that we 
know are essential to create and maintain better homes? We must 
do this to hold in check the increasing number of women who are seek- 
ing notoriety with insufficient preparation in either the training school 
or in real living, or those who are being adroitly used by advertisers 
to introduce new goods. 

The editor's blue pencil must help us find the way: and everyone of 
us who have tried to do this work owes much to the kindly help of the 
editors with whom we have come in contact. 

What have we a right to demand of the editor's blue pencil? Surely 
that it be properly trained for its duties. At present it is an inefficient 



1>^16] THE ANNUAL MEETING 71 

tool; there are few editorial pencils capable of editing the simplest 
article on household processes. Would a bookkeeper be employed who 
did not know the multiplication table? Yet any woman's page or 
periodical will afford instances like the following: 

A recipe for date gingerbread containing f of a cup of New Orleans 
molasses has "2 level teaspoonfuls of soda in | cup of boiling water." 
A pupil in a grammar school cookery class would know better than that. 
Further in the same article is a recipe for date puffs, where only one 
teaspoon of baking powder and no eggs are used with one pint of milk 
and flour to make a drop batter. Can you see them puf? 

Here is a lesson in breadmaking for a bride given in the heart to heart 
style so dear to the average editor: The yeast cake "smells spoiled" 
altogether "impossible for particular people to eat! But she must 
accept it on faith, for that is its natural state of being." Then milk 
and yeast are poured into a little well in the flour and more flour is 
added until it looks as if you could manage it with your hands, then 
out on the board. "Yes, it's terribly wet in places, and lumpy and 
inclined to stick, but just be brave and go ahead." 

Several years ago a New York daily awarded a prize for "the best 
original recipe for the chafing dish to one taken verbatim from a cook- 
book which had been the leading one before the public for twenty 
years. This displayed a fine acquaintance with the literature of the 
subject did it not? 

Yet, we must not expect too much, for similar errors escape the blue 
pencil elsewhere. For example, in a recent number of one of the "ladies" 
magazines we read of Hiawatha on her wedding journey. In another 
periodical for women a story of Alice Brown's in several places refers 
to the "cool green" of the heroine's sun umbrella while in the pictures 
it is a brilliant red ! 

The magnetic influence of the counting room on the editor's blue 
pencil is everywhere too apparent. This is evident in two directions: 

First, the effort to tacitly indorse the products of good advertisers. Let 
me quote from a letter from a conscientious editor, "the Com- 
pany have sent us the enclosed recipes. These do not, of course, men- 
tion any brand of but are suggested merely because they en- 
courage the use of it. If you approve of these recipes as they stand we 
will incorporate them into one of your articles, but if you do not, of 
course we will decline to use them." In many offices they would have 
been "incorporated" without consultation. 



72 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

The other way in which the business end influences the editor's 
choice of material is after all perhaps the fault of ourselves and the 
class of women we represent. Thousands of letters come to the edi- 
tors mainly from women who do not want to think at all. How many 
of us write to correct or object if not to inquire. 

One of our members wrote me once regarding the editor in chief of 
the paper with which she was then connected: "His idea of a home maga- 
zine is to have it chuck full of recipes. This he calls being 'homey,' 
and unfortunately the little young housekeeper, who desires to slip 
along as easily as possible, is the one who writes to him." 

Any one who has given demonstration lectures in different sections 
realizes how impossible it is to make a recipe that shall fit the ranges 
and fuels and utensils and materials in a hundred different kitchens. 
We must give general formulas and principles and show women how to 
adapt the materials at their hand to the conditions. The editor ex- 
pects a recipe to be a sort of paper pattern, and aims to satisfy the de- 
mand for new recipes and wishes no explanations. Not long ago I 
worked out a series of recipes reducing them to a common denomina- 
tor in amounts of material, and showed how the custards of long ago 
were the foundation of those of the present day. Yet this was headed 
up a dozen "new" custards or something to that effect. The zeal 
with which paper bags were exploited, showed the desire for newness. 
The fireless cookers have had more merit. Through over doing true 
eflSciency is likely to suffer by the writings of those who know little 
of real work. 

The billows of froth or soapsuds of the average woman's page, yes 
even of the long established magazines, do not appeal to thinking women, 
but they do not take the trouble to tell the editors so. 

Yet this is not recognized in the editor's sanctum. 

Again let me quote from an editor's letter. ''Will you please work 
over the ideas, emphasizing the important points by a series of incidents 
from your own experience. You must have hundreds of happenings 
from which to select. The best of these gathered together and cloaking 
the main points you wish to make should develop into a very readable 
article. There is no danger of making it too personal." Yet this was 
not to be a popular article for the general reader but "a helpful article 
for the young, inexperienced extension workers!" Why cloak or exploit 
one's audiences under such conditions? 

Many teachers are deterred from writing for popular journals because 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 73 

they are made to say something entirely different from their knowledge 
and belief. In one case I quoted from Dr. Hutchison, considering that 
initials were unnecessary. The blue pencil thought I did not know 
how to spell and inserted an "n" and to make sure of correctness wrote 
"Woods" before the surname! Where proofs are shown in ample sea- 
son the author has a chance to correct such revisions, but when one is 
a week's journey away errors cannot always be caught. Not long ago 
I trusted to a blue pencil because it was in the hands of a home economics 
graduate. My copy (I have learned to keep a duplicate) read: "To 
each cup of milk allow 2 tablespoons of butter and flour. This is for 
ordinary white sauce. For soups these amounts of butter and flour 
will serve for a quart, unless we desire a thick soup, etc." 

In the magazine it read " . . . . will serve for a quart when 
we desire a very thick soup." So I get the credit of making a soup 
very thick with 2 tablespoons of flour to the quart of liquid. 

To sum up let me say: the editor's blue pencil should serve to inter- 
pret but it has not the right to change and misinterpret the author, 
nor has it the moral right to gull the people by giving them a stone, or 
worse yet soapsuds, instead of bread. 

Mrs. Jessamine Chapman Williams: Many who are working in home 
economics laboratories burn with a desire to tell the things they have 
learned and believe to be of value to the housekeeper, but some do not 
know how to do this, at least in the way the editor wishes it done. 
I know of a conscientious, careful, scientific teacher who with a dozen 
trained students worked out, not long ago, a number of diets for a child 
who cannot take milk. These menus would have been very suggestive 
to the mother who has such a problem to face, but this teacher did not 
have the courage to put that excellent piece of practical work into 
printed form because she feared the blue pencil. Most of us who are 
working in the laboratories fear that we do not know how to dress up 
the corners of truth to suit the public. Can the editors help us by 
giving domestic science workers some little encouragement to submit 
the knowledge that they are trying to gain in the class room and in 
the laboratory, and by telKng in some way the form in which they wish 
it? I wonder if they could tell us for what the blue pencil is used most 
and give us a code of don'ts by which we can avoid some of the rocks 
and some of the knocks that we receive. 



74 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 
Helen Louise Johnson: 

When you have a thought that is happy, 
Boil it down; make it short and snappy; 
Make your meaning plain, expressive so 
He who reads will know, not guess it; 
Then again, ere you address it, boil it down. 

That is the first thing — boil it down; then the blue pencil would 
not be used so frequently. Blessed is he that maketh short speeches. 

The next thing is the need of expression. The editor says: "Put it 
over; get it to the people." There is no use in having these wonderful 
thoughts if you cannot get them through to the reader and make them 
effective. I would commend to those desiring to write, a little sentence 
by Dr. Vincent in which he speaks of a certain gathering of teachers 
as a "mob of mobile maidens meditating matrimony." Of course we 
may not like it, but it sticks. 

The male editor of the woman's magazine often gets his ideas of the 
desires and the needs of women from his wife. She may know nothing 
at all about household economics and not be interested in the problems 
that we are presenting, yet he says to us: "I know what women want 
better than you do. On the other hand we are beginning to believe 
that the things cut out by the blue pencil are the things that women 
desire. My quarrel with the blue pencil is the same quarrel that has 
already been expressed — its power of misinterpretation. We should 
enter a vigorous protest against the editor who takes a perfectly logical 
article and by his blue pencil makes it say something the author never 
expected it to say. 



OUR WRITING LABORATORY— THE PAPERS 

HARRY R. o'bRIEN 

Assistant Professor of Journalism, Iowa State College of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 

Ever since journalistic work for home economics students was estab- 
lished at Iowa State College in 1913, each succeeding semester has seen 
more and more girls taking the work, until during the one just past, some 
60 were registered in one or more courses. This work is elective and we 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 75 

believe that it has been successful because of the method we have used 
to make it seem interesting and worth while. 

Our semester course is opened with a few lectures on news values and 
news writing and along with them go a series of exercises which we have 
worked out. Then just as soon as the students can write a news story, 
we put them to writing what we call home economic news, stories about 
what is new in the field of home economics, things of interest and value 
to the woman in the home, new ideas from the college laboratories — 
and a thousand and one other things. The story must have news value 
first of all. These stories are small at first, but soon we try longer ones, 
bigger ideas, and so we work into the longer feature story. 

In judging the story written, we ask if it is worth while for the editor 
of some magazine, if there is information in it that would be of value to 
the readers of some paper. If it does not answer these two tests, it is 
rejected, no matter how interesting or well written it may be. The 
instructors reject or accept just as the editor of the magazine would do. 

But we are not satisfied with writing the story. If it is found good, it 
must be prepared according to the best standards of copy and submitted 
to the magazine that would be most likely to use it. This may be 
either the woman's page of some farm paper or a woman's magazine. 
No credit is given the student for his term's work until a certain number 
of stories have been typewritten and put in the mailbox. We do not 
require that the story be accepted, but only that it be submitted. 

Are these stories accepted by the editors or are they found to be mere 
amateur writing, exercises, themes? During the past year, taking 
into account the agricultural students, who are given exactly the same 
course but in different sections, we have sold stories to at least 26 dif- 
ferent farm papers and magazines. These range from the Ladies' Home 
Journal and the Country Gentleman to the Iowa Homestead and the 
Missouri Ruralist. 

The editors have been glad to pay good money for these stories 
when they found them acceptable. One student has made some $70 
from one magazine since January 1 of this year. The students work 
because they get results. To see their articles in type and to get dol- 
lars for them is the best incentive I know. We put as much life into our 
studies as we can. Our motto is that we shall not get into a rut. We 
believe that the only difference between the rut and the grave is that 
the rut is longer. 



76 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

WHY THE BUSINESS WORLD NEEDS EXPERTS WHO CAN 

WRITE 

GRACE R. WILMOT 

Interior Decorator, New York City 

With your permission I am going to present the subject assigned to 
me by our chairman from the view point of one connected with the ad- 
vertising department of a large corporation. 

I have watched closely for some time tlie reading matter that has ap- 
peared in the different women's magazines and the women's pages in 
the newspapers relating to the home. Many of these claim to give prac- 
tical advice to the reader. At different times I have made a "John 
Doe" inquiry to satisfy myself that the writer of these articles had real 
technical knowledge of value. I can assure you that some of the replies 
were astonishing. Estimating the replies from an expert view the con- 
clusion was reached that frequently the writer had no real knowledge of 
the subject he had undertaken. He may have been one who, in trying to 
gather material for a story, had gathered advertising matter for his back- 
ground. He may have made a readable story, but how about the 
value of his facts? People often come to the bureau to gather our 
printed matter for this purpose. 

Articles dealing with facts need those facts correctly presented. Pe- 
riodicals publishing these articles expect them to be reliable. They have 
no system of censoring the many articles that they publish except for 
their literary value. Readers of these articles look to them as educa- 
tional and they should not be misled. Many of them have been, as my 
mail testifies. How is this to be remedied? 

Some time ago in a thrifty spirit I tried some ten cent recipes that were 
published in one of our magazines. They were made of apples mostly, 
but every one of these cost me at least twenty-five cents in New York 
where apples were selling for five cents apiece. These recipes were all 
right but the article must have been written by some one who lived where 
apples were plenty or picked up from the ground. In most cases the 
consumption of gas alone is quite an item. I used gas for cooking and 
this added materially to the original cost. This is the question : Why 
was there no allowance made for different conditions and why mention 
the price at all if it was not possible to make such an estimate and main- 
tain this cost in all localities? 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 77 

Again I wanted to make a sweater and an article appealed to me as 
being reasonable. I wrote to find the name of the wool used. I found 
that the wool recommended had not been manufactured for five years. 
As this article gave directions for knitting and the number of stitches 
necessary you can see if you have ever used the different yarns how 
utterly valueless it was. 

In another instance a woman living in a small town had written 
to a magazine, which offered expert advice in interior decoration, for a 
formula to paint a varnished floor. She followed it to the letter with 
the result that the paint was flaking off by the square inch. What was 
the matter? The formula included no preparatory treatment of the 
floor before using the paint. 

I could give many more instances where the same thing occurred and 
it would seem as if it created a condition that would have to be met in 
some way. The question is how is it best met? Should it be individu- 
ally by the writer or should periodicals that disseminate practical ad- 
vice organize a department for the censorship of its editorial matter? 

There is a great need for this even in the business field. All adver- 
tising matter in our own business is carefully scrutinized by experts. 
Connected with this department is a large service bureau of interior 
decoration of which I am the practical head. This is conducted on edu- 
cational lines as far as possible. It is broad in its scope, since the 
service or advice which emanates from it does not begin and end with 
the Company's product. It includes the recognition of the excellent 
qualities of many competing products. 

All advice which goes out from this bureau must be based on an inti- 
mate working knowledge of the material recommended. In other words 
it must be practical advice. This is necessary to inspire confidence and 
add to its patronage. It also maintains a laboratory where tests are 
constantly made by trained experts, so all the advice given can be re- 
lied upon, and, as this bureau is widely advertised and its service abso- 
lutely free and consultation solicited, we have a large service. 

Our experts have been educated by the Company and at their ex- 
pense. Why could not this supply be filled by the colleges? The home 
economics departments have sent out trained students for expert serv- 
ice but their curriculum is limited. As far as they have covered the 
field they have done well. 

There is so much in management of the home that is daily being trans- 
ferred to the feminine contingent, and woman is more and more assuming 



78 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

the problems that were once exclusively the man's. The woman is 
becoming the economic factor in her home, and her training does not 
begin and end with her cooking and sewing. My own correspondence 
shows me that women run the farm, paint the buildings, decorate the 
interior of the house, buy the rugs and furniture, and countless other 
things. They gather their knowledge from some questionable sources 
and this is the best they can do. 

Remotely situated they eagerly take the advice offered by some article 
in some periodical. It is this class of people that should be supplied 
with expert advice. How much of this can the colleges supply? Where 
can the material for these articles in magazines be found? 



HOW UNCLE SAM WRITES 

C. F. LANGWORTHY 

Chief, Office of Home Economics, States Relations Service, United States Department of Agriculture 

Uncle Sam is a generic rather than a specific term, and so I am going 
to limit the subject to the work of the Department of Agriculture, and 
more particularly to that with which I am more familiar. It is a fact 
in preparing material for government publication that accuracy must be 
considered first; the interest of the subject is also considered; clarity of 
expression is insisted upon; an article must have suitability if it is to 
have any sort of publication except the very limited one of some highly 
technical articles which have suitability for the purposes for which they 
are designed. We try to have uniformity in articles belonging to the 
same series of publications so that we may not get a highly technical 
article in a popular kind of publication. 

There are many different types of publication in the Department of 
Agriculture, and these publications are free or for sale as the case may 
be. There are books, of which the Yearbook and some technical reports 
are examples; periodicals, ranging in kind from the Experiment Station 
Record, which is a technical abstract journal, to the Journal of Agricul- 
tural Research which is like any other technical and scientific journal. 
There are also periodicals like the Crop Reporter which serve a limited 
yet very great use; and the Weekly News Letter which contains short 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 79 

summaries and is sent out by the Ofl&ce of Information which tries to 
put the Department material in form available for the use of the press. 

My belief is that editors are only too ready to use material which more 
or less perfectly meets some of the requirements I have outlined. It is 
encouraging to find that they will publish them without those changes 
which will destroy them. Another reason, that leads me to think they 
will accept articles is that they quite often take our bulletins or parts 
of them, put them in quotation marks with an introduction, and some- 
times with a signature, which would lead one to believe that it had been 
prepared especially for them. Not infrequently we find ourselves au- 
thors of articles which we had never prepared for the paper but which 
are made up of excerpts from our bulletins. 

I would be glad if we could return to the plain, simple speech that all 
people can understand. We must not forget that good, easy reading is 
as much desired as ever. 

The main points that I want to make are that we do try to be honest 
and accurate in our publications. We sometimes make mistakes but 
are glad to correct them. The Department gets a good deal of valuable 
material from the experience of housekeepers and others. 

Much has been said about the editor. We are permitted in the De- 
partment, under restrictions, to sell material and sometimes we are 
permitted to give it away. Our materials, after we write them, become 
almost impersonal; they go everywhere in the Department; suggestions 
are made, and if these are constructive they are welcome; if they are 
good they are used and if they are wrong they are not used. My experi- 
ence in publication outside of the Department has on the whole been 
very pleasant. I have received courtesy, and have had an opportunity 
to discuss changes if they were suggested. Constructive criticism is 
the sort I have received. 



CHARTING YOUR WAY 

GEO. E. FARRELL 

Assistant in Boys and Girls Club Work, United Stales Department of Agriculture 

The chart has come to be recognized as one of the tools of the exten- 
sion worker, and I believe as extension work grows and matures we shall 
think of the chart as part of the demonstration equipment that makes 



80 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

the work of the demonstrator a little more effective. The first page or 
the opening page of the chart should tell the story. It should not only 
introduce the speaker but it should tell the audience what the speaker 
wants to do. The chart outlines the talk for the speaker. If you gave 
a single talk 368 times in a year, as I have done, you would know that 
it gets stale, but the chart holds one to the subject, and I like it because 
it distinctly outlines what the speaker has to say. I think much of the 
misunderstanding that has arisen between the extension worker and the 
subject matter department has come not from any willful violation on 
the part of the extension worker, but rather from saying it over and over 
and over again; we have drifted into new and probably untried fields. 
The chart does not permit that thing. When we have worked over 
the material with the subject matter department and determined upon 
the things that shall and shall not be said, then it is easy enough to follow. 
I want to call your attention to the fact that the letters used on the 
charts in our work are of the same thickness of line throughout. They 
can be read from any part of the room. They are a special type made 
for the purpose. They were first made by a manufacturing concern 
because after experiment with type work they found that this type 
brought the message further and made it easier to read than any other 
kind. The letters come in sizes No. 1, 1| inches; No. 2, If inches; 
No. 3 a little over 2 inches; and a still larger size. 



BALANCING MENUS FOR PRINT 

LENNA F. COOPER 
Head Dietitian, Battle Creek Sanitarium 

To the writer on food topics there are several questions which are of 
the utmost importance. First, do women readers want information on 
such technical subjects as food constituents and menu-making? Sec- 
ond, are they a sufficiently intelligent group to comprehend such instruc- 
tion? Third in what terms shall it be given them? 

In answer to the first question there is absolutely no doubt. Any 
lecturer or writer whose work is with women knows that the one thing 
they are asking for most of all is an answer to what shall I feed my family 
or what are the essentials of a well-balanced menu? 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 81 

The second question seems a little more difl&cult to answer, especially 
if we take the attitude of the editorial world as a criterion. The time 
was when "protein" and "calories" were as Greek not only to the 
housewife, but to the average writer as well. Within the last ten years 
the high schools all over the country have been turning out thousands 
of women who have had courses of study in foods and food preparation. 
All such courses have included instruction in the various food constitu- 
ents, protein, fats, and carbohydrates, and most of them have also in- 
cluded food values in terms of calories. Shall these thousands of women 
have no further help from the magazine world, simply because their 
mothers have been less fortunate in not receiving such technical 
information? 

Are we to suppose that the mother because she has not had training 
in the school room but is working daily with foodstuffs is not capable of 
grasping the most elementary kind of education regarding her daily 
business? Does not her husband, the farmer, know animal foodstuffs 
sufficiently well to scientifically feed his live stock? Is she less capable 
of learning than he? Only a few decades ago the answer to this ques- 
tion would have been a disputed one; now woman takes her place 
unquestionably in the educational world beside her brother. How, 
when, and where is this untrained but teachable woman to receive the 
elementary instruction that her small daughter is now receiving in the 
grammar grades? Does she not look to the magazine and to the daily 
paper for her information along almost every line? They are the only 
text books of the average woman after she leaves the school room. 
She pays for this medium of instruction and it would seem that she 
has a right to expect sound reliable information. 

In answer to the third question, "In what terms shall this information 
be given them?" we have perhaps a more difficult problem. The writer 
is confronted by the fact that even though a large percentage of the 
young housewives are familiar with the simple food terms, there still re- 
mains a large class of women to whom they are unfamiliar. Both classes 
are readers of the same magazines. Hence the material must be in such 
form that the untrained woman can comprehend it. The writer must 
either educate the woman or continue to write as if for a kindergarten, 
so to speak. Undoubtedly the kindergarten method is the way to be- 
gin, but must we always continue in this fashion? Have we not arrived 
at the stage when other methods may be introduced? Surely the ma- 
ture woman is not so dull a scholar that a few of the simplest terms are 



82 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

unsurmoimtable. Must we still continue to give her "protein" for 
instance, sugar coated and in disguise? If so when will she ever rise 
beyond the kindergarten stage of reading? Only about one century ago 
oxygen was discovered and named. For a long time its exact nature 
was unknown even to the scientists. How preposterous it would have 
been for those familiar with it to have refused to call it by name, but to 
have called it by such terms as " dephlogisticated air" as it was called 
at one time. Even though it is a substance which cannot be seen or 
handled, it is now a household word the importance of which as a con- 
stituent of fresh air is quite generally understood. The word "protein" 
describes just as definite a substance as oxygen and one which is as 
easily comprehended. The same is true of carbohydrate, calories, and 
other terms. Until the present housewife is familiar with such terms it 
will probably be necessary to continue to give our material in the simplest 
form, but accompanied by the names of the entities we are describing. 

The following outline is suggestive as a basis for classification of food- 
stuffs at the present time: 

Muscle formers (protein rich): lean meat and fish, eggs, milk and 
cheese, nuts, legumes (dried beans and peas). 

Fuel foods (fats and carbohydrates) : fats and oils, grains and grain 
products, sweets, potatoes. 

Body regulators (mineral matter, cellulose, vitamines): fruits and 
vegetables. 

This classification emphasizes the use of the food constituents in a 
very broad sense and at the same time introduces the names. From my 
experience in talking with housewives, I am sure that they very readily 
learn such a classification. The five important sources of protein are 
quickly grasped. With these in mind it is only a step to comprehend 
the fact that practically all other food constituents are used as a source 
of heat, and other forms of energy with the exception of a comparatively 
small portion which have the general office of body regulator. 

Having progressed thus far, she surely can be given such simple in- 
struction in menu making as the following: 

1. Provide one protein-rich diet per meal. 

2. Provide at least one body regulator for each meal, with two or 
more for dinner. 

3. Provide fuel foods to make up the rest of the meal. 

While it is probably impractical to attempt to exactly "balance" a 
family menu as to quantity, yet it does seem that there are certain aver- 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 83 

ages which might serve somewhat as a guide, at least to such an extent 
that the housewife might know that for a family of sedentary occupa- 
tions, the bulk of the diet should not be made up of fat rich foods which 
would greatly exceed the caloric requirement. No doubt the ball which 
Lusk has started rolling will sometime reach its goal and we shall buy 
our goods labelled with the calories of the contents as a part of the pure 
food requirement. Such a move will undoubtedly be welcomed by the 
journalist as it will afford a new source of material, for the housewife 
will then have to be educated to the fact that calories are not the only 
standard of food value. 



FILLING THE GAP— HOW TO COVER THE DISTANCE 

BETWEEN THE DOMESTIC SCIENCE EXPERT 

AND THE EDITOR 

Letters were read from James E. Tower, Managing Editor of the De- 
signer who said that editors are looking for writers who understand 
technical subjects; and from Janet McKenzie Hill, Edtor of the Bos- 
ton Cooking School Magazine, who wrote as follows: "There is a big field, 
not yet sufficiently cultivated for those having training in home economics, 
in the household magazines, daily newspapers, government and university 

bulletins Those who wish to make a success along these 

lines should study English, rhetoric, and psychology. They should 
also know of what they write by experience in actually doing the me- 
chanical things which are described in their copy." 

This subject was discussed by a number of persons as follows: 

Edward W. Bok. There never was a time when so many intelligent 
housewives were so thoroughly ready to receive the message that domes- 
tic science has for them. But the occasion finds the domestic science 
expert absolutely incapable of translating that message in a way that 
the average housewife can understand. In other words, the time is ripe : 
the women are there and hungry to receive, but the woman who can tell 
them what they want to know in a way that they can understand it is 
not here. She can write very glibly about percentages that mean only 
confusion, about calories, proteins, and carbohydrate that she herself 
cannot make clear, but apparently she cannot tell what she has learned 



84 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

in simple, understandable language. And until she can do this, and 
forget her technicalities, the message and the woman who needs it will 
not be brought together. And the domestic science expert, so far as the 
great public is concerned, might just as well stop writing. She is wasting 
her own time and that of editors. 

Arthur T. Vance, Editor Pictorial Review. It is a perplexing topic. 
I take it to mean "How can an editor get information from the domestic 
science expert which will be of practical value, and interesting enough 
for the readers to read?" I am going to be honest about it. I do not 
know how. I wish I did. Frankly speaking, I have never had much 
luck in getting really practical information from the so-called domestic 
science expert, and what is more, I don't know of any other magazine 
that has ever solved the problem. For instance, we had one "expert" — 
and one of the best-known in the country — ^plan an "inexpensive Christ- 
mas dinner" for four people. It was very interesting and pleasing to 
read. But this dinner for four people living in a suburban town, actu- 
ally cost $24.00 to prepare, or $6.00 a person. Another cooking expert 
was trying to tell our readers how to broil lamb-chops. She started out 
by saying, "First of all, rub salt over the chops before you put them on 
the fire." Even a man knows that rubbing salt on raw meat only serves 
to draw all the juices out of it when cooking. And so it goes. 

This is not necessarily a reflection on the domestic science experts. 
They probably know what they are talking about, but like experts in 
any line of endeavor, it is difficult for them to tell what other people 
want to know. They don't seem to like to get down to fundamentals. 
They like to theorize too much; to write about comparative food values; 
to plan more or less ethereal housekeeping systems, and all that sort of 
thing, instead of telling the average housekeeper practical ways and 
means to make her work easier and how she can prepare three substan- 
tial, appetizing meals a day, without wasting her money. 

I do not think the domestic science pages in the average woman's 
magazine are as good as they ought to be, and possibly that is the reason 
why so many of the magazines to-day have fallen back on recipes. 
It is almost a confession of failure on their part, for any good cook 
book — and you can buy plenty of them for the price of a year's sub- 
scription to a woman's magazine — gives you more recipes than any maga- 
zine could in five years. 

You see I am trying to be honest about this situation. I think our 
household departments are as good as any, and they are getting better 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 85 

every month. But they are still not good enough, so if this little article 
comes to the attention of any domestic science expert, or any plain, 
ordinarily good housekeeper who can solve this editorial problem for 
me, I wish she would write me at once. We have lots of money here at 
our office to spend on a really practical, common-sense housekeeping 
department. But it must be founded on common sense, and the writer 
must not call herself a "domestic science expert." The average house- 
wife is scared and dismayed at the title itself. 

And yet these "experts" know a lot of things that every housewife 
ought to know. The problem is how to get said experts to tell the 
reader these essential things so that she can understand them — in other 
words, to put themselves in the place of the average housewife who reads 
our magazines. It is a mighty hard thing to do, because Mrs. Smith's 
problem is not Mrs. Jones,' and Mrs. Brown's problem is again entirely 
different. 

It will be necessary to leave out most of the theory, and chop directly 
at the knot instead of hacking all around it. There must be less talk 
about scientific theories on which no two experts agree, balanced menus 
which no one wants to eat, comparative food values which may be good 
for one man and poison for another, and all that sort of thing, at which 
the average housewife, as I know her, throws up her hands in dismay, 
and then goes back to the good old-fashioned cook book for what she 
really wants to know. 

Catharine MacKay, Iowa State College of Agriculture. — The one 
point that I feel should be guarded against in this whole journalistic work 
is the tendency of some teachers of journalism, in asking the students to 
get the news, to overemphasize the newsiness of the article with the 
result that the student sometimes writes sensational rather than newsy 
articles. We all are familiar with the presentation and interpretation 
of events in the "newsy" item in a way that has caused a good deal of 
embarrassment. Actual truth too often has been sacrificed to newsi- 
ness. Yet I do not believe there is anything which so trains our stu- 
dents in talking, as well as in presenting the articles in an effective 
way in the magazine and newspaper, as the course in journalism. 

Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois. — I have never filled any of these 
gaps between the domestic science experts and the editor. I do not 
know how to do it; I do not know that the gap has been filled, but I do 
still believe that the general principle holds in writing, which I have 



86 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

found fairly successful in speaking, that if you can really say what you 
have to say people will listen to it, and when we have learned that 
method it seems to me we will have solved the problem. 

Marie Sellers, Home Department Editor, The Country Gentleman. — 
The farm magazine is quite different from the general home magazine 
in that we always have to keep in mind the farm woman. Of course 
there is interest in it for the general reader too, but we work for the 
woman on the farm, and there are all kinds of farm women. The 
trained writer is more likely to be a city person than a country person, 
and does not know country conditions. We are doing extension work. 
The magazine reaches thousands of people, and in journalism, just as 
in extension work, the personal touch is needed. 



PLANNING MY MAGAZINE 

LEONARDA GOSS 
Editor of the Farmer's Wife, St. Paul, Minnesota 

In planning my magazine I have just two purposes. I wish to 
make it practical and inspirational. 

This means that I must know the women it reaches — know their needs 
and their ideals. I can be no desk editor sitting complacently in my 
office with the fixed idea that I know "what women want." I must 
spend much of my time among the actual readers of The Farmer^ s Wife, 
studying them, watching their reactions, their modes of expression and 
response. I dare not be static, for they are kinetic and changing. In 
other words I must, in both a literal and a figurative sense, keep close 
to the soil and at the same time see the hills and sky. Unless I do both 
these things I shall be creating a magazine for farm women as fiction and 
tradition have represented them; as my memory pictures them, when 
years ago I lived on the farm — in short as I think they should be rather 
than as they are. Then my magazine could be neither practical nor 
inspirational. 

When I know this farm woman I shall meet with her in the spirit of 
truth. Carlyle has declared that sincerity is the single touchstone of 
a man's character. It is also the touchstone of a magazine's permanency 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 87 

and reality. It is the rock on which the farm papers are builded. You 
cannot look into the clear eyes of a child and deal with them evasively. 
No more can the editor of a farm paper which is going into the hands of 
people who live without pretense or fraud, people whose hearts are as 
honest as their minds — fill her publication with the "bunk" and the shop- 
made absurdities that crowd the pages of many magazines. 

I must have a fixed editorial ideal, one founded on respect and honor 
for the women I serve. I must not make my decisions in this supercilious 
wise: "Of course this manuscript is trash; but it is what women want, 
so let's go to it!" Nor must my editorial policy be chameleon-like, 
changing its color month by month. If I am truly guided by a knowl- 
edge of farm women I shall honor those women so profoundly that my 
purpose never wavers: it shall be the purpose of humble service. My 
magazine, to fill that ideal, must not love to trick itself out in fine clothes; 
it must strive to have character — character founded on sincerity. 

Such an editorial ideal will be cognizant of the complete womanhood 
of its reader. It will be keenly aware of her practical problems in the 
kitchen, the barnyard, the poultry yard, the vegetable garden, at the 
sewing machine, in the shops, at the creamery and the grocery, in the 
sick room and with the child at her knee. It will strive to be concrete, 
remembering that the young, inexperienced homemaker who needs 
definite details, not generalities, is among the number who turn trustingly 
to its pages; it will keep in mind the older housekeeper who needs only 
a suggestion or two on which her experience may act. It will try to 
give her accurate, scientific knowledge but it must give this knowledge 
of the expert in terms of the layman, not of the technician. 

It is at this point the editor needs the heartiest, most unselfish, coop- 
eration of you who are experts in the science of homemaking. You 
must tell us what our homemakers need to know and be patient with 
us, when we tell you, from our intimate knowledge of them, how our 
homemakers must have this knowledge translated. You and we must 
interpret the laboratory simply and clearly — yet without the "soft 
pedagogics" of the magazine that would entirely popularize the teachings 
of science. 

The magazine which takes into account the complete womanhood of 
its clientele will consider more than practical work-a-day needs. It will 
look understandingly into its reader's deepest aspirations and help her 
to interpret and act out her half-defined longings. It will help her to 
be truly a homemaker, a mother, a wife, a neighbor, a citizen. 



88 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

In planning my magazine, my ideals may soar with never a tail to 
their kite. I have only to glance at the product that comes each month 
from the press, to know how I fail. To the preacher who advised his 
congregation, "Do as I say and not as I do," I am in hearty sympathy. 
My remarks in this paper are merely the effort to set before you the in- 
ner purpose which finds its way but feebly into outer expression in our 
magazine. The Farmer's Wife, which with all its faults and failings, is 
dear to my heart. My only prayer is that somewhere and somehow it 
serves its readers. 



HELPING FARM HOMEMAKERS TO STUDY THEIR 

BUSINESS 

HARRIET MASON 

Associate Editor, The Ohio Farmer 

I was born a farm girl, brought up on the farm, kept house on the 
farm; I have taught in the country, the village and the high school; I 
have been a Granger, a Grange speaker, and a Grange ofl&cer; and for 
the last eighteen years I have been a farm press editor. From this, 
all-around experience, I know pretty well what the farm women 
want to know. I know what the home economics women can do for 
them. My difficulty has been chiefly the lack of time you over-worked 
home economics teachers and graduates have been able to give to the 
farm press. My difficulty has been in getting articles from you. 

For five years now we have been working with groups of neighbor- 
hood study clubs trying to help our women use the bulletins. We have 
kept in close personal touch with these clubs through our weekly page 
in the Ohio Farmer. When there were household topics on the pro- 
gram at Grange or Institute meetings the women would not get up and 
discuss them on the floor, before an audience, but they would get to- 
gether in little groups afterwards. Then there were women who could 
not go to the Institute meetings on account of small children. It 
seemed that the best way to get at these women was to start schools 
of their own in their own neighborhoods where they could easily reach 
each other's houses, and so we started these neighborhood day clubs, 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 89 

Ohio Farm Women's Clubs, at the Ohio State Grange in the fall of 1911. 
Eighteen women volunteered to go home and help. Within two weeks 
the first club was organized in Summit County. Leaders were devel- 
oped in the neighborhood; members of the clubs were farm owners' 
wives, hired men's wives, tenants' wives, everybody; the club was the 
development of the community. 

At first I tried to use the Government bulletins. We would print 
a program, and outline the subject in the Ohio Farmer. At first I 
used to publish with these outlines the titles of the bulletins, the place 
where they could be obtained, the exact pages, and the paragraphs on 
the pages that contained the information. At the end of the year I 
sent out cards asking reports on success. The invariable report was: 
"We are too busy to hunt out this information; some of our members 
do not know how to use it; can't you put it over to us in a simpler, 
more direct way?" That was their statement of the problem. The 
majority of our women on the farms are too busy, and some of them are 
too inexperienced; they don't know how to study; so it came about that 
I make my outline, have an article prepared on it by an expert, and pub- 
lish that article in the same issue with the lesson outline. 

We have clubs in 32 counties in Ohio with over 2000 members. 



PRINTING IN RESPONSE TO REQUESTS 

ELIZABETH McCRACKEN 
Editor of Home Progress, Boston, Massachusetts 

The right story at the right time, this is the modern practice with re- 
gard to children's reading. And the right time is the time when the 
child wants the particular story, or kind of story, and asks for it. The 
same rule applies to grown-ups and their reading. I have tested it in 
Home Progress — the right article at the right time; that is to say, the 
time when subscribers not only want it, but ask for it. 

To illustrate: I printed an editorial on the importance of balanced 
menus. A number of subscribers wrote, asking ''How shall we know 
when our menus are balanced?" "What shall be our standard in such 
matters?" In response to these requests I induced Dr. Langworthy to 



90 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

write an article on "Standards for Home Management in Relation to 
Food Problems," and printed it, to the great satisfaction not only of the 
subscribers who had asked the above questions, but also to that of all 
our other subscribers. Again: I printed an editorial on the value of a 
well-planned kitchen. Many subscribers wrote, asking "When is a 
kitchen well-planned?" In response to these questions I obtained and 
printed an article by G. E. Walsh, on "The Equipment of the Model 
Kitchen." 

There are two advantages in printing in response to requests: One, 
the certainty that the needs of those subscribers who so much desire help 
that they write and ask for it, have been definitely met; and the other 
that specific, rather than general treatment is given to important sub- 
jects relating to home economics, and given by authorities. 



THE POSSIBILITIES OF A WOMAN'S PAGE IN THE DAILY 

NEWSPAPERS 

EVA VON BAUER HANSL 

Editor Woman^s Page, New York Evening Sun 

I think that when the history of the woman's movement is written, 
the woman's page in the daily newspaper will not have honorable 
mention. It has not been a leader but a laggard in every effort for eman- 
cipation. In fact it needs emancipation itself. The reason for that 
is not hard to seek. When editors first gave space to woman's interest 
it was largely a concession to the advertising department, who said, 
"If you can show that you are publishing stuff for women, the adver- 
tisers will advertise things for women to buy." Nobody in the edi- 
torial department was interested; it was a concession; they did not hke 
to do it, and so they thought anybody could write that stuff, and any- 
body wrote it and it was stuff. That in some instances the woman's 
page has been put on a higher standard I think is due primarily to the 
fact that some editor has had an intelligent wife who has given him 
confidence in the higher mentality of other women. 

One of the first things we must do is really to educate managing edi- 
tors. The managing editor who has this broader view, or who has 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 91 

tried at all to write what women want, has come to the conclusion that 
only a woman can tell him, so he has turned over these pages to a 
woman who has perhaps had that broader sympathy with the attempts 
of her own sex to take up her business of home making in the most 
enhghtened way she can. Perhaps you will ask, as so many people 
do, why have a woman's page at all. It is incomprehensible to me 
that any one should question the legitimacy of including in the daily 
press the most reliable information about the business of homemaking, 
especially when we consider that there are more women working in the 
home than there are men or women working in any other one trade or 
occupation. You may ask: "Is a newspaper really the proper medium 
for this kind of information?" The evening paper is, because it goes 
back into the home; the morning paper is very often taken out. When 
you consider that, in New York City, there are over 2,160,000 daily 
newspapers sold, that whatever information is contained in that news- 
paper costs one cent, and that it is pubhshed for no less than 309 days 
in the year, you see what a splendid educational medium and power 
a woman's page can be. A daily newspaper affords as good a method 
for reaching the women who can be reached in no other way, as does 
extension teaching and the class room for dealing with many minds. 

If we are to set a new standard for women's pages and give the most 
reliable information, we need the help of the home economics workers. 
An editor is not omniscient, but is really only a medium between the ex- 
perts who know the things and the public who wants to know them. 
The business of the editors is largely to find out what the public wants 
and to find the people who can tell them; our responsibility ends in 
finding the people who are the right people, and we have to trust to them 
absolutely to give us that accurate information which after all is the 
true service. It is difficult to find that combination of home economics 
expert and journalist. 

Are we going to bridge the gap ? for there really is an excellent op- 
portunity. Of course, I think plain, simple English has not gone out of 
style yet. The trouble is that the workers in home economics have 
been so close to the subject, and know so much about it, that it is diffi- 
cult for them to put themselves in the position of the people who do 
not know anything about it. The best way is to use a regular reporter, 
for often people who cannot write can talk very well to a reporter, and 
the reporter can take down their remarks and make a good story. The 
thing we want is to be not unscientific, but non-scientific, readable, 



92 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

and chatty. I am always amused by the distinction people make 
between journalism and literature ; there are a great many of us in uni- 
versities who have taken a course in English and a course in journalism, 
and there are a great many of us who never went to schools of jour- 
nalism, and our only school was the newspaper. We read what other 
people wrote, and we sat down and wrote something very much better 
than what we read, and it was so good the editor could not turn it down. 
If some of you do not hurry up and learn to write good reading, we 
shall have to take the things that are good reading even though they 
are written by people who do not know what they are writing. I am 
looking for articles on child training, household dietetics, sanitation, 
and interior decoration; articles for the business woman, such as appeal 
primarily to a metropolitan newspaper. These should be written, not 
from the small kitchen point of view, but from that larger world 
point of view that hitches the kitchen up with the world outside; 
that makes the home the center but not the whole; that connects the 
home with the community and the state, and brings back to the 
home that intelligent interest in the work that has to be done there 
that sometimes seems to be leaving it. It is really up to the home 
economics worker to put the home into its proper place in relation to 
the individual and the community. 

Of course, it is expensive to the newspapers to have experts writing 
on this and that and the other subject, and so they resort to the syndi- 
cate—the wholesaler of the feature articles. Each newspaper pays a 
small sum, perhaps one-third, one-fifth, or one-tenth of what they would 
have to pay for an exclusive article, and the syndicate pays the writer 
50 to 75 per cent of the proceeds of the sale of her article to all the news- 
papers. This gives one, of course, a much greater audience. 

The limitations on a newspaper page are due to two things. One 
is advertising, and by that I do not mean that we are influenced by 
what the advertiser wants. Advertising hmits space, and so the articles 
can rarely be more than a few words at the most. Then too there is the 
difi&culty, in a metropolitan newspaper, of giving something to every- 
body because the city is made up of so many different kinds of people. 

I think I have pointed out a few of the infinite possibilities of the 
woman's page, all of which can be developed in individual ways. The 
woman's page has to be woman's guide, philosopher, and friend, and 
more than that, her strength and inspiration, and you are the people 
who can help us make it so. 



1916] THE ANNUAL MEETING 93 

WRITING FOR THE FAMILY OF LOW-COST STANDARDS 

FLORENCE NESBIT 

Field Supernsor, Juvenile Court, Chicago, Illinois 

This a much neglected group and one needing a great deal of help. 
It is possible for the intelligent woman of a fair education, who can 
read magazines and papers, to get for herself from the various sources 
open to her, a fairly good knowledge of the things most needed for- or- 
dering her household supplies and feeding her family properly, but 
in order to do that she must also have an income which gives her a little 
margin, say at least $1200, with the standards of living which an in- 
come of $1200 means in a city. 

But there are a great many families whose total income is only $2 or 
$3 a day; very often only a dollar and a half, and those famihes are 
being supported in cities where it costs $90 a month to buy just the 
bare necessities. There is very little literature that we can use in work- 
ing with that group of famihes, except the contributions of a few social 
workers. The children must be fed somehow; they must be clothed, and 
have some sort of a place to sleep. All of the different things that be- 
long to the home must be going on in some way in these homes. We 
need more help for them. The sort of writing that will meet the needs 
of these mothers is, of course, the very simplest kind. There are a 
great many of them who will not use a book or printed matter of any 
kind, and who must be reached by personal contact, perhaps with the 
teacher at the school, with the social worker, the club leader, or some- 
one who has more or less influence over the family life. These people 
themselves need just as much help, and the same sort of help as the 
mothers. The literature that would be adapted to the needs of the 
mother is also adapted to the needs of these other people who come in 
contact with the mother and who have had no special training. 

Another thing in which we need help is the definition of the require- 
ments of an economic standard of living. It would be an enormous 
amount of help to the whole group working with such families if every 
home economics department in the land should form some sort of a 
statement of what they feel are the very lowest requirements for a 
normal standard of living, the lowest, cheapest type of home in which 
one could with equanimity see children growing up. Even if this could 
not be reached at present, as some social workers might think, it would 
be of the greatest value to have the standard toward which one might 
work. 



94 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS AssocLATiON [December 



The following papers from the General Program have been printed 
in the Journal: 

"The Development of the House," Helen B. Young, August, 1917. 

''Practice Houses for Students in Home Economics," Isabel Ely 
Lord, April, 1917. 

"The Housing Problem," Lawrence Veiller (to be printed). 

"Public Health in the Past and in the Future," C.-E. A. Winslow, 
October, 1916. 

"Relation of Home Economics Education to Social Hygiene," James 
H. Foster, September, 1917. 

"Training Women to Earn — A National Movement," Alvin E. 
Dodd (to be printed). 

"Medium Priced Linens," Mary Schenck Woolman (to be printed). 

"The 'Penn' Family Problem," Ada Z. Fish, February, 1917. 

The paper "The Basal Energy Requirement of Man," Eugene F. 
DuBois, was printed in the Journal of the Washington Academy of 
Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 11, 1916. 



Part III of the Proceedings will contain the papers read at the 
meetings of the Institution Economics Section, and the Extension 
Section, and at the Budget Conference, with the exception of those 
published in the Journal. 



Cy 



BULLETIN 



or THE 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Application for entry as second-class matter pending at the Post OflSce at Baltimore 



Series 5 MAY, 1919 No. 1 



To the Members of the American Home Economics Association: — 

The Association through the Council has offered its services to pro- 
mote the Thrift Campaign of the Savings Division of the Treasury De- 
partment. As a member of the Association, therefore, it is hoped that 
you will cooperate in every possible way. 

The following letter to the Association from the Savings Division 
contains some very practical suggestions — ways and means in which 
assistance may be given. This work should not only prove helpful to 
the Treasury Department, but should be also of great value to your 
students. 

You have received also from the Treasury Department a copy of Ten 
Lessons in Thrift, that has been prepared by the Savings Division for 
the use of women's clubs. 

If you have any suggestions to offer, or need any further help, Mrs. 
Alice P. Norton, Editor of the Journal, is now connected with the 
Savings Division, and will be very glad to take up the matter with you. 

Very sincerely yours, 

(Signed) Edna N. White, 

President. 






\>\ 



.o,-^ • f\ 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [April 

A LETTER FROM THE SAVINGS DIVISION OF THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT TO 
THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

The American Home Economics Association, through its Council, has of- 
fered to cooperate in the Thrift Campaign undertaken by the War Savings 
Division. The Association has asked in what ways home economics workers 
in the class room, the home, or on the platform can put over thrift ideals and 
methods, and reach the results for which the Government is working. 

It is evident that there are opportunities to make this year the beginning 
of the golden age of wise living; that such opportunities are especially open to 
a body of people who for many years have been teaching principles that are 
directly applied to this campaign of thrift. 

This letter is written to suggest a few of the specific ways in which those 
trained in home economics may help in putting before every home and every 
individual the kinds of thrift that are worth while in daily living; that will give 
them an idea of proportionate costs, and show them the relation of individual 
saving to the prosperity of the community and the stabiHty of the nation. 

Those of you who are teaching will, of course, work first of all with your own 
students. See that the thrift program is presented to them. If you are an 
elementary teacher, this may be done by following some of the suggestions sent 
out by the Savings Division in National School Service; using fifteen minutes 
a week in giving a thrift lesson; introducing some thrift problems in the arith- 
metic class; using thrift stories as supplementary reading; asking the children 
to plan posters, or to think out thrift slogans; or even giving a simple thrift 
play. If you are training teachers, offer a short course this summer that wiU 
show normal students how to teach even the elementary school child a spend- 
ing plan, and that will use the child to reach the home with ideals of thrift 
and practical methods of wise spending and saving. 

Urge the department of general economics in your institution to pay especial 
attention this year to the discussion of wise spending and the theory of savings. 
Ask to have at least one or two public lectures given during the summer term, 
perhaps by a local banker or business man, so that every student may have 
an opportunity to hear what safe investment means. 

Start a thrift bureau for students. Keep it open an hour a day. Train one 
of your o^vn students to answer the simpler questions. Take care of the more 
difficult ones yourself. Students will bring problems from home, giving you an 
opportunity to help in the solution of very real and immediate problems. 

If the student thrift bureau is successful and conditions warrant it, find 
some one who will help you start a thrift information bureau for the commun- 
ity in which you live. Suggestions in regard to the method of conducting such 
a bureau may be obtained from the Savings Division. 

Teach simple ways of keeping accounts. Do not lay on the housekeeper too 
great a burden. An account for a month will give some basis for a budget plan. 



1919] LETTER FROM SAVINGS DIVISION OF TREASURY DEPARTMENT 3 

Make your own spending plan; you can hardly ask of others what you do 
not find time to do yourself. You have probably found simple and quick 
ways of getting at what you want to know. Show others how to do it. 

Suggest that the woman's club to which you belong study for part of next 
year's work "Ten Lessons in Thrift" that will soon be issued by the Savings 
Division. Leaflets on Household Thrift are in preparation by the Department 
of Agriculture and the Treasury Department and will soon be available, and 
will help in such study clubs and elsewhere. 

Offer your services as speakers to your local War Savings Directors; suggest 
other good speakers who have the necessary technical information. The best 
way to prevent the choice of ill informed speakers is to suggest good ones. 
Ask some of your graduates who have married and had practical experience 
in home making to enlist for occasional speaking. Offer a few lessons, if it be 
not more than two or three, for speakers who need more instruction as to facts. 

Try writing. Ask the local newspaper to allow you to conduct a "question 
and answer thrift column" for a month, and give the best answers in your 
power to the multitudes of questions that are now being asked in regard to 
budget making, household accounts, how to buy, how to manage the home. 

Gather up suggestive material from your students or from housekeepers, 
showing the actual way in which different individuals and families spend, and 
send this to the Savings Division. Send also every possible suggestion of 
plans of thrift work, of ways of reaching different kinds of people, of methods 
that you have found successful. 

The National Savings Campaign is organized under the Savings Division, 
War Loan Organization, Treasury Department, Washington, and the active 
campaign is directed through twelve District Savings Directors located in the 
twelve Federal Reserve Bank Districts. Under each District Savings Direc- 
tor, an organization of state, county, and local savings directors is adminis- 
tered. The local savings director provides for the estabhshment of sales 
agencies for War Savings Stamps, and the organization of War Savings Societies 
in schools and other educational institutions, and in shops, stores, offices, and 
other places of employment. The members of the American Home Economics 
Association can contribute largely to the success of the national campaign by 
cooperating with their local savings directors in promoting War Savings Soci- 
eties, and in helping to bring to every individual and family the ideals of thrift 
and of better living. 



4 bulletin american home economics association [april 

Council Meetings, American Home Economics Association, 
Chicago, June 26-29, 1918 

During the annual meeting in Chicago, June 26-29, 1918, five Coun- 
cil meetings were held. The following members were present at one or 
more of the meetings: Miss MacKay, President (presiding at all meet- 
ings), Mrs. Norton, Mrs. Calvin, Miss Raitt, Mrs. Dabney, Miss Loomis, 
Miss Berry, Miss Arnold, Miss Whitcomb, Miss Mathews, Miss Mul- 
ligan, Dr. Langworthy, Miss Wardall, Miss Snow, Miss Talbot, Miss 
White, Miss Field, Miss Twiss, Miss Bevier, Miss McGowan, Miss 
Wheeler, Miss Loomis, Miss Johnson (representing Miss Milam), Miss 
Van Rensselaer, Miss Ravenhill, Miss Marlatt, Miss Laird, Miss Bald- 
win, Miss Miller, Miss Rose, Miss Winchell. 

The outstanding features of the meetings were as follows: 

Appointment of nominating committee, committee on personnel of 
standing committees, and committee on resolutions. 

Treasurer's report, with the following suggestions as prepared by 
special finance committee (in absence of regular committee) : (1) increased 
membership; (2) establishment of a budget basis; (3) increased subscrip- 
tion list; (4) personal responsibility of each member for promoting 
financial strength of the Association. 

Campaign for promoting an increased subscription list of the Journal. 

Provision made for three meetings a year, as follows: (1) Sectional 
meeting to be held at time and place of the meeting of the Department 
of Superintendence of the N. E. A., at mid-year; (2) Regular annual 
meeting of the Associaton, to be held the week preceding the annual 
meeting of the N. E. A., at a place convenient for those attending the 
N. E. A. (this meeting to be at least three days in length) ; (3) Sectional 
meeting to be held in connection with the annual meeting of the N. E. A. 

Election of ofiicers.^ 

Continuation of Executive Committee for another year.^ 

Appointment of Program Committee to consist of Mrs. Calvin, Chair- 
man, and the Chairmen of the various sections. Appointment of stand- 
ing committees, the Journal Board, and the Ellen H. Richards Fund 
Trustees.^ 

Expressions of appreciation to retiring officers and to the Journal 
Board for their faithful efforts. 

Report of Committee on Reorganization, and acceptance of the fol- 
lowing re-statement of policies and principles of the A. H. E. A. as pre- 
pared by this Committee. 

1 See List of Officers, Committees, and Section Chairmen, pages 11 and 12. 



1919] COUNCIL MEETINGS 5 

The Association reaffirms its platform in the following statement: 
It is voted to work through the coming year, individually and collectively, 
in full cooperation with government agencies, to forward the following causes : 

I. To establish and maintain instruction in the elements of home man- 
agement, including the principles of nutrition, the proper choice and prepa- 
ration of foods, thrift and economy in the use of clothing, fuel, and other 
household essentials, for all girls in the higher elementary grades and in the 
high school, at least in the first two years. 

II. Inasmuch as the administration of the household is of common interest 
and importance to both men and women, and the maintenance of the indi- 
vidual away from home also demands an understanding of these matters, to 
urge appropriate instruction for boys as well as for girls, as far as practicable, 
in matters relative to the welfare and maintenance of the individual and of 
the home. 

III. To promote the establishment of departments of home economics in 
normal schools and colleges; and courses deaUng with questions of public 
health, nutrition, and thrift, open to all students, both men and women. 

IV. To cooperate in the extension of home economics instruction in the 
conservation of food, fuel, clothing, and other household essentials to house- 
wives desiring such assistance. 

V. To further, individually and collectively, the campaign for child wel- 
fare through the establishment of courses of instruction in child care and 
child welfare in schools and colleges, and through active cooperation with the 
Children's Bureau. 

VI. To aid all community enterprises which extend the ideals of home eco- 
nomics or promote the improvement and maintenance of health. 

VII. To support and maintain the Journal of Home Economics as a means 
of extending knowledge of the subject and of promoting thought and 
discussion. 

VIII. To promote research by encouraging and aiding investigations and 
research in universities, and by meetings local and national, in order that 
knowledge may be increased, and public opinion informed, and advancement 
made secure by legislative enactment. 

IX. To give active support to all legislation, state and federal, which 
aims to secure any of the ends which we are working to promote. 

X. For the above purpose to rally all the members of the national associa- 
tion; to stimulate local and state associations to increased endeavor in these 
directions; and to ask for the cooperation of other existing volunteer agencies 
now engaged in related movements such as the Federation of Women's Clubs, 
The Red Cross, Social Service Organizations, Public Health Nursing 
Associations. 

The Council of the Association is hereby authorized and empowered to 
take appropriate measures to forward this program. 



6 bulletin american home economics association [april 

Annual Business Meeting 

The annual business meeting of the A. H. E. A. was held in Chicago, 
June 29, 1918, at Ida Noyes Hall, University of Chicago. 

The meeting was called to order by the President, Miss MacKay, and 
the following business transacted: 

Report of Committee on Resolutions. 

Announcement of plan for meetings. 

Announcement of standing committees, Journal Board, and Ellen 
H. Richards Fund Trustees. ^ 

Announcement of ofBcers,^ (1) Elected by Council, (2) Elected by 
Association. (Signed) Cora M. Winchell, Secretary. 

Council Meetings, Baltimore, January 7 and 8, 1919 

Three Council meetings of the A. H. E. A. were held in Baltimore, 
Md. at the time of the meetings of the A. A. A. C. and E, S. 

The following members were present at one or more of these meet- 
ings: Miss White, President (presiding at all meetings), Miss Winslow, 
Miss Ravenhill, Dr. McCollum, Mrs. Norton, Miss Gearing, Miss 
Loomis, Mrs. Dabney, Miss Bevier, Mrs. Abel, Dr. Langworthy, Miss 
Johnson, Miss Lord, Miss Baldwin, Mrs. Calvin, Miss Stanley, Miss 
Van Rensselaer, Miss Marlatt, Miss Denton, Miss Harris, Miss Winchell. 

It was agreed by the Council that the June meeting he held in Blue 
Ridge, N. C. 

A statement of the business handled by the Council follows: 

Acceptance of the report of the Finance Committee, presented by 
Miss Lord, who accepted the chairmanship after the resignation of Mr. 
Turpin. The report follows: 

The Finance Committee has examined the accounts of the Association for 
several years, and finds with regret that the reserve fund created some years 
ago has been gradually reduced by annual deficits until the present real 
balance of the Association is a little more than $200 (excepting the $500 
savings fund). The Committee presents a tentative budget for 1919 showing 
a small balance which the Committee hopes may be increased by additions 
to the membership. The Committee believes that the Association should 
have a reserve fund of $1000, and that this should gradually be created. It 
makes the following definite recommendations: — 

Recommended, that the Editorial Board of the Journal present at the 
Council meeting in February a budget for the Journal for 1919 that does 



1919] COUNCIL MEETINGS 7 

not contemplate a deficit. The Committee suggests that the present earn- 
ings of the Journal do not warrant the employment of an editor for more than 
the earlier arrangement of half time. 

Recommended, that the Treasurer be asked to send a monthly statement of 
receipts and expenditures, itemized according to the budget headings, 
to the Association Office and to the Chairman of the Finance Committee. 

Recommended, that the Council appoint as auditors of the Treasurer's 
Report for 1918, two people who are in or near Baltimore, in order that they 
may examine the books. 

Recommended, that no appropriation be made to any section for 1919. 
Further, that the Institution Economics Section be asked at its next annual 
meeting to vote that the money now held for it by the A. H. E. A. in a sepa- 
rate fund (December 23, 1918, $80.97) and also all money from future sales 
of the Section proceedings, be added to the general funds of the Association, 
or if this does not meet approval, to vote other disposal of the moneys. 

Recommended, that the previous action of the Council in voting that life 
memberships be added to the Richards Memorial Fund be hereby rescinded, 
and that a special Life Membership Fund be created, beginning with the two 
recently paid in, into which all future life membership dues be paid; that 
this fund be placed in a savings account, and that at the end of each fiscal 
year 5 per cent of the total amount of this account be paid into the general 
funds of the Association, for current use. 

Recommended, that the Finance Committee be authorized to follow up 
the offer, received by them from one member, to send, by May 1, 1919, $10 in 
addition to regular membership, either in dues for new members or in cash, 
on condition that 24 others do the same; and to follow up any similar offer. 

TENTATIVE BUDGET 1919 

Expenditures Receipts 

Rent (i office) $42 Dues $1300 

Salaries {\ office) 480 Sales, etc 20 

Clerical ass't, treasurer 100 

Clerical ass't, other 100 $1320 

Postage, stationery, printing . 250 

Annual meeting 50 

Travel 100 

Bulletin 125 

$1247 

Respectfully submitted, 

Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman, 
Ellen Dabney, 
H. G. TuRPiN. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [April 

Announcement by the President of various phases of work which 
should be considered by the Association. (1) the Thrift Program. 
(2) the Health Program, (3) the Americanization Program, (4) the 
training of home demonstration agents and dietitians, (5) the adapta- 
tion of courses to meet the present day demands, (6) the coordination of 
new phases of work — vocational, general, and extension, (7) the stand- 
ardization of courses offered by the various institutions in the country, 
(8) the program for international cooperation along lines of home 
betterment and the promotion of better health. 

Committees were appointed to formulate resolutions in relation to 
the point of view of the Association concerning the Thrift Program, the 
Health Program, and the Americanization Program. The resolutions as 
formulated follow: 

Resolution Concerning the Thrift Program. Resolved, that the Council of 
the American Home Economics Association, on behalf of the Association 
membership, offers the cooperation of this body of trained workers in the 
projected campaign of the U. S. Treasury on the right use of money. The 
Council further ventures to urge upon those responsible for this campaign 
the very great importance of restricting the list of officially authorized speakers 
in this campaign to men and women who are adequately prepared by train- 
ing and experience for such a task. From the experience of its members, who 
come from every state in the Union, the Association has learned the grave 
danger of employing speakers who have no fundamental knowledge of eco- 
nomics nor experience in adapting this knowledge to family and personal 
expenditure, and who, with the best intentions and fine patriotism, may, 
because of their ignorance, discredit the campaign and those who promote it. 

Resolution Concerning the Health Program. The American Home Eco- 
nomics Association, in common with all other organizations working for the 
advancement of public welfare, feels both its field of effort and the emphasis 
of its work to be modified by new conditions. In view of this fact the Asso- 
ciation pledges itself to special efforts within its own field by laying stronger 
emphasis upon all its agencies for the promotion of health, not only of the 
child but also of the adult, both by the addition of necessary and special 
courses, and by cooperation with State and National agencies to this end. 

Resolution concerning the Americanization Program. In view of the world 
citizenship we are now called upon to share, it is incumbent upon those re- 
sponsible for the trainmg of others to develop in them an intelligent and 
sympathetic attitude toward foreign born peoples in order that work 
among them may be more effective. To this end it is suggested that a study 
be made — either formal or informal — of the domestic manners and customs 
of other races and peoples, their origin and intention. 



1919] COUNCIL MEETINGS 9 

The Council agreed upon the necessity for emphasizing the impor- 
tance of renewed effort in promoting knowledge through research and 
interpretation in the regular agencies, such as the Office of Home Eco- 
nomics, the Department of Agriculture, and the research departments 
of colleges and universities. 

A committee was appointed to outline the opportunities and needs of 
the field of Home Economics, and to see that this information be given 
publicity through the Journal and the various schools of Home Eco- 
nomics. The members of the committee are as follows: C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Chairman; Helen Atwater, Vice-Chairman; Ruth Wardall, 
Thrift; Antoinette Roof, Home Demonstration Agent Work; Ruth 
Wheeler, Dietetics; Louise Stanley, Vocational; Sophonisba Breckin- 
ridge, Americanization; Dr. Dorothy Reed Mendenhall, Health and 
Child Welfare. 

A committee was appointed to survey the field and make a series of 
recommendations for modification of home economics courses to meet 
changing conditions. The members of the committee are as follows: 
Flora Rose, Chairman; Ethelwyn Miller, Mrs. Mary Swartz Rose, 
Anna Richardson, Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin. 

Miss Winslow, Chairman of the committee on Social Work, was em- 
powered to enlarge her committee as necessary, and to assume the re- 
sponsibility of promoting the interest of the Association along specific 
lines of Americanization. 

Miss Loomis, Chairman, Miss Neale and Miss Cooley were ap- 
pointed as a committee to recommend steps which will lead toward the 
evaluation of similar courses in various institutions. 

The various committees were asked to give reports of programs at the 
Council meetings in Chicago, in February, and to prepare complete 
reports for the annual meeting in June. 

(Signed) Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 

Council Meetings, Chicago, February 27 and 28, 1919 

Two Council meetings were held in Chicago on February 27 and 28, 
during the mid-year meeting of the A. H. E. A. The following mem- 
bers attended one or both of these meetings: — Miss White, President, 
presiding; Miss Bevier, Miss Mathews, Miss Stanley, Miss Blunt, Miss 
Field, Miss Winslow, Mrs. Calvin, Miss Cooley, Miss Ward, Miss 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [April 

Thomas, Miss Lyford, Miss Cara Harris, Miss Marlatt, Miss Leonard, 
Miss Van Hoesen, Miss Snow, Miss Greer, Miss Baylor, Mrs. Lauder- 
bach, Mrs. Norton, Mrs. Cowan, Miss Winchell. 

The following matters of business were handled by the Council: 

Provision for a Vocational Section. It was voted that Miss Lord be 
asked to serve as Chairman of this section. (Miss Lord has accepted 
the position.) 

Voted that the American Dietetic Association be invited to meet 
with the A. H. E. A. at Blue Ridge. (It was learned later that the 
American Dietetic Association had already planned to meet with the 
American Hospital Association.) 

, Reports of Committees on Standardization of College Courses, 
Americanization, and New Phases of Home Economics Work were 
presented. 

A standing committee on Standardization of College Courses was 
authorized, to be named by the President. 

The report of the Committee on the Revision of the Constitution 
was presented, and the suggestions for revision were acted upon by the 
Council. The proposed changes will be sent out to the members of the 
Association in time for due consideration before the annual meeting to 
be held at Blue Ridge, N. C, June 23-28, 1919, at which time action 
will be taken by the Association. 

The Social Work Committee was instructed to prepare a program to 
be presented at the meeting of the American Association of Social 
Workers to be held in Atlantic City in June. 

(Signed) Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 

Twelfth Annual Meeting 

The Twelfth Annual Meeting of the American Home Economics 
Association will be held at Blue Ridge, N. C, June 23 to 28. 

Accommodations will be provided in cottages and in Robert E. Lee 
Hall — buildings erected for the use of the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. 

The charge for room and board will be $12.00 to $15.00 per week. 
Reservations should be made through the Blue Ridge Association, 
Blue Ridge, N. C. The railroad station is Black Mountain, N. C. 

Fuller details and the program will appear in the next Bulletin. 



1919] 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



11 



Standing Committees 



Legislation: 

Mrs, Mary H. Abel, Chairman 

Anna M. Cooley 

Sophonisba P. Breckinridge 
State Supervision: 

Edith Thomas, Chairman 

Mrs. Anna Hedges Talbot 

Agnes Ellen Harris 
International Committee on Teach- 
ing Home Economics: 

B. R. Andrews, Chairman 

Catharine MacKay 

Annie Laird 

Mabel Wellman 

Elizabeth Sprague 
Social Work: 

Emma A. Winslow, Chairman 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton 

Mildred P. Weigley 

Lucy Gillett 

Florence E. Winchell 

Emma Jacobs 

Bessie Lee 
Exhibits: 

Emma Conley, Chairman 

Pearl MacDonald 

Gertrude Van Hoesen 

Lucy Gillett 

Frances Swain 



Pen and Press: 

Anna Barrows, Chairman 

Mrs. Charles Browne 

Elizabeth McCracken 

Helen Louise Johnson 

Helen Cannon 
Organization : 

Sarah Louise Arnold, Chairman 

Effie Raitt 

Emma Gunther 

Josephine Berry 

Grace Schermerhorn 
Home Economics Day: 

C. F. Langworthy, Chairman 

Helen Atwater 

CaroUne Crawford 

Blanche Hazard 

Mrs. E. B. Wilson 
Finance: 

Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 

H. Gale Turpin 

Mrs. Ellen P. Dabney 
Journal Board: 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor 

Keturah Baldwin, Business Editor 

Mrs. Mary H. Abel 

C. F. Langworthy 

Ruth Wheeler 

Ethelwyn Miller 

Amy L. Daniels 



The American Home Economics Association | 

Organized Dec. 31, 1908. Incorporated May 12, 1909. , , . ,, K„t,»rin<r 

The American Home Economics Association exists for the purpose of bnntjmg together those interested m the betierins 
of conditions in the home, the school, the public institution, and the community. . „ .. 

Annual Dues: Active $2.00; Associate $1.00. Only active members receive the quarterly bulletm. 

President 

EDNA N. WHITE, 

Ohio State University, Columbus 



FLORA ROSE, 

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 

Secretary 

CORA M. WmCHELL, 

Teachers College, New York City 



Vice-Presidents 

ISABEL BEVIER, 

University of Illinois, Urbaiui 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



C. F. LANGWORTHY, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D. C. 

Treasurer 

H. GALE TURPIN, 

Baltimore Trust Company, Baltimore 



The Executive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, treM- 
urer, the retiring president, and five additional members of the Council, chosen by the Council, viz.: Sarah Louise Araold 
Anna Barrows, Alice Loomis, Mary E. Matthews, Catharine Mulligan. 



Sarah Louise Arkold 

Simmons College, 

Boston, Mass. 

Isabel Ely Lord, 
Pratt Institute, 

BrooUyn, N. Y; 



Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, 

U. S. Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 
Fannie Twiss, 

Normal School, Regina, 
Saskatchewan, Canadac 



COUNCILORS AT LARGE 

TERMS EXPIRE 1919 
Josephine T. Berry, 
University Farm, 
St. Paul, Minn. 

Catharine A. Mulugan, 
Converse College, 

Spartanburg, S. C. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1920 
Alice Loomis, 

University of Nebraska, 
Lincoln, Neb. 

Edna N. White, 

University of Ohio, 
Columbus, Ohio. 



Helen Louise Johnson, 
37 E. 28th St., 

N. y. c. 



Mary E. Sweeney, 

University of Kentucky 
Lexington, Ey. 



Effie Raitt, 

University of Washington, 
Seattle, Wash. 

Emeline Whttcomb, 

University of Montana- 
Missoula, Mont. 

EUUA WiNSLOW, 

Teachers College, 
New York City. 
Ada Field, 

George Peabody College, 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Maude Murchie, 
Sacramento, Cal. 

Florence Ward, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., 

Washington, D. C. 



Mrs' Charles W. Greene, 
14 Columbia Ave., 

Columbia, Mo 



Carlotta Greek, 

E. Tech. High School, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 



E. V. McCollum, 

Johns Hopkins Unversiity 
Baltimore, Md. 



TERMS EXPIRE 1921 
Ruth Wardall, 

University of Iowa, 
Iowa City, Iowa 

Mary E. Matthews, 
Purdue University, 
LaFayette, Ind. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1922 
Jenny H. Snow, 

Sup'v'r Household Arts, 
Chicago, 111. 

Grace Denny, 

Univ. of Washington, 
Seattle. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1923 
Alice Ravenhill, 
23 Dallas Ave., 
Victoria, B.C. 
Mary Gearing 

University of Texas, 
Austin, Texas. 
SECTIONAL COUNCILORS ^ ^, . , ^,. 

Institution Economics Section: Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid Club, N. Y.; Elsie Leonard, Univ. of Wis. 

Science Section: Katharine Blunt, Univ. of Chicago. „, „ „ „ . „, t. ,, , 

Extension Section: Agnes Ellen Harris. Fla.StateCoUegefor Women Tallahassee 
Textile Section: Grace Denny, Univ. of Wash., Seattle. 
REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS , .u » 

One representative councilor may be chosen by each affiliated society, provided the councilor is a member of the American 
Home Economics Association. >• 

TRUSTEES OF THE ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1. 1920 
Mrs. Annie Dewey, 
Lake Placid Club, 

Lake Placid, N. Y 
Bertha M. Terrill, 
Univ. of Vermont, 
Burlington, Vt. 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1921 
Elizabeth Condit, 
Pratt Institute, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Marion Talbot, 

University of Chicago, 
Chicago, III. 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1922 
Dr. Katharine Blunt, 

University of Chicago 
Dr. Louise Stanley, 

Federal Board for Vocational Education, 
Washington, D. C. 



Martha Van Rensselaer, 
Cornell University, 
Ithaca, N. Y. 



Mrs. Mary H. Abel, 
Woodlawn, Md. 



Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New York, 

(Secretary and Treasurer.) 



Anna Barrows, 

Teachers College, 
New York City. 



Robert H. Richards, 

Mass, Inst, of Technology 
Boston, Mass. 



Mrs. Henrietta W. CALV^N, 
Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Application for entry as second-class matter pending at the Post OflSce at Baltimore 

Series 5 JUNE, 1919 No. 2 



BLUE RIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA 

You are on your way to the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the American 
Home Economics Association, June 23 to 28, 1919. The long train 
noses its way between the rounded green peaks of the Blue Ridge mountains 
and comes to a stop as the porter calls: "All out for Black Mountain." The 
taxicab drivers deafen you with their insistent: "Fifty cents to Blue Ridge. 
Take your suitcases." A little scattered village Ues about the station. 
Half a mile to the east begins a long steep slope of solid green, broken half 
way up the mountain side by the clear white outline of a big comfortable- 
looking building, Robert E. Lee Hall, which marks your destination. 

The last part of the drive brings you under the trees and along thehajiks. 
of rhododendron that make Blue Ridge a paradise of beauty in June. Then 
you come out into the open grounds about the buildings, where you may 
view the sweep of the valley below and peak after peak of blue mountain 
beyond. You register, and are led away to a cottage chnging to the moun - 
tain side above, or snuggled away by the stream below the main buildings. 
If your reservation was late you may have to take a less romantic and 
slightly more expensive room in Robert E. Lee Hall. 

The plant belongs to the Blue Ridge Association, and is operated primarily 
for the Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. The student conference this year closes June 
22; consequently not many rooms will be available before Monday, June 23. 
By all means plan to stay the entire week, and longer, if possible. The rate 
is $12.00 to $15.00 per week for room and board. Most rooms accommodate 
two, but smgle rooms may be had. The Blue Ridge Association aims simply 
to pay expenses, not to make a profit. 

The cottages have 4 to 8 rooms, a sleeping porch, and one or two bath rooms 
with hot and cold water. One may sleep indoors or on the porch, — it is de- 
lightfully cool everywhere. The cot beds are comfortable; all furnishings 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [juiie 

are very simple. One should plan for much out of doors tramping and driv- 
ing, and bring clothing suitable for the mountain trails. 

Delightful drives may be arranged for without exorbitant charge. Bilt- 
more and Asheville are about twenty miles away, Henderson ville. Chimney 
Rock, and other famous spots in the "Land of the Sky" are farther, but within 
driving distance. Montreat and Ridgecrest, headquarters, respectively, of 
Presbyterian and Baptist conferences, are each about six miles away. 

The Southern Home Economics Association is to have separate programs 
on Tuesday and Thursday evenings; at other times it will make itself a part 
of the American Association. The Southern Association extends a most 
sincere welcome to the American Association and particularly to those mem- 
bers who have not before been in the South. 

Reservations should be made immediately, and should specify Cottage or 
Hall. Address The Blue Ridge Association, Blue Ridge, N. C. Groups 
desiring to be together in cottages should specify this clearly in making 
reservations. Mail and telegrams should be sent to Blue Ridge, but railroad 
tickets read to Black Mountain. 

Convention rates have been applied for but have not yet been granted by 
the railroads. When purchasing tickets be sure to ask for a convention 
certificate so that a special return fare may be secured in case it is granted 
in time for our meeting. 



A directory will be published early in the fall. In order to bring 
this up to date, kindly fill in the blank below and return as soon as 
possible to the American Home Economics Association, 1211 Cathedral 
Street, Baltimore, Maryland. 



Name 

Present Address 

Address after Sept. 1 

Official position 

School or college attended. 

Date of graduation 

Degree, if any 



1919] PROGRAM OF TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETLNG 3 

PROGRAM 

Twelfth Annual Meeting 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 
June 23-28, 1919 

MONDAY, JUNE 23 

9.00 a.m. Sectional Meeting: 

Textile, Ethelwyn Miller, Chairman 
4.00 pm. Council Meeting 
8.00 p.m. Address of President 

Edna N. White, Ohio State University 
The Children's Bureau and Home Economics 

Elizabeth McCracken, U. S. Children's Bureau 
Future Plans for Home Demonstration Work 

Florence Ward, In Charge of Work for Women, Extension North and West, 
States Relations Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 
Relation Between Home Economics and Americanization Work 

Dr. F. C. Butler, Director Americanization Division, U. S. Department of 
the Interior 

TUESDAY, JUNE 24 

9.00 a.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Textile, Ethelwyn Miller, Chairman 
Science, Dr. Katharine Blunt, Chairman 
4.00 p.m. Council Meeting 
8.00 p.m. Southern Home Economics Association 

President, Edith M. Thomas, Florida State College for Women 
Greetings from the South to the American Home Economics Association 

Catharine Mulligan, Converse College, Spartanburg, S. C. 
Home Economics in the South 

Dr. Bruce R. Payne, President George Peabody College for Teachers, Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 
Address 

Mary E. Gearing, Associate Executive, Division of Health, Bureau of Social 
Education, National Y. W. C. A. 
Canteening with the American Army in France 
Mary E. Sweeney, University of Kentucky 

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 25 

9.00 a.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Science, Dr. Katharine Blunt, Chairman 

Institution Economics, Elsie Leonard, Chairman 
8.00 p.m. Food, Science and Reconstruction 

Dr. Graham Lusk, Cornell Medical College. Formerly Member of iIk 

Interallied Scientific Food Commission 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [june 

Some Studies in Bacteriology of Canning 

Harold L. Lang, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa., and 

Office of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 
The Thrift Education Movement and Home Economics 

Dr. B. R. Andrews, Vice-Director, Savings Division, U. S. Treasury 

Department 
Some Public Health Problems 

Dr. Edith M. Rabe, Wihnington, Del. 

THURSDAY, JUNE 26 

9.00 a.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Extension, Agnes Ellen Harris, Chairman 

Institution Economics, Elsie Leonard, Chairman 
Round Table, in charge of Committee on Reorganization of Secondary School 

Courses in Home Economics. Jenny Snow, Supervisor of Home Economics, 

Chicago Public Schools, Chairman 
8.00 p.m. Southern Home Economics Association 

Ada M. Field, George Peabody College for Teachers, presiding 
Home Demonstration Work and Its Relation to Rural Life in the South 

Bradford Knapp, Chief of Extension Work in the South, States Relations 

Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 
Home Economics Problems in the South. Formal Discussion: 

The Agricultural College, Jean McKinnon, University of Kentucky 

The State University, Bess Heflin, University of Texas 

The Women's College, Dr. Ruth Wheeler, Goucher College, Baltimore, Md. 

Vocational Home Economics, Louise Stanley, Federal Board for Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C. 

FRIDAY, JUNE 27 

9.00 a.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Vocational, Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 
Extension, Agnes Ellen Harris, Chairman 
7.30 p.m. Farm Life Studies and Their Relation to Home Economics Work 

Dr. Charles J. Galpin, Office of Farm Management, Washington, D. C. 
The Specialists in Nutrition and the United States Public Health Service 
Dr. W. H. Walsh, U. S. Public Health Service 
?.30 p.m. Vocational Homemaking 

Isabel Ely Lord, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., presiding 
Homemaking Education 

Dr. David Snedden, Teachers College, Columbia University 
Note: Dr. Snedden is unable to be present personally, as was originally 
planned, but a paper by him will be made available to everyone before 
the meeting, so that time in the meeting may be given to a full discussion. 
The New Home Economics Program 

Anna Richardson, Acting Director Home Economics Education, Federal 
Board for Vocational Education 
Discussion 
The Wage-Earning Girl and Home Economics 

Mrs. Anna L. Burdick, Special Agent for Industrial Education of Girls and 
Women, Federal Board for Vocational Education 



1919] PROGRAM OF TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

SATURDAY, JUNE 28 

9.00 a.m. Business Meeting 

Reports of Secretary and Treasurer 
Reports of Committees 
Revision of Constitution 
Election of Officers 
11,00 a.m. Report of Investigations carried on in the Office of Home Economics during the 
year 1918-1919 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy, Chief of Office of Home Economics, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture 
The Home Demonstration Agent and the Work of the Children's Bureau 
Mrs. Max West, Children's Bureau, Washington, D. C. 

Sectional Meetings 
extension education section 

Thursday, 9 a.m. 

Organization of Home Demonstration Work: 

Southern Division, Bradford Kjiapp, Chief, Extension Work in the South 

Northern and Western Division, Florence Ward, in Charge Extension Work with Women, 
North and West 

State, Neale S. Knowles, State Leader Home Demonstration Agents, Iowa 

Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon, State Home Demonstration Agent, North Carolina 

Urban, Antoinette Roof, Emergency State Home Demonstration Leader, Mass. 

Mary B. McGowan, Urban Agent, Division of Extension, Commercial Club, Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Discussion: Smith-Lever and Smith-Hughes Work 

Leader, Bradford Knapp, aided by Florence Ward and Anna Richardson 

Friday, 9 a.m. 

Susie V. Powell, Mississippi, presiding 

Home Economics Extension Problems: 

Home Demonstration Agents' Training Courses : The University of Illinois Plan 

Mamie Bunch, State Leader of Illinois 
Discussion: Leader, Mary L. Matthews, Purdue University, aided by Mary E. Creswe 1, 

State Agricultural College, Georgia 
Round Table Discussion of Phases of Home Demonstration Projects: 

Dairy Work, Leader, Jessie M. Hoover, Dairy Demonstration Agent, Bureau of 

Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture 

Poultry Work, Susie V. Powell, Assistant Director in Charge Home Demonstration 

Work, Mississippi 

Clothing, Mabel Wilkerson, University of Illinois 

Irene B. Wheeler, County Home Demonstration Agent, Jones County, Iowa 

Girls Clubs, Leader, Gertrude Warren, Boys and Girls Club Work, States Relations 

Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 

Edith Parrott, State Home Demonstration Agent, South Carolina 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [JunC 

INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Wednesday and Thursday, 9 a.m. 
Reports from the annual meeting held in Madison, Wis., June 9 to 13 

Topics selected from the following, which were brought up for consideration by paper 
and discussion: 

Courses of Study for Institutional Administration 

Dormitory Administration 

Cafeteria Management in both the college and commercial worlds, with special 

emphasis on organization and marketing 
School Luncheon Problems 
Restaurant and Cofifee-shop Management 
Hospital Administration 

New Phases of Institution Work, such as supervising housekeepers in wealthy 
homes, and camp directors 

TEXTILE SECTION 

Monday, 9 a.m. 
Ethelwyn Miller, Iowa State College, presiding 
The Buying of Textiles, Marion Weller, University of Minnesota 

Systems of Marketing used in Household Arts, Beatrice Hunter, University of Chicago 
The Content of Household Arts Courses of Study, Mabel Trilling, University of Chicago 
The Value of Short Cuts and Red Cross Work, Miss Phelps 
Extension Work in Household Arts, Nellie Crooks, University of Tennessee 

Tuesday, 9 a.m. 
Design in Relation to Household Arts 
Textile Design. Sources of Present Day Motives 
The Influence of Peasant Art upon Costume Design 
House Design 

VOCATIONAL SECTION 

Friday, 9 a.m. 
The Home Project in Homemaking 

Teacher Training. Round Table Discussion 

Leader, Anna Richardson, Federal Board for Vocational Education. 

SCIENCE SECTION 

Tuesday and Wednesday, 9 a.m. 
Experimental Cookery: 

Oven Temperature as Related to Consistency of Batters and Doughs and to Gas 

Consumption 

Minna C. Denton, Experimental Kitchen, Office of Home Economics, U. S. 

Department of Agriculture 
Some Factors Governing Fat Absorption in Frying Batters and Doughs 

Edith Wengel, University of Wisconsin, and Office of Home Economics, U. S. 

Department of Agriculture 
Report on Vegetables 

Elizabeth W. Miller, Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa 
Report on Fats 

Mrs. Agnes Fay Morgan, University of California, and Miss Woodruflf, Univer- 
sity of Chicago 



1919] 



PROGRAM OF TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 



Calendar 



DATE 


TI^lE OF DAY 




Morning 


Afternoon 


Night 


June 23 


Textile Section 


Council 


General 


June 24 


Textile Section 
Science Section 


Council 


Southern Home Economics 
Association 


June 25 


Science Section 
Institution Section 




General 


June 26 


Institution Section 
Extension Section 
Secondary Schools Round 
Table 




Southern Home Economics 
Association 


June 27 


Vocational Section 
Extension Section 





Vocational Homem:iking 


June 28 


Business Meeting 
General 





BULLETIN 



OF THE 



American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 5 NOVEMBER, 1919 No. 3 



TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

The fact that Blue Ridge, N. C, was not generally known to ticket 
sellers bid fair for a restful stay in the mountains. The program also 
seemed to have been planned with the double purpose of offering valuable 
conference periods and allowing time to enjoy the mountain trails and 
the views from the piazza of Robert E. Lee Hall. 

Several other conferences ran parallel to the home economics confer- 
ence, but there was no time for attending their meetings. The dining 
hall seating 600 was filled except for occasional meals, when groups 
were changing. The meals were always served exactly on time and with 
no delay during the meal, a great convenience. The dining room was 
in charge of Mary B. Davis of Judson College, while the kitchen was 
managed by Daisy Brooks of Greensboro Normal School. The efficient 
service of these two women was much appreciated. One hundred and 
fifty girls and boys, students of Southern Colleges, served in the dining 
room and looked after the sleeping rooms. The girls named their dor- 
mitory "Martha Washington Hall," and the colored help in the kitchen 
then called theirs "Booker Washington Hall." / 

The setting would not be complete without some mention of the f: 
quent rains, and the resulting cloud effects in the mountains. Si: 

1 




2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

everything was under one roof, except the sleeping quarters in some of 
the cottages, weather was of minor importance. 

The Southern Home Economics Association had its meetings in con- 
junction with the mother organization, and two of the five general 
meetings held in the evening were under its auspices. 

The President of the Southern Association, Edith M. Thomas, Florida 
State College for Women, and Catherine Mulligan, Converse College, 
Spartanburg, S. C, who also extended a greeting, were most hospitable 
in their greetings to the American Association, 

Mary E, Sweeny, University of Kentucky, held her audience spell- 
bound while she recounted her experiences "Canteening with the 
American Army in France," At Chateau Thierry and Argonne she 
and her sister who was with her must have proved themselves most 
serviceable members of the Y. M. C. A. The American Home Eco- 
nomics Association thrilled with pride in its representative. 

It was fortunate that Dr. Bruce R, Payne, President of George Pea- 
body College for Teachers, preceded Miss Sweeny, for he berated home 
economics teachers soundly. Since criticism frankly given is always 
stimulating, his statements should be borne in mind. He compared 
teachers of physics, Latin, English, and others with teachers of home 
economics as to scholarly attainments and spirit of research, saying 
that the latter compared unfavorably and were much less well prepared 
for teaching their subject. Unfortunately there was no time for 
discussion. 

In this connection it is interesting to note that there were in the 
various sectional meetings a number of reports of research work. One 
which attracted wide interest was given by Mabel B. Trilling, who re- 
ported for a group at work at Chicago University on analysis of the 
content of household arts courses of study and text books. The mate- 
rial will be pubhshed by the University in the form of a monograph, and 
promises to be most enhghtening. As a result of this piece of work 
Miss Trilling was appointed by the Council Chairman of a Committee 
on Educational Research in Home Economics. Other members of the 
committee are Professor Rugg of the University of Chicago and 
Ethelwyn Miller of Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. They will add 
to their number. 

Reports on experimental cookery were given in the Science Section 
by Dr. Minna C. Denton, Experimental Kitchen, Office of Home Eco- 
nomics, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Although she gave glimpses 



1919] TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

into various other problems on which she is working, her special subject 
was "Oven Temperatures as Related to Consistency of Batters and 
Doughs and to Gas Consumption." 

Elizabeth W. Miller, Iowa State College, reported on experiments in 
vegetable cookery, particularly concerning the changes of color in 
cooking of green vegetables. 

Dr. Katharine Blunt, Chairman, reported for Dr. Agnes Fay Morgan, 
University of California, Sybil Woodruff, University of Chicago and 
George Peabody College for Teachers, and Elizabeth Sprague, University 
of Kansas, three papers on "Changes in Fats in Cookery." 

Marion Weller, University of Minnesota, as chairman of a committee 
appointed at the conference in 1918 reported through Miss Vermilye 
the results of a questionnaire on the teaching of buying of textiles. 
Her report was encouraging in that many reported that the questions 
had stimulated them to strengthen their courses in that respect. 

Two other constructive projects were launched in the Textile Section, 
one an effort to have textile manufacturing concerns, jobbers, and re- 
tailers cooperate in producing a few standard materials labeled accord- 
ingly. Following such action, the Section will conduct an educational 
drive in the Association to teach women the advantages of buying the 
materials. Any reader who can do anything to further the work of 
the committee in bringing the project to the attention of the trade will 
do well to communicate with Miriam Birdseye, States Relations Serv- 
ice, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

The other effort is in the way of improving the interior decoration 
and furnishings as shown on moving picture screens, first by bringing 
the question to the attention of managers of moving picture concerns 
and suggesting that they employ decorators in staging their plays; 
second, by asking home economics teachers to report on the furnishings 
shown in various pictures they may see. Blanks for such reports will 
be furnished for teachers of home economics or students of house fur- 
nishing classes. Address Florence E. Winchell, 176 Elm Avenue, 
Mt. Vernon, New York. 

Dr. C. F. Langworthy gave an account of the very extensive investi- 
gations on foot in the Office of Home Economics, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, that was a revelation to most of those who heard it. It in- 
cluded a statement of Government bulletins under preparation. 

Elizabeth McCracken and Mrs. Max West of the Children's Bureau, 
Washington, D. C. spoke from the standpoints of home economics in 



4 BULLETIN AMEEicAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

general and home demonstration in particular. Mary A. Harper, Asso- 
ciation for Improving the Condition of the Poor. New York City, re- 
ported in detail the work that is being done in nutrition classes for 
children. Her skillful use of charts and graphs both with the children 
and parents, in stimulating conscientious efiforts, was very suggestive. 

Dr. Benjamin R. Andrews spoke on Wednesday evening for the 
Thrift Education Movement. Dr. Andrews, Mrs. Norton, and Miss 
Elliott represented home economics work in the Savings Division of the 
Treasury Department. They urged teachers of home economics to de- 
vise schemes for stimulating savings in all schools, in addition to teach- 
ing thrifty housekeeping habits. 

Dr. Graham Lusk, Cornell University Medical College, spoke on 
"Food and Reconstruction." His paper will be much used in printed 
form, for it was written as a result of his investigations as a member 
of the Interallied Scientific Food Commission. 

Dr. F. C. Butler, Director Americanization Division, U. S. Depart- 
ment of the Interior, gave startling figures regarding the ilUteracy of 
native Americans, and urged greater efforts for universal education, 
and a democratic education in home economics. 

Edna N. White, President of the Association, in her opening address 
on Monday evening reviewed the work of the year on the basis of the 
platform laid down the previous year. This served to bring before the 
Conference the big aims of home economics workers and to spur every- 
body to greater effort. 

Miss White's calm poise and her constant attention to the comfort 
of the group gave an atmosphere of repose which is always conducive 
to full appreciation of a conference program. It was a great satisfaction 
to the Association that Miss White was willing to accept the presi- 
dency for another year. 

The interest shown in all sectional meetings prompted those in charge 
to arrange the schedule so as to avoid overlapping as far as possible. 
This meant that nearly everyone was able to attend almost all meet- 
ings, but the looked for leisure vanished. 

The Institution Section held one session, given over to a report of 
the meeting in Madison, Wisconsin, 

At one of the meetings of the Extension Section Dr. Bradford Knapp, 
Chief of Extension work in the South, and Florence Ward, in Charge 
Extension Work with Women, N. and W., spoke and were also available 
for discussion for several days. Among other speakers on the extension 



1919J TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

program were Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon, State Home Demonstration 
Agent, N. C, and Mary B. McGowan, Urban Agent, Division of Ex- 
tension, Commercial Club, Nash\dlle, Tenn. The second meeting was 
devoted to discussion of training courses for home demonstration 
agents, and phases of home demonstration projects : dairy work, animal 
industry, poultry work, clothing, girls' clubs, service. 

The work of the Textile and Science Sections has already been re- 
ferred to. 

The Vocational Committee meetings were very stimulating, particu- 
larly because Anna Richardson and Louise Stanley, both of the Federal 
Board for Vocational Education, were always available to answer ques- 
tions on Smith-Hughes and Smith-Lever problems. In the Friday 
evening meeting, at which Isabel Ely Lord was Chairman, both Miss 
Richardson and Mrs. Anna L. Burdick spoke. Mrs, Burdick, who is 
Special Agent for Industrial Education of Girls and Women, Federal 
Board for Vocational Education, made a strong plea for technical 
training. Her analysis of the situations with which we are all familiar, 
i.e., the struggling of women forced to support themselves and others 
with no training for it, and her masterly use of statistics made Mrs. 
Burdick's address illuminating to every one. 

Dr. David Snedden of Teachers College could not attend the meet- 
ings as he had planned, but Miss Lord conducted the discussion of his 
newly issued pamphlet on Homemaking Education. Dr. Snedden's 
views are stimulating, and every home economics teacher will be in- 
terested to read this pamphlet, for sale by the Bureau of Publications, 
Teachers College. 

Jenny Snow, Supervisor of Home Economics, Chicago Pubhc Schools, 
conducted a round table discussion as temporary chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Reorganization of Secondary School Courses in Home Eco- 
nomics. Although nothing definite was formulated as a result of the 
meeting, the Committee had the benefit of the expressions of opinion 
and educational practice in all parts of the country. It was gratifying 
that in many respects there was very general agreement in (1) working 
toward food and clothing problems as nearly under home conditions as 
possible; (2) avoiding exploiting of children in limch room practice; 
(3) breadth of view in general education rather than over-emphasis on 
technical skill. 

The wide range of interests considered by the committee who arranged 
the program is apparent. In this connection it should be noted that 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS AssocL\TiON [November 

Agnes Ellen Harris took over the task of program arrangements at a 
very late date, due to the illness of the original chairman. The Asso- 
ciation was deeply grateful for the wise selection of subjects and the 
strong speakers. 

The annual meeting of the American Home Economics Association is 
gaining in popularity. It is unfortunate that more cannot attend. 
Although the meetings prove of great value, the informal discussions of 
specific problems are even more helpful. Groups of three or four or a 
dozen spring up on the spur of the moment or as a result of unfinished 
discussions at meetings. Although one of the charms of the conference 
is that it is small enough to be personal, still those who attend are eager 
to see the benefits shared and urge all to make especial effort to attend 
next June. Florence E. Winchell, 

The Lincoln School of Teachers College, New York City. 

The Science Section. The meeting of the Science Section at Blue 
Ridge emphasized chiefly two distinctly dift'erent lines of work — the 
questions of under-nutrition in children and of experimental cookery. 
Mary Harper, in charge of the food education work of the New York 
Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, gave a stimulat- 
ing paper on the first subject, with the most recent scientific and clinical 
experience on nutrition classes for children. The paper was enlivened 
by delightful tales of her children's attitude toward their own improve- 
ment. The discussion showed plainly an encouraging development of 
nutrition work in many parts of the country, rural and urban, north and 
south. The car load of cows, imported in more than one southern 
county as a result of the work of the county agent, is one excellent 
example. 

The rest of the two sessions was devoted to the discussion of experi- 
mental cookery in both its manipulative and chemical aspects. Dr. 
Minna C. Denton, of the Office of Home Economics, reported on several 
lines of work in progress in the Experimental Kitchen in Washington, 
including a series of experiments on oven temperatures in cake baking, 
with the results shown by curves. A short paper on the same subject 
from Miss West of Milwaukee Downer College gave experiments based 
on Miss Denton's cake outKne, showing the superiority of low oven 
temperature in cake baking. The report of Elizabeth W. Miller on 
vegetable cookery discussed the groups of coloring matters in vegeta- 
bles, chlorophyll, caratinoids and flavores and xanthones, and their 



1919] TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 7 

changes on heating with acid (the vegetable acids themselves or added 
acid) and with alkali (alkahne tap water or soda). Chlorophyll, for 
example, turns olive green with acid, and brighter green with alkali. 
Good flavor in vegetables is partly dependent upon volatihzation of 
some substances. These volatile substances, from some vegetables at 
least, have been shown to contain acid and sulphur compounds. 

Three papers on fat absorption and decomposition were presented. 
Elizabeth Sprague reported that the temperature at which various fats 
give off acrolein corresponds to their relative smoking temperatures. 
Dr. Agnes Fay Morgan and Rau Cozens gave changes in a number of 
fat constants before and after frying doughnuts in a fat, and also figures 
for the absorption of various fats in frying. Sybil Woodruff reported 
fat absorption in frying potatoes and a dough mixture at different tem- 
peratures and times, and differences in iodine number, acidity, and re- 
ducing substance (acrolein) in the original fat and fat extracted from 
fried foods. 

Most of the papers are to be printed in the Journal, and so are not 
summarized further here. 

The value and method of teaching experimental cookery was dis- 
cussed, most of the speakers considering it, if properly done, an important 
part of the training of the college student. 

Several of the experimental cookery papers were partly the result 
of the plans for cooperative research. The Science Section hopes to 
develop this cooperative research further. The plan was suggested of 
having different individuals maintain a sort of clearing house for re- 
search in different Hnes. This person should be informed by members 
of the association of work which they may have in progress; she should 
stand ready to answer questions or give advice when she can, on her 
line, either as to subjects to be investigated or methods to be used, and 
in general to do all possible to further our cooperative effort. 

Dr. Minna Denton, Office of Home Economics, has consented to 
serve in this capacity in experimental cookery, especially on the manip- 
ulative side; Dr. Katharine Blunt, University of Chicago, on the chemi- 
cal side of experimental cookery problems; Dr. Ruth Wheeler, Goucher 
College, Baltimore, on adult nutrition. It is hoped that Dr. Amy 
Daniels, University of Iowa, Iowa City, will serve on nutrition of in- 
fants and children. Members who are doing work along these Hnes 
are asked to communicate with these women. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The chairman of the Science Section is desirous of bringing together 
any groups of workers doing similar work on these or other Knes of which 
she may hear. 

At the end of the meeting, Dr. Ruth Wheeler moved that the officers 
of the section be continued for a second year. The motion was carried. 

Katharine Blunt, 
Chairman, Science Section. 

The Extension Section. The section was called tL order at 9 a.m., 
June 26, with Agnes Ellen Harris in the chair. The morning was de- 
voted to discussion of organization of home demonstration work. Dr. 
Bradford Knapp, chief of extension work in the South, gave an excellent 
report of the rise of home demonstration work, and its progress in the 
fifteen southern states during the last ten years, developing the fact 
that the character of the work was determined by the necessity for im- 
proving the economic conditions of the farm homes. The success of 
the work of the excellent women of the South is shown by the fact that 
throughout the South generally the work of home demonstration agents 
has commanded as great financial support as has the work of the county 
agents. 

Florence Ward, in charge of extension work with women. North and 
West, followed with an account of the rapid rise during war years of the 
home demonstration service in the thirty-three northern and western 
states. Miss Ward introduced members of her staff in charge of special 
phases of States Relations Service. Miss Van Hoesen discussed the 
development of home demonstration service in the cities, and Miss 
Birdseye the duties of home economics specialists in extension service. 
Miss Hoover and Miss Frysinger outlined their special work on the staff. 

In the absence of Miss Knowles of Iowa, who was to present the sub- 
ject of state organization, Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon of North Carolina, 
gave an interesting account of the development of the present organiza- 
tion in that state. 

The final discussion of the morning led by Dr. Knapp, Miss Ward, 
Miss Richardson, and Miss Stanley, concerned the Smith-Lever and 
Smith-Hughes work. 

Susie V. Powell presided over the Friday morning session. 

The following home economics extension problems were presented: 
Home Demonstration Agents' Training Courses, The University of 
Illinois Plan, Miss Bunch, State Leader of Illinois; Miss Matthews of 



1919] TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 9 

Purdue, Miss White of Ohio, Miss Hayes of Connecticut, and Mrs. 
McKimmon of North Carohna discussed various points in the plan 
presented. 

A round table discussion of the types of home demonstration projects 
followed. Dairy Work, Leader, Jessie M. Hoover, Dairy Demonstra- 
tion Agent, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agricul- 
ture; Poultry Work, Susie V. Powell, Assistant Director in Charge Home 
Demonstration Work, Mississippi; Clothing, Mabel Wilkerson, Textile 
SpeciaKst, University of IlKnois; Girls Clubs, Leader, Gertrude Warren, 
Boys and Girls Club Work, States Relations Service, U. S. Department 
of Agriculture. 

Reports followed by committees appointed the day before. The 
Nominating Committee submitted the following report: Chairman, 
Miss Bunch of IlKnois; Secretary, Mrs. Jane S. McKimmon of North 
Carohna. 

The chairman of the committee to develop the policy for extension 
work submitted the following report: 

Your committee on the pohcy of extension work respectfully recom- 
mends the appointment of the following committees for specific service 
during the coming year. 

First, a committee to make a survey of home demonstration projects 
in cities. Chairman, Miss Hayes of Connecticut, assisted by Miss 
Neal of Texas. 

Second, a committee to find out what is being done in definite train- 
ing for extension workers ; to encourage closer connection of the extension 
division with the college department of the institution of which it is 
a part; to outline a suggested course of study which will meet the needs 
of (a) agents who have had experience in the field, and (b) prospective 
agents: Miss Bunch of Ilhnois, Chairman; Miss Sales of New York, 
Miss Cresswell of Georgia, Miss McCheyne of Utah, Miss Scott of 
Tennessee, Miss Parrott of South Carolina. 

Third, a committee to bring to the attention of the Research Commit- 
tee of The American Home Economics Association research problems aris- 
ing in the extension field, and to request the chairman of the American 
Home Economics Association to send to state leaders reports of prob- 
lems in consideration in the dift'erent college laboratories. Chairman, 
Miss Kellar of Maryland; members, State Leaders of each of the forty- 
eight states. 

On motion the report was accepted and passed on to the Committee 
on Resolutions for the American Home Economics Association. 



10 BULLETIN AMEEicAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

A resolution from the textile section, presented by Miss Birdseye, 
asking approval of the extension section was approved by vote. 

Mr. Moran was introduced for a brief discussion of moving pictures 
as adding to recreation in extension service instruction. 

The section adjourned to meet at the next annual meeting of The 
American Home Economics Association. 

Mamie Bunch, 
Chairman, Extension Section. 

The Institution Economics Section of . the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association held its annual meeting at the University of Wiscon- 
sin, Madison, June 9-13. The program opened with addresses of wel- 
come from President E. A. Birge, Abby Marlatt, and Elsie P. Leonard, 
and a response by Lenna Cooper. 

Lively discussion followed the excellent addresses of Mrs. Hughes of 
the McAlpin on Opportunities for Women in the Modern Hotel, and Mr. 
Gregory of the LaSalle on Administration of the Business of the Modern 
Hotel. Both were most gracious and helpful in response to questions. 

The sessions devoted to teaching problems resolved themselves into a 
very free and vigorous discussion over basic requirements of a course for 
the training of dietitians. Miss Cooper, at that time Supervising Dieti- 
tian for the Army, brought to the notice of the Conference the tabulated 
results of a questionnaire sent out by her to schools and colleges giving 
institution training, by which she sought to learn what subjects were 
taught in home economics and what subjects could be considered as 
fundamentals for institution training. 

The program devoted to the Dietitian set our wits to working and 
brought out many pertinent questions as to training, status, and ethics. 
The address made by Dr. Hugh Greeley on the Relation of the Physician 
and the Dietitian in the Hospital was especially rich in food for thought. 

After several sessions of unusually free and frank discussion in assem- 
bly and in committee, a proposed two-year course for dietitians was drawn 
up for consideration at the Blue Ridge meeting and also at the meeting 
of the American Dietetic Association in Cincinnati in September. Em- 
phasis was laid, and should be laid, on the fact that determination of 
the length of time in training was not the all-important point sought for 
so much as the determination of certain fundamental subjects which 
could be fairly and definitely required for a course in Institutional 
Administration for Dietitians. 



1919] TWELFTH ANNUAL MEETING 11 

The ever-present and highly interesting School-Lunch and Cafeteria 
problems were given ample space and treatment under the able leader- 
ship of Miss Treen of the New England Kitchen, Boston. Excellent 
talks, discussion, and pictures — both stereopticon and motion — made this 
section prominent and enjoyable. 

Tea Room Management, Dormitory Administration, and Marketing 
for the Institution were presented by experienced administrators in these 
types of institutional work. 

The conference numbered only about one hundred, but there was 
a fine spirit of comradeship. Everybody came to know everyone 
else and many, because of our "family life" in session and out, found 
help in the solution of vexatious problems. Several excellent talks by 
men skilled in the building of various types of equipment and furnishing 
proved particularly helpful. It was very gratifying and inspiring indeed 
to have with us prominent hotel and restaurant people — both men and 
women — from the East and Middle West, and institutional adminis- 
trators from the East, far West, and South. 

The sessions were enlivened by motor trips around lovely Madison, by 
boat trips on her lakes, and by visits to the many points of interest on 
the University Campus. The Department of Halls and Commons was 
open at all times to the visitors — The Central Kitchen proving to be a 
mecca at all hours. 

Through unexpected delay in the arrival of the report of the Madison 
meeting sent to Blue Ridge for the Institution Economics Section meet- 
ings, and also through an unfortunate confusion in regard to leaders 
and meetings, it is much to be regretted that Institution Economics did 
not play so prominent a part in the Blue Ridge Conference as the Chair- 
man sincerely planned and expected. 

Elsie P. Leonard, 
Chairman, Institution Economics Section. 

The Textile Section. In the absence of Ethelwyn Miller, chairman 
of the Textile Section, Mabel Trilling acted in her stead. 

The reports by committees appointed the preceding year constituted 
the program. 

Marion Weller, chairman of the committee appointed to investigate 
the teaching of textiles and clothing to find out in how far the work 
functioned in training intelUgent bujdng, sent her report, which may be 
outlined as follows: 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The committee sent out a letter^ to high schools and colleges and al- 
though they thought that the returns did not sufficiently represent the 
various sections of the country the responses were of interest. 

1. In many schools students are required and in others merely encouraged 
to keep systematic accounts of their expenditures. 

2. Budget making is studied in many places, usually on a theoretical basis. 
Many teachers said the work on budgets was to be introduced the coming 
year. 

3. No reports indicated work based on an allowance for clothing. Most of 
the answers reported that students' selection of clothing showed improvement 
as a result of clothing study. Some felt the limitations of the mothers' super- 
vision and of the limited assortment of local stores. 

4. Practically all reported teaching of renovating and remodelling. 

5. Only one school reported a plan for testing garments for length of service. 

6. The courses for normal schools and colleges showed definite work in de- 
sign. Some reported dissatisfaction with the cooperation thus far secured 
between the art courses and clothing courses in carrying out the designs. 

7. Some schools reported shopping trips and excursions to mills, others trips 
to nearby towns under supervision. All reported stores and buyers very 
willing to cooperate. 

Many expressed appreciation for the suggestions afforded by the letter 
and intended incorporation of the ideas into their courses for this year. 

The committee appointed for the purpose of investigating the Red 
Cross work done in the clothing classes reported that the work planned 
had been discontinued as the needs changed at the signing of the 
Armistice. 

Mabel Trilhng reported work done at the University of Chicago by the 
group appointed to investigate the content of courses of study in textiles 
and clothing and also to consider the use of scientific tests. 

The work of this group has been of unusual importance, for they have 
made and are continuing a very detailed analysis of courses of study and 
text books in common use, for the purpose of determining how the time 
and attention of the student are being divided in the various phases of 
the subject. A report of this work will be pubhshed by the University 
of Chicago Press, and will be intensely interesting to all teachers of 
home economics. 

Two new projects were launched as a result of questions brought 
up in this meeting. 

1 The letter appeared in the August Journal, p. 367 . 



1919] COUNCIL MEETINGS 13 

Miriam Birdseye was made chairman of a committee to attempt the 
standardization of a few materials in common use.^ 

An effort to improve the quality of interiors shown in moving pictures 
resulted in the appointment of a committee.' 

The meetings were very well attended and show considerable promise 
of the growth of the importance of the Textile Section. 

The election of ofiQcers for the ensuing year resulted as follows: Chair- 
man, Mabel Trilling; Secretary, Florence E. Winchell. 

Florence E. Winchell, 
Secretary, Textile Section. 

council meetings 

Five Council Meetings were held at Blue Ridge. The following mem- 
bers were present at one or more of these meetings: Miss White, presid- 
ing; Mrs. Norton, Dr. Langworthy, Dr. Andrews, Misses MulHgan, 
Field, Hayes, Lord, Agnes Ellen Harris, Cara Harris, McGowan, Ward, 
Blunt, Thomas, Trilling, Bunch, ElHott, Snow, Sweeney, Matthews, 
Stanley, Winchell, Richardson, Blood, Baldwin. 

The following is a summary of the business conducted at these 
meetings : 

The report of the Finance Committee, including the Treasurer's re- 
port, was read and approved, and three new members'* were added to the 
Finance Committee to represent the East, Middle West, and South. 

It was decided not to require an attendance fee for the Annual Meet- 
ing, but to urge all to become members of the Association. 

It was voted to print a directory to contain the name, address, pro- 
fessional training, position, and official title of the members of the 
Association. 

The President was asked to formulate a letter, in consultation with the 
Finance Committee, to be sent by members of the Council to non- 
members of the Association, asking them to become members. 

The Secretary was instructed to communicate with the American Die- 
tetics Association, in order to determine their relationship to the Ameri- 
can Home Economics Association. 

* A more detailed account of the work of this committee is to be found in the Septem- 
ber Journal, p. 388. 

* For further details see the general report of the Blue Ridge Meeting, page 3. 

* For committees see p. 26. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Voted that the Secretary notify chairmen of sections that main meet- 
ings of sections must be held at time and place of annual meetings of 
Association. 

Voted that a Committee on Research Information be formed, con- 
sisting of Miss Denton, Chairman, and the Chairmen of the Science, 
Textile, Extension, and Institution Sections. 

Voted that President appoint a committee of three, the President ex- 
officio member, to consider ways and means of accomplishing legislation 
which is beneficial to the best interests of Home Economics. 

Miss Lord, as Chairman of Committee on Revision of Constitution, 
presented the following scheme for affiliation : 

Whereas the Council of the A. H. E. A, recognizes the importance of 
fuUer and closer organization of those working in and interested in home 
economics, and 

Whereas in the opinion of the Council the state should be the unit of or- 
ganization, and state associations everywhere stimulated and encouraged, 
both for their own local work and for the furtherance of national home 
economics interest, be it 

Resolved, that the Council encourage such organization and activity during 
the coming year by the following methods: 

1. The appointment, for each of the regions named later, of an officer to be 
known as "regional councilor," who shall develop state organizations within 
the assigned disitrict, shall arrange, when advisable, for regional meetings, and 
shall in every way assume the responsibility of building up the A: H. E. A. 
in that region and of furthering its work, 

2. By the ruling that every state association may become affiliated with the 
national association on payment of an annual fee of $5, provided such associa- 
tion has in its own membership at least ten members of the A. H. E. A. 

3. By giving each affiliated association representation on the national 
council through the election of one member (also a member of the A. H. E. A.) 
as representative councilor, as has been the custom in the past. 

4. By planning for a reorganization that will give the state associations 
due recognition, responsibilities, and privileges. 

''Regions" for A. H. E. A. 

1. Eastern: Six New England States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, District of Columbia. 

2. Southern: Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroling,, Georgia, Florida, 
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, Kentucky, 
Maryland. 



1919] BUSINESS MEETINGS 15 

3. Central: West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Iowa. 

4. West Central: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico. 

5. Pacific: Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California. 

6. Canada. 

Voted that report be accepted. 

It was decided informally that all clubs requesting it be accepted, — • 
undergraduate as allied; community, city, and other clubs as affiliated. 

At the request of Miss Lord the Vocational Section was made a com- 
mittee instead of a section. Miss Lord, as Chairman, was given power 
to add to her committee as desired. 

Voted that the Committee on Elementary and Secondary School 
Courses in the A. H. E. A. be identical with the Committee on Reorgani- 
zation of Secondary School Courses in Home Economics, as appointed 
by the N. E. A., with the addition of Miss Anna Richardson of the 
Federal Board for Vocational Education. 

The following committee was appointed to consider the feasibility of 
changing the ruling which requires separate teachers for related science 
and regular science courses in Smith-Hughes Schools: Edith Thomas, 
Chairman; Dean Vivian, Cora M. Winchell, Alice Loomis, Jean Cox. 

A committee on Thrift was appointed.^ 

Miss Winchell was reappointed as secretary and Mr. H. G. Turpin 
as treasurer. 

The appointment of the Ellen H. Richards Fund trustees was post- 
poned until the November meeting of the Council. 

Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 

BUSINESS MEETINGS 

Two business meetings of the Association were held at Blue Ridge, 
Miss White presiding. 

At the first meeting the proposed changes in the Constitution, as mailed 
to all members May 24, were read and all were voted except the Suggested 
change, 2, By-laws, Article I, Elections, which provided for two nomina- 
tions. It was decided that new nominations might be added to those 
made by the committee, at the time of election. Hence the original 
statement remains. 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The Nominating Committee reported as follows: 

President— Edna N. White; Vice-President — Mary E. Sweeny. 

Councilors, terms to expire 1924 — Alice Blood, Simmons College; 
Cara Harris, Shelby County, Tenn.; Anna Richardson, Federal Board 
for Vocational Education; Mildred Weigley, University of Minnesota; 
Ava Milam, Oregon Agricultural College, Corval is. 

At the second meeting, the Secretary's report of the last annual busi- 
ness meeting was read and accepted. 

The new officers were elected as nominated above. 

The following committee reports were presented and accepted : Com- 
mittees on Legislation, Home Economics Day, State Supervision, Social 
Work, Pen and Press, International Committee on Teaching Home 
Economics. 

The Treasurer's Report was read. The report follows: 

Baltimore, Md., June 20, 1919. 

I beg to submit herewith a trial balance of the American Home Economics 
Association showing items of receipts and expenditures from January 1, 1919, 
to June 13, 1919. 

Receipts from all sources for this period total $5936.37, of which $142.50 is 
for life memberships and is to be used for current expenses only to the extent 
of 5 per cent each year. 

For the same period there has been paid $5843.52, or about $50.00 less 
than was received. 

If the same ratio is continued through the balance of the year, the books 
can be closed in December without showing a loss. 

I regret that I am not in a position to be of some material assistance in the 
affairs of the association, but, as explained to Miss Baldwin on several occa- 
sions, it will be impossible for me to take any active interest in the policies to 
be carried out; therefore if at any time the management feels that it would 
like to have someone as treasurer who could be of more assistance than I, it 
will be perfectly agreeable to me that someone else be selected for treasurer. 

Very respectfully, 

(Signed) H. G. Turpin, 

Treasurer. 



1919] 



BUSINESS MEETINGS 



17 



Trial Balance as of June 13, 1919 



Dr. 

Cash in bank Baltimore Trust 
Company 

Cash in bank Baltimore Trust 
Company Savings Depart- 
ment 

R. M. F. Trustees 

Association : 

Traveling expenses 

Printing and stationery 

Postage 

Bulletin 

Special 

Advertising 



Journal: 

Salaries, officers 

Reprints 

Traveling expenses 

Printing and stationery. 

Postage 

Special 

Distribution 

Discount to news dealers . 
Refunds 



Joint: 

Salaries, officers 

Salaries, clerical 

Advertising 

Rent 

Postage 

Telephone and telegraph . 

Supplies 

Miscellaneous 

Printing and stationery. . 

Equipment 

Petty Cash, Miss Winchell . 
Petty Cash, Mrs. Norton . . 
Petty Cash, Miss Baldwin . 



.56 



595.11 
4,070.56 



16.26 
27.64 
36.00 
63.93 
26.96 
24.50 



500.00 

106.79 

14.00 

34.36 

7.60 

45.37 

3,289.06 

100.24 

5.55 



625.00 

454.15 

4.00 

100.00 

100.04 

17.48 

7.52 

10.05 

31.95 

195.07 

75.00 

20.43 

9.13 

$11,482.31 



Cr. 

Surplus 

R. M. F 

Institution Section. . . . 

Life memberships 

Association dues 

Journal numbers .... 
Journal advertising . . 

Books 

Excess payments 

Journal subscriptions . 

Exchange 

R. M. F. publications . . 



$793.81 

4,305.87 

81.47 

142.50 

1,124.00 

125.44 

889.16 

6.42 

.22 

3,647.58 

1.05 

364.99 

11,482.31 



It was voted that the report be accepted and that the Secretary be 
instructed to thank Mr. Turpin. 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

The following report of the Finance Committee was read by Miss 
Lord, Chairman, and accepted by the Association: 

June, 1919. 

To the Council: 

The Committee did not present a fuller budget at the February Council 
meeting (Chicago), as there was no data for this. It seems hardly possible to 
do so in any case for 1919, though it should be possible in December to make a 
more nearly accurate budget for 1920. 

The Committee is confident, however, that expenditures this year will not 
€xceed the budget presented and approved January 7, 1919. 

There is a question, however, as to the receipts as calculated in that budget. 
The financial campaign for $250, approved at that time by the Council, has 
brought in $251, but $47 of this is in Journal subscriptions. These are de- 
sirable from every point of view, but they do not add to the Association re- 
sources. The amount needed is therefore still $46. All pledges have not 
been fulfilled, and the Committee is confident that the entire amount will be 
raised. The receipts from January to May are $934.50. If $365.50 more 
comes in (from dues and the campaign) before December 31, there will ap- 
parently be no deficit. After the annual meeting, at which time many mem- 
bers pay dues, we shall be better able to calculate this. 

As Mr. Turpin, the treasurer, cannot give any other time to A. H. E. A. 
matters than keeping the accounts, the Finance Committee has only two 
active members. They respectfully ask that two more members be appointed, 
one to represent the middle west and one near enough New York to hold 
meetings with the chairman. 

The Committee reports that the Journal budget submitted to the Council 
February, 1919, and by them approved subject to approval by the Finance 
Committee, was approved by them without their accepting any responsibility 
as they have no data enabling them to make a judgment on a Journal budget. 

The Institution Economics Section has decided that it is not able to return 
to the Association the balance credited to it. Therefore the Association can- 
not count on that $80. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) Isabel Ely Lord, 

Chairman. 

The report of the Journal Board was presented by Miss Wheeler 
and accepted by the Association. 

The various Sections of the Association reported officers and plans 
for the year.^ 

^ For details of Section meetings see pp. 6-13; for officers of Sections see p. 26. 



1919] BUSINESS MEETINGS 19 

Miss Blood then reported for the Committee on Time and Place of 
Meeting. It was suggested that we investigate the possibility of going 
to Colorado, preferably to Estes Park. Other suggestions were (1) 
University of Minnesota, (2) Bozeman, Montana. 

It was decided that the last week in June is a desirable time because 
winter meetings interfere with state association meetings. It was de- 
cided that the meetings should extend over one week. It was agreed 
that if Estes Park cannot accommodate the Association, Denver Univer- 
sity or Colorado Springs be considered. The work of the committee 
was ordered continued. 

The report of the Committee on Committees was read by Miss Fields 
Secretary of the Committee.* The Committee recommended that the 
following committees be discontinued : Exhibits, Home Economics Day, 
and Organization. That the work of the Home Economics Day Com- 
mittee be taken by the Pen and Press Committee, and that the Execu- 
tive Committee act as a Reorganization Committee. 

Voted that the Committee on Exhibits be continued with Miss Caro- 
line Hunt as Chairman, with power to select committee members. 

The report of the Committee on Committees was accepted with this 
one change. 

Dr. Langworthy next gave the report of the special committee on oppor- 
tunities and needs in the field of home economics. Report accepted. 

The Secretary read the preliminary statement from Miss Rose, Chair- 
man of the committee appointed to survey the field and make recom- 
mendations for modification of home economics courses to meet changing 
conditions of the present day. Report accepted. 

The Secretary then announced the main acts of the Council, during 
the meeting of the Association.^ 

The Committee on Resolutions then reported, and the resolutions were 
accepted by the Association. The resolutions as adopted are as follows: 

I. Whereas, The A. H. E. A. recognizes the unique opportunity of the Home 
Demonstration Agents to bring to the attention of the Association problems 
which require laboratory experimentation for their solution, and 

Whereas, The Association appreciates the valuable services of the Exten- 
sion Workers in securing in the homes of the country practical application of 
the principles of home improvement for which this organization stands, and 

Whereas, The demand for extension service is far in excess of the supply 
of well-trained workers; therefore be it 

* See Council meetings pp. 13-15. 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. recommends the arrangement of home eco- 
nomics courses in colleges and universities, so that during the junior and senior 
years such electives may be chosen as will best fit the candidate for extension 
work to understand her field; that at least one unit in demonstration teach- 
ing be included in every teachers course, and that a special year be offered, 
open to graduates in home economics, providing part time for class instruc- 
tion in the pedagogy of extension teaching; the details of field and office organ- 
ization and part time in practice work in the field under the supervision of the 
extension division. 

II. Whereas, The A. H. E. A. recognizing the great need for Home Eco- 
nomics education to safeguard, develop, and protect the interests of the 
American home so fundamental to a program of sound national Hfe, 

And realizing that the present provisions for the same are inadequate to 
meet the needs of the large groups of homemakers and future homemakers; 
be it 

Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. urge that the present session of Congress 
pass the bill entitled "A bill to provide for cooperation with the states in the 
promotion of vocational education in Home Economics, and to appropriate 
money and regulate its expenditure. " 

That copies of these resolutions be sent to the Chairmen of the Senate and 
House Committees on Education and Labor, and be given to the press. 

III. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. heartily endorses the National Thrift 
and Savings Movement, and calls upon all home economics workers to partici- 
pate personally in this movement by furthering the introduction of govern- 
ment savings societies and the U. S. Thrift clubs into schools and especially 
all groups and clubs of women and girls. 

We recommend the appointment of a National Thrift Committee of the 
A. H. E. A. to include three members who are asked to appoint a Home 
Economics Thrift Chairman in each state, whose duties will include 

(1) Promoting the Thrift Movement among all home economics institutions 
and departments. 

(2) Organizing Thrift Projects within the regular home economics work. 

(3) Establishing thrift standards for students by introducing thrift in- 
struction into the courses of study, by encouraging all students to keep ac- 
counts, working out with them carefully planned budgets for their school 
expenditures. 

(4) Providing for the sale of Thrift and War Savings Stamps and other 
Government securities, in every school. 

(5) Encouraging home economics workers to cooperate as speakers on thrift 
before clubs and other meetings. 



1919] BUSINESS MEETINGS 21 

IV.'' Whereas, We as home economics teachers realize that women form the 
bulk of retail purchasers of textile fabrics, and whereas we believe that in the 
interests of efficient homemaking and of individual and national thrift they 
should be trained to select such fabrics with discrimination and to study 
expenditure for clothing in relation to income; therefore be it 

Resolved, That this Association urge all teachers of clothing in elementary 
and high schools, vocational schools, normal schools, and colleges, and all 
home economics extension workers, to feature the selection of textiles and 
the clothing budget in their courses of study for the coming year; and further 
that it request the active cooperation of the General Federation of Women's 
Clubs and of women's magazines and farm journals in bringing these matters 
before American women and girls; and 

Whereas, We believe that a large percentage of American women are 
ready today to create and maintain a market for textile fabrics conforming 
to reasonable standards, and know that we can readily reach these and others 
through the various types of home economics teaching in which our members 
are engaged, be it 

Resolved, That this Association invite the cooperation of associations of 
manufacturers, jobbers, and retailers in determining such standards, and 
in putting on the market a limited number of standardized fabrics of 
various grades on which is placed some identifying symbol signifying such 
standardization. 

V. Finally, in recognition of our enjoyable week at Blue Ridge, be it 

Resolved, That the Secretary be asked to express for the A. H. E, A. thanks 
to Dr. Weatherford of the Blue Ridge Association and his staff of fine young 
men and women whose kindly thoughtfulness has helped to make our stay so 
delightful; and especially to Miss Brooks and Miss Davis, whose able manage- 
ment of the dining haU proves the value of our institutional division. 

That an expression of appreciation be recorded, of the cordial hospitahty 
of the entire Southern group, and gratitude for the additional profit and 
pleasure we have enjoyed from the meetings of the Southern Home Economics 
Association. 

That a friendly fellowship be expressed for the other groups in conference 
here, whose work for the development of a better citizenship is not unrelated 
to our own. 

That a special vote of thanks be accorded the Program Committee and all 
who contributed to the success of their effort, for so arranging the program as 
to allow an unhurried enjoyment of aU the helpful and inspiring messages it 
provided. 

Cora M. Winchell, 
Secretary. 

'' These resolutions were proposed by the Textile Section. The substance of these 
resolutions was also discussed and endorsed separately by the Extension Section. 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

THE LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM OF THE AMERICAN HOME 
ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

In view of the increasing interest in promoting Home Economics 
Education through legislative enactments the American Home Eco- 
nomics Association at its annual meeting at Blue Ridge, N. C, decided 
to enlarge the legislative committee and extend its activities by develop- 
ing a state organization. 

A representative of the Association has been appointed in each state, 
one of whose duties is to keep the women of her state informed of pro- 
posed or needed measures affecting home economics interests, and to 
enlist the active support of all women's organizations for such legislation. 

It will also be the duty of this chairman to see that the Congressmen 
of her state are made familiar with such measures and are informed of 
the attitude of the women of the state toward them. 

Each member of the Association is asked to put herself in touch with 
her State Chairman and offer her services in furthering the legislative 
program. 

At the present time there is before Congress a bill introduced by 
Senator Reed Smoot providing a small fund for each state for research 
in Home Economics. The bill (S. 2380) was presented on July 8^ 
1919 and was read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture 
and Forestry. The value of such state appropriation for research has 
been satisfactorily demonstrated in the case of Agriculture, and the 
Smoot bill should receive the unanimous endorsement and active sup- 
port of every woman interested in progress in homemaking. 

Another bill in contemplation at the present time is one *'to pro- 
vide for cooperation with the states in the promotion of Vocational 
Education in Home Economics and to appropriate money and regulate 
its expenditures." 

This bill has been submitted to various state departments of Voca- 
tional Education and revised in the light of the suggestions which have 
been received. While it has not seemed wise to bring this bill before 
the present session, there is reason to believe that it will be introduced 
at an early date and it also will need the active support of the Com- 
mittee and the Association. 

The arguments for this bill were given in detail in the article which 
appeared in the June number of the Journal, The article may be 
summarized briefly as follows: 



1919] LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM 23 

1. The administration of Home Economics funds should be unham- 
pered by the rules for Trade and Industry. 

2. Better financial support for Home Economics education is needed. 

3. The distribution of funds for Home Economics should be on the 
basis of total population rather than on the basis of urban population. 

4. Increased funds are needed for administration and research in 
Home Economics. 

Two changes have been made in the wording of the bill since it was 
published in the June Journal. One pro\ades that such education 
shall be conducted in schools or classes which are under public super- 
vision or control; the other provides that at least one third of the sum 
appropriated to any state shall be expended for the salaries of teachers 
in evening or part time classes especially designed for those who have 
already entered upon employment. 

Part of the text of the Smoot Bill follows: . 

a bill to provide for an increased annual appropriation for agricul- 
tural EXPERIMENT STATIONS, TO BE USED IN RESEARCHES AND EXPERI- 
MENTS IN HOME ECONOMICS, AND REGULATING THE EXPENDITURE THEREOF 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled, That there shall be, and hereby is, perma- 
nently appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- 
priated, to be paid as hereinafter provided, annually to each State and Terri- 
tory for the more complete endowment and maintenance of agricultural 
experiment stations now established or which may hereafter be established in 
accordance with an Act of Congress approved March 2, 1887, and Acts sup- 
plementary thereto, except that in States in which the experiment station 
established under said Act did not on July 1, 1919, have a department for 
the investigation of home economics, the beneficiary of this Act shall be that 
institution which is now receiving the benefits of an Act approved May 8, 
1914,^ to provide for cooperative extension work in agriculture and home 
economics, the sum of $2,500 in addition to the sums named in said Acts, be- 
ginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1917, to be applied only to paying 
the necessary expenses of conducting original or confirmatory researches and 
experiments bearing directly on home economics, including both domestic 
science and domestic art, and printing and disseminating the results of said 
researches or experiments, having due regard to the varying conditions and 
needs of the respective States and Territories. 

Sec 2. That for the purposes specified in section 1 of this Act there are also 
appropriated, to be paid, as hereinafter provided, to each State and Territory 

1 Smith Lever funds. 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 

an additional sum of $2,500 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, and an 
additional sum of $5,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, and an 
additional sum of $7,500 for each fiscal year thereafter. No payment, out of 
the sums appropriated by this section, shall be made in any year to any State 
or Territory until a sum equal to that appropriated by this section for each 
State and Territory has been appropriated by its legislature, or has been 
otherwise made available for that year by State, county, experiment station, 
or local authority for maintenance of cooperative research work and experi- 
ments under this Act. 

Sec, 3. That cooperative research work and experiments shall be car- 
ried on in such manner as may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of 
Agriculture and the State or territorial experiment stations receiving the 
benefits of this Act. Bulletins or reports of progress, giving the results of 
researches or experiments in home economics, shall be published by said sta- 
tions from time to time, and shall be distributed free of charge in accordance 
with such plans as the Secretary of Agriculture and the experiment stations 
may agree upon. 

Sec. 5. No portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, 
under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or 
repair of any building or buildings, or to the purchase or rental of land, or to 
the compensation of any person engaged during the same period in the per- 
formance of any duties other than conducting researches or experiments bear- 
ing directly on home economics, or printing and disseminating the results 
thereof. 

Both of these bills are being actively supported by the Federation of 
Women's Clubs under the leadership of Mrs. Greene the national chair- 
man for Home Economics and they should be pushed by every profes- 
sional worker in Home Economics. 

A list of the State Chairmen and of the members of the Educational 
Committee of the Senate and House follows: 

State Chairmen 

Alabama — President T. W. Palmer, Alabama Girls Technical Institute, Montevallo. 
Arizona — Mrs. Mary P. Lockwood, State Agricultural College, Tucson. 
Arkansas. — Mr. A. B. Hill, State Director of Vocational Education, Little Rock. 
California — Maude Murchie, State Board of Vocational Education, Sacramento. 
Colorado — Inga Allison, State Agricultural College, Ft. Collins. 
Connecticut — Maude Hayes, Connecticut Agricultural College, Storrs. 
Delaware — S. Helen Bridge, The Women's College of Delaware, Newark. 

Dean Winifred Robinson. 
Florida — Edith M. Thomas, Florida State College for Women, Tallahassee. 
Georgia — Mary C. Creswell, State College of Agriculture, Athens. 
Idaho — Amy Kelly, Agricultural Extension Service, Boise. 



1919] LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM 25 

Illinois — Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois, Urbana. 

Indiana — INIary Matthews, Purdue University, Lafayette. 

Iowa — Catherine McKay, Iowa State College, Ames. 

Kansas — Mrs. Mary P. Van Zile, State College of Agriculture, Manhattan. 

Kentucky — Mary Sweeny, University of Kentucky, Lexington. 

Louisiana — Cleora Helbing, State Board of Vocational Education, Baton Rouge. 

Maine — Bernardine Cooney, State Normal School, Farmington. 

Maryland — Mrs. Mary H. Abel, Windsor Mill Road, Baltimore. 

Massachusetts — Louise F. Pryor, State Board of Vocational Education, Boston. 

Anna A. Kloss, Board of Education, Boston. 
Michigan — Mary Edmonds, State College, Lansing. 
Minnesota — Mildred Weigley, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. 
Mississippi — Susie Gunther, Industrial Institute and College, Columbus. 
Missouri — Mrs. Walter McNabb Miller, Fullerton Building, St. Louis. 
Montana — May Trumper, State Superintendent, Public Institute, Helena, 

Besse Rowe, State College, Bozeman. 
Nebraska — Alice Loomis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 
New Hampshire — Bertha E. Titsworth, State College of Agriculture, Durham. 
New Jersey — Mrs. Iris O'Leary, State Department of Public Instruction, Trenton. 
New Mexico — Mrs. Ruth MiUer, State Board of Vocational Education, Santa Fe. 
New York — Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell University, Ithaca. 
North Carolina — Mary Arrington, 219 N. Church St., Rocky Mount. 
North Dakota — Katherine Jensen, State Agricultural College, Agricultural College. 
Ohio — Edna White, Ohio State University, Columbus, 
Oklahoma — Avis Gwinn, State University, Norman. 
Oregon — Ava B. Milam, Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis. 

Pennsylvania — Mrs. Anna G. Green, State Board of Vocational Education, Harrisburg. 
Rhode Island — Bessie Beemis, Agricultural College, Kingston, 
South Carolina — Edna Coith, Winthrop College, Rock Hill. 

South Dakota — Mrs. Eva Robinson Dawes, University of South Dakota, Vermilion. 
Tennessee — Martha Thomas, University of Tennessee, KnoxvUle. 
Texas — Bess Heflin, University of Texas, Austin, 

Mary E. Gearing, University of Texas. 
Utah — Jean Cox, State Board of Vocational Education, Salt Lake City. 
Vermont — Bertha Terrill, University of Vermont, Burlington. 
Virginia — Ella G. Agnew, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. 
Washington — Effie Raitt, University of Washington, Seattle. 

Agnes Craig, State College of Washington, Pullman. 
West Virginia — Rachael Colwell, West Virginia University, Morgantown. 
Wisconsin — Abbey Marlatt, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 
Wyoming — Mrs. Goyne Drummond, Riverton. 

Senate Committee on Education 

Wm. S. Kenyon, Iowa, R., Chairman Hoke Smith, Georgia, D, 

Wm. E. Borah, Idaho, R. Andrieus A. Jones,jNew Mexico, D. 

Carroll S. Page, Vermont, R. Kenneth McKellar, Tennessee, D. 

George P. McLean, Connecticut, R. Josiah O. Wolcott, Delaware, D. 

Thomas Sterling, S. Dakota, R. David I. Walsh, Massachusetts, D. 
Lawrence C. Phipps, Colorado, R. 



26 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [November 



House Committee on Education 



Simeon D. Fess, R., Chairvian 

Horace M. Towner, Iowa, R. 

Edmund Piatt, New York, R. 

Pred. W. Dallinger, Massachusetts, R. 

Albert H. Vestal,. Indiana, R. 

Sherman E. Burroughs, New Hampshire, R. 

Edward J. Kind, Illinois, R. 

Daniel Reed, New York, R. 

J. M. Robsion, Kentuckj', R. 



William J. Sears, Florida, D. 

(Former chairman) 
William B. Bankhead, Alabama, D. 
Charles H. Brand, Georgia, D. 
Thomas L. Blanton, Texas, D. 
Jerome F. Donovan, New York, D. 
William L. Nelson. Missouri, D. 



SECTIONS, COMMITTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE A. H. E. A. 



Institution Economics 

Elsie Leonard, Chairman 
Lenna Cooper, Secretary 

Science 

Katharine Blunt, Chairman 
Mabel Olson, Secretary 



Extension 

Mamie Bunch, Chairman 

Mrs. Jane McKimmon, Secretary 

Textile 

Mabel Trilling, Chairman 
Florence E. Winchell, Secretary 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



Legislation 

Louise Stanley, Chairman 
Sophonisba P. Breckenridge 
Mrs. Russell B. Morgan 
Mrs. Evelyn Smith Tobey 

State Supervision 

Edith M. Thomas, Chairman 
Adelaide Baylor 
Agnes Ellen Harris 

Exhibits 

Caroline Hunt, Chairman 
(Members to be chosen) 



International Committee on Teaching Home 
Economics 

B. R. Andrews, Chairman 
Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 
Anna E. Richardson 
Catharine J. MacKay 
Dean Thompson 
Fannie Twiss 



Educational Research 



Mabel Trilling, Chairman 
Dean Charters 
Ethelwyn Miller 



Social Work 

Emma Winslow Chairman 
Lucy Gillett 
Sarah J. McLeod 



Thrift 

Ruth Wardall, Chairman 
Helen HoUister 
Lois Ermn 



1919] 



LEGISLATIVE PROGEAM 



27 



On Time and Place of Meeting 

Inga Allison, Chairman 
Elizabeth Vermilye Robinson 
Edna N. White 
Katharine Blunt 
Bess Heflin 

Program 

Abby Marlatt, Chairman 
Chairmen of Sections 

Finance 

Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 
Mrs. Ellen P. Dabney 
Mrs. Martha H. French 
Emma H. Gunther 
Susie V. Powell 



Pen and Press 

Helen Atwater, Chairman 
Helen Louise Johnson 
Mabel T. Welhnan 
Mary Sweeny 
Ava B, Milam 
Annie L. Laird 

Journal Board 

Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor 
Keturah E. Baldwin, Business Editor 
Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, 5 years 
C. F. Langworthy, 4 years 
Amy Daniels. 3 years 
Ruth Wheeler, 2 years 
Ethehvyn Miller, 1 year 



The American Home Economics Association 

Organized Dec. 31, 1908. Incorporated May 12, 1909. 

The American Home Economics Association exists for the purpose of bringing together those interested in the bettering 
of conditions in the home, the school, the public institution, and the community. 
Membership Dues: Annual $2.00; Life $50.00. 



ISABEL BEVIER. 
University of Illinois, Urbana 

Secretary 
CORA M. VVINCHELL, 

Teachers College, 

New York City 



President 
EDNA N. WHITE, 
Ohio State University, Columbus 
Vice-Presidents 
C. F. LANGWORTHY, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D. C. 
Office Secretary Treas0reh 

KETURAH E. BALDWIN, H. GALE TURPIN, 

1211 Cathedral St., Baltunore Trust Company, 

Baltimore Baltimore 



MARY E. SWEENY, 

University of Kentucky, Lexington 

Editor of the Journal 

MRS. ALICE P. NORTON, 

1211 Cathedral St., 

Baltimore, Md. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
The Executive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, treas- 
urer, the editor of the Journal, and the office secretary, ex officio, and five additional members of the Council, chosen by the 
Council, viz.: Sarah Louise Arnold, Anna Barrows, Alice Loomis, Mary E. Matthews, Catharine Mulligan. 



Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, 

U. S. Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 
Fannie Twiss, 

Normal School, Regina, 
Saskatchewan, Canada 



Effie Raitt, 

University of Washington, 
Seattle, Wash. 

Emeune Whitcomb, 

University of Montana. 
Missoula, Mont. 



EioiA WmsLOW, 
Teachers College, 
New York City. 
Ada Field, 

George Peabody College, 
Nashville, Tenn. 



Maude MuRcaiE, 
Sacramento, Cal. 



Florence Ward, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., 

Washington, D. C. 

Alice F. Blood, 
Simmons College, 
Boston. 

Anna Richardson, 

Federal Board for Vocational 
Washington. 



COUNCILORS AT LARGE 
TERMS EXPIRE 1920 
AuceLoomi?, 

University of Nebraska, 
Lincoln, Neb. 

Edna N. Whtte, 

University of Ohio, 
Columbus, Ohio. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1921 
Ruth Wardall, 

University of Iowa, 
Iowa City, Iowa 

Mary E. Matthews, 
Purdue University, 
LaFayette, Ind. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1922 
Jenny H. Snow, 

Sup'v'r Household Arts, 
Chicago, III. 

Grace Denny, 

Univ. of Washington, 
Seattle. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1923 
Auce Ravenhill, 
23 Dallas Ave., 
Victoria, B.C. 
Mary Gearing 

University of Texas, 
Austin. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1924 
Cara Harris, 
Court House, 

Memphis, Tenn. 
Ava Milam, 
Education, Oregon Agricultural College 

Corvallis. 



Mary E. Sweeney, 

University of Kentucky 
Lexington, Ky. 



Mrs . Charles W. Greenk, 
814 Columbia Ave., 

Columbia, Mo 



Caklotta Gkexr, 

E. Tech. High School. 
Cleveland. Ohio. 



E. V. McCOLLUM, 

Johns Hopkins Unveniity 
Baltimore, Md. 



Mildred Weigley, 
Univ. of Minn., 

Univ. Farm, St. Paul. 



SECTIONAL COUNCILORS 
Institution Economics Section: Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid Club, N. Y.; Elsie Leonard, Univ. of Wis. 
Science Section: Katharine Blunt, Univ. of Chicago. 

Extension Section: Mamie Bdnch, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. 

Textile Section: Mabel Trilling, Univ. of Chicago. 

REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS 
One representative councilor may be chosen by each affiliated association. 

TRUSTEES OF THE ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1921 
Elizabbth Condit, Robert H. Richards, 

Pratt Institute, Mass, Inst, of Technology. 

Brooklyn, N. Y. Boston, Mass. 



Mrs. Mary H. Abel, 
Woodlawn, Md. 



Marion Talbot, 

University of Chicago, 

Chicago, ni. 



Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New' York, 
(Secretary and Treasurer.) 

Martha Van Rensselaer, 

Cornell University, 

Ithaca, N. Y. 



TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1922 
Katharine Blunt, Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin, 

University of Chicago Bureau of Education, 

Washington, D. C. 

TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1923 
Mrs. Annie Dewey, Anna Barrows, 

Lake Placid Club, Teachers College, 

Lake Placid, N. Y New York City. 



Louise Stanley, 

Federal Board for Vocational 

Education, 

Washington, D. C. 

Bertha M. Tersill, 
Univ. of Vermont, 
Burlington, Vt. 



Series 5 



DECEMBER, 1919 



No. 4 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 



DIRECTORY 



Published four times a year 
by the 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

1211 Cathedral Street 

BALTIMORE, MD. 



Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 5 DECEMBER, 1919 No. 4 

DIRECTORY OF THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 

ASSOCIATION 

HONORARY MEMBERS 

*Abel, Mrs. Mary H. *McCollum, Dr. E. V. 

Crispi, Silvio. ' *Ravenhill, Alice 

Formerly Food Controller, Italy Starung, Prof. E. H. 

*deVuyst, M. Paul University of London, London 

Gley, M. E. *Thwing, Dr. Charles F. 

Formerly Food Controller, France Vilgrain, M. Formerly Deputy Food 

Hoover, Herbert Commissioner, France 
Hoover, Mrs. Herbert 

LIFE MEMBERS* 

Arnold, Sarah Louise Norton, Mrs. Alice Peloubet 

Barrows, Anna Price, Mrs. Orlo J. 

Dewey, Melvil Richards, Prof. Robert H. 

Dewey, Mrs. MEL\aL Stewart, Frances E. 



NiCHOLAss, Louisa A. 



MEMBERSHIP LIST 



Abel, Mary Hinman (Mrs. John J.). Homemaker, Windsor Mill Road, Baltimore, Md.; 

B.A. Elmira Coll., 1872. Author: Practical Sanitary and Economic Cooking Adapted 

to Persons of Moderate and Small Means — Lomb Prize Essay for 1889 — publ. 1890; 

U. S. Dept. of Agr. Farmers Bulletins. 
Abell, Edith (Mrs. J. Lawrence). Asst. Prof, of H. E., Vermilion, S. D.; Univ. of Mich. 

(3 yrs.); Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1916. 
Abercromble, Susan. 2106 E. 36th St., Kansas City, Missouri. 
Abraham, Marie. Home Economics Worker, 2 Heisig Apts., Houston, Tex.; College 

Diploma, 1914. 

* For information see "Membership List." 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

ACKERLY, Harriet A. County Home Dem. Agt., Farm Bureau Office, Rutland, Vt.; 

Normal Hhld. Sci. Diploma, Pratt Institute, 1917. 
Adams, Maude Gregory (Mrs.)- State Supervisor of Voc. H. E. and Teacher Training in 

H. E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; Leland Stanford Jr. Univ.; B.S. in Ed. Ohio State 

Univ., 1914; Teachers Coll., Summer session. 
Agnew, Ella C. State Agt. Home Dem. Work, Blacksburg, Va. 
Alden, Caroline E. Supervisor Dom. Sci., Bayonne High School, Bayonne, N. J.; Diploma, 

State Normal, Castine, Me., 1887; B.S. Teacher's College, Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Allen, Bernice. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of la., Iowa City; B.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1909; 

M.A. Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Allen, Frances. Dir. of Smith-Hughes H. E., McConnelsville, O.; B.S. in H. E. Ohio 

State Univ., 1914; B.S. in Ed. Kent State Normal, 1916. 
Allen, Mildred A. Teacher of H. E., Lowell School, Seattle, Wash.; University work. 
Allison, Inga M. K. Head, Dept. of H. E., State Agr. Coll., Fort Collins, Colo. 
Ambrose, Margaret A. Asst. Dir. in Charge Home Dem. Work, Div. of Extension, Univ. 

of Tenn., Knoxville; Univ. of Tenn. 
Anders, Ida Adelaide. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Miami Univ., Oxford, O.; B.S. Iowa State 

Coll., 1916. 
Anderson, Ethel Way (Mrs.). Teacher of H. E. (Industrial Center), B.F. Day Sch., 

Seattle, Wash.; Life Diploma and B.A. Univ. of Wash., 1908. 
Anderson, Viola J. Asst. Prof., Univ. of Kans., Lawrence; B.S. 1912, Simmons Coll.; 

M.S. ibid., 1916. 
Andrews, Benjamin R. Head of Dept. of Economic Science, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ.; B.A. Cornell Univ., 1901; M.A. ibid., 1903; Ph.D. Columbia Univ., 1909. Chair- 
man, International Com. on Teaching H. E. of A. H. E. A.; Sec'y E. H. Richards 

Memorial Fund. Author: Editor of Lippincott's Home Manuals: — Baldt's Clothing 

for Women; Powell's Canning and Preserving; Taber's Business of the Household; 

Balderston's Housewifery; Broadhurst's Home and Community Hygiene; Woolman's 

Clothing. 
Applegate, M. Corinne. Dir. of Voc. H. E., High School, Steubenville, O.; B.S. and B. 

of Ed., Univ. of Pittsburgh, 1918. 
Arbogast, Mary Gertrude. Instructor, Teacher Training — Textiles and Clothing, Univ. 

of Wis., Madison; Wittenburg Coll.; Univ. of Chicago; B.S., Diploma in Supervision of 

Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Arbus, Caroline. 411 W. 115th St., New York, N. Y. 
Armstrong, Anna R. Teacher of H. E., New York City Public Schools; Normal Course 

Dom. Sci., N. Y. State Sch. of Agr., St. Lawrence Univ., 1913. 
Armstrong, Rena K. Instructor in H. E., Peabody Coll., Nashville, Tenn.; B.S. Peabody 

Coll., 1917. 
Arnold, Ruth Hill (Mrs.). Asst. Dir. of H. E. Dept., Univ. of N. D., University, N. D.; 

B.L. Smith Coll., 1897; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1916. Pres., H. E. Section, N. D. Ed. Assn. 
Arnold, Sarah Louise. Dean, Simmons College, Boston, Mass. 
Arnoldi, Mary Anna. Teacher of H. E., High School, Arkadelphia, Ark.; B.S. in Ed., 

Univ. of Mo., 1918. 
Arrington, Mary. 219 Church St., Rocky Mount, N. C. 
Arthur, Mary. Acting Dir., Bureau of Dietetics, Southern Div., A. R. C. Atlanta, Ga.; 

Diploma in H. E., Ward Coll., Nashville, 1911; Certificates, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1903, '11, '12. Author: Conservation of Food, 1917. 
AsCHAM, Leah. Home Dem. Agt., 310 W. Sandusky St., Findlay, O. 

Atwater, Helen Woodard. SpeciaUst in H. E., Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. of Agr., Wash- 
ington, D. C; B.L. Smith Coll., 1897. Chairman, Pen and Press Com., A. H. E. A. 

Author: U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bulletins Nos. 46 and 112 (389); (with C. L. Hunt) 

Nos. 808, 817, and 824; was personal editorial assistant to father, Prof. W. O. Atwater. 
Atwater, Ruth. Instructor in Cookery, Pratt Inst., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Instructor, Summer 

School, Dept. of H. E., Univ. of Chicago; Diploma for Teacher Training Hhld. Sci., 

Pratt Inst., 1907. 
Austin, Ethel. Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; B.S. So. Dak. State Coll., 1916; B.S. 

Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Austin, Florence C. Teacher, Monroe Sch., St. Paul, Minn.; Diploma, Univ. of Minn., 

1912; Mt. Holyoke Coll.; Stout Inst. 



1919] DIRECTORY 3 

Babcock, Ella L. Dir. of Hhld. Arts, School Admin. Bldg., 10th and Prairie St., Milwaukee, 

Wis.; Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 1907; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Baer, Edith. Prof, of H. E., Coll. of William and Mary, Richmond, Va., and Supervisor 

of H. E. Education for Va.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1907; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1913. 
Bailey, E. H. S. Prof, of Chem. and Dir. of Chem. Laboratories, Univ. of Kans., Lawrence; 

Ph.B. Yale Univ., 1873; Ph.D. 111. Wesleyan Univ., 1883. Author: Laboratory Guide 

to Study of Qual. Anal, (with H. P. Cady), 1901; Sanitary and Applied Chemistry, 1906, 

revised, 1917; The Source, Chemistry and Use of Food Products, 1914; Experiments on 

Food Products, 1915. 
Bailey, Florence E. Cranmore Cottage, Kearsarge, N. H.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1918. 
Bailey, Frances. Instructor in H. E., High School, Newport, Ark.; B.S. in H. E., Univ. 

of Ark., 1919. 
Bailey, Ilena M. Sci. Asst. in charge Home Management Studies, Office of H. E., U. S. 

Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C; B.S. in Agr., Univ. of Mo., 1912. 
Baines, Elizabeth. Instructor in H. E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.A. in H. E., 

Univ. of lU., 1914. 
Bair, M. Blanche. Instructor H. E., Stadium H. S., Tacoma, Wash.; B.S. Mich. Agr. 

Coll., 1910. 
Baird, Bess M. Dir. of Hhld. Arts, State Normal School, Athens, Ga.; Diploma Stout 

Inst., 1913, Summer session, 1918. 
Baird, Mary M. Prof, of H. E., State Teachers Coll., Kirksville, Mo.; B.S. Kans. State 

Agr. Coll., 1917. 
Baker, Lilian C. W. Instructor in H. E., Goucher College, Baltimore, Md.; Life Diploma, 

State Normal, Emporia, Kans., 1909; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1914. 
Baker, Mary MacKaln (Mrs.). Head of Dom. Sci. Dept., Voc. High School, Memphis, 

Tenn.; Univ. of Tenn., 1910-12; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Baker, May H. Dir., Lunch Room, High School, Topeka, Kans.; Diploma (Life), Pitts- 
burg Normal Coll., 1913; Special Work, Business Coll., Kans. State Agr. Coll., Wash- 
bum Coll., Univ. of Chicago. 
Baker, Rose T. Dir. Cafeteria, Washburn Coll., Topeka, Kans.; B.S. Kans. State Agr. 

CoU., 1917. 
Balderston, L. Ray. Instructor of Hhld. Admin., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; 

B.S. Drexel Inst.; M.A. Columbia Univ. Author: Laundering, 1914; Housewifery, 1919. 
Baldwin, Bertha N. 1080 Beacon St., Brookline, Mass.; B.S. and Teachers Diploma in 

Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1909. 
Baldwin, Isabel C. Teacher of Food and Clothing, High School, Jacksonville, 111.; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Baldwin, Keturah E. Business Editor, Journal of H. E., and Office Sec'y, A. H. E. A., 

1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.; B.A. Goucher Coll., 1906; Cornell Univ., Summer 

session 1911. Chairman, Chapter Com., Goucher Alum. Assn. 
Bales, Alba. Prof, of H. E., State Coll. of Agr. and Mech. Arts, Bozeman, Mont.; Oberlin; 

Diploma in Hhld. Arts and Sci., Pratt Inst., 1909; B.S. and Supervisor's Diploma, Co- 
lumbia Univ., 1917. 
Ball, Katharine Frances. Vocational Adviser for Women, Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis; 

B.A. Wellesley, 1900; Univ. of Calif.; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. 

Chairman, Voc. Guidance Com., Voc. Educ. Assn. of the Middlewest. Author: House- 
hold Arithmetic (with Miriam E. West). 
Bancroft, Clara M. Asst. Critic Teacher, Smith Hughes Practice Sch., Columbus, O.; 

B.S. Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Barber, A. Mildred. House Manager, 40 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.; Simmons College. 
Barer, Adelaide. Assistant, Dept. of H. E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.A. State 

Univ. of la., 1919. 
BARBa:R, Edith P. (Mrs.). P. O. Box 503, Jefferson, la. 
Barnes, Dora R. (Mrs.). District Home Dem. Agt., College Station, Tex.; B.S. Univ. 

of Wis., 1916. 
Barrett, Emma B. Instructor, Textiles and Clothing, Ballard High School, Seattle, Wash.; 

Thomas Normal Training Sch.; B.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1903. 
Barrows, Anna. Lecturer, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C. Author: Principles 

of Cooking; Eggs; The Good Food Booklets. 
Barrows, Mary. Huntington Chambers, Boston, Mass.; B.A. Wellesley Coll., 1890. 
Bartholow, Sallie C. Teacher of Dom. Art, Morse School, Washington D. C.; Spencerian 

Business Coll., Univ. of W. Va. and Univ. of Va., Summer sessions. 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Bartlett, Ellen M. Supervisor H. E., Elementary Schools, San Francisco, Cal.; San 
Francisco Training Class, Dom. Sci., 1901; Special work, Univ. of Cal.; Univ. of 111.; 
Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 

Bartlett, M. Fa ye. Teacher of Cooking, High School, Torrington, Conn.; Diploma, 
Framingham Normal, Hhld. Arts Dept., 1912; Diploma. Battle Creek Sanitarium Sch. of 
H. E., 1917. 

Basinger, Ida. Dir. of Voc. H. E., Blume High School, Wapakoneta, Ohio; B.S. in H. E., 
Ohio State Univ., 1914. 

Bates, Sarah L. Dietitian, Howard Seminary, W. Bridgewater, Mass.; Mass. Inst. Tech- 
nology, 1899-1902; Hhld. Arts Dept., Framingham Normal, 1904; Teachers Coll., 
Columbia Univ., 1907. 

Baxter, Orissa M. Prof, of H. E. and House Supt. of Dorm, for Women, Hartford Semi- 
nary Foundation, Hartford, Conn.; Simmons Coll., 1903-1904. Pres., Conn. State 
H. E. Assn. 

Bay, F. Y. (Mrs.). Dir. and Dietitian, Delavan, Wis.; Di.xon Normal School, 1900; Lewis 
Inst. ; Valparaiso Univ. 

Bayha, Anna E. Asst. Prof, of Hhld. Arts, Mich. Agr. Coll., E. Lansing; B.A. Ohio State 
Univ., 1910; Grad. work. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 

Baylor, Adelaide Steele. Federal Agt. H. E. Educ, Federal Bd. for Voc. Educ, Wash- 
ington, D. C; State Univ. of Mich.; PhB. Univ. of Chicago, 1897; M.A. Columbia, 1917. 
Sec'y Natl. Council of Education. 

Beach, Dorothea. Asst. Prof, in H. E., Univ. of Me., Orono; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1917. 

Beach, Ruth A. Home Dem. Agt., Warren, O.; Univ. of Wis.; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State 
Univ., 1916. 

Beattie, Mary Chapin (Mrs. G. W.). Bowling Green, O.; Diploma, Teachers Coll., 1911. 

Beck, Mrs. B. C. 202 Olymic Rd., Seattle, Wash. 

Becker, Antonetta. Asst. Prof., Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; Diploma, Drexel 
Inst., 1906. 

Bedell, Florence J. Head of Hhld. Arts, 111. Wesleyan Univ., Bloomington; B.A. Univ. 
of Kans., 1911; Grad. study. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. 

Beggs, Ann Farley. Home Dem. Agt., Hillsboro Co., Farm Bureau OfSce, Milford, N. H.; 
Diploma, Massonlnst., 1915. 

Bell, Viola M. Asst. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll., Ames; B.S. James Millikin Univ., 
1911; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916; Univ. of Chicago, Summer work, 1918. 

Bemis, Bessie E. Prof, of H. E., Kingston, R. I.; B.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1905; Teachers 
Coll. ; Columbia Univ. ; Sec'y R. I. State H. E. Assn. 

Benedict, Cornelia Galay (Mrs.). 29 Vila St., Boston, Mass.; B.A. Vassar Coll., 1892. 

Benedict, Marie. Teacher of H. E., Pershing Co. High School, Lovelock, Nev.; B.S. 
Mississippi State Womans Coll., 1914; Peabody Coll. for Teachers, 1915. 

Benedict, May D. Head, Hhld. Arts. Dept., Athenaeum and Mechanics Inst., Rochester, 
N. Y.; Normal Diploma, Dom. Sci., Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Inst., 1901; 
Bachelor's Diploma in Dom. Sci., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1904. Councilor, 
N. Y. State H. E. Assn. 

Berg, Ida Blanche. 4722-15th Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash. 

Bergtold, Cora L. Teacher of H. E., Seattle, Wash.; Normal Course in Dom. Sci. and 
Art, Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Inst., 1908. 

Berry, Josephine T. Waterville, Kans. 

Bertsch, Mary E. Dietitian, Earlham Coll., Earlham, Ind. and Y. M. C. A. Cafeteria, 
Richmond, Ind.; Earlham Coll.; Teachers and Dietitians Diploma, Battle Creek Sch. 
ofH.E., 1915. 

Best, Mary Bradley. 2nd Asst. Manager — The Busy Bee Co., Columbus, O.; B. S. 
Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 

Best, Sarah. Prof, of Foods and Cookery, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; B.A. Univ. 
of Minn., 1905; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1913; M.A. ibid., 1919. 

Bevier, Isabel. Prof, of H. E. and Dir. of Courses, Univ. of 111., Urbana; Ph.B.Wooster 
Univ., 1885; Ph.M. ibid., 1888; Prof. Atwater's Laboratory, Middletown, Conn., 1894; 
Mass. Inst. Tech. 1897-8. Vice-Pres. A. H. E. A. Author: Home Economics Move- 
ment, 1906; The House, 1907; Selection and Preparation of Food (with Van Meter), 
1907, '10, '15; Food and Nutrition (with Usher), 1908; 1915 (Bevier). 

Beye, Elizabeth. Kans. State Normal School, Emporia. 

BiDDisoN, LuLA Nichols. Teacher of H. E., High School, Towson, Md.; Diploma, Drexel 
Inst., 1917. 



1919] DIRECTORY 5 

BiEBRiCHER, Anna. Dir. of Voc. H. E., Fremont, O.; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1918. 
BiERY, Rosa. Instructor in H. E., Univ. Elementary and High Schools, Univ. of Chicago, 

III.; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1916. 
BiESTEE, Alice. Assoc. Prof, of Nutrition, Div. of H. E., Univ. of Minn., St. Paul; B.A. 

Univ. of III., 1912; M..\. ibid., 1913. 
BiGELOw, Gertrude. 19 Shattuck St., Natick, Mass.; B.S. Wellesley, 1893; A. C. A 

Fellowship, Boston Sch. of Housekeeping, 1900-01. Author: The Relation of Cost in 

Home Cooked and Purchased Food (with Mrs. Ellen H. Richards). 
BiGELOW, W. D. Chief Chemist, Nat'l Canner's Assn., Washington, D. C. 
BiGELOw, Zella E. Special Asst. for H. E., Federal Bd. for Voc. Educ, Washington, D. C; 

Diploma Hhld. Arts, Mechanics Inst, 1912; B.S. in H. E. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1919. Au- 
thor: E.xtension Dept. Bulletins on Clothing Subjects, 1918. 
BiHN, Louise Elizabeth. Student, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; Diploma, 

Institutional Mngr., Pratt Inst, 1911; Toledo Univ. 
Billman, Lulu F. Asst. State Leader of Home Dem. Agts., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; 

B.S. in Dom. Sci., Ohio State Univ., 1911. 
BiNZEL, Cora. Univ. of Wis., Madison. 
BiRDSEYE, Miriam. Asst. Extension Work with Women, States Relations Service, U. S. 

Dept. Agr., Washington, D. C; B.S. Smith Coll., 1901; Diploma, Normal Dom. Sci., 

Pratt Inst., 1907; Grad. work, Columbia Univ.; Chairman, Com. on Standardization 

of Textiles, A. H. E. A. Author: Four Bulletins of the Cornell Reading Course for the 

Farm Home (N. Y. State Coll. of Agr.). 
Bishop, Helen A. Supervisor of Dom. Sci., High School, Decatur, 111.; B.S. in Hhld. 

Econ., James Millikin Univ., 1909; Columbia Univ.; Chicago Univ. 
Bishop, Lana. Head of Dom. Art Dept., E. Tech. High School, Cleveland, O.; Diploma 

Ed.-Dom. Art, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1904. 
Blackman, Edith. Skidmore Sch. of Arts, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
Blacow, Blanche E. Teacher' of Hhld. Arts, High School, Alameda, Cal.; Diplomas in 

Dom. Sci. and Dom. Art, State Normal Sch. of Man. Arts, and H. E., Santa Barbara, 

1914 and 1915. 
Blakey, Susan. Instructor of H. E., Univ. of Colo., Boulder; B.A. Univ. of Colo., 1914; 

B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Blanchard, Ada F. Dir. of Clothing Information Bureau, Women's City Club, 9 Hamilton 

Place, Boston, Mass.; Industrial Arts, Polytechnic, T. C. New York; Univ. of Cal. 
Blazier, Florence E. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll., Ames; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 

1918. 
Blegen, Martha C. Teacher of H. E. in High School, So. St. Paul, Minn.; B.S. Univ. 

of Minn., 1914. 
Blood, Alice F. Prof, of Dietetics and Dir., Sch. of Hhld. Econ., Simmons Coll., Boston; 

B.S. Mass. Inst. Tech., 1903; Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1910. Councilor A. H. E. A. 
Eloye, Amy I. Instructor in Foods, Purdue Univ., LaFayette, Ind.; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 

1914; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1917. 
Blundell, Alice E. Instructor in H. E., State Agr. Coll., Univ. of Vermont, Burlington; 

Univ. of Mo.; B.S. in H.E. Iowa State Coll., 1918. 
Blunt, Katharine. Chairman of H. E. Dept., Assoc. Prof, of Food Chem. H. E., Univ. 

of Chicago; B.A. Vassar, 1898; Mass. Inst. Tech., 1902-03; Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 

1907. Chairman, Science Section A. H. E. A. and H. E. Section, Central Assoc, Sci. 

and Math. Teachers. Author: Food and the War (with Florence Powdermaker and 

Elizabeth Sprague), 1918; Food Guide for War Service at Home (with Frances Swain 

and Florence Powdermaker), 1918. 
BoGERT, L. Jean. Prof, of Food Economics and Nutrition, Kans. State Agr. Coll., Man- 
hattan; B.A. Cornell Univ., 1910; Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1916. 
Bolton, Clara. 116 Defiance Ave., Findlay, O. 
Bond, Clara G. Lewis and Clark High School, Spokane, Wash. 
Bonesteel, Elizabeth B. (Mrs.). % Genesee Pure Food Co., LeRoy, N. Y. 
BoNSLAGEL, CoNNiE J. State Home Dem. Agt., 327 Southern Trust Bldg., Little Rock, 

Ark.; B.A. Miss. State Coll. for Women, 1906; Tulane Univ., Summer work; Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer work. 
BosTiAN, Margaret M. Supervisor of Voc. H. E., Univ. High School, Columbia, Mo.; 

B. S. in Ed. Univ. of Mo., 1918. 
BosTiCK", Jewel. Teacher H. E., Sandersville, Miss. 
BoTERF, Eva M. Instructor, Univ. of Ky., Lexington; B.S. in Ed. Univ. of Mo., 1918. 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

BouGHTON, Alice C. Head, Dept. of Statistics and Research, J. Walter Thompson Co., 
N. Y. City; Diploma, Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., 1907; Univ. of Pa., 1913; B.S. Dietary 
Admin., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914; M. H. Educ. Admin., ibid., 1915; Ph.D. 
in Econ. and Soc, Columbia (Sch. of Hist., Econ. and Pub. Law), 1917. Author : Cleve- 
land Educ. Survey: Monograph on Hhld. Arts and School Lunches, 1916. 

BowEN, Merle. Silverton, Ore. 

Bowers, Blanche B. (Mrs.) Home Dem. Agt. in Agr. Extension, Chamber of Commerce, 
Columbus, O.; Lima Coll.; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1915. 

Bowman, Edith K. 11102-125th St., Edmonton, Alberta, Can.; Head, Dept. of Hhld. Arts, 
Edmonton Tech. School; B.A. Univ. of Minn., 1913. 

Bowman, Leona F. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; Normal School, 
Normal, 111.; Univ. of lU.; Ph.B., 1918 and M.A., 1919, Univ. of Chicago. Author: 
Contributor to Supplementary Educ. Monograph — "Reconstruction of Home Eco- 
nomics," 1919. 

Boyenton, K. Louise. Asst., Dept. of H. E., O. State Univ., Columbus; B.A. Ohio State 
Univ., 1915; B.S. in H. E. ibid., 1919. 

Boyer, Harriet Amelia. Prof, of Dom. Sci., H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial Coll., N. 
Orleans, La.; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1904. Author: Domestic 
Notes and Recipes, 1915. 

Boyers, Anna Porter. Instructor, Textiles and Clothing, Coll. Indus. Arts, Denton, 
Tex.; L.I. Peabody Coll., 1911; B.S. ibid., 1918. 

Bradley, Alice. Principal, Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, Boston, and Cooking Editor, 
The Woman's Home Companion; Diploma, Boston Cooking School, 1897. Director, 
New England H. E. Assn. Author: The Candy Cook Book; Food Values and Econom- 
ical Menus; Wheatless and Meatless Menus and Recipes; 30 Cents a Day. 

Bradley, Minnle E. Teacher of Girls Indus. Dept., Longfellow School, Seattle, Wash.; 
Teachers Coll. 

Bradt, Mrs. Samuel E. Mother; DeKalb, 111.; Normal Sch., 1887. 

Bramble, Mary R. Washington Sch., Cincinnati, O.; Diploma, H. E. Training Sch., 
1913; B.S. Univ. of Cincinnati, 1917. 

Bray, Helen A. Asst. Prof., Coll. Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; Normal Dom. Art, Diploma, 
Pratt Inst., 1902. 

Breckinridge, S. P. Asst. Prof., Hhld. Admin., Univ. of Chicago; Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 
1901. 

Bridge, S. Helen. State Supervisor H. E. and Dir. of Teacher Training, State Coll., Dover, 
Del.; Diploma in Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1910; B.S., Supervisor's Diploma, Teachers 
Coll., 1918. 

Brigham, Alice A. Instructor and Critic in H. E., Buffalo State Normal, N. Y.; Hhld. 
Arts Course, Buffalo State Normal; Teachers Coll., 2 Summer sessions. 

Brinton, Grace. Dean of H. E., Bradley Polytechnic Inst., Peoria, 111.; Ph.B. Univ. of 
Chicago, 1910; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. 

Briscoe, Alice E. (Mrs.) 25 Prospect St., Thompsonville, Conn. 

Britt, Susan. McCormick, S. C. 

Broecker, Lydia M. Instructor in H. E., Virginia, Minn.; B.S. Univ. of Minn., 1916. 
Sec'y Range H. E. Assn. 

Brooks, Ethel Fifield (Mrs.). Housewife, Mountaindale, Sullivan Co., N. Y.; B.A. 
Smith Coll., 1895; B.S. Mass. Inst, of Tech., 1900. 

Brown, Clara M. Asst. Prof, of Textiles and Clothing, Univ. Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; 
B.A. in Ed.; Univ. of Minn., 1913. 

Brown, Edith Hatch (Mrs. R. H.). 95 Cedar St., Maiden, Mass.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 
1907. Chairman, Com. on Exhibits, Food Dept., Women's Municipal League of Boston; 
Pres. Alumnae Assn., Simmons Coll. Author: Editor, Marketing Guide for Consumers, 
1919, and H. E. leaflets of Women's Mimicipal League of Boston. 

Brown, Mrs. Henry Champion. Prin., Lewis Hotel Training School, 1324 New York Ave., 
Washington, D. C; Diploma, Cottage Seminary 1889; Regents Diploma, N. Y., 1890; 
Honorary Diploma, Hawaii, 1913. 

Brown, Mrs. McCarter. 32 Park Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Brown, Marjorie. Teacher of H. E., Wethersfield Twsp. High School, Kewanee, 111; 
Certificate, 111., Womens Coll., 1915; Univ. of 111. 

Browne, Louise McDanell (Mrs. C. A.). M.A. in Ed. (Hhld. Arts), Columbia Univ., 
1912; Ph.D. Yale Univ. 1917. 

Bruce, Mary Pearl. Brucerville, Tex.; Diploma in H. E., Womans Coll., Meridian, 
Miss., 1919. 



1919] DIRECTORY 7 

Bryan, Clara Moody. 4018-12th Ave., N. E., Seattle, Wash.; B.E., Univ. of Wash., 1916. 
Bryden, Catherine T. Asst. Prof, of H. E. and Critic Teacher for Smith-Hughes H. E., 

VanDom Hall, State Coll. of Wash., Pulhnan; B.A. Univ. of Idaho, 1904; B.S. in Hhld. 

Arts, ibid., 1918. 
Bryson, Eleanor C. Head, Dept. of H. E., State Normal Sch., Minot, N. D.; B.S. Lewis 

Inst., 1915. Sec'y, Assn. of Teachers of H. E., N. D. 
BuCKMAN, Caroline. Teacher of Science and H. E. in High School, Grover, Colo.; B.S. 

Colo. Agr. Coll., 1919. 
BuLLARD, Sarah H. 818 Potomac Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 
BuMPAS, Lena. Supervisor Teacher-Training, Coll. Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; Diploma, 

Coll. Indus. Arts, 1905; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1917. 
Bunch, Mamie. State Leader H. E. Extension, Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.A. Univ. of 111., 

1914; Univ. of Chicago. Chairman, Extension Division, A. H. E. A. 
BxiRBANK, Anne F. Penacook, N. H.; Diploma, Framingham Normal, 1900; Diploma, 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1904. 
BtTRBANK, Elizabeth W. Asst. Prin. Grand Rapids Voc. Sch., in charge of Work for Girls; 

B.S. Univ. of Minn., 1919; Bd. of Directors, Minn. H. E. Assn. 
BuEFiELD, Gail. First Asst. in Foods, Tech. Inst, and Coll. for Women, Montevallo, Ala.; 

B.A. Colo. Teachers Coll., 1919. 
Burgess, Emily Cowing. Instructor in Dom. Sci. and Arts, Chautauqua, N. Y.; Pratt 

Inst., 1912. 
Burks, Dorothy C. 616 E. Perkins St., Guthrie, Okla.; Tuskegee Normal and Indus. 

Inst., 1906; Kans. State Manual Training Normal, Summer work. 
Burns, Amelia E. Instructor Dom. Sci., Public Schools, Spokane, Wash.; B.S. Ore. Agr. 

CoU., 1915. 
Burton, Helen B. Dir. of Dept. of H. E., State Norm. Sch., Wayne, Neb.; B.A. Ind. 

Univ., 1911; B. S. in D. E., Lewis Inst., 1915; Columbia Univ., Summer, 1916. 
Bushnell, Olga Lenore. Grad. Stud, in H. E. Dept., Univ. of Chicago, 111.; B.A. Albany 

Coll.; Grad. work at Mills Coll. and Univ. Chicago. 
BussE, Florence Ethel. Head, Hhld. Sci. Dept., la. State Coll., Ames; B.A. Northwestern 

Univ., 1908; Assoc. Title, Lewis Inst., 1915; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Butler, Annette Stoddart (Mrs.). Prin. Buckingham Sch., Glastonbury, Conn.; B.S. 

Conn. Agr. Coll., 1919. 
Butler, Frances H. Dir. of Hhld. Arts, Coburn Class. Inst., Waterville, Me.; Diplomas, 

Farmington State Normal Teacher Training Course and Hhld. Arts, 1906, 1916. 
Butler, Jessie Eloise. Teacher of H. E., Interlake Sch., Seattle, Wash.; B.S. Colo. State 

Coll., 1913. 
Byrne, Josephine M. R. Teacher of H. E., Grad. Dietitian, 32 King St., Santa Cruz, Cal., 

Diploma, West. State Norm., 1913; Stout Inst., Summers, 1916, '18; Diploma Dietetics, 

U. of Cal. Hospital, San Francisco, 1919. 

Caldwell, Mabel. U. S. Rubber Co., Cleveland, O. 

Caldwell, Virginia G. Teacher of H. E., Lee Jr. High School, Roanoke, Va.; Diploma in 
Hhld. Sci. and Arts, Pratt Inst., 1912. 

Callahan, Edna. Teacher H. E., High School of Commerce, Columbus, O.; B.S. in H. E. 
Ohio State Univ., 1917. 

Calvin, Henrietta W. (Mrs.). Specialist in H. E., Federal Bureau of Education, Wash- 
ington, D. C; B.S. Kans. State Coll., 1886. Chairman N. E. A. Com. on Reorganiza- 
tion of H. E. Courses in Secondary Schools; Chairman Com. on Rural Home in Rural 
Life Assn. Author: Circulars and Bulletins of H. E. Div., Bureau of Ed. 

Campbell, Bennie H. Home Dem. Agent, Belton, Texas; Diploma Southwest Texas 
Normal; University of Texas; Columbia Univ. 

Campbell, LomsE H. State Leader, Home Dem. Agts., N. D. Agr. Coll., Agricultural 
College, N. D.; B.S. N. Dak. Agr. Coll., 1911. 

Campbell, Mabel. Teacher Dom. Sci., Public School 157, Kent Ave., Brooklyn N. Y.; 
Normal Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1902. 

Campbell, Matilda G. City Home Dem. Agt., Commerce Club, Toledo, O.; Toledo Univ.; 
Teachers Coll. Author: Textbook of Domestic Science, 1913. 

Campbell, S. Edith. 804 Summit Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Canfield, Julia L. (Mrs. Herbert H.). 48 Brainard St., Apt. 42, Detroit, Mich. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Canon, Helen. Asst. Extension Prof, of H. E., School of H. E., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, 

N. Y.; B.A. Colorado Coll., 1911; B.S. and Teacher Diploma for Sec. Ed., Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1915. Author: Manual of Home Making (with Van Rensselaer 

and Rose), 1919. 
Caiu,son, Gudrun. Head of H. E. Dept., State Coll., Brookings, S. D.; Diploma, Univ. 

of Minn., 1912; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Carpenter, Charlotte E. Asst. Prof., Fort Collins, Colo.; Univ. of Chicago; Columbia 

Univ. 
Carpenter, Mrs. Geo. O. 12 Portland Place, St. Louis, Mo. 
Carpenter, Mary L. Student Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. City. 
Carvin, Florence. Home Dem. Agt., City Hall, Independence, Mo.; B.A. Fairmount 

Coll., 1908; B.S. in H. E. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1913. 
Casey, Alice M. Teacher of H. E., Ballard High School, Seattle, Wash.; Diploma, Normal 

School; B.S. Wash. State Coll., 1914. 
Cate, Margaret W. (Mrs.). Dir. of Dom. Art., Morse Sch., Washington, D. C. 
Caton, Florence B. Instructor in Clothing, H. E. Dept., Univ. of Mo., Columbia; B.S. 

in H. E., Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1915; Simmons Coll., Simimer work, 1916; Univ. of 

Mo., Grad. work, 1917, '18, '19. 
Caudell, Myrtle Viola. Dir. of Voc. Homemaking Educ, Buffalo State Norm. Sch., 

N. Y.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1910; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 1914. Chair- 
man, Program Com. for Buffalo Branch of Council Administrative Women in Educ. 
Chace, Edith P. Dir. of H. E., Women's BIdg., State Coll., Pa.; M.A. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1918. Author: Hhld. Arts Review, 1914-15. 
Chamberlain, Jessie L. Teacher of Voc. H. E., Winamac, Ind.; B.S. Purdue Univ., 1919. 
Chamberlin, Clarice. Smith-Hughes Dir., High School, Ashtabula, O.; B.S. in H. E. 

Ohio State Univ., 1919. 
Chamot, Georgina O. Teacher of Textiles and Clothing, Buffalo State Normal Sch., N. Y.; 

Buffalo State Normal; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; Cornell Univ. 
Champion, Clara W. Instructor in H. E., W. Philadelphia High School for Girls, Pa.; 

Normal Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., 1905; B.S. in Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1918. 
Chandler, Emma A. Asst. Dir. Home Dem. Work, Extension Div., A. and M. Coll., Still- 
water, Okla.; B.S. Okla. A. and M. Coll., 1906; Univ. of Chicago. 
Chaney, M. Adele. Charge of Dept. of H. E., N. Y. State Sch., Canton; Potsdam Normal, 

1910; State School, St. Lawrence Univ.; Columbia Univ.; Simmons Coll.; Conn. Agr. 

Coll. 
Chapln, Helen M. Asst. State Supervisor of H. E. and Instructor of H. E., Univ. of Vt., 

Burlington; B.S. Univ. of Vt., 1917; Grad. work, Columbia Univ., Summers 1918, '19. 
Chaplin, Maude F. Head of H. E. Dept., Wesleyan Coll., Macon, Ga.; B.A. Winthrop 

Coll., 1899; B.S. Columbia Univ. and Diploma in Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., 1917; 

M.A. Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Chapman, Ardenia. Assoc. Prof. Textiles and Clothing, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 

A.A. Stephens Junior Coll., 1913; B.S. Univ. of Mo., 1918; Grad. work. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1918-19. 
Chapman, Mable M. Teacher of H. E., High School, Sulphur, La.; Peabody Coll. 
Cheney, Laura J. Instructor in Hhld. Sci., Corvallis, Ore. (on leave of absence); Purdue 

Univ.; Columbia Univ.; Diploma and B.S., Teachers Coll., 1915. 
Child, Alice M. Instructor Foods and Cookery, Univ. Farm, Univ. of Minn., St. Paul; 

B.S. Univ. of Minn., 1901; M.A. Univ. of Columbia, 1912; Grad. work, Univ. of Minn., 

1919. 
Churchman, Sarah. Matron, Women's Coll., Newark, Del.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1899. 
Churton, Florence H. Assoc, in H. E. Ed., H. E. Dept., Univ. of 111., Urbana; Diploma 

in Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1909; B.S. Univ. of 111., 1917. 
CiMMER, Alice M. Supervisor Hhld. Sci., Public Schools, Battle Creek, Mich.; B.S. Mich. 

Agr. Coll., 1900; Sec'y Mich. State H. E. Assn.; Sec'y H. E. Section Schoolmasters 

Club. 
Clark, Mrs. David W. 1124 Columbia St., Rapid City, S. D. 
Clark, Esther. Asst. in H. E., Normal Sch., Bellingham, Wash.; Pratt Inst., 1918. 
Clark, Esther. Teacher Dom. Sci., Girls High Sch., Louisville, Ky.; Normal Certificate, 

Natl. Sch. Dom. Arts and Sci., Washington, D. C, 1916. 
Clark, Georgia K. Teacher of Dom. Art, W. Tech. High School, Cleveland, O.; B.S. 

Ohio State Univ., 1915; Carnegie Inst, of Tech. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 



Clark, Marcia A. Instructor in Dona. Art, Florida State Coll. for Women, Tallahassee; 

Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 1910. 
Clark, Mary Berry. Teacher of H. E., High School, Sheffield, Ala.; B.A. Converse Coll., 

1919. 
Clark, Myrtes E. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Western Coll., Oxford, O.; B.L. Univ. of Wis., 

1900; Lewis Inst.; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
Clendon, Ellen. 3704 Prospect Ave., Cleveland, O. 
Clitter, B. C. (Mrs.). Dietitian and Supervisor of Lunch Rooms for N. Y. Telephone Co., 

N.Y.C.; Pratt Inst, 1913. 
Coahran, Emma L. Dom. Art Teacher, High School, Elkhart, Ind.; B.S. Purdue Univ., 

1917. 
Coffin, Margaret. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Ky., Lexington; B.A. Univ. of Tennessee; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
CoiTH, Edna F. Head, Dept. of Hhld. Sci., Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C; B.S. in H. E. 

Kans. State Agr. Coll.; 111. State Normal; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer 

session. 
CoLBURN, Ada C. Supervisor and Teacher Hhld. Arts, State Normal Sch., Potsdam, N. Y.; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1911. 
Colby, Eva. Head of H. E. Dept., Western 111. Normal Sch., Macomb; Diploma, Sch. of 

Dom. Sci., 1898;_Univ. of Chicago, Summer 1904, School year, 1906-07, Summer 1916. 

Author: Domestic Science and Domestic Art in the Grades (with Lavinia Stimson), 

1916. 
Cole, Lena. Instructor in H. E., Selbyville, Del.; Pratt Inst., 1919. 
Cole, Marion W. (Mrs.). Head of H. E. Dept., High School, Helena, Ark.; Diploma, Mich. 

State Normal, 1890; Teachers Coll., Univ. of Cal. Sec.-Treas. H. E. Dept., Ark. State 

Teachers Assn. 
Collins, Isabel. Dir. of H. E., State Normal School, Winona, Minn.; Diploma, State 

Normal School, 1910; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914. 
Colwell, Rachel Hartshorn. Head, Dept. of H. E., W. Va. Univ., Morgantown; Diploma, 

Boston Cooking School, 1899; B.S. Denison Univ., 1903; M.A. Teachers Coll., 1905, 

Grad. work, 1906-1908. 
COMEGYS, Eva. Industrial Teacher, Coe Sch., Seattle, Wash.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
CoMSTOCK, Laura. Extension Prof, of H. E., Mass. Agr. Coll., Amherst; Diploma, Pratt 

Inst., 1909. Councilor, N. Eng. H. E. Assn.; Chairman, H. E. Com. (Mass.) Parent- 
Teacher Assn. 
CoNANT, Gertrude E. Nutrition Specialist, Extension Div., Univ. of Ark., Little Rock; 

Diploma in H. E., 1905; B.S. and Teachers Diploma, Columbia Univ., 1918. Author: 

Extension Bulletins, Univ. of Ark. 
CoNDiT, Elizabeth C. Supervisor in Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Diploma, 

School of Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1902. Vice-Pres. Brooklyn Neighbor Assn. Author: 

How to Cook and Why, 1914. 
CoNKLiN, Hester. H. E. Consultant, 1252 Washington St., San Francisco, Cal.; Normal 

Hhld. Arts, Mechanics Inst., 1907; Cornell Univ., Summer work, 1910. Author: 

Wheatless and Meatless Days, 1918. 
CoNKLiN, Jean H. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Hester and Essex Sts., N. Y. C; Diploma, Me- 
chanics Inst. (Rochester) , 1909. 
CONLEY, Emma. In charge H. E. Extension Div., Univ. of Wis., Madison; B.A. Univ. of 

W. Va., 1900. Author: Nutrition and Diet, 1913; Principles of Cooking, 1914. 
Conway, Gail. 1007 Stewart St., Seattle, Wash. 
Conway, Geneva. 908 Walnut St., Knoxville, Tenn. 
Cook, Rosamond C. Asst. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll. of Agr. and Mechanic Arts, Ames; 

Fitchburg State Normal; Teachers Coll. Author: Sewing Machine Principles (in 

preparation) . 
Cooley, Anna M. Assoc. Prof. Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; 

Diploma, 1896; Diploma Hhld. Arts, 1903, and B.S. Columbia Univ., 1903. Author: 

Occupations for Little Fingers (with Sage), 1905; Domestic Art in Woman's Education, 

1911; Shelter and Clothing and Foods and Household Management (with Kinne), 1914; 

Food and Health, 1916, Clothing and Health, 1916, The Home and the Family, 1917 

(with Kinne); Teaching Home Economics (with Winchell, Spohr, Marshall), 1919; 

Household Arts for Home and School, Vols. I and II (with Spohr), 1920. 
Coombs, Helen. 504 N. Eighth, Keokuk, la.; Univ. of Chicago; B.S. Columbia Univ., 

1915; Diploma, Teacher Hhld. Art. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Coon, Beulah I. State Supervisor H. E. Ed.; State Dept. \'oc. Ed., State House, Phoenix, 

Ariz.; Normal Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 1911; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1918; Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ. 
CooNEY, Bernardine. Farmington, Me. 
Cooper, Lenna F. Dean, Battle Creek Sanitarium, Sch. of H. E., Mich.; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. ' Pres. Mich. State H. E. Assn.; Sec'y, Inst. Ec. Section, 

A. H. E. A. Author: The New Cookery, 1913; How to Cut Food Costs, 1917. 
Cooper, Lucy Frances. 243-74th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1916. 
CoEBiTT, L. Bertha. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Assn. of Commerce, Jackson, Tenn.; W. 

Tenn. Normal, 1914; Peabody Coll. 
CoRKRAN, Mrs. Benj. W., Jr. 200 Goodwood Gardens, Roland Park, Md. 
Cornell, L. Maybelle. Instructor in H. E. in Textiles and Clothing, H. E. Dept., Univ. 

of Ky.; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1919. 
CoRWiN, Lulu M. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Pub. School 64, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Normal Diploma, 

Jamaica Normal Sch., 1903; Courses in Dom. Sci., N. Y. Univ.; Teachers Coll.; Cornell 

Univ.; License from Bd. of Ed., N. Y. C, 1918. 
Coss, Millicent M. Dir. Clothing and Textiles, State Normal Sch., Framingham, Mass.; 

B.A. Ind. State Univ., 1902; B.S. and Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914. 
Cowan, Elizabeth L. Head of H. E. Dept., Evansville Coll., Ind.; B.S. Drexel Inst., 

1919. Pres. and Councilor, H. E. Section, Ind. State Teachers Assn. 
Cowan, Ruth Mary. Asst. Prof, of H. E. Ed.; Univ. of Ark., Fayetteville; Purdue Univ. 

1911-12, 1913-14; B.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1918. 
CowLES, Julia K. Instructor of Dom. Sci., Masten Park High School, Buffalo, N. Y.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1909; Teachers Coll., Summer session. 
Cox, Jean. State Supervisor of H. E., State Capital, Salt Lake City, Utah; Special Diploma, 

Hhld. Arts Supervision and B.S. Degree, Teachers Coll. Author: Course of Study 

Mimeograph Material for Teachers. 
Creswell, Mary E. Dir. of H. E., State Coll. of Agr., Athens, Ga.; Univ. of Chicago; 

B.S. Univ. of Ga., 1919. Pres. Southern H. E. Assn. 
Cronk, Elva E. Supervisor Dom. Sci., Redfield, S? Dak.; Diploma in H. E., 1916. 
Crooks, Nellie. Asst. Prof. Dom. Sci., Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville, Tenn.; B.S. in H. E. 

Teachers Coll., Columba Univ., 1909; Textile School, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Eng. 
Crosby, Emma E. (Mrs. William Howard). 1042 Mam St., Racine, Wis. 
Cross, Elizabeth W. Teacher, McKinley M. T. School, Washington, D. C; Diploma, 

Philadelphia Cooking School, 1893; George Washington Univ.; Cornell Univ. and 

Wesleyan Univ., Summer sessions. 
Cross, Irene (Mrs.). R. F. D. 2, Seattle, Wash. 
Crossen, Mabel. Manager Lunchroom, W. High School, Cleveland, Ohio; H. E. Diploma, 

Milwaukee-Downer Coll., 1908. 
Crozier, Susan L. Teacher of H. E., Prospect Sch., Mt. Washington, Pittsburgh, Pa.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1901. 
Cruise, M. Winnona. Instructor Hhld. Sci., Ore. Agr. Coll., Corvallis, Ore.; B.A. Univ. 

of Toronto, 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Culler, Phyllis M. Teacher of H. E., Findlay, O.; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Cunningham, Leola. Supervisor of H. E., South St. Paul Schools, St. Paul, Minn.; B.S. 

in H. E. Univ., 1914. 
Current, Marion H. (Mrs.). Co. Home Dem. Agt., Farm Bureau OfEce, Painesville, O.; 

Cornell Univ., Class of 1913. 

Dabney, Ellen P. (Mrs.). 804 Central Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 

Dalbey, Mary B. (Mrs.). Home Adviser, Woodstock, 111.; la. State Coll.; B.S. Coe Coll., 

1918; Univ. of 111. 
Daniels, Ada Eudora. Supervisor Cooking, District Schools, Hartford, Conn.; Diploma, 

State Normal Sch., Framingham, Mass., 1899. 
Daniels, Amy Louise. Prof, of Nutrition, Child Welfare Research Sta., Univ. of la., Iowa 

City; Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1912. 
Darling, Harriet L. B. (Mrs.). Instructor in Food Values and Marketing, Garland Sch. 

of Home Making, Boston, Mass.; B.L. Smith Coll., 1891; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1913; 

Teachers Coll. 
Darrah, Juanita Elizabeth. Assoc. Prof. Foods and Cookery, Coll. of Indus. xArts Denton, 

Tex.; B.A. Chemistry, Univ. of 111., 1913; M.S. ibid., 1915; M.A. Nutrition Columbia 

Univ., 1917. 



1919] DIRECTORY 11 

Dashiell, Anne E. Instructor H. E., Beaver, Pa.; Normal Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1915; 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 3 summers. 
D.A.VIS, Bertha Stewart. Head H. E. Ed. Dept., and State Supervisor of Voc. Ed., Ore. 

Agr. Coll., Corvallis; B.S. in H. E., Ore. Agr. Coll., 1909; M.S. Hhld. Arts Supervision, 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Davis, Cora I. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed., Bd. for Voc. Ed., Springfield, 111.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1915. 
Davis, Ethel. High School, White Haven, Tenn. 
DA^•IS, Josephine. Instructor in H. E., Cambridge High School, Ohio; B.S. Ohio State 

Univ., 1916; Chairman, H. E. Teachers in East. Ohio Teachers Assn. 
Davis, May E. Instructor in Foods and Manager Lunch Room, High School, Kingston, 

N. Y.; N. Paltz State Normal, 1903; Columbia Univ., Summer sessions. 
Davis, Pauline. Oroville, Wash. 
D.AVIS, Tempa. Box 522, Brady, Tex. 
Davison, Eloise. Specialist in H. E. Extension, O. State Univ., Columbus; B.S. in H. E., 

O. State Univ., 1916. 
Davisson, Emma Reed (Mrs. A. E.). State Univ. Farm, Lincoln, Nebr. 
Dawes, Eva Robinson (Mrs. H. E.). Supervisor of H. E., Brookings, S. D.; B.A. Univ. 

of Chicago, 1915. 
Day, Gertrude L. (Mrs. Ralph B.). 27 Spruce St., Akron, O. 
Day, Helen Marion. Head, Dept. Dom. Sci., Bradley Inst., Peoria, 111. (on leave of 

absence), 1015 Grand View St., Los Angeles, Cal.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1907. 
Day, Ruetta Townsley. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of S. Dak., Vermilion; Univ. of N. 

Dak., 1913-14; Univ. of Minn., 1912-13 and 1914-15; Diploma Hhld. Arts Ed. and 

B.S., Columbia Univ., 1916; Grad. work, la. State Coll., 1916; Univ. of Cal., Summer 

work, 1919. Author: Food Administration Cook Book (with Eva R. Robinson), 1918. 
Dayton, Amy E. Head Hhld. Arts Dept., State Normal Sch., Geneseo, N. Y.; State Normal 

Diploma, Geneseo State Normal, 1908; B.S., N. Y. State Coll. for Teachers, 1918. 
Deacon, Gertrude Newbold. Teacher of H. E., Teachers Training School No. 17, Jersey 

City, N. J.; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1902. 
Dean, Harriet M. Head, Dept. of Dom. Sci., 161 Houston Ave., Muskegon, Mich.; 

Pratt Inst., 1913. 
Dean, Juanita M. (Mrs.). Instructor in charge Dom. Sci. Dept., High School, Hartford, 

Conn.; Pratt Inst., 1911. 
Dean, Mary Strobridge. Home Dem. Agt., Brockton, Mass.; Simmons Coll. 
Deforest, Constance. Teacher of Cooking Pub. Sch. 44, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Nor. Dom. 

Sci., Pratt Inst., 1907. 
Deforest, Georgianna C. Dietitian, Charity Hospital, Norristown, Pa.; Mich. State 

Normal Coll.; Certificate, Simmons Coll., 1913. 
DeLoache, Meta. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, High School, Columbia, S. C; B.A. 

Winthrop Coll., 1916; Teachers Coll., Summer, 1919. 
Deming, Anna. 119 Harvard Ave. N., Seattle, Wash. 
Denniston, Emma M. Prevocational H. E., Washington Sch., Seattle, Wash.; Diploma, 

Drexel Inst., 1909. 
Denny, Gr.\ce G. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Wash., Seattle; B.A. Univ. of Neb., 1907; 

M.A. Columbia Univ., 1919. Councilor, A. H. E. A. 
Denton, Minna Caroline. Asst. Chief, Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, 

D. C; B.S. Univ. of Mich., 1900; M.A. ibid., 1901; Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1918. Chair- 
man, Research Com., A. H. E. A. 
DeShon, Marguerite. Interlake Sch., Seattle, Wash.; Bradley Polytechnic Inst.; Teachers 

Diploma, Univ. of Wash., 1914. Sec'y-Treas., Seattle H. E. Club. 
DeVere, Marie K. Instructor in H. E., W. Va. Univ. Morgantown; B.S. in Agr., Ohio 

State Univ. 1918. 
DeVuyst, Paul. Dir., Dept. of Agr., Brussels, Belgium; Docteur en droit, Univ. of Louvain, 

1885; Ingenieur Agricole, ibid., 1888. Pres. Exec. Com. of Ligue de 1' Education familiale. 

Author: The Woman's Place in Rural Economy; L'Enseignement .Agricole et ses 

Methodes. 
Dewey, Melvil. Pres., Lake Placid Club, Essex Co., N. Y.; B..\. Amherst, 1874; M.A. 

ibid, 1877; LL.D. Syracuse Univ.; LL.D. Alfred Univ. Author: Decimal Classification, 

1876; 10th Ed., 1919. 
Dewey, Mrs. Melvil. Vice-pres. Lake Placid Club, N. Y. 

Dick, Mabel. Home Demonstration Agt., Arthur, 111.; B.S. James Millikin Univ., 1917. 
Dick, Rhoda E. Easton\alle, Colo.; Diploma, Lewis Inst., 1909; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1914. 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Dickson, Agnes MacA. Teacher of Dom. Sci., 268 S. 46th St., Philadelphia, Pa.; Diploma, 

Drexel Inst., 1916; Diploma in Dietetics, Drexel Inst., 1919. 
Dickson, Edith M. Specialist in H. E. Extension, Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.S. in 

H. E. Ohio State Normal, 1918; O. State Univ., 2 yrs. 
Dike, Alice Norton. Asst. Prof, of Cookery, Simmons Coll., Boston; B.L. Smith Coll., 

1896. 
DrNWiDDiE, Martha Dabney. Dist. Home Dem. Agt., University, Va.; Newcomb Coll. 

(N. Orleans); B.S. and Teacher of H. E., Teachers Coll., N. Y. C, 1917. 
Dix, Ethel M. Dept. of H. E., High School, Pocomoke City, Md.; Srtudent at Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ. 
DoDD, Hazel Blair (Mrs.). H. E. Editor, Cleveland Plain Dealer, Cleveland, O.; Framing- 
ham Normal Sch.; Univ. of Pittsburgh. 
DoDD, Lilian. Supervisor of Teacher Training in Dom. Sci., under Smith-Hughes Act, 

Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C; St. Mary's (Raleigh); B.A. Univ. of Tenn., 1905; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., 1910. 
Dodge, Bernice Frances. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Wis., Madison; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., 1916. 
DoDSON, Ethelwyn. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Applied Dress Design, la. State Coll., Ames; 

B.S. in H. E. Carnegie Inst, of Tech., 1913. 
Doeman, Jessie Thomas. Teacher of H. E., Ill Park Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.; B.A. Vassar 

Coll., 1891; Diploma, Normal Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1900. 
Dolley, Frances King. 435 W. 119th St., N. Y. C. 
Donham, S. Agnes. Assoc. Din, Savings Div. First Federal Reserve Dist., Boston, Mass.; 

Boston Normal Sch. of Cookery, 1894; Simmons Coll., Institutional Management. 

Vice-pres. N. Eng. H. E. Assn. Author: Marketing and Housework Manual, 1917. 
Donnelly, Alice M. Instructor in H. E., Ohio State IJniv., Columbus; Univ. of Cincinnati; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1913. 
Donovan, Helen. 8674-19th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

1911. 
DoRNBUSCH, LomsE M. Teacher of H. E., Stivers High School, Dayton, O.; B.S. in H. E., 

Ohio State Univ., 1910. 
Dow, Ula M. Assoc. Prof, of Cookery, Simmons Coll., Boston; B.S. Kans. State Agr, 

Coll., 1905; Teachers Diploma, Framingham Normal Sch., 1906; M.A. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1913. 
Deesslar, Martha E. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Washington, Seattle; B.A. Univ, 

of So. Cal., 1913; High School Teachers Cert., ibid., 1914; B.S. Univ. of Wash., 1917; 

M.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Dueringer, Esther Louise. Prof, of H. E., State Teachers Coll., Kirksville, Mo.; Ph.B. 

in Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1916. 
DuEF, Sister Loretta Basil. Head of Dept. of H. E., Coll. of St. Elizabeth, Convent 

Sta., N. J.; M.S. Coll. of St. Elizabeth, 1916; Boston Normal Sch. of Hhld. Arts; Special 

stud. Mass. Inst, of Tech.; Simmons Coll.; Univ. of Chicago. 
DuLANEY, Grace. Home Dem. Agt., Farm Bureau Office, Springfield, Mo.; B.S. in Agr., 

H. E. Dept., Univ. of Wis., 1915. 
Dunham, Edna B. Teacher of Dom. Sci., High School, Sandusky, O.; Diploma Dom. Sci., 

Pratt Inst., 1908. 
DuNLOP, Ida A. Head of H. E. Dept., High School, Meriden, Conn.; Conn. State Normal 

Sch., 1906; Simmons Coll., 1912-13; Collumbia, Summer session. Thrift Chairman 

Conn. H. E. Assn. 
Dunn, Bertha G. Box 435, Lisbon, O. 
DuTTON, Mary C. Instructor in H. E., Middlebury Coll., Middlebury, Vt.; B.S. Simmons 

CoU., 1913; Teachers Coll., Summer session. 
Dyche, Ruth O. Asst. Prof, in H. E., Univ. of Ark., Fayetteville; B.A. Univ. of Kans., 

1916. 

Eads, Velma. Supervisor of H. E., Okmulgee High School, Okmulgee, Okla.; Coll. of Indus. 

Arts, Denton, Tex.; B.S. A. & M. Coll., Stillwater, Okla., 1913; Columbia Univ. 
Ebbets, Charlotte P. State Normal School, Santa Barbara, Cal. 
EcK, Elise M. Instructor in Applied Arts, H. E. Bldg., Ames, la.; Diploma, Miami Univ., 

1915; Columbia Univ. 
EcKMAN, Rena S. Dietitian, Foote Memorial Hospital, Jackson, Mich. 
Edgeworth, Harriet. 106 Momingside Drive, N. Y. C; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1913; 

M.S. ibid., 1916; Columbia Univ. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 13 



Edmonds, Mary Elizabeth. Dean of H. E., Mich. Agr. Coll., E. Lansing; B.S. Ohio 

State Univ., 1910. 
Edwards, Alice L. Assoc, in H. E., Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.S. Ore. Agr. Coll., 1906; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916; M.A. ibid., 1917. 
Edwards, Margaret M. Women's Coll., Tallahassee, Fla. 
Eggleston, Ruth F. Instructor in H. E., Cooperstown, N. Y.; B.S. N.Y. State Coll. for 

Teachers, 1915. 
Elder, Chloe Clarke (Mrs. A. Glenn). Supervisor, Coll. Dining Halls, Univ. of Washing- 
ton, Seattle; Ph.B. Alfred Univ. (N. Y.), 1911; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1915. 
Elliott, Essie L. Instructor in H. E., Manual Arts High School, Los Angeles, Cal.; State 

Normal of Manual Arts, Santa Barbara, 1913; Life Diploma in High School H. E. 

Pres. Pacific Conference H. E. 
Elliott, S. Maria. Asst. Prof. Hhld. Management, Simmons Coll., Boston; Mass. Inst. 

Tech.; M.A. Harvard Univ., 1913; Teachers Coll., School of Housekeeping, et al. 

Author: Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning (with Richards), 1897; Household 

Bacteriology, 1904; Household Hygiene, 1907; Collaborating Editor, The Business of 

the Household, 1918. 
Elwell, Georgia Belle. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed. and Teacher Training, State 

House, Boise, Idaho; B.S. in Ed. and Bachelors Diploma in Dom. Arts, Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1911. Sec'y of H. E. Section, Inland Empire Ed. Assn. 
Embleton, Charlotte. Home Dem. Agt., Windham Co. Farmers Assn., Putnam, Conn.; 

Diploma, Sch. Hhld. Sci. and Arts, Pratt Inst., 1915. 
Embry, Margaret Cecil (Mrs.). Asst. Prof, of Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., Philadelphia, 

Pa.; B.S. CampbeU-Hagerman Coll., 1905; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Emmons, Harriet Cole (Mrs.). Specialist in Commercial Educational Service, General 

Chemical Co., N. Y. C; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1893; Normal Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 

1895. 
Endly, Edna C. Prof, of H. E., Ohio Univ., Athens; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1912; B.S. 

in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1917. 
Erickson, Gertrude. Dist. Supervisor Home Dem. Agt., Glasgow, Mont. Teachers 

Diploma, Stout Inst., 1913. 
Ericsson, H. Wilhelmina. 53 S. Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Erwin, Lois C. Field Worker, Spartanburg Co. Cotton Assn., Spartanburg, S. C; B.A. 

Winthrop Coll., 1912. Sec'y. S. C. H. E. Assn. 
Evans, Anna. Instructor, Coll. of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex.; Diploma, Tech. Sch. 

Mechanical Inst, 1915. 
Evans, Sydney. Private Classes, Merion Sta., Pa.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1902. 

Fackt, Amy M. Dir. Voc. Training, Womens Educ. and Indus. Union, and Dir. Sch. of 

Indus. Teaching, Simmons Coll., Boston, Mass.; Diploma, 111. Woman's Coll., 1903; 

B.S. Simmons Coll., 1912; Teachers Coll. 
Fairall, Henrietta A. Hhld. Arts Dept., Washington High Sch., Milwaukee, Wis.; 

B.S. Univ. of Iowa; Univ. of Chicago; Columbia Univ. 
Farris, Evlyn Northlngton (Mrs. T. N.). Box 706, Baton Rouge, La.; Peabody Coll. 
Fawcett, Laura C. Supervisor of H. E. and High Sch. Cafeteria, Public Schools, East 

Orange, N. J.; Normal Diploma Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., 1905; Columbia Univ., Summer 

session. 
Fedde, Margaret. Chairman H. E. Dept., Neb. Univ., Univ. Farm, Lincoln; B.A. Neb. 

Univ., 1914; Teachers Coll. 
Feeney, Clara M. Dir. of Institution Econ., Miami Univ., Oxford, O.; T.C. Diploma, 

Miami Univ., 1907; B.A. ibid., 1908; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1911; M.A. 

ibid., 1916. 
Feminear, Mary. State Home Dem. Agt., Auburn, Ala.; B.S. Peabody Coll. for Teachers, 

1916. 
Feuling, Alice Dynes (Mrs.). Dynesbrook Farm, Elmhurst, 111. 
Field, Ada Martitia. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Peabody Coll. for Teachers, Nashville, Tenn.; 

B.A. Guilford Coll., 1898; Bryn Mawr Coll. (3 yrs.); M.A. Univ. of Wash., 1909; M.A. 

in H. A. Ed., 1913. Councilor, A. H. E. A. Author: Section on H. E. (with Edith 

Gwinn) in Survey of the Public Schools of Paducah, Ky., 1919. 
Field, Bertha, L. Instructor in Dom. Art., South High School, Grand Rapids, Mich.; 

Lewis Inst., 1901-1902. 
Field, IVIary A. Home Dem. Agt., Elks, Bldg., Dayton, Ohio; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State 

Univ., 1915. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

FiNDLEY, L. June. Assoc. Prof., Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; B.S. Mo. State Univ., 

1913; M.A. ibid., 1918. Author: Dietary Study of Mo. State Insane Hospitals by State 

Bd. of Charities and Corrections, 1919. 
FiNKE, Ida M. Dir. of High School Lunch Rooms, Steele High School, Dayton, O.; Diploma, 

Boston School of Dom. Sci.; Univ. of Wis., 2 Summer sessions. 
Finks, Jessie E. (Mrs.). Dom. Art High School, Ft. Worth, Tex.; Diploma, So. 111. Normal, 

1918. 
FiNLEY, Georgia E. Instructor in H. E., Ind. Univ., Bloomington; B.S. Lewis Inst., 1914. 
Firth, Maxide M. Supervisor H. E., Davenport, la.; B.S. in H. E. Lewis Inst., 1914; 

Univ. of Chicago, 2 Summer sessions; Columbia Univ. 1 Summer session. Sec'y 

Central IL E. Assn. 
Fish, Ada Z. Head of Art and H. E. Dept., Wm. Penn High Sch., Philadelphia, Pa.; Di- 
ploma, Pratt Inst., 1911. Author: Red Cross Home Dietetics, 1917. 
Fisher, Beatrice L. H. E. Field Agt., Dept. Adult Ed.; School City of Garv, Ind.; B.S. 

Purdue Univ., 1917. 
Fisher, Genevieve. Federal Agt. for H. E., Federal Bd. for Voc. Ed., Washington, D. C; 

Diploma in Hhld. Arts Ed. and B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914. Sec'y.- 

Treas. la. State H. E. Assn. 
Fisher, Mrs. Irving. 460 Prospect Ave., N. Haven, Conn. 
Fisher, Katharine A. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., N. Y.; B.S. Columbia 

Univ., 1916. Chairman, Teaching Section Amer. Dietetic Assn. 
FiSK, Pauline. 224 Park Ave., Yonkers, N. Y.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1918. 
Fitch, Natalie K. Instructor in Foods and Nutrition, Russell Sage Coll., Troy, N. Y.; 

B.S. and Teachers Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Fitzgerald, Nellie. Univ. of Wash., Seattle. 
Flagg, Etta Proctor. Supervisor H. E., Los Angeles, Cal.; Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., 

1905. Author: Handbook Home Economics, 1912; Handbook Elementary Sewing, 1915. 
Flanagan, C. Marie. Instructor Hhld. Arts, Yates School, Schenectady, N. Y.; Special 

Normal Diploma, State Sch. Agr., St. Lawrence Univ., 1916. 
Flatt, Jean Fraser. Asst. to Dir. of Hhld. Sci., The Normal School, Regina, Sask.; 

Teachers Certificate of Dom. Sci., Macdonald Inst., Guelph, Ont., 1919. 
Fleming, Georgia E. Assoc, in H. E., Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.S. Univ. of 111., 1912; 

Columbia Univ. Author: Univ. of 111. Extension Circular, Suggestion for Garment 

Making. 
Flemington, Clara N. Instructor in H. E., High School, Aberdeen, S. Dak.; State Normal- 
Indus. Sch. of N. Dak.; B.A. and Bachelor Diploma Teaching H. E., N. Dak. State 

Univ., 1915. Sec'y-Treas. H. E. Section of S. Dak. Ed., Assn. 
Flowers, Ruby J. Teacher of H. E. Industrial, Seattle, Wash.; Univ. of Wash. 
FoLTz, Lucille Evelyn. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Simla Union High School, Ft. Collins,, 

Colo.; B.S., Colo. Agr. Coll., 1919. 
Ford, Carlotta Marks. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Mont. State Coll. of Agr. and Mech. Arts, 

Bozeman; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1911. 
Forehand, A. Josephine. Principal, Sch. Dom. Sci., Y. W. C. A., Boston; Mt. Holyoke 

Coll.; S.T.B. Hartford Theol. Sem. 
Forney, Elizabeth. Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C. 
Forster, Agnes Marie. Instructor Hhld. Arts, Schenectady, N. Y.; B.S. State Coll. 

for Teachers, 1919. 
Forster, Edith Hall (Mrs. H. W.). 3214 Midvale Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Fowler, Elizabeth. Teacher of Elem. H. E., Seattle, Wash.; Stout Inst., 1913. 
Francis, Emma. Instructor in Sch. of H. E., Battle Creek Sanitarium, Research Worker 

in Food and Nutrition, Mich.; Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 1906; B.S. and Teachers 

Diploma, Columbia Univ., 1914; M.S. Univ. of Wis., 1916. 
Francis, Lilllas D. Student, Univ. of Cal., Berkeley; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1906; Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ.; Univ. of Cal. 
Frear, Florence Dodge (Mrs.). Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, N. Y. State Coll. 

for Teachers, Albany; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Freeman, Annie Loltise (Mrs. Herbert C). Rockledge-Waldo Ave., Riverdale-on-Hudson, 

N.Y. 
Freeman, Frances R. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Me., Orono; B.S. Ohio State Univ., 1910; 

M.S. ibid., 1911. 
Freeman, Herbert C. Rockledge-Waldo Ave., Riverdale-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
French, Lucile Grace. 75 Grove St., Wellesley, Mass. 



1919] DIRECTORY 15 

French, Martha H. (Mrs.)- Head Hhld. Dept., Mich. State Normal Coll., and State 

Supenasor, Voc. H. E., Ypsilanti; Diploma Oread Inst, of Dom. Sci., 1906; B.A. l\Iich. 

State Normal Coll., 1916; Columbia Univ.; Univ. of Chicago. 
French, Mary B. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Defiance Coll., Defiance, O.; B.A. Western 

Coll. for Women, 1907; M.A. Defiance Coll., 1910; Oberlin Coll.; Columbia Univ. 
Frey, Marie. Head of H. E. Dept., High School, Cleburne, Tex.; Life Certificate, Kans. 

State Man. Tr. Normal, 1915; B.S. Univ. of Tex., 1919. 
Frojen, Boletha. Instructor in H. E. High School, Gilbert, Minn.; B.S. Agr. Coll., 1916. 

Pres. Range H. E. Assn. of Minn. 
Fromme, Nola. Head H. E. Dept., la. State Teachers Coll., Cedar Falls; B.S. in Dom. 

Sci. Ohio State Univ., 1905; Univ. of Chicago and Columbia Univ., Summer sessions. 

Chairman, H. E. Section, N. E. la. Teachers Assn. 
Fry, Ruth Reh) (Mrs.). Instructor in High School, Avon, So. Dak.; B.A. Morningside 

Coll., 1919. 
Frysinger, Grace E. Asst., Extension W^ork with Women, States Relations Service, 

Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1903; Diploma, ibid., 1906; 

Special training; Univ. of Chicago, London, and Paris, 1912-14. 
FUI.LER, M. Alice. 504 W. 112th St., N. Y. C. 
Fuller, Maud. 637 Fountain St., S. E., Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Gabrielson, Mary. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, Chadron, Neb.; B.S. Kans. State 

Agr. Coll., 1911; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Galbraith, Lena. Instructor in H. E., Tjoidall, S. Dak.; B.S. Bradley Polytech. Inst., 1918. 
Gamble, Mary Edith. Asst. Prof, of H. E.; Purdue Univ., W. Fayette, Ind.; B.S. Purdue 

Univ., 1913; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Garberson, Susan S. Supervisor of H. E., High School, Marion, Ohio; Diploma, Thomas 

Normal Sch., 1913; Columbia Univ., 1916; Harvard Univ., 1919. 
Gard, Nellie A. Instructor in Dom. Art., Central High School, Canton, O.; B.S. in H. E. 

Ohio State Univ., 1916. 
Gardner, Harriett B. Supervisor of H. E., High School, Casper, Wyo.; B.S. Mich. Agr. 

Coll., 1913; M.S. Ore. Agr. Coll., 1915. 
Garrett, Jeannette. Wellington, Ohio. 
Garrison, Pearl. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Public Schools, Pocotello, Idaho; B.S. Kans. 

Manual Training Normal, 1916; Columbia Univ. 
Garvln, Alma L. Asst. H. E. Extension, Purdue Univ., Lafayette, Ind.; B.S. Ohio State 

Univ., 1911. 
Gassaway, Annie. Teacher of Textiles, S. G. S. N. Coll., Valdosta, Ga.; B.A. Winthrop 

Coll., 1914; Teachers Coll. Summer session, 1914. 
Gauger, Marguerite. Y. W. C. A., 1710 Prospect Ave., Cleveland, O. 
Gaymon, Leah May. 830 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, 111. 
Gearing, Mary. Univ. of Tex., Austin. 
George, Allie. Instructor Hhld. Arts, Horace Mann Sch., N. Y. C; Diploma, N. Tex. 

State Normal, 1903; B.S. Coll. of Indus. Arts (Tex.), 1915; Univ. of Tex.; Univ. of 

Chicago; Teachers Coll. 
George, Elva A. Supervisor of Buildings and Grounds, Barnard Coll., N. Y. C; Certificate, 

Pratt Inst. 
George, George. Dir., Seddon Memorial Tech. Coll., Wellesley St., East Auckland, 

New Zealand. 
Geraghty, E. M. (Miss). Dietitian, New Haven Hosp., New Haven, Conn. 
Gessner, Mabel L. Head of H. E. Dept., New Haven High Sch. and Boardman Trade 

Sch., New Haven, Conn.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 190S. 
Gibbs, Winifred Stuart. Consultant in Home and Industrial Relationships, 15 Gramercy 

Park, N. Y. C; Normal Diploma, Dom. Sci., Rochester Mechanics Inst., 1901. Author: 

Food for Invalid and Convalescent, 1904; Economical Cookery, 1905; Minimum Cost 

of Living, 1916. 
Giddings, Mate Le\\7S. Asst. Prof., la. State Coll., Ames, la.; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1917. 
GiLLETT, Lucy H. 383 Harvard St., Cambridge, Mass. Dir., Dietetic Bureau, League for 

Preventive Work, Boston. 
Gillette, Hellen M. Belt, Mont. 
GiLMORE, Jennie W. 594 E. Horton Place, St. Louis, Mo. 
GiLSON, Heien E. Chief Dietitian, Pa. Hospital, Philadelphia; Diploma, Boston Cooking 

Sch., 1903. 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

GiTTiNS, Stella. Acting Supervisor of H. E., Columbus Public Schools, Ohio; B.S. in Dom. 

Sci. and B.A., Ohio State Univ., 1913. 
Given, Alta. Instructor Textiles and Clothing, Russell Sage Coll., Troy, N. Y.; Diploma, 

1914; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Gladish, Nancy G. Teacher of H. E., Austin High School, Chicago; Diploma, Chicago 

Normal Sch.; Univ. of Chicago; Northwestern Univ. 
Gleason, Helen. Instructor, Univ. of Mo., Columbia; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1911. 
Gleason, Margaret. Prof, and Dir. Hhld. Arts, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of la., 1893; B.S. and B. of Ed. Univ. ot Chicago, 1907; M.A. Univ. of Cal., 1917. 
Glendon, Harrlet F. Prof, of H. E., Lewis Inst., Chicago; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 

Chairman, H. E. Section, Central Assn. Sci. and Math. Teachers. 
GoDDARD, Marjorie A. Teachcr of Dom. Sci. in Grammar Grades, Arsenal Sch., Hartford, 

Conn.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1913. 
GoLDiE, Marjorie M. Instructor in H. E., Normal Sch., Calgary, Alberta, Can.; McDonald 

Inst., Guelph, Ont., 1908-10; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer, 1914; Univ. 

of Cal., 1916-17; Univ. of Chicago, Summer, 1919. 
Goldthwaite, Nellie Esther. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Colo. Coll. of Agr., Ft. Collins; 

B.S. Univ. of Mich., 1894; Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1904. Author: Bulletin— Prmciples 

of Jelly-Making. 
Goodpasture, Grace. Instructor of Dom. Sci., Berret Sch., Washington, D. C; Diploma, 

Dre.xel Inst., 1917. 
Goodrich, Helen Reid. 5620 Kenwood Ave., Chicago. 
GooDSPEED, Helen Crandall. State Supervisor of H. E., Dept. Public Instruction, 

Madison, Wis.; Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 1910; B.S. and Supervision Diploma, Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. Author: Bulletin — Reconstruction in the Domestic 

Kitchen. 
Gordon, Edith Mills. Home Dem. Agt., Bristol Co. Agr. Sch., Segreganset, Mass.; B.S. 

Sunmons Coll., 1910; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Graber, Mary Ann. Asst. State Leader, Home Dem. Agts., Coll. of Agr., Bozeman, 

Mont.; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Graham, Helen. Dir. of H. E., La. Indus. Inst., Ruston, La.; Diploma, La. Indus. Inst., 

1902; Univ. of Chicago; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1907. 
Graham, Ruth. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Middlebury Coll., Middlebury, Vt.; B.S. Cornell 

Univ., 1913; M.S. Columbia Univ., 1920. 
Grant, Dorothy H. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, High School, Schenectady, N. Y. ; Skidmore 

Sch. of Arts, 1917. 
Grant, Pearl A. Home Dem. Agt., 59 N. Main St., Concord, N. H.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 

1915. 
Graves, Lulu G. Specialist in Nutrition and Prof, of H. E., Cornell Univ. ; Univ. of Chicago; 

Neb. State Normal. Pres., Amer. Dietetic Assn.; Editor, Dept. Dietetics, Modern 

Hospital. Author: Modern Dietetics, 1917. 
Gray, Cora E. Acting Dean, Sch. of H. E., Florida State Coll. for Women, Tallahassee; 

B.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1906; M.S. ibid., 1909; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer 

sessions. 
Gray, Edna R. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, Sch. of Agr., and Instructor in Obser- 
vation and Teaching, Colleges of Agr. and Ed., Univ. of Minn., Univ. Farm, St. Paul, 

Minn.; B.A. Univ. of Minn., Coll. of S. L. and A., 1914; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1916. 
Gray, Georgia. Head, Dept. of Hhld. Arts and Prof, of Hhld. Arts, State Teachers Coll., 

Kirksville, Mo.; Instructor of Hhld. Arts, Summer quarter, Univ. of Chicago; Ph.B. in 

Ed. Univ. of Chicago, 1918. 
Gray, Grace Viall (Mrs.). Writer and Homemaker, 5514 University Ave., Chicago, 

111.; Ph.B., B. of Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1906. Author: Every Step in Canning, 1919. 
Gray, Greta. Chief of Div. of H. E., Univ. of Wyo., Laramie; B.S. Mass. Inst, of Tech.; 

M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914. 
Green, Anna G. (Mrs.). State Supervisor of Hhld. Arts Ed. of Pa., Harrisburg; Carnegie 

Inst, of Tech., 1911. Councilor, Pa. State Educ. Assn. 
Green, Emma L. Instructor of Hhld. Arts, 715 Hawley St., Kalamazoo, Mich.; B.A. 

OHvet Coll., 1909; B.S. Shnmons Coll., 1910. 
Greene, Mrs. Charles W. 814 Virginia Ave., Columbia, Mo.; Stanford Univ.; M.S. 
in H. E., Mo. State Univ., 1909. Councilor A. H. E. A.; Chairman H. E., General 
Federation Women's Clubs. 



19191 



DIRECTORY 17 



Greene, Dorothy Minot. Teacher of H. E. in High School, Bridgeville, Del.; Diploma in 

Hhld. Arts, Pratt Inst., 1918; Hhld. Sci., ibid., 1919. 
Greene, Ethel Elizabeth. Teacher of Voc. H. E. in High School, Worthington, Ind.; 

B.S. Purdue Univ., 1917. 
Greene, Isa Allene. Dir. of Voc. Methods in H. E., Durham, N. H.; B.S. Manual Train- 
ing, State Normal, Pittsburg, Kans., 1914. 
Greer, Carlotta C. Head, Dept. of Foods and Hhld. Management, E. Tech. High School, 

Cleveland, O.; Ph.B. Buchtel Coll. (Akron Munic. Univ.), 1903; Normal Dom. Sci. 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1905; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Grad. work. Pres., 

Cleveland H. E. Assn.; Councilor of A. H. E. A. Author: Food for Factory Employes, 

1913; Text-book of Cooking, 1915; Food and Victory, 1918. 
Greer, Cora. Teacher of H. E., Agr. High School, Meadville, Miss.; B.A. Miss. Indus. 

Inst, and Coll., 1918. 
Gregory, Fr.ances M. Teacher in H. E. Dept., Steele High School, Dayton, O.; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1913. Pres. H. E. Assn. Dayton Public Schools. 
Gregory, Henrietta. Dir., Cafeteria, Harlem Branch Y. W. C. A., N. Y. City; B.A. 

Wellesley Coll., 1910; Simmons Coll.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Groenewold, Ella. Head of H. E. Dept., Central Mo. State Teachers Coll., Warrensburg; 

Ph.B. in Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1915; M.A. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Gromme, Henrietta. Critic Teacher, Smith-Hughes Practice Sch., North High Sch., 

Columbus, O.; B.S. Ohio State Univ., 1912. 
GuENTHER, Ruth. Assoc, in Foods, Dept. of H. E., Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.S. Ohio State 

Univ., 1914; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1919. 
GuFLER, Augusta. 90 Momingside Drive, New York City. 
GuLDLiN, Addle B. (Mrs. O. N.). 2306 Fairfield Ave., Fort Wayne, Ind. 
GtTNN, Lilian M. (Mrs.). Instructor, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. City; Diploma, 

Teachers Coll. Author: Editor, Cooking Dept., McCall's Magazine. 
Gunther, Emma H. Asst. Prof. Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. City; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., 1911; M.A. ibid., 1913. 
Guthrle, Maude Lillian. Specialist in H. E., Div. of Extension, Knoxville, Tenn.; B.A. 

Univ. of Ore., 1913; B.S. in H. E., la. State Coll., 1914; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
GvnNN, Avis. Assoc. Prof, of Dom. Sci., Univ. of Okla., Norman; B.A. Univ. of III, 1914. 
GwiNN, Edith. George Peabody Coll., Nashville, Tenn. 

Hadley, Geraldine S. Asst. Exten. Home Dem. Leader, 501 W. 120th St., N. Y. C. 

Haggard, Esther M, Instructor in H. E., Glade Dist. H. S., Cowen, W. Va.; B.A. Drake 
Univ., 1917; Ind. Univ., Summer, 1918. 

Haight, Mary E. Dir. of Dom. Sci. Dept. in High Schools and Grades, Cedar Rapids 
Public Schools, Grant Voc. School, Cedar Rapids, la.; Bradley Polytechnic; Stout 
Training School; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. City. Pres. la. H. E. Assn. 

Hale, Wealthy M. Asst. Prof., Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; Diploma, Wis. State 
Normal, 1904; Degree of D.S., Univ. of Wis., 1916. 

Hall, Alma M. Head, Dept. Art and H. E., W. Philadelphia Girls High School, Pa.; 
Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1905; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 

Hall, Caroline A. M. Prof, of Dom. Art, Drexel Inst. Philadelphia; Diploma, Pratt 
Inst., 1891; M.S. in Dom. Sci. and Arts, Drexel Inst., 1918; Teachers Coll., Columbia 
Univ. 

Hall, Cora E. Supervisor of H. E., High School, Princeton, N. J.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 
1912. Director, Practical Arts Assn., Mercer Co., N. J. 

Hall, Cortntne E. Instructor in H. E. and Hhld. Chem., Manual Training High School, 
and Instructor, "Foods and Nutrition," Summer School, Denver Univ., Colo.; IMary 
Hemenwav Sch. Hhld. Arts, 1910; B.A., Denver Univ. (to be given June, 1920). 

Hall, Mary E. L. Teacher of H. E., High School, Torrance, Cal.; B.S. Kans. 'Agr. Coll., 
1904; Diploma, Los Angeles Normal School, 1907; Teachers Coll., 1911; M.A. Univ. 
of Cal., 1918. 

Hall, Mayme. 1014 Minor Ave., Seattle, Wash. 

Hall, Myra L. Manager, School Cafeteria, Lindblom High School, Chicago; Chicago 
Normal, Regular Course; Chicago Normal, H. E. Course; Univ. of Chicago. 

Halliday, Evelyn Gertrude. Instructor in H. E., Sch. of Ed., Univ. of Chicago; B.S. 
Univ. of Chicago, 1915. 

Halllday, Nellie M. Dietitian, c /o A. R. C, 4 rue de Chevreuse, Paris, France. (Commis- 
sion to Albania.) Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1912; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Sum- 
mer session. 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Halm, Helen H. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Cincinnati, O.; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 

1908; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Hamilton, Joan. Prof, of H. E., So. Meth. Univ., Dallas, Tex.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Hanna, Agnes K. 4453 W. Pine Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 
Hanna, Martha Jane. Prof, of H. E., Miami Univ., Oxford, O.; B.A. Monmouth Coll., 

1901; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Hardy, Katherine May. Supervisor of H. E., Dayton Public Schools, O.; Diploma, 

Dayton Normal Sch., 1894; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1914. 
Harmer, Coralee Strevel (Mrs.). 43 Middlegate, Armstrong's Pt., Winnipeg, Man., 

Can.; Certificate, Tech. Nor. Sch., Chicago, 1916. 
Harper, Katharine. Dir. Cafeteria, Y. W. C. A., Waco, Tex.; B.S. Coll. Indus. Arts, 

Denton, Tex., 1918. 
Harper, Mary A. In charge Nutritional work, A. I. C. P., 105 E. 22d St., N. Y. City; 

Liberal Arts Course, Univ. of Aberdeen, Scotland, 1912; Hhld. Arts (2 years' course), 

Univ. of Cincinnati, 1916. 
Harrington, Ida S. (Mrs.). State Home Dem. Leader, R. I. State Coll., Kingston; Insti- 
tutional Management Course, Simmons Coll.; Cornell Univ., Summer session. 1st 

Vice-Pres., N. E. H. E. Assn. Author: Choice and Care of Utensils, Cornell Reading 

Course, 1911. 
Harris, Agnes Ellen. Dir. of H. E. Ed., State Dept. of Ed., Austin, Tex.; B.S. Columbia 

Univ., 1911. 
Harris, Bertha M. Lecturer and Research Worker, Dept. Dom. Sci., Com Products 

Refining Co., Chicago, 111.; Univ. of Chicago. 
Harris, Cara Lyle. Supervisor of H. E. and Home Dem. Agt. for Girls Clubs, Shelby Co., 

Court House, Memphis, Tenn.; Diploma, W. Tenn. State Normal, 1914; Peabody Coll. 

(1 term), 1915; Teachers Coll., Summer session, 1919. 
Harris, Ferne. Asst. State Leader in H. E. Extension, Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.A. Univ. 

of 111., 1916. 
Harrison, Florence. Dean, Coll. of H. E., State Coll., Pullman, Wash.; B.S. Univ. of 

111., 1908; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Hartman, Lu M. State Supervisor of Home Ed., Bureau of Voc. Ed., Harrisburg, Pa.; 

B.S. Margaret Morrison Div. of the Carnegie Institute of Tech., 1915. 
Haskins, Marietta. 159 Virginia Ave., Danville, Va. 
Hasslock, Clara Whorley. Dir., Dept. Dom. Sci., Ga. Normal and Indus. Coll., Milledge- 

ville, Ga.; Licentiate of Instruction, George Peabody College, 1904; B.A. Univ. of Nash- 
ville, 1905; M.S. in Ed. Teachers Coll., 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Hatfield, Margaret. Onekamah, Mich. 
Hathaway, Ella. Head, Dept. H.E., Elko Co. High School, Elko, Nev.; B.S. Kans. State 

Agr. Coll., 1910; Life Diploma, Kans. State Man. Tr. Normal, 1914. 
Hathaway, Georgiana W. Teacher in H. E.^ Jr. High School, Grand Rapids, Mich.; 

Life Certificate, Mich. State, 1915; B.S. Normal Coll., 1919. 
Havens, Coral R. Food Specialist, Extension Dept., Mich. Agr. Coll., E. Lansing, Mich.; 

Mich. Agr. Coll.; Diploma, Boston Cooking School, 1900; Teachers Coll. 
Havens, Henrietta L. Teacher Dom. Sci., Ridgewood Pk., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Diploma, 

Albany State Normal Coll., 1892; Certificate Cooking Course, N. Y. Univ., 1916; N. Y. 

C. License in Cooking, 1917. 
Hawkins, Mathilde. Dir., Sch. of Dom. Sci., Y. W. C. A., New Haven, Conn.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1912. 
Hayden, Florentine H. Treas., The Waterbury Inst, of Craft and Industry, Waterbury, 

Conn. 
Hayes, Marg.vret, L. Teacher, High School, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
Hayes, Maud E. Specialist, H. E. Extension Service, Conn. Agr. Coll. Storrs; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., 1908; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1913. Representative Councilor, Conn. H. E. Assn. 
Hays, Bertha B. Instructor in Foods and Dietetics, Ohio Univ., Athens; B.S. Ohio 

State Univ., 1918. 
Hearn, Mildred. Teacher Hhld. Arts, Rome, N. Y.; B.S. State Coll. for Teachers, 1915. 
Heflin, Bess. Adjunct Prof. H. E. and Dir. of Teacher Training Dept., Univ. of Tex., 

Austin; B.A. Univ. of Tex., 1913; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Heineman, Mrs. P. G. Homemaker, Woodworth, Wis. 
Helbing, Cleora C. State Supervisor of H. E. and Dir. Voc. H. E., Dept. of Ed., Baton 

Rouge, La.; Univ. of Minn.; The Stout Inst. 
Helmer, Sophia B. R. F. D. 4, Fort Scott, Kans. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 19 



Henderson, Anna M. Asst. Prof. Design, Hhld. Arts, la. State Coll., Ames; Rockford 

Coll.; Diploma Sch. of Design and Normal Art, 1915. 
Henderson, Nan. Head of H. E. Dept., Girls High School, Atlanta, Ga.; B.S. Columbia 

Univ., 1909. 
Henke, Flora E. H. E. Continuation Schools, Bd. of Educ, St. Louis, Mo.; Hhld. Arts 

Pratt Inst., 1913. 
Henley, Electa A. Teacher Dom. Sci. and Art, Garfield Jr. High School, Richmond, 

Ind.; Diploma, Lewis Inst., 1910; Univ. of Wis., Summer sch. 
Hepworth, Marion. Asst. Dir. in Charge of H. E., Agr. Extension Div., W. Va. Univ., 

Morgantown; Bradley Polytechnic Inst.; B.S. Univ. of Chicago; Columbia Univ. 
Herron, Mrs. Schuyler F. Consultant for Family and Personal Budgets; H. E. Lecturer, 

2 W. Cedar St., Boston, Mass.; Simmons Coll.; Boston Univ. Pres. N. E. H. E. Assn. 
Heseltine, Marjorte M. 1945 E. 97th St., Cleveland, Ohio. 
Hess, Adah H. H. E. Dept., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Hess, Emma C. Teacher, Dom. Sci., Middagh and HiCks Sts., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Louisville 

Normal Sch.; Pratt Inst.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Hess, Isabell. Instructor of H. E., High School, Poplar BlufE, Mo.; B.S. in H. E., S. E. 

Mo. Teachers Coll., 1919. 
Hesse, Glenna. Grad. Stud, in H. E. Dept., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; Columbus 

Normal Sch.; B.S. in Ed. Ohio State Univ., 1914. 
Hessler, Margaret C. Instructor and Research Asst., Sch. of H. E., Univ. of Tex., Austin; 

B.A. James Millikin Univ., 1914; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Hessler, Maud C. (Mrs. John C). 145 Cobb Ave., Decatur, 111. 
Heston, Laura E. Head, Dept. of H. E., State Normal Coll., Bowling Green, O.; B.S. 

in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1917. 
Heuse, Clara L. Supervisor of H. E., Port Arthur, Tex.; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1916. 
Heyle, Essle Margaret. In Charge of H. E. Extension, Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Mo., 

Columbia; Diploma and Assoc. B.S., Bradley Polytechnic Inst., 1905-06; Simmons 

Coll.; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1910. 
Hildreth, Helen R. Dir., Worcester Girls Trade Sch., Mass.; Normal Sch., Winona, 

Minn., 1893; B.S. in Ed. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1910. 
Hill, Anita E. Head, School of Hhld. Sci., Macdonald Coll., P. Q., Canada; Diploma, 

MacDonald Inst. (Guelph, Ont.), 1909; Teachers Coll. Convenor, H. E. Com., Fed- 
erated Women's Institutes of Can. 
Hill, Hannah. Lecturer, Hhld. Sci., Univ. of Toronto, Can.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1912; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Hill, Janet M. (Mrs. Benj. M.). Editor American Cookery, 221 Columbus Ave., Boston, 

Mass. 
Hill, Jean. Asst. in H. E., Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Ark., Fayetteville; B.A. in Ed., New- 
comb Coll.; Tulane Univ., 1917. 
Hill, Victoria. Dist. Home Dem. Agt., Agr. Coll., Miss.; B.S. George Peabody Coll. for 

Teachers, 1916. 
HiLLARD, Mary A. Westover School, Middlebury, Conn. 
Hiller, Elizabeth O. Lecturer and Writer on Hhld. E., Park Ridge, 111.; Rockford (111.) 

Seminary; Special Work, Pratt Inst.; Diploma, Boston Sch. of Dom. Sci. and Arts. 

Author: 52 Sunday Dinners, 1912; The Calendars of Dinners and Luncheons, Salads 

and Desserts, 1918; "Your Kitchen Companion;" The Corn Cook Book. In preparation 

— Dinners for all Occasions and How to Serve Them; One Thousand Culinary Hints 

Every Woman Should Know (title pending) ; A Little Book for a Little Cook (a Juvenile 

Cook Book). 
Hillier, Ada A. Supervisor Hhld. Arts, Public Schools, South Bend, Ind.; Diploma, 

Armour Institute, 1901; B.S. and Supervisor's diploma. Teachers College, Columbia 

Univ., 1917. 
HiLLis, Arnetta. Teacher of Indus. H. E., Latona Sch., Seattle, Wash.; B.S. in H. E. 

Univ. of Wash., 1918. 
Hills, Mettle B. Head, H. E. Dept., Troy High School, N. Y.; Teachers Diploma, Oneonta 

State Normal, 1905; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
Hills, Ruth E. Instructor in H. E. and Chem., 111. Woman's Coll., Jacksonville; B.S. 

Simmons Coll., 1916. 
Hillstrom, Ellen G. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Wis., Madison; B.S. and Diploma, 

Teachers Coll.; Univ. of Pittsburg; Margaret Morrison Sch., Carnegie Tech. 
HiNKLEY, Mrs. Holmes. 1 Berkeley Place, Cambridge, Mass.; Special Student, Radcliffe, 

1881-82. 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

HtNMAN, Harriette E. Assoc. Prof, of Costume Ed., Carnegie Inst, of Tech., Pittsburgh, 

Pa.; Drexel Inst.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1911. 
HiNOTE, Jane. Home Dem. Agt., Jackson, Mo.; Diploma, State Teachers Coll., Maryville, 

Mo., 1917; Columbia Univ., Summer session, 1914. 
HmsT, Pearl Etta. Teacher of H. E., Clear Lake, S. D.; B.A. Yankton, Coll., 1917. 
HiTT, Agnes Virginia. Instructor in H. E., Pike Road, Ala.; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1915. 
HoBBS, Josephine W. Dir. Hhld. Arts, High School, Thornton, Ark.; Diploma, Boston 

Y. W. C. A. Sch. Dom. Sci., 1907. 
Hobson, Helen R. Mngr. Lunchroom, Lincoln High School, Cleveland, O.; B.S. in Dom. 

Sci., Ohio State Univ., 1912. 
HoLBROOK, Sara M. Visiting Teacher, Henry Barnard Sch., Hartford, Conn.; Diploma, 

Yale Art Sch., 1902; B.Pd. Hartford Sch. of Religious Pedagogy, 1912. Chairman, 

Soc. Service Sec, Conn. H. E. Assn.; Treas. Hartford Soc. Workers Club; Vice-Pres. 

Natl. Visiting Teachers Assn. 
Holden, Bertha A. Specialist in H. E., Vt. Agr. Extension Service, Univ. of Vt., Burling- 
ton; B.A. Middlebury Coll., 1913; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Hollister, Helen. Supervisor of H. S. and A., Pratt Inst., Brookljoi, N. Y. 
HoLLOWAY, Emma F. Instructor, Pratt Inst., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Holmes, Grace. Instructor of Clothing and Hhld. Decoration, High School, Kingston, 

N. Y.; Columbia Univ. 
Holmes, Lula (Mrs.). Columbia, Miss. 
Holt, Elizabeth. Milledgeville, Ga. 
Hood, Grace Gordon. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Cincinnati, Ohio; Assoc, in Arts, 

Lewis Inst., 1907; Assoc, m Dom. Econ., ibid., 1908; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1912; M.A. 

ibid., 1913. 
Hoover, Bessie B. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Calif. Polytechnic Sch., San Luis Obispo; 

B.A. Stanford Univ., 1910; M.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1915. 
Hoover, Jessie M. Milk Utilization Specialist, Dairy Div., U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washing- 
ton, D. C; Diploma, Kans. State Normal, 1898; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1905; 

Univ. of Chicago; Kans. State Agr. Coll., Grad. work. Author: Bulletins. 
Hoover, Lucille. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, Chadron, Neb.; B.A. Kans. State 

Man. Tr. Normal, 1919. 
Hopkins, Ella R. Teacher of Clothing, Queen Anne High School, Seattle, Wash.; B.S. 

la. State Coll., 1909; Columbia Univ. 
Hopkins, Marion E. Cafeteria Specialist, Natl. Bd. Y, W. C. A., New York City; Diploma, 

Hhld. Sci., Univ. of Chicago, 1903. 
HoRST, HuLDA. Asst. State Leader, Boys and Girls Club Work, Ohio State Univ., Columbus; 

B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Hostettler, Hazel M. Instructor in H. E. and Dietitian, Firestone Park Sch., Akron, O.; 

Diploma, Hhld. Arts, Kent State Normal Coll., 1917. 
Hotchkin, Alice M. (Mrs.). 252 Rutgers St., Rochester, N. Y. 
HoTCHKiss, Maye. Head of H. E. Dept., Union High School, Orange, Cal.; Life Diploma, 

Mo. Teachers Coll., 1908; Univ. of Mo. 
Houghton, Beatrice. Asst. Instructor in H. E., Canton, N. Y.; N. Y. State Sch. of Agr., 

1916. 
Howard, Margaret. Home Dem. Agt., Franklin Co. Farm Bureau, Greenfield, Mass.; 

B.S. in H. E., Milwaukee-Downer Coll., 1914. 
Howe, Amy. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, H. E. Dept., Purdue Univ., Lafayette, 

Ind.; Lewis Inst; Ph.B. in Ed. Univ. of Chicago, 1912. 
Howe, Frederic W. Dir. Dept. of Chem. and Dietetics, State Normal Sch., Framingham, 

Mass.; Dir. Food Lab. Boston Floating Hosp. and Infants Hosp.; Sci. Dir. Walker Gordon 

Lab., Boston and N. Y. C; B.S. N. Hampshire State Coll., 1894; Special Work Mass. 

Inst. Tech. 
HuCKEL, B. Eugenie. Emergency Home Dem. Agt., Farm Bureau, Federal Bldg., New 

Haven, Conn.; Diploma Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1907. Sec'y. T. T. H. S. Alumnae 

Assoc, of Pratt Inst. 
Hughes, Anne. Teacher of H. E., Cascade School, Seattle, Wash.; B.S. Univ. of Wash., 

1918. 
HuNSiCKER, Agnes S. Dir. Hhld. Arts Dept., Irving Coll., Mechanicsburg, Pa.; Diploma, 

Drexel Inst., 1904; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; Johns Hopkins Univ. 
Hunt, Ada Eleanor. Assoc, in Foods, H. E. Dept., Univ. of 111. Urbana; B.A. Univ. of 

111., 1913. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 21 



Hunt, Caroline L. Specialist, Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D. C; B.A. 
Northwestern Univ., 1888. Chairman, E.xhibits Com. A. H. E. A. Author: Home 
Problems, 1908; Life of Ellen H. Richards, 1912, 2d ed. 1918; Bulletins of the U. S. 
Dept. of Agr. 

Hunt, Claea. Dir., Women's Dormitories, Mich. Agr. Coll., E. Lansing; Institutional 
Training, Mich. Agr. Coll. ; Univ. of Chicago, Summer session. 

Hunt, Edith B. Dean, Masson Inst., Springvale, Me., B.S. Simmons Coll., 1911. 

Hunt, Jean. Teacher of H. E., Seattle Pub. Schools, Wash.; B.A. Univ. of Wash., 1915. 

Hunt, Leila Wall. Head of Foods and Nutrition, Coll. of H. E., State Coll. of Wash., 
Pullman; B.A. Va. Intermont Coll., 1903; B.S. State Coll. of Wash., 1908; M.A. Columbia 
Univ., 1918. 

Hunter, Melissa. Instructor in Hhld. Sci., Corvallis, Ore.; B.A. Univ. of Ind., 1917. 

Huntley, Vernette H. Dir. of Hall and Commons, McAllister Hall, State Coll., Pa.; 
Diploma Normal Hhld. Arts and Sci., Mechanics Institute, Rochester, N, Y., 1915; 
Teachers Coll., 1916. 

HuRD, Julia L. State Supervisor of H. E. and Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Vt., Burlington ; 
B.A. la. State Teachers Coll., 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1917. 

HussEY, Anna E. Supervisor of H. E., Kansas City, Mo.; Diploma, The Stout Inst., 1915. 

HussEY, Anna H. Instructor in H. E., High School, Hollywood, Cal.; State Normal Di- 
ploma, State Normal (Minn.), 1899; Menomonie, Wis.; Diploma, Throop, Pasadena, 
1909; Teachers Coll. and Univ. of Minn., Summer sessions. Treas., Pacific Conf. of 
H. E. 

Hutchison, Edith B. Home Dem. Agt., New Philadelphia, O.; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State 
Univ., 1916. 

Hyams, Isabel F. 26 Wales St., Dorchester, Mass. 

Hyde, Blanche E. (Mrs.). Assoc. Prof, of H. E., George Peabody Coll. for Teachers, Nash- 
ville, Tenn.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914; Mass. Normal Art Sch.; Harvard 
Univ.; Boston Univ.; New York Univ. 

Hyde, Elizabeth. Lady Principal, Hampton Inst., Va.; Normal Sch., Framingham, Mass. 

Hyde, Hallie. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow; B.S. So. Dak. State Coll., 
1908; B.A. Univ. of III., 1910. 

Hyman, Pauline A. Dir. of H. E., Smith-Hughes, So. High School, Lima, O.; Univ. of 
Chicago; B.S. Columbia Univ. and Teachers Diploma, Teachers Coll., 1919. Chair- 
man, H. E. Com. for Federation of Clubs, Lima. 

Idtse, Anna. Instructor in H. E., Ruston, La.; B.S. in H. E. Minn. Univ., 1915. 

Imrte, Lillian. Teacher of H. E., Centerville, Wash.; B.S. in H. E., Ore. Agr. Coll., 1917. 

Ingels, Edna M. Asst. Prof., Textile and Clothing Dept , Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, 

Tex.; B.A. Univ. of Kans., 1915. 
Ingerson, Winifred A. 174 W. Allegheny Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Irl£, M.ABEL E. Instructor in Millinery, Central High School, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1918. 
Irvtn, Helen Brooks. Training Teacher in H. E., Miner Normal Sch., Washington, D. C; 

Teachers Diploma, Cooking Sch., Philadelphia, 1905; B.S. Howard Univ., 1914; M.A. 

ibid., 1919. 
Irwin, Alice. Instructor in H. E., Chicago Normal Coll.; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1917. 
Irwin, Rebecca. Teacher of H. E., Sullivan Twp. High Schools, Sullivan, 111.; B.S. Lincoln 

(111.) Coll., 1917. 

Jackson, Maude. Teacher of H. E., So. High School, Akron, O.; O. Wesleyan Univ.; 
Bradley Polytechnic Inst. 

Jacobs, Emma S. Dir. Dom. Sci., Pub. Schools, Washington, D. C; Diploma, Normal 
Sch., 1887; Special Courses; M.S., Md. State Coll., 1917. Pres. H. E. Assn. of Washing- 
ton, D. C; Chairman Com. on Health, Jr. Red Cross. 

Jacobsen, Eda a. Instructor, H. E. Dept., Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1908; 
Los Angeles Normal; M.A. and Diploma for Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Columbia Univ., 
1918. 

J.^MES, Laura Garner. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Mills Coll., Cal.; B.A. Stanford Univ., 1897; 
M.A. ibid., 1899; Simmons Coll.; Univ. of Chicago; Univ. of Cal. 

Jansen, Lucile a. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Hamilton School, Schenectady, N. Y.; Me- 
chanics Inst., 1919. 

Jencks, Mrs. Francis M. 1 Mt. Vernon Place, W., Baltimore, Md. 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Jennings, Leah P. Home Dem. Agt., Civic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Milwaukee- 
Downer Coll., 1904; Mrs. Hill's Summer Sch., 1905; Columbia Univ., Summer Sch., 1911. 

Jensen, Emma B. Assoc. Prof, of Foods and Cookery, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 
Diploma State Normal, Winona, Minn., 1896; Stout Inst.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia 
Univ., 1918; Univ. of Chicago; Univ. of Minn. 

Jensen, Katherine. Head Dept. and Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow; B.S. N. 
Dak. Agr. Coll., 1904; M.S. Univ. of 111., 1912. 

Johnson, A. Grace. Prof, of Hhld. Admin., Ore. Agr. Coll., Corvallis, Ore.; Purdue Univ.; 
B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1915. Pres. State H. E. Assn., Ore. Author: 
Camp Cookery (with Milam and Smith), 1918. 

Johnson, Alice A. Supervisor, Dom. Sci., Philadelphia Public Schools, Grant Bldg., 17th 
and Pine Sts., Philadelphia; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1894. Representative Councilor, 
Philadelphia H. E. Assn. 

Johnson, Harriet F.(Mrs.). Asst. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Chamber of Commerce, Spartan- 
burg, S. C; Diploma, Winthrop Coll.; 6 mos. Field Experience. 

Johnson, Helen Louise. Lecturer on H. E. and Editor General Federation Magazine, 
37 E. 28th St., N. Y. C; Mrs. Rorer's Cooking School; Diploma, Teachers Coll., 1893; 
B. S. Univ. of Chicago, 1904. 

Johnson, Jessie R. Tekemah, Nebr. 

Johnson, Olla V. Prof, of H. E., 111. Wesleyan Univ., Bloommgton; B.S. la. State Coll., 
1906; M.S. la. State Coll., 1918. 

Johnston, Margaret. State Supervisor of Voc. H. E., The Capitol Bd. of Voc. Ed., Madi- 
son, Wis.; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1905. 

Jones, Adele M. Prof, of Hhld. Arts, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pa.; B.S. and Special Diploma 
for Teaching Dom. Art, Teachers College, 1908. 

Jones, Alma E. Teacher of H. E., and Dean of Girls, Jr. High School, Chickasha, Okla.; 
Diploma, Kirksville Normal Sch., 1915; Univ. of Mo.; Univ. of Chicago. 

Jones, Grace Elizabeth. Instructor and Head of Dept., So. 111. State Normal, Carbon- 
dale, 111.; Diploma in Hhld. Arts, Columbia Univ., 1900. Author: State Course of 
Study, 1919-20. 

Jones, Lucy E. Social Dietitian, Bowling Green Neighborhood Assn., N. Y. C; Teachers 
Coll., Columbia Univ. (2 year course). 

Jones, Nellie ICedzie (Mrs.). State Leader H. E. Extension, H. E. Bldg., Madison, Wis.; 
M.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1883. 

Joseph, Minnie. Tunica, Miss. 

Joslin, Harriett. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Ind. Normal Training Sch., Terre Haute; 
DePauw Univ.; Professional Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914; Stout 
Inst.; Lewis Inst. 

Josserand, Beth Warner Mull (Mrs.). Homemaker, Cimarron, Kans.; Life Diploma, 
Kans. State Normal, 1903; Univ. of 111., 1907 and 1909-10; B.A. Kans. State Normal 
Coll., 1913. Author: Food Preparation, A Laboratory Guide and Notebook for High 
School Classes in Domestic Science, 1917. 

Kain, Hazel M. Box 293, Stevensville, Mont. 

Kalmbach, Ethel Alberta. Field Worker in Nutrition, School of Hygiene, Johns Hopkins 

Univ., Baltimore, Md.; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1915. 
Kauffman, Treva E. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Ohio State Univ. and Supervisor of Voc. H. E. 

in Ohio, Columbus; B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1911; Univ. of Chicago, Grad. 

work. Vice-pres., H. E. Section, Central Assn. Sci. and Math. Teachers; Exec. Com. 

Ohio H. E. Assn. Author: Extension Bulletins, Ohio State Univ. 
Kayser, Francesca E. Supervisor of Cooking and Sewing, Tenn. Coal, Iron and R. R. 

Co., Birmingham, Ala.; Univ. of Wis. 
Keech, Alice L. 3623 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Keen, Charlotte M. Teacher of H. E., S. E. High School, Fairview and Goethe Ave., 

Detroit, Mich.; Diploma, Toledo Man. Tr. Normal School, 1898; Chautauqua; Teachers 

Coll.; Univ. of Wis. Councilor, Detroit H. E. Assn. and Mich. State H. E. A. 
Keil, Caroline P. 1305 E. Mercer St., Seattle, Wash.; Univ. Credits, Thomas Sch. and 

Minn. State Normal. 
Keller, M. Helen. Teacher of H. E., Stivers High School, Dayton, O.; Diploma, Teachers 

Coll., Miami Univ., 1912; Univ. of Chicago. 
Kemp, Annle. Teacher of H. E. (Clothing and Cookery), Montevallo, Ala.; Univ. of 

Chicago; B.S. George Peabody Coll. for Teachers, 1918. 



1919] DIRECTORY 23 

ELemper, Alice Caroline. Teacher of Hhld. Econ., Baden, Md.; Diploma in Hhld. Econ., 

La. State Normal, 1918. 
Remper, Augusta Hall (Mrs.). Teacher of H. E., Lincoln High Sch., Seattle, Wash.; 

B.A. Univ. of Kans., 1901; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1911. 
Kendall, Alice G. Head of Cavendish House, Proctor, Vt.; Simmons Coll. 
Kennedy, Helen. Home Dem. Agt., Selma, Ala.; Univ. of Tenn., 1909-13; Columbia 

Univ., Summer work. 
ICennedy, Mary Rodgers. Teacher of H. E., Hampton Inst., Va.; Diploma in Normal 

Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1908. 
E^owN, Mary Ellen. Asst. Home Dem. Work, Office of Extension Work, South, States 

Relations Service, Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C; B.S. and M.S. John B. Stetson 

Univ., 1914; Univ. of Wis., Grad. Sch., 1914-16. 
Keyes, Ellen M. Head of H. E., High School, Pulhnan, Wash.; B.S. in H. E. State Coll. 

of Washington, 1918. 
KiLBOURN, Henrietta A. Asst. Dir. High School Lunches, Women's Educ. and Indus. 

Union, Boston, Mass.; B.A. Beloit Coll., 1906; Diploma, Boston Sch. Dom. Sci., 1913. 
Kimble, Clara. Supervisor of H. E., City Schools, Box 1925, Tulsa, Okla.; Kans. State 

Normal, 1896; Kans. M. T. N. 1911; Univ. of Chicago. 
King, Florence Beeson. Instructor in H. E. Dept., Sch. of Ed., Univ. of Chicago; Earlham 

Coll.; Univ. of Ind.; B.S. Univ. of 111., 1914. 
King, Grace L. Asst. State Club Leader, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, Ind.; B.S. Purdue 

Univ., 1913. 
King, Lucy C. 50 Vernon St., Taunton, Mass.; Framingham Normal School, 1903; Co- 
lumbia Univ., Summer sessions. 
Kingery, Margaret. Instructor in H. E. Div., la. State Coll., Ames; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1917. 
KiNYON, Kate W. (Mrs.). Head of H. E., High School, Bd. of Ed., Lincobi, Neb.; B.S. 

Univ. of Neb., 1915. 
Kirk, Alice Gitchell (Mrs.). Lecturer and Writer, Leader-News Bldg., Cleveland, O.; 

Certificate, Chicago Inst., 1892; Univ. of Chicago; Drake Univ. Author: Mrs. Kirk's 

Card Index Cooking Recipes and Supplements; Expense Systems; Practical Food 

Economy. 
KiRKPATRiCK, Vivian C. Teacher of H. E., High School, Nevada, Mo.; B.S. in Ed. Univ. 

of Mo., 1919. 
Kittredge, Mabel Hyde. Pres., Assn. Practical Housekeeping Centers, N. Y. C. Author: 

Practical Homemaking; Second Course in Homemaking; Home and Its Management. 
Kittrell, Nelly. Teacher of H. E., Public Schools, Houston, Tex., Diploma, Coll. of 

Indus. Arts, 1911. 
Kline, Frances Elizabeth. Instructor in H. E., Midlothian, Tex.; B.S. Coll. of Indus. 

Arts, 1917. 
KuNGNER, Mary L. Instructor in H. E., Warrensburg, Mo; B.S. in Sci., Univ. of Mo., 

1916; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919-20. 
Kloss, Anna A. Agt. Teacher Training in Hhld. Arts Sch., Dept. of Ed., Voc. Div., Boston, 

Mass.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1915. Advisor, W. E. I. Union; Chairman, Voc. Oppor- 
tunities Com., Simmons Club, Boston. 
Knapp, Clara Blanche. Instructor in H. E., Syracuse Univ., N. Y.; B.A. Syracuse Univ., 

1899; M.A. ibid., 1909; Univ. of Chicago. 
Knapp, Florence E. S. Dir. School of H. E., Syracuse Univ., N. Y., Teachers Coll., Co- 
lumbia Univ.; Cortland State Normal, 1911. Vice-pres. N. Y. State Teachers Assn. 
Knapp, Hazel L. (Mrs. Arthur). Teacher of H. E., Riverton, Wyo.; B.S. in H. E. Colo. 

Agr. Coll., 1917. 
Knappenberger, Lillis. Asst. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll., Ames, la.; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1915. Author: Garment Construction for Junior Club Work, 1919. 
Knappenberger, Nelle M. Instructor, H. E. Div., la. State Coll., Ames, la.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1918. 
ELneeland, Hildegarde. Prof, of Hhld. Econ., Kans. State Agr. Coll., Manhattan; B.A. 

Vassar Coll., 1911; Univ. of Chicago; Candidate for Doctor's Degree, Columbia Univ. 
Knowles, Neale S. State Leader Home Dem. Agts., Agr. Extension Dept., la. State Coll., 

Ames, la. 
Knowlton, Alice B. Asst. Co. Club Leader, Hampden Co. Improvement League, 244 

Main St., Springfield, Mass.; N. Adams, Mass. State Normal; Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ. 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Knowt.ton, E. Maude. Asst. Prof, of Hhld. Arts, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton Tex.; 

Normal Sch.; Diploma in Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., 1905; Columbia Univ. 
KoBER, George M. Prof, of Preventive Medicine, Med. Sch., Georgetown Univ., Wash- 
ington, D. C; M.D. Georgetown Univ., 1873; LL.D. ibid., 1906. Pres. Anthropological 

Soc, Med. and Surgical Soc, Social Hygiene Soc. of Washington. 
KoLL, Mary Elizabeth. Instructor in H. E., Practice House, Univ. of Chicago, Faculty 

Exchange School of Ed., Chicago, 111.; B.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1915. 
KoLSHORN, Agnes M. Prof, of H. E., Miss. State Coll., Columbus; B.S.,Okla. A. andM., 

1913; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918; M.A. Denver Univ., 1919. 
Kraeger, Bertha Elizabeth. Teacher of H. E., Community High School, Pekin, 111.; 

Diploma, Bradley PolytechnicJnst., 1908; Univ. of Chicago, 1918-19. 
Krag, Leona a. (Jean PreScott Adams). Dir., Dfept. of Food Economics, Armour and Co., 

Chicago; Chicago Teachers Coll.; Special Work, Lewis Inst. 
Krueger, Jean. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Wis., Maidison; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 

1912; M.S. Univ. of Wis., 1917. 
Kugel, Daisy Alice. Dir. Sch. of Hhld. Arts, The Stout Inst., Mebomonie, Wis.; B.A. 

Univ. of Mich., 1900; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1908; Univ. of Chicago, 

Summer session. 
Kyte, Gladys. Home Dem. Agt. for Richland and Valley Cos., Sidney, Mont.; B.S. Univ. 

of Wis., 1919. 

Lacey, Elizabeth V. Adjunct Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Tex., Austin; B.A, Goucher Coll., 

1915; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1917. 
Lacey, Loxhse F. Instructor in Cookery, Simmons Coll., Boston; B.A. Goucher Coll., 

1915; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1917. 
Laird, Annie L. 157 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Can. 
Lally, Annie (Mrs.). Teacher in Advanced Sewing, Little Rock Ark.; Stout Inst., Summer 

work, 1919. 
Lamb, Mrs. L. L. Lincoln Park High School, Tacoma, Wash. 
Lamb, Mrs. W. B. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Clinton, N. C; Certificate in Dom. Sci. Reading 

Course, 1912; A. and E. Coll. and Greensboro Normal Coll., Summer sessions; Reading 

Course, Amer. Sch. of H. E. 
Lampe, Lois. Dir. Smith-Hughes Voc. H. E. Work, High School, Waverly, O.; B.S. in 

H. E. and B.A. Ohio State Univ., 1919. 
Lancaster, Lulu R. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Ariz., Tucson; Diploma in Hhld. Arts, 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1911. 
Langerwisch, Ida L. (Mrs.). Supervisor, Dom. Sci., Admins. Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind.; 

Diploma, Univ. of Chicago, 1910. Author: Foods, Their Preparation and Serving 

(with others). 
Langworthy, C. F. Chief, Office of H. E., U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C; B.A. 

Middlebury Coll., 1887; M.A. ibid., 1890; D.Sc. ibid., 1912; Ph.D. Strassburg Univ., 

1893. Author: Digest of Metabolic Experiment (with W. O. Atwater); Occurence of 

Aluminium (with Peter T. Austen); Encyclopedia Articles; Bulletins. 
Lanman, Faith R. Prof, in charge of H. E. Extension, including Home Dem. Work, Ohio 

State Univ., Columbus; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1903; B.S. in Ed. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1907. 
Larsh, Bertha E. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Garfield Jr. High School, Richmond, Ind.; 

Earlham Coll.; Ind. Univ.; Univ. of Chicago. 
Lathrop, Fra.vces. Commercial Demonstrator, Alburquerque, N. M.; B.S. and Ph.B. 

Colo. Agr. Coll., 1915. 
Latta, Bertha. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed., State House, Indianapolis, Ind.; B.S. 

Purdue Univ., 1907; M.S. ibid., 1909; Columbia Univ., Summer session, 1913. 
Laubengayer, Clara. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Schenectady, N. Y.; Special Normal 

Diploma, State Agr. Sch., St. Lawrence Univ., 1915. 
Lauderbach, Elizabeth M. Supervisor of H. E., Co. Home Dem. Agt., Court House, 

Chattanooga, Tenn.; Univ. of Chattanooga; Columbia Univ.; Univ. of Tenn.; Peabody 

Coll. Treas., Tenn. Branch Nat. Council of Ad. Women in Ed.; State Chairman Co. 

Life Congress of Mothers. 
Laxtve, S. Elvine. Dir. of H. E., Lutheran Coll., Clifton, Tex.; Teachers Diploma, Bradley 

Polytechnic Inst., 1917. 
Lay, Cora. Denton, Tex. 
Layton, Harriette B. Asst. State Home Dem. Agt., Coll. for Women, Tallahassee, Fla.; 

Mich. Agr. Coll.; Diploma in Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1912. Sec.-Treas., Fla. State 

H. E. Assn. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 25 



LeBosqxjet, Maueice. Dir., American School of H. E., 506 W. 69th St., Chicago. 111.; 

B.S. Mass. Inst. Tech., 1895. Author: Personal Hygiene and 11 other volumes of 

"Library of Home Economics"; Histories in Cooking; Household Engineering; Low- 
Cost Cookery; Bulletins. 
Lee, Bessie C. Supervisor Visiting Housekeeper Assn., 33 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, Mich.; 

Certificate, Thomas Normal Training Sch., 1913; Columbia Univ., Summer session, 

1916; Univ. of Mich., Extension Courses, 1918 and 1919. 
Leete, Bertina a. Charge of Dom. Sci. Dept., Hampton Inst., Hampton, Va.; Diploma, 

Sch. of Dom. Sci., Boston, 1899; Columbia Univ., Summer session, 1909. Author: 

Practical Patriotic Recipes (with Edith Church), 1918. 
Leggett, Anna L. Prof, of H. E., Elmira Coll., Elmira, N. Y.; Diploma, Pratt Inst.; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1910; Columbia Univ. Grad. work. Summer sessions 

1915 and 1919. Chairman, Voc. Com., Elmira Branch A. C. A. 
Leggett, Wilkie W. Dir. of H. E., Tech. Inst, and Coll. for Women, Montevallo, .Ala.; 

B.S., I.I. and C, Columbus, Miss., 1915; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1916. 
Lehman, Ethel. Bucyrus, Ohio. 
Leiby, Cora Irene. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow; B.S. in H. E. James 

Millikin Univ., 1909; Columbia Univ., Summer session, 1918. 
Leonard, Elsie P. Dir. of Halls and Commons; Asst. Prof, of Institution Econ., Univ. 

of Wis., Madison; B.A. Univ. of Minn., 1906; Certificate in Inst. Management, Simmons 

Coll., 1908. Chairman, Inst. Econ. Section, A. H. E. A. 
Leonard, Leila G. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, and Supervisor of Lunch Room, Tilden Tech. 

High School, Chicago; Univ. of Chicago; Normal Coll. 
Lewis, Agnes Elizabeth. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Ilion, N. Y.; B.S. State Coll. for 

Teachers, 1916. 
Lewis, Julia. Teacher, Ragland, Ala.; Diploma, Ala. Girls Tech. Inst., 1919. 
Lewis, Lora A. Supervisor Dom. Art, Garfield High School, Terre Haute, Ind.; Ind. 

State Normal, 1912. 
Lewis, Magdalen. Assoc. Prof, and Head, Dept., Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, O.; 

Ph.B. Dennison Univ.. 1906; B.S. in Ed., Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Lewis, Sarah Louise. Head of Hhld. Sci. Dept., Ore. Agr. Coll., Corvallis, Ore.; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Liggett, Ella M. 73 Stimson Place, Detroit, Mich. 

Limerick, Margaret C. Dir. of H. E. Dept., Community Center, Chestnut Hill, Phila- 
delphia, Pa.; Diploma, Drexel Inst. 
Linch, Leta B. Instructor in Food Study, H. E. Dept., Univ. of Neb., Lincoln, Neb.; 

B.A. Univ. of Neb., 1912; Teachers Coll., Summer session, 1916. Author: Assisted in 

preparation of Syllabug for H. E. work in Neb. 
Linder, Grace. Instructor in H. E.. Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1915; 

Univ. of 111., Summer session, 1919. Author: Extension and other Bulletins of the 

Ohio State Univ. 
Lindop, Mabel E. Rockford Coll., Rockford, 111. 
LiNDQuiST, Ruth M. Instructor in Home Management, Div. of H. E., Univ. Farm, St. 

Paul, Minn.; B.S. in H. E. Univ. of Minn., 1916. 
LiNDSLEY, Mary A. Superintendent of Food Service, Gov't. Hotels, Washington, D. C; 

Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1908. 
LiNHOFF, Emily A. Asst. State Club Leader, Extension Div., Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie; 

Diploma, The Stout Inst., 1915. 
Little, Mabel Collette. Norwalk, Ohio; Diploma, Mrs. Rorers Cooking Sch.; Diploma 

Dietetics and Inst. Management, Teachers Coll., Columbia, Univ. 
Livingstone, Helen. Head Dept. of Voc. for Women and Girls, Cass Tech. High School, 

Detroit, Mich; Normal Diploma Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1904; B.S. and Diploma for 

Teaching, Univ. of Pittsburg, 1916; M.A. and Supervision Diploma, Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Lloyd, Mary B. Instructor in Inst. Cookery, Temple Univ. Philadelphia, Pa.; Drexel 

Inst. 
LocKwooD, Mary Pritner (Mrs.). State Leader Home Dem. Agt. Work, Univ. of Ariz., 

Tucson; B.S, Kansas State Agr. Coll., 1899. Author: Extension Circular No. 25, Univ. 

of Ariz. 
Lombard, Lou. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, H. E. Dept., Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Minn., 

St. Paul; Diploma, Framingham Normal Sch., 1912; Geo. Washington Univ.; Teachers 

Coll., Colimibia Univ.; Univ. of Minn. 
Long, Agnes. 3912 Lucile St., Seattle, Wash. 



26 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

LoNGLEY, Gertrude. Head H. E. Dept., State Nonnal Sch., Bellingham, Wash.; Univ. 

of Chicago; Teachers Diploma and B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. Pres. 

Wash. State H. E. Assn. 
LooMis, Alice M. Supervisor of H. E., State Bd. Voc. Ed., Lincoln, Neb.; B.S. Kans.. 

State Agr. Coll., 1904; M.A. Univ. of Wis., 1910. Councilor, Natl. Soc. Voc. Ed. 
Looms, Miriam N. (Mrs.). Mngr. The Ludlow, Copley Square, Boston, Mass. 
LooMis, Rena (Mrs.). Teacher of H. E., Green Lake School, Seattle, Wash.; B.S. Mich.. 

Agr. Coll., 1913. 
Lord, Isabel Ely. Dir., Sch. of Hhld. Sci. and Arts, Pratt Inst., Brooklyn N. Y.; B.L.S. 

Univ. of N. Y., 1897. Vice-pres., Natl. Soc. for Voc. Ed.; Chairman, Finance Com. 

and Com. on Revis. of Const. A. H. E. A. Author: Edited Harpers H. E. Series, 1914-17., 
Love, Florence G. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Univ. of Tex., Austin; B.A. and B.S. in Ed., 

Univ. of Mo., 1915. 
Luce, Marjorie Ellinwood. Asst. State Club Leader, Extension Service, Univ. of Vt. 

Burlington; B.S. in H. E. and Ed., Univ. of Vt., 1916. 
Lund, Frants P. Office of Extension Work, So., States Relations Service, Washington,, 

D. C. 
LiiNDBERG, Marie G. Asst. Prof. Hhld. Admin., Coll. for Women, Cleveland, O.; Diploma,. 

Framingham Normal Sch., 1901; Simmons Coll., 1910-11; Diploma, Teacher in H. E. 

and B.S. Teachers College, Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Lltnn, Enid Willard. Dir., Teacher Improvement, Smith-Hughes Law, Ohio State Univ.,. 

Columbus; B.S. Ohio State Univ., 1915. 
Lyford, Carrie Alberta. Dir. of Sch. of H. E., Hampton Normal aad Agr. Inst., Hampton,, 

Va.; Ore. Agr. Coll.; Oread Inst.; Drexel Inst.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1913. Author: 

Bureau of Education Bulletins, No. 23, 1917, No. 46, 1919. 

McAdam, Grace P. Supervisor Dom. Sci., Public Schools, Detroit, Mich.; Thomas Normal 

Training Sch., Detroit; Univ. of Chicago, 3 Summer sessions; Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 4 Summer sessions; Janet MacKenzie Hill Summer School. Chairman, Soc. 

Com. Detroit H. E. Assn. 
McBain, Mabel J. Supervisor of H. E., Houston Pub. Sch., Tex.; Stout Inst., 1910. 
MacBrair, Bessie. East Tenn. Normal, Johnson City, Tenn.; B.A. Univ. of Cincinnati,. 

1912. 
McCallum, Della. Head of H. E. Dept., Northern State Normal Coll., Marquette, 

Mich.; Certificate, Univ. of Chicago, 1910; Columbia Univ. 
McCarty, Lillian. Supervisor of Dom. Art., Bartlesville, Okla.; B.S. in H. E. Kans. 

State Agr. Coll., 1917; Univ. of Chicago, Summer session, 1919. 
McCheyne, Gertrude M. State H. E. Dem. I>eader, Experiment Sta., Univ. of Ky.,. 

Lexington; B.S. in Dom. Sci. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1908. 
McClevey, May. Muscoda Mines, Bessemer, Ala. 
McClintock, Margaret. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Carl Schurz High School, Chicago;. 

B.S. Univ. of 111., 1913. 
McCoLLiN, Katharine T. Dir., Cafeteria of Business Women's Christian League, Phila- 
delphia, Pa.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1899. 
McCoLLUM, Elmer Verner. Prof, of Chem. Hygiene, Sch. of Hygiene and Public Health, 

Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md.; B.A. Univ. of Kans., 1903; M.A. ibid., 1904; 

Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1906. Author: A Text Book of Organic Chemistry for Medical 

Students, 1916; The Newer Knowledge of Nutrition, 1918; The American Home Diet,. 

1919. 
McCoRMiCK, Jeannette (Mrs.). Purveyor and Supt. of Dormitories, Walnut Hill Sch.,. 

Natick, Mass.; Diploma, Boston Sch. of Dom. Sci., 1910. 
McCoRMiCK, Mrs. Stanley. Hotel Plaza, N. Y. C. 
McCown, Nellie. Instructor in Hhld. .'^rts Ed., Teacher Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C.;, 

Diploma, Stout Inst., 1911. 
McCracken, Elizabeth. Children's Bureau, Dept. of Labor, Washington, D. C. 
McCuLLOUGH, E. Grace. Dietitian, Peter Bent Brigham Hosp., Boston, Mass. 
McDaniel, Annie M. Southbrook Court, 3420 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C 
McDermott, Irene E. Dir. of Hhld. Econ., Public Schools, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
MacDonald, Elizabeth Stone (Mrs. Forrester). Editor, Modern Priscilla MagazinCv, 

Boston; B.A. Radcliffe Coll., 1904; Mass. Inst. Tech. 
McDonald, Flora M. Asst. Dir. Smith-Hughes Course, High School, \'an Wert, O.;; 

B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1919. 



1919] DIRECTORY 27 

MacDonald, Forrester. Editor, Housekeeping Dept., Modern Priscilla, 85 Broad St., 

Boston, Mass.; B.A. Dartmouth Coll., 1890; Newton Theol. Inst., 1893; M.A. Harvard 

Univ., 1903. 
McDonald, May C. 5049 N. Lyndale Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 
MacDonald, Pearl. Prof, of H. E. Extension, Pa. State Coll., State Coll.. Pa.; B.A. 

Univ. of Mich., 1898; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1906. Author: The Problem of Dress, 1917; 

State Coll. Exten. Circulars: 44, 61, 62, 65, 68, 69, 79, 80; A Home Account Book; H. E. 

Leaflets. 
McDowell, Mabel C. Instructor, Univ. of Minn., University Farm, St. Paul; Mich. Agr. 

Coll.; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1909; B.S. ibid., 1915. 
McDowell, Marion S. (Mrs. Fred). Supt. Ellsworth-Cokeburg Schools and Dir. Hhld. 

Arts Dept., Voc. Course High School, Ellsworth, Pa.; Wheaton Sem., 1906; Diploma, 

Drexel Inst., 1917; Univ. of Pittsburgh. Author: War Recipes, 1917. 
Mace, Elizabeth. 2602 Harrison St., Evanston, 111. 
McFarland, Wilma. Supervisor of H. E., High School, Modesto, Cal.; Diploma in H. E. 

San Jose State Normal, 1915; Univ. of Cal. (2 terms). 
McFarlane, Mary Whiting (Mrs.l. Dir. of H. E. Extension Div., Kans. State Agr. Coll., 

Manhattan; B.Ped. Univ. of Wyoming, 1892; B.S. ibid., 1894; M.S. in H. E. Ore. Agr. 

Coll., 1916. 
McFee, Neta. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Dyersburg, Tenn.; B.A. Univ. of Tenn., 1916. 
McGann, Mary E. Coll. of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex.; Diploma, A. H. E., Lewis Inst. , 

1912; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
McGiLL, Gladys. Instructor Textiles and Clothing, Purdue Univ., W. LaFayette, Ind.; 

Diploma, State Normal Sch., Athens, Ga., 1908; Teachers Coll., Columbia Unjv. 
McGinnis, Esther. Instructor, UniV. of Me., Orono.; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 

1915; Columbia Univ. Summer session. 
McGowan, Mary B. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Bureau of Farm Development, Memphis, 

Tenn.; Diploma, Oread Inst., Worcester, Mass., 1904; Teachers Coll. 
McGregor, Helen Lee. Instructor in H. E., Ark. State Normal, Conway; B.S. Univ. of 

Mo., 1914; B.A. ibid., 1917. 
McGuire, Lelia Margaret. Instructor in H. E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.S. in 

H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1914; M.S. ibid., 1919. 
MacInnis, Sara. Smith-Hughes Dir. of Elementary Work, Lima, O.; B.S. Ohio State 

Univ., 1919. 
MacKay, Catharine J. Dean H. E. Div., and Prof., la. State Coll., Ames; Diploma, 

Drexel Inst., 1907; M.S. ibid, 1918. 
McKean, Lou S. Teacher of H. E., Broadway High School, Seattle, Wash.; Teachers Coll. 
McKeown, Matilda J. Teacher of Dom. Sci., New York Schools; B.S. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1910; M.A. ibid, 1916. 
Mackey, Helen A. Middleton, Delaware. 
McKiMMON, Jane (Mrs.). Dept. of Agr,, Raleigh, N. C. 

McKinley, Mae. Head H. E. Dept., Manual Arts High School, Los Angeles, Cal. 
McLaughlin, Helen F. (Mrs.). Home Dem. Agt., Rockingham Co., Exeter, N. Hampshire; 

B. A. Univ. of Wis., 1909; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1915. 
MacLeod, Sarah J. Dir. H. E. Bureau, Society for Savings, Cleveland, O.; B.S. Simmons 

Coll., 1909. Author : The Housekeepers Handbook of Cleaning, 1915. 
McMillan, Anna. Stout Inst., Menomonie, Wis. 

McNaughton. Edna Belle. Prof, of H. E. Ed., Maryland State Coll. and Special Super- 
visor of H. E. in Maryland, College Park, Md.; B.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1911; Columbia 

Univ., Grad. work, 1916-17. 
McNeal, Wylle B. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed., St. Paul, Minn.; Life Certificate, 

Western Ky. State Normal, 1908; B.S. in Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1915; M.A. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. Pres. H. E. Section, Minn. Ed. Assn. 
Madiera, Lucy. 1330 19th St., Washington, D. C. 
Madson, Luella E. Prof, of H. E., State Coll., N. Mex.; B.S. in H. E. la. State Coll., 

1915; Univ. of Chicago, Grad. work, 1919. 
Mallon, Marguerite G. Instructor of Chem. of Food and Nutrition, Purdue Univ., 

LaFayette, Ind.; B.S. Lewis Inst., 1915; M.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1916. 
Mancill, Harriet. Dietitian School Luncheons, Bd. of Ed., 3402 Samson St., Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Manson, Jean. Teacher of Hhld. Art, Chicago Public Schools; Univ. of Chicago; Stout 

Inst. 



28 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Marlatt, Abby L. Prof, of H. E. and Dir. of the Course in H. E., Univ. of Wis., Madison; 

B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll.; M.S. ibid.; Professional Diploma in Psychology, Clark Univ.; 

Grad. Student in Bacteriology, Brown Univ. 
Marshall, Elsie. Dir. of H. E., Earlham Coll., Earlham, Ind.; B.A. Earlham Coll., 1906; 

Columbia Univ.; Drexel Inst.; Lewis Inst. 
Marshall, Josephine A. Instructor in Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

N. Y. C; Diploma in Dom. Art, Drexel Inst., 1905; Diploma in Ed. and B.S. Teachers 

Coll., 1911. Author: Teaching Home Economics (with Coolev, Winchell, and Spohr), 

1919. 
Martin, Lalla. Supervisor of H. E., Pub. Sch., Spartanburg, S. C; Oread Inst., Worcester, 

Mass.; Columbia Univ. 
Martin, Mildred G. Teacher of H. E. in N. Y. C. Elem, Schools, 119 McDonough St., 

Brooklyn, N. Y.; Diploma in Supervision of Dom. Sci., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

1914. Recording Sec'y, Assn. H. E. Teachers, N. Y. C. Elem. Schools. 
Mason, Harriet. Editor of H. E., The Ohio Farmer, Cleveland; B.A. Oberlin Coll., 1886; 

Exec. Sec'y, Ohio Farm Womens Federation; H. E. Com., Natl. Co. Life Conference. 
Mason, Mary Jane. Instructor in H. E.,|High School, Laurel, Del.; B.S. Womens Coll. 

of Del., 1919. 
Mather, Myra. Supervisor of H. E. and Mod. Languages, Twp. High School, Joliet, 111.; 

M.A. Univ. of 111., 1905. 
Mather, Ruth. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Nicholas Senn High School, Chicago; Assoc, in 

Dom. Econ., Lewis Inst., 1911. 
Mathews, Achsah O. Supervisor of H. E., Seattle, Wash.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1916. 
Matthews, Mary L. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., Purdue Univ., LaFayette, Ind.; 

B.S. in H. E. Univ. of Minn., 1904. Pres., Ind. H. E. Assn. ; Councilor, A. H. E. A. 
Maxwell, A. E. (Mrs.). Housewife, 702 W. Euclid, Pittsburg, Kans.; B.S. Kans. State 

Agr. Coll., 1895; Certificate, ibid., 1901; Pratt Inst.; Columbia Univ., N. Y.; Univ. of 

Chicago. 
Maxwell, Anna L. Teacher of Voc. H. E., Texas City, Tex.; B.S. Coll. of Indus. Arts, 

1919; Univ. of Tex. 
Mead, Ada Wing (Mrs. Albert D.). 283 Wayland Ave., Providence, R. I.; B.A. Wellesley 

Coll., 1887; M.A. Brown Univ., 1896. 
Meadows, Ada Georgene. Asst. Prof, of Dom. Art, Agr. Coll., N. Dak.; B.A. Univ. of 

So. Dak., 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1915. Author: Bulletin— Selection and Care of 

Textiles (with Wilson). 
Meinhardt, Clara. 1911 Young St., Cincinnati, O. 
Mendel, Lafayette B. Prof, of Physiological Chem., Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. 

and Research Assoc, of the Carnegie Inst, of Washington; B.A. and Ph.D. Yale Univ.; 

Sc. D. (Hon.), Univ. of Mich. 
Mendenhall, Dorothy Reed. Children's Bureau, U. S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, 

D. C; B.S. Smith, 1895; M.D. Johns Hopkins, 1900. 
Merrow, Abbie S. Instructor in Home Sci., Berea Coll., Berea, Ky.; Summer School work. 
Meston, Helen. Student, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; B.S. Doane Coll., 

1907. 
Metcalf, Martha L. Head of H. E. Dept., Public Schools, Flemington, N. Y.; Teachers 

Diploma in Dom. Sci., Teachers Coll., N. Y., 1908; B.S. in H. A. Ed., ibid., 1914. Author: 

Progressive System of Lessons in Cooking, 1912; Food and Cookery, 1915. 
Meyer, Annie Nathan (Mrs. Alfred). 28 E. 75th St., N. Y. C. 
Michaels, Ruth E. Dean, H. E. Dept., A. & M. Coll., Stillwater, Okla. ; Diploma, Stout 

Inst., 1905. 
Milam, Ava B. Dean of School of H. E., Ore. Agr. Coll., Corvallis; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 

1910; M.A. ibid., 1911. Councilor, A. H. E. A.; Chairman of H. E., Ore. State Fed. 

Women's Clubs and State Parents-Teachers Assn. Author: Camp Cookery (with 

Johnson and Smith), 1918. 
Miller, Cora B. Assoc. Prof, of Voc. Ed., la. State Coll., Ames; B.S. Beloit Coll., 1899; 

Diploma, Bradley Polytechnic Inst., 1909; Univ. of Chicago. 
Miller, Elizabeth W. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll. of Agr., Ames (on leave of 

absence); Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1914; M.A. ibid., 1915; Ellen H. Richards FelloW. 
Miller, EIlen M. Specialist in H. E. Extension, Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.S. in 

H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1916. 
Miller, Ethelwyn. Prof, of Hhld. Art, la. State Coll. of Agr. and Mechanic Arts, Ames, 

la. ; B.A. Franklin Coll., 1894; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1906; Diploma in Fine Arts, Teachers 

Coll., 1906. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 29 



Miller, Frances. Teacher of H. E., Palmyra, Mo.; B.S. in Ed., Univ. of Mo., 1920. 

Miller, Helen, 202 N. E., Tacoma, Washington 

Miller, Mary Mae. Asst. Prof, and Dir. of Practice Cottage, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, 

Tex.; Diploma, State Normal, Moorhead, Minn., 1910; Diploma in H. E., Stout Inst., 

1912; B.S. N. Dak. Statfe Coll., 1915; Diploma in Supervbion of Hhld. Arts and B.S., 

Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Miller, Maude J. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. Farm, Div. of H, E., St. Paul, Minn.; B.S. 

in H. E. Univ. of Minn., 1917. 
Miller, Nell A. Dir. of Dept. of H. E., State Normal School, Santa Barbara, Cal.; B.S. 

Univ. of 111., 1905. 
Miller, Ruth (Mrs.). State Dir. Voc. Ed., Dept. of Ed., Santa Fe, N. M. 
MiLLiKEN, Roxie Ann. Tippccanoe City, Ohio. 
MiLNER, S. Fay. Instructor in H. E. (Clothing), Chicago Normal Coll.; Ph.B. Northwestern 

Univ., 1901; Elem. Teachers Certificate, Chicago Normal Coll., 1902; H.A. Teachers 

Cert., ibid., 1911; Univ. of Chicago; Columbia Univ. 
Moffat, Ethel. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Horace Mann School, Schenectady, N. Y.; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. 
MONSCH, Helen. Asst. Prof, in Charge of Food, Dept. of H. E., Cornell Agr. Coll., Ithaca, 

N. Y.; B.S. in H. E. Kans. Agr. Coll., 1904; B.S. in Chem., Univ. of Chicago, 1909; 

M.A. Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Montgomery, Loxhse T. Supervisor Hhld. Arts, Pub. Schools, Auburn, N. Y.; Diploma, 

Mechanics Inst., Rochester, 1911; Columbia Univ. 
Moore, Christie. Head of H. E., Voc. High School, Oakland, Cal.; Diploma, 111. State 

Normal, 1907; B.S. Ore. Agr. Coll., 1912; Teachers College, Columbia Univ. 
Moore, Jessie S. Supt. of Boarding Dept., Berea Coll., Berea, Ky.; Northfield Seminary. 

Author: Part of Ky. School Bulletin. 
Moore, LeiliaB. Co. Dem. Agt, Sheridan, Wyo.; B.S. Univ. of Neb., 1918. 
Moore, Vera Idol (Mrs.). Head of H. E., 311 W. 7th, Chandler, Okla.; B.S. Highland 

Univ., 1904; Univ. of Kans., 1905; B.S. in H. E. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1916; Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ. 
MoRAN, Esther. Supervisor of H. E., Publics Schools, St. Paul, Minn.; Diploma, Wis. 

State Normal, 1904; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1909; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1912; Pres. 

Minn. H. E. Assn. 
MoRAN, Mary Katharine. Instructor in H. E., State Coll. for Women, Columbus, Miss.; 

B.S. Univ. of 111., 1917. 
Morgan, Agnes Fay. Assoc. Prof, of Hhld. Sci., Univ. of Cal., Berkeley; B.S. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1904; M.S. ibid, 1905; Ph.D. ibid., 1914. 
Morgan, Sara A. Teacher of Dom. Sci., City Schools, Roanoke, Va. ; Pratt Inst., 1913. 
Morris, Edith E. Teacher of H. E., Sabinal, Tex. ; Diploma, Coll. of Indus. Arts, 1917. 
Morris, Josephine. Dir. of Hhld. Sci. and Arts, Boston Public Schools; Sch. Com. Rooms, 

14 Macon St., Boston; Frammgham Normal School, 1888. Author: Morris Hhld. 

Science and Arts. 
Morrissey, Katherine Loretta. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, High School, Bridge- 
port, Conn.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Morse, Amy Prescott. Asst. Prof, of Drawing and Design, Univ. Farm, Univ. of Minn., 

St. Paul; B.A. Mt. Holyoke, 1906; Diploma from Normal Course, N. Y. School of Fine 

and Applied Art, 1915. 
Morse, Mrs. Lewis K. 20 Charles River Embankment, Boston, Mass. 
Morton, Josephine. 500 Converse Campus, Spartanburg, S. C. 
Mulligan, Catharine A. Prof, of H. E., Converse Coll., Spartanburg, S.C; B.A. and B.E. 

Converse Coll., 1895; Diploma, Oread Inst., 1903; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

Summer sessions; Pres. S. C. H. E. Assn.; Chairman, S. C. Fed. Women's Clubs in H. E. 

Author: Bulletins— Winthrop College and Univ. of Tenn. 
MuMFORD, Margaret K. Instructor in Nutrition, Div. of H. E., Univ. Farm, St. Paul, 

Minn.; B.S. in Ed. Univ. of Mo., 1917; Univ. of Chicago, Grad. work. 
Munson, Dorothy R. Home Dem. Agt., Mt. Pleasant, la.; Diploma, Framingham State 

Normal Sch., 1915; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
MuRCHiE, Maude Irene. State Supervisor of Teacher-Training Courses in H. E. for 

State of Cal., State Bd. of Ed., Sacramento; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1909; 

Councilor A. H. E. A. 
Murphy, Eda Lord. Assoc. Prof., Dept. Hhld. and Inst. Mgt., Div. of H. E., la. State 

Coll., Ames; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1912. 



30 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Murray, Charlotte. Dean of Women and Dir. of H. E., Shaw Univ., Raleigh, N. C; 

Northfield Seminary; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
MuSGRAVE, Marguerite R. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 

Hood Coll.; Diploma, Skidmore Sch. of Arts, 1917. 

Naudain, Orma L. Supervisor of H. E. of Elem. and Intermed. Schools, Pasadena, Cal.; 

la. State Teachers Coll.; Diploma, San Diego State Normal, 1915; Univ. of Wis., Sum- 
mer session. 
Nauts, Marian. Dir. of Voc. H. E., High School, Sandusky, Ohio; B.S. in H. E. Ohio 

State Univ., 1915. 
Navarro, Marie C. (Mrs.). Teacher, Public School, E. Las Vegas, N. Mex.; N. M, N. U., 

East Las Vegas. 
Naylor, Bess M. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Columbia, Mo.; B.S. in Ed. Univ. of Mo., 1914; 

M.A. ibid., 1917. 
Neale, Laura F. State Home Dem. Agt., College Station, Tex.; Diploma in Hhld. Arts, 

Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex., 1905; B.S., Columbia Univ., 1913. Pres. Tex. 

H. E. Assn. 
Neighbors, Nancy. 2353-24th Ave. W., Seattle, Wash. 

Nellis, Carlotta S. Dietitian, Christs Hospital, Topeka, Kans. ; Simmons Coll. 
Nelson, Ineta. Teacher of H. E., Viborg, S. Dak.; Normal Diploma, Sioux Falls Coll., 

1909; B.S. S. Dak. State Coll., 1920. 
Nelson, Marie A. Social Service Dietitian, and Home Dem. Agt., New Haven, Conn.; 

Diploma, Boston School of Dom. Sci., 1917. 
Nesbitt, Florence. Dir. of Institutes, Central Div., Am. Red Cross, Chicago; B.A. Univ. 

of Mo., 1902; Univ. of Chicago; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. Author: Low Cost 

Cooking, 1914; Household Management, 1918. 
Nettleton, Bertha E. Part Owner and Manager of the Homemade Lunch Co., 302 

Henry St., N. Y. C; Diploma, Boston Sch. of Dom. Sci., 1904; Teachers Coll., 1916-19, 

Author: 100 Portion Wartime Recipes, 1918. 
Neusbaum, Winifred L. Teacher of H. E., Parker High School, Dayton, O.; B.S. in H. E., 

Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1917. 
Newton, Julia O. Asst. State Home Dem. Leader, Univ. Farm, St. Paul, Minn. 
Nicholass, Louisa A. State Normal School, Framingham Center, Mass. 
NiCKERSON, Elizabeth C. H. E. Extension, Univ. of Tex., Austin. 
NiSBET, ViDA A. Instructor in H. E., Normal Training Sch., Cleveland, O.; B.A. Coll. for 

Women, Western Reserve, 1907; Credits at Columbia toward a B.S. 
Nixon, Bertha Louise. Prof, of Hhld. Arts, Kent State Normal Coll., Kent, O.; B.S. in 

Dom. Econ., Lewis Inst., 1913; Univ. of Chicago. 
Noble, Helen G. Teacher of Dom. Art, Bryant High School, Long Island City, N. Y.; 

Diploma in Dom. Art, Teachers Coll., 1902. 
Normington, Fla villa. 3000 Palmer Square, Chicago, 111. 
NoRRis, Henrietta. 1224 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md. 
Norton, Alice Peloubet (Mrs. L. M.). Editor, Journal of Home Economics, Baltimore, 

Md.; Director, School of Hom^e Economics, Chautauqua, N. Y.; B.A. Smith Coll., 

1882; M.A. ibid, 1897; Diploma, Boston Normal School of Hhld. Arts, 1896; Grad. 

work, Mass. Inst. Tech. and Univ. of Chicago. Councilor, A. H. E. A. Author: Food 

and Dietetics, 1909, new edition, 1920; Food for Children, 1912. 
Norton, John Foote. Asst. Prof, of Bacteriology, Univ. of Chicago; B.S. Mass. Inst. 

Tech., 1906; Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1911. Author: Air, Water and Food (with A. G. 

Woodman), 1914. 
NouRSE, Caroline E. Asst. Agt. of Supervision, Mass. Bd. of Ed., State House, Boston; 

Diploma Art Course, Sch. of Dom. Sci., Boston Y. W. C. A., 1911; Diploma, Science, 

ibid., 1912; Certificate, Simmons Coll., 1914. 1st Vice-pres. Alum. Assn. Sch. of Dom. 

Sci., Boston Y.W.C. A. 
NoxoN, E. Cecile. Dietitian, Bayside Hospital, Tampa, Fla.; Normal Hhld. Sci., Pratt 

Inst., 1911. 
Nutting, Adel.aide. Dir. of Dept. of Nursing and Health, Teachers College, N. Y. C. 
Nye, Claribel. Asst. Prof., Extension in H. E., School of H. E., State Coll. of Agr., Cornell 

Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.; B.S. Coll. of Agr., Cornell Univ., 1914. 

O'Brien, Irene Adams (Mrs.). Teacher of Voc. H. E., High School, Portsmouth, Ohio; 

B.S. in H. E., N. Y. State Coll. for Teachers, 1919. 
O'Brien, Ruth. Asst. Prof, of Hhld. Chem., la. State Coll., Ames; B.S. Univ. of Neb., 

1914; M.A. ibid., 1915. 



1919] DIRECTORY 31 

OCKLEY, Laura Lavinia. Lecturer, Hhld. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Toronto, Canada; Profes- 
sional Teachers Certificate, Ontario Normal Sch., 1904; B.A. Univ. of Toronto, 1911. 

Councilor, Home Sci. Section, Ontario Ed. Assn. 
O'CoNNELL, Susan. Teacher of H. E., Webster Sch., St. Paul, Minn.; Diploma, St. Marys 

Coll., Notre Dame, Ind., 1911; Univ. of Chicago, 4 Summer sessions. 
O'CoNNER, Margaret M. Asst. Prof, in H. E., Miami Univ., Oxford, O.; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1918. 
Ogle, Lelia C. H. E. Advisor, Am. Red Cross, Springfield, O.; Diploma, and work toward 

B.S., Ind. State Normal, 1914. 
O'Le ARY, Iris Prouty (Mrs.) . Special Asst. Women's Voc. Work, Dept. of Pub. Instruction, 

Trenton, N. J. 
Olsa, Minnie I. (Mrs. Victor). Asst. Teacher, Eastern Dist. High School Brooklyn, N. Y.; 

Hunter Coll. 
Olsen, Anna Margrethe. Asst. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll., Ames; B.S. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1912. Author: Bulletins, Agr. Exten. Dept., la. State Coll., 1919. 
Olson, Selma G. Instructor in H. E., Augustana Coll., Sioux Falls, S. Dak.; B.A. Univ. 

of S. Dak., 1919. 
Orr, Eva M. Teacher of Hhld. Sci., Cupar, Sask., Can.; Diploma in Hhld. Sci., Toronto 

Univ. of Hhld. Sci., 1918. 
Orr, Flora G. H. E. Editor, The Delineator Magazine, Butterick Bldg., N. Y. C; B.S. 

Univ. of Wis., 1917. 
Osborne, Helen Elizabeth. State Supervisor of Voc. H. E., and Head, Hhld. Sci. Dept., 

Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C; Diploma, Skidmore Sch. of Arts, 1913; Teachers Coll.; 

N. Hampshire Coll. 
Osborne, Katherine (Mrs.). Dir. Boston Students Union, 81 St. Stephen St., Boston, 

Mass. 
Otis, Florence A. Head of H. E. Dept., Drake Univ., Des Moines, la.; M.S. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1916. 

Page. Eola G. Teacher and Supervisor of H. E., Bonne Terre, Mo. ; Life Diploma, Warrens- 
burg, Mo., 1918; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer, 1919. 

Palmer, Edith. Instructor of Design, Hhld. Arts, la. State Coll., Ames; Certificate of 
Graduation, Teacher of Design, Miami Univ., 1912; Teachers College, Columbia Univ., 
Summer, 1914; Sch. of Ed. Univ. of Chicago, Summer, 1916. 

Palmer, Stella. State Supervisor of H. E., and Prof, of H. E. and Dir. of Dept., Univ. 
of Ark., Fayetteville, Ark.; B.S. Univ. of Ala., 1908; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1910. Chair- 
man of H. E. Section, Ark. Teachers Assn. 

Pancake, Clara. Dir. of Hhld. Arts, Philadelphia Normal Sch., Pa.; B.S. in Dom. Sci., 
Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1903; B.S. in Ed., Columbia Univ., 1911. Treas. H. E. Assn. 
of Phila. 

Pancoast, Carrie Lind. State Home Dem. Leader and Extension Asst. Prof, of H. E., 
Coll. of Agr., Columbia, Mo.; Northwestern Univ.; Univ. of Chicago; B.A. and B.S. 
Univ. of Mo., 1914. 

Parker, Amy. 506 Crosby St., Apt. 6, Akron, O. 

Parker, Mary E. Prof, of Hhld. Admin., Coll. for Women, Western Reserve Univ., Cleve- 
land, O.; B.A. Wellesley, 1888; M.A. Univ. of Penn., 1897; M.A. Radcliffe, 1898; Obser- 
vation and study in England and on the Continent, 1910-11. Pres. Ohio H. E. Assn.; 
Advisor, Cleveland H. E. Assn.; Chairman, Educ. Com., local Y. W. C. A. 

Parkes, Harriet M. Asst. Dir., Manual Tr. and Indus. Ed., Bd. of Ed., Grand Rapids, 
Mich.; Bradley Inst.; Univ. of Chicago; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 

Parr, Alice. Dir. of Residence Halls, State Normal Coll., Univ. of Mont., Dillon.; Certifi- 
cate in H. E., Univ. of Chicago, 1910. 

Parrish, Kathrine. Senior High School, Lexington, Ky.; B.S. Univ. of Ky., 1919. 

Parsons, Helen T. Extension Field Worker in Nutrition, Dept. Chem. Hj^giene, Johns 
Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Md.; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1911; M.S. Univ. 
of Wis., 1916. Vice-pres. Baltimore H. E. Assn. 

Partch, Laura. Instructor in Home Nursing and Child Welfare, H. E. Dept., Purdue 
Univ., W. LaFayette, Ind.; Graduate Diploma, Indianapolis City Hospital for Nurses, 
1897; B.S. Purdue Univ., 1917. 

Partridge, P.a.uline. H. E. Consultant, 1252 Washington St., San Francisco, Cal.; Wells 
Coll., Class of 1903. Author: Wheatless and Meatless Days, 1918. 

Partridge, Sarah W. Tallahassee, Fla. 

Patrick, Mabel. Lecturer, Hhld. Sci., Univ. of Alberta, Canada; B.A. Univ. of Toronto, 
1915. 



32 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Patterson. Helen K. Dir. Voc. H. E. (Smith-Hughes), Gallipolis, Ohio; B.S. in H. E. 

and B.S. in Ed., Ohio State Univ., 1918. 
Peacock, Mary Henley. Instmctor in Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. N. Y. 

C; Ph.B. Earlham Coll., 1898; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1901. 
Peek, Lillian. Asst. Dir. of H. E. Ed., State Dept., Austin, Tex.; B.A. Piedmont Coll., 

1912; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917; Diploma Supervision in H. A. Ed., Columbia Univ. 

Chairman H. E. Dept. of the Tex. Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers Assn. 
Penhall, Florence E. Supervisor of H. E., Little Falls, Minn.; B.S. Univ. of Minn., 1918. 
Penniman, Annie B. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Normal School, Framingham, Mass. ; Wellesley 

Coll.; Hhld. Arts Dept., Framingham Normal School. 
Penoyar, Nelle. Teacher of Hhld. Sci., "White Pigeon, Mich.; Life Certificate, Ypsilanti 

Normal, 1906. 
Peppard, Lillian L. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., R. I. State Coll., Kingston; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1917. 
Perham, Bertha E. Teacher of Dom. Sci., P. S. 150, 320 E. 96th St., N. Y. C; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., 1915. 
Perilla, Claelia. 1530 Woodhaven Blvd., Woodhaven, L. I., New York. 
Perkins, Fanny D. Teacher of Hhld. Sci., Girls High School, Nostrand Ave. and Halsey 

St., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Diploma, Hhld. Sci. and Arts, Pratt Inst., 1899. 
Perry, Lula M. Supervisor of Dom. Sci., Mansfield, O.; B.A. and Diploma in H. E., 

Hillsdale Coll., 1909. 
Person, May. M. A. C, East Lansing, Mich. 
Peterson, Minnie M. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, 300 N. Monroe St., Peoria, 111.; Bradley 

Inst.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1920. 
Pettitt, Sarah. U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. 
Pfan, Augusta L. Director of H. E., High School, Hamilton, O. ; Special Diploma, Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Phelps, Ethel. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, Div. of H. E., Univ. of Minn., St. Paul.; 

B.S. Cornell Univ., 1915. 
Phelps, Helen Garret. Dietitian and Teacher of H. E., Burlington, la.; Simmons Coll., 

1908-10. 
Phelps, Rolena A. Dir. of Dom. Sci. and Lunch Room, High School, Joplin, Mo.; Ph.B. 

in Ed. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Phillips, Ellen C. Instructor in H. E., la. State Coll., Ames; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 

1917. 
Phillips, Julia. 28 Midland Ave., White Plains, N. Y. 
PiCKEN, Mary B. (Mrs.), c /o Womans Inst, of D. A. and Sci., 434 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, 

Pa. 
Pickett, Elizabeth Danforth. Teacher of H. E., Harrodsburg, Ky., B.S. Univ. of Ky., 

1919; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
Pickett, Ethel B. Instructor in H. E., N. Mex. State Normal School, Silver City; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Pierce, Lucy H. 194 Daboll St., Providence, R. I. 
Pierpont, Charlotte C. State Home Dem. Leader, Burlington, Vt.; B.S. Univ. of Vt., 

1916. 
Plerson, Edith M. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Station A., Brookings, S. Dak.; B.S. Lewis Inst., 

1915; Univ. of Minn., Grad. work. 
Pirie, Emma E. Supervisor of H. E., Bd. of Ed., San Antonio, Tex.; Coll. of Indus. Arts; 

Univ. of Tenn.; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. Vice-Pres. Tex. H. E. Assn. Author: 

A Course in Sewing, 1910; Science of Homemaking. 
Pitcher, Charles S. Steward and Deputv Treas., Kings Park State Hospital, Kings Park, 

N. Y. 
Pittman, Martha S. Asst. Prof, of Food Econ. and Nutrition, Kans. State Agr. Coll., 

Manhattan; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1906; B.S.inNutrition,Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1916; M.A. ibid., 1918. 
Platt, Marguerite A. Teacher Dom. Sci., Holmes Jr. High School, Philadelphia, Pa.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1909. 
Platts, Catherine N. State Home Dem. Leader, Univ. of Me., Orono; B.S. Simmons 

Coll., 1911; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer, 1913. 
Plunkett, Carrie H. Dist. Home Dem. Agt., 323 Southern Trust Bldg., Little Rock, 

Ark.; Diploma, Ark. State Normal, 1914. 
Pope, Jessie. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Nevada, Reno; B.S. Univ. of Neb., 1913. 
Porter, Grace E. Cafeteria Dir., Y. W. C. A., Springfield, Mass.; Diploma, Mass. State 

Normal School, 1910. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 33 



Porter, Mattie. Head Dept. of H. E., Central High School, St. Joseph, Mo.; Univ. of 

Chicago. 
Porter, Sarah H. 274 N. Raymond Ave., Pasadena, Cal.; Assoc, in H. E., Lewis Inst., 

1912; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1916. 
Potter, Genevieve. Student Dietitian, New Haven Hosp., New Haven, Conn.; B.S. 

Ore. Agr. Coll., 1916. 
Potter, Mabel. State Supervisor Voc. H. E., Oklahoma City, Okla. 
Powell. Bess Lee. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Drumright, Okla. 
Powell, Ola. 409 S. Wardman Court, _N. W., Washington, D. C. 
Powell, Susie V. Asst. Dir. of Extension in charge Home Dem. Work, Agr. College, Miss.; 

Professional Teachers License, Whitworth Coll., 1910; Univ. of Miss.; Univ. of Chicago. 

Chairman of Conservation, State Council for Defense; Chairman H. E. under Food 

Admin. 
Powers, Ethel. Teacher of H. E., High School, Hunter, La.; Diploma, and 45 extra Coll. 

credits, La. State Normal, 1918. 
Powers, Lella Harrison. Dir. Dom. Sci., Y. W. C. A., Baltimore, Md.; Normal Dom. 

Sci., Drexel Inst., 1912; Graduate of Medicine; 6 mos. Nurses Hospital Training. 
Pratt, Caroline D. Dir. Dom. Arts Dept., Hampton Inst., Hampton, Va.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1898; Columbia Univ., Summer school, 3 terms. Author: Hampton Inst. 

Leaflet, 1919. 
Prescott, Mrs. C. H. 1624 Hazel Drive, Cleveland, O. 
Price, Eva G. (Mrs. Orlo J.), Mother, 326 Barrington St., Rochester, N. Y.; Ph.B. Univ. 

of Chicago, 1898. 
Price, Minnie. Home Dem. Agt., 244 Main St., Springfield, Mass.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 

1915. 
Proctor, Margaret. Econ. Sec'y, Cafeterias, Natl. Bd. Y. W. C. A., 600 Lexington Ave., 

N. Y. C; B.H. Sci. Univ. of Toronto, 1906. 
Proudfit, Fairfax T. Instructor in Dietetics, Univ. of Tenn. Medical Coll., Memphis; 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; Univ. of Chicago. Author: Dietetics for Nurses, 1918. 
Pryor, Louisa I. Agt. of Supervision, Voc. Dept., Mass. State Bd. of Ed., State House, 

Boston; Diploma, Salem Normal, 1904; Simmons Coll. 
PuLsiFER, Elizabeth C. Science Teacher, 533 N. Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J.; Albany 

Normal, 1900; Cornell Univ. 
PuLsiFER, Julia. 8 Hamilton Ave., Auburn, N. Y.; B.A. Vassar Coll., 1901; Mass. Inst. 

Tech.; Cornell Univ. 
PuRDY, Mabel Dulon (Mrs.). Food Editor, McClure's Magazine; Author and Editor, 

New Canaan, Conn.; Diploma, Columbia Univ. 1902; Lecture Course, Womans Medical 

Coll.; Diploma, Mrs. Rorer's Cooking School, 1903. Author: Food and Freedom, 1918. 
Putnam, George A. Supt. Inst. Branch Dept. of Agr. Toronto, Ontario, Can. 
Putnam, Helen C. Rhode Island Ave., Providence, R. I.; B.A. Vassar, 1878; M.D. Womans 

Med. Coll. of Pa., 1889; Grad. Harvard Sch. of Phys. Training, and N. E. Hosp. for 

Women and Children; L.L.D. Western Reserve Univ., 1912. 

Race, Effie J. Instructor, 111. School for the Deaf, Jacksonville; Lewis Inst., 1902-03; 

Chautauqua Sch. of H. E., 1904. 
Rainey, Rose. Instructor in Advanced Cookery and Dietetics, Bucknell Univ., Lewisburg, 

Pa.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1911. 
Raitt, Effie I. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., Univ. of Wash., Seattle; M.A. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ. Pres. Wash. School Women's Exec. League. 
Rambo, Jessie E. Prof, in Charge Dept. of H. E., Canyon, Tex.; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1908; 

Bradley Polytechnic. Secy. Tex. H. E. Assn. 
Rantdall, Lilian. Acting Manager Ryzon Service Staff, Genl. Chem. Co., N. Y. C; 

Diploma in Dom. Sci., St. Lawrence Univ., 1911. 
Rathburn, Helen P. Instructor in H. E., High School, Delmar, Del.; Diploma, Teacher 

Training Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1919. 
Ravenhill, Alice. Lecturer on Hhld. Econ. and Hygiene under International Com. on 

Teaching H. E., A. H. E. A., 23 Dallas Ave., Victoria, B. C, Can. Councilor, A. H. 

E. A.; Vice-Pres., Child Study Soc, Gt. Britain. Author: Elements of Sanitary Law, 

1896; Practical Hygiene, 1907 and 1908; Characteristics and Requirements of Child 

Life, 1908; Household Foes, 1910; Household Administration in the 20th Century, 1910. 

Reports: Teaching of Hygiene and Household Economics in the Colleges and Schools 

of U. S. A., 1903; Character Forming Influences in Girls Schools, 1907; Investigation 

into Hours of Sleep in Childhood, 1908; Investigation into Play Interests in Childhood, 

1910. 



34 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Raymond, Edith E. (Mrs. Isaac S.)- Crokett, C;\l. 

Reddish, Katherine C. Senior High School, Le?:ington, Kj-.; Univ. of Ky., (3j yrs.); 

• Columbia Univ., Summer session. 
Redifei^, Florence. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., State Agr. Coll., Ft. Collins. Colo.; Dioloma, 

Incl. State Normal, 1906; B.A. ibid., 1914; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 1914-15; 

Univ. of Chicago, Summer, 1915. 
Rees, I^Iabel L. (Mrs.). 39 Winthrop St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Reese, Madge J. Asst. Home Dem. Work (15 Southern States), Ofuce of Extension, So., 

U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C; Pd.B. State Teachers Coll. (Kirksville\ 1909; 

B.S. Univ. of Mo., 1914. Author: Bulletin, Ala. Polv. Inst., 1916; Circular, Ofricc of 

Exten. So., 1917; Farmers Eul. 927, 1918; Circular 109, U. S. Dept. of Agr., 1919. 
Reeves, Grace G. Instructor in Hhld. Arts Ed. Dept., Te.-.chers Coll., Columbia Univ. 

N. Y.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1915. 
Reeves, Inez E. Resident Dietitian, City Hospital, Blackwells Island, N. Y.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1909; Simmons Coll., Summer session, 1915. Chairman, Mem. Com., 

N. Y. Assn. of Dietitians. 
Reeves, Mary Elizabeth. Teacher of Indus. H. E., C31 N. Trapton, Tacoma, Wash.; 

Diploma, Ohio State Normal, 1914. 
Reilly, Nina C. Instructor in Clothing, Oglebay Hall, W. Va. Univ., Morgantown; B.S. 

in Ed. Univ. of Mo., 1916. 
Rextrew, Amy. Supervisor Hhld. Arts, High School, Glens Falls, N. Y.; B.S. State Coll. 

for Teachers, Albany, 1915. 
Reynolds, Ellen Ann. Assoc. Prof, of Hhld. Econ., Kans. State Coll., Manhattrn; B.S. 

Univ. of Ky., 1895; M.S. ibid., 1896; M.A. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Reynolds, Lucile W. Asst. State Leader, Home Dem. Agts. and Supervisor of H. E. for 

the State Dept. of Ed., State Coll., Bozeman, ilont.; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1909 
Rice, Alma L. Teacher of H. E., Portage Path Sch., Akron, O.; Diplomas Dayton Normal 

Sch., 1911, and Stout Inst., 1918; Univ. of Chicago, Summer session. 
P.ICHARDS, Lenore. Instructor in Institutional Management and Asst. Mngr. of Dining 

Hall, Univ. of Minn., Univ. Farm, St. Paul; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1915. 
Richards, Robert H. 32 Eliot St., Jamaica Plain, Mass. Prof. Emeritus, Mass. Institute 

of Technology. 
Richardson, Anna E. Asst. Dir., H. E. Ed., Fed. Bd. for Voc. Ed., Washington, D. C; 

B.S. Peabody Coll. for Teachers, 1903; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Richardson, Mary B. State Home Dem. Leader, State Coll., N. M.; B.Di., la. State 

Teachers Coll.; Diploma in H. E., Stout Inst., 1914. Author: la. Sta. Coll. Bulletins 

in Cooking and Sewing. 
Richer, Miriam. Head H. E. Dept., Sam Houston Normal Inst., Huntsville, Tex.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1915. 
Richeson, Virginia C. Teacher of H. E., Grover Cleveland High School, St. Louis, Mo.; 

B.A. Univ. of 111., 1905. 
Rider, Grace Godfrey (Mrs. Fremont) . Grand View on Hudson, Nyack, N. Y. 
Riegel, Margaret E. Supervisor of Home Making, Voc. Sch., Arendtsville, Pa.; B.S., 

Simmons Coll., 1917. 
Riemenschneider, Alma Anne. Head of H. E.'Dept., Dak. Wesleyan Univ., ]\Iitchell, 

S. Dak.; Cornell Coll., 1911-13; B.S. in H. E., la. State Coll., 1916; Univ. of Chicago, 

Grad. work. 
Rtggs, Eunice. Dir., Smith-Hughes Voc. H. E., New Vienna, O.; B.S. Univ. of Cincinnati, 

1919. 
Rinehart, Gertrude L. Instructor H. E., Franklin High School, Seattle, Wash.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1903; B.S. Teachers Coll., 1908. 
Rinehart, Opal. Asst. in H. E. Dept., of High Schools, Gumpero Sena Sch., Pasadena, 

Cal.; Jr. Standing, H. E., Margaret Morrison Carnegie School, 1915; Grad. Inst. Manage- 
ment and Sp. Certificate of Hhld. Arts, Manual and Fine Arts., Santa Barbara Sta. 

Norm. Sch. of M. A. and H. E., 1917. 
RiRE, Alma L. 336 Oakland Drive, Akron, O. 

Ritner, Emma L. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Utah St. Sch., Los Angeles, Cal.; Oread Inst., 1903. 
Roberts, Dorothy. Instructor in H. E. Univ. of Wis., Madison; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1917. 
Roberts, Edith A. Vassar Coll., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 

Roberts, Lydia J. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Chicago; M.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Roberts, IMabel E. Head Instructor in H. E., High School, Osawatomie, Kans.; B.S. 

in Agr., Univ. of Mo., 1919; Univ. of Chicago. 
Roberts, Reena. Instructor in H. E. and Supervisor of Evening Sch. Work in H. E.,. 

Woonsocket, R. I.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1917. 



1919J DIRECTORY 35 

Robertson, Annie I. Teacher of Dom. Sci., High School, Hartford, Conn.; B.S. Simmons 

Coll., 1911. Sec.-Treas., Conn. H. E. Assn. 
Robertson, Julia. Head, Dept. of H. E., S. Ga. State Normal Coll., Valdosta, Ga.; B.S. 

George Peabody Coll., 1918. 
Robinson, Elizabeth Vermilye (Mrs. J. G.). Graduate Stud., Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., N. Y. C; B.A. State Coll. of Wash., 1908; Univ. of Minn. 
Robinson, Florence. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Beloit Coll., Beloit, Wis.; B.A. Univ. of Wis., 

1893; M.A. ibid., 1895; Completed H. E. training, 1916. 
Robinson, Margaret L. Home Dem. Agt., Middlesex Co. Bureau, Waltham, Mass.; 

B.S. Cornell Univ., 1913. 
Robinson, Mary E. Extension Instructor in H. E., Coll. of Agr., Columbia, Mo.; B.S. 

in H. E., Mich. Agr. Coll., 1917. 
Robinson, Ruth L. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Public Schools, Edwardsville, III.; Diploma, 

East. III. State Normal Sch., 1912; B.S. Univ. of 111., 1916; Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1919-20. 
RoBsoN, Helen K. Instructor in Clothing, Wash. State Coll., Pullman; Diploma, Thomas 

Norma), 1913; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
RoDiMON, Esther W. Box 187, Williamsburg, Va. 
Rogers, M. Esther. Food Specialist, Extension Div., Agricultural College, Miss.; B.S. 

and M.A. George Peabody Coll., 1918. 
Roof, Antoinette. Instructor in Ed., Simmons College, Boston, Mass. ; Diploma, Framing- 
ham Normal School, 1886. 
Root, Addie D. Asst. State Club Leader, Supervisor of Girls Clubs, Coll. of Agr., Univ. 

of Mo., Columbia; B.A. Friends Univ.. 1912; B.S. in H. E., Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1913. 
Rorabaugh, Ardee. Supervisor of H. E., Cheltenham School Dist., Elkins Park, Pa.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1908; Teachers Coll. Pres. H. E. Assn., Phila. 
Rose, Flora. Prof, and Head of H. E. Dept., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.; Diploma 

Framingham Normal School, 1903; B.S. Kans. Agr. Coll., 1904; M.A. Columbia Univ., 

1909. Author: Manual of Hpmemaking (with Van Rensslaer and Canon) 1919; Series 

of Leaflets on Thrift for Cornell Reading Course. 
Rose, Mary Swartz. Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Nutrition, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

N. Y. C; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1906; Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1909. Author: Laboratory 

Handbook for Dietetics, 1912; Feeding the Family, 1916; Every Day Foods in War 

Time, 1918. 
Rosenberger, Lucile. Head H. E. Dept., Penn Coll., Oskaloosa, la.; Ph.B. Penn Coll., 

1905; M.A. ibid., 1909; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1914. 
Rosengreen. Ruth. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Fillmore, Utah; B.S. Utah Agr. Coll., 1917. 
Rothermel, Elizabeth. Assoc. Prof, of Food Econ. and Nutrition, Kans. State Agr. Coll., 

Manhattan; B.A. Univ. of Cal., 1899; M.A. Columbia Univ. 1913. 
Roudebush, Margaret M. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, 11118 Bellflower Rd., Cleveland, O.; 

Univ. of Chicago. 
Rouse, Myrtie VanDeusen (Mrs. James E.). Hays, Kans.; Pratt Inst., 1908; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912; M.A. ibid., 1916. 
RouTH, Elsie M. Teacher of H. E., Bowen High School, Chicago; Chicago Normal Coll., 

1913; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1914; Columbia Univ. 
RowE, Bess. Bozeman, Mont. 
Rott'E, May A. Dormitory Manager, Nelson Hall, Stevens Poiht, Wis.; M.S. Univ. of 

Wis., 1917. 
RuGG, Ellen Marshall. Field Representative, Potomac Div. Headquarters, A. R. C, 

Washington, D. C; B.H.E. Amer. Sch. of H. E., 1905. Cor. Sec'y D. C. H. E. Assn. 
RuGGLEs, Anne Reed. Hardwick, Mass. 
Ruggles, Helen (Mrs.). 7256 Yale Ave., Chicago, 111. 
Russell, Martha Montague. Supt. of Univ. Hospital, Boulder, Colo.; Mt. Holj-oke 

Coll. (2 yrs.) ; N. Y. Hospital Training School for Nurses (2 yrs.), 1894. 
Ryan, Eunice. Assoc. Prof. Coll. of Industrial Arts, Denton, Tex.; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1914. 

Safford, Bertha. Head of Coll. Hall of Residence, Lord Cottage, Oberlin, Ohio; Simmons 

Coll., 1904-05. 
Sage, Elizabeth. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Ind. Univ., Bloomington; B.S. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Sale, S. Frances. Dir. Farm Practice Homes, I. I. and C, Columbus, Miss.; Diploma 

State Normal, Athens, Ga., 1905; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1912; M.A. and Supervisor's 

Diploma, ibid., 1919. 



36 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Salisbury, Edith Charlton. Asst. Extension Work with Women, N. and W., States Rela- 
tions Service, Wash., D. C. 
Salter, R. Pearl. Dir. of Hhld. Art, 111. State Normal Univ., Normal; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1916. 
Sanders, Rachael W. Instructor Dom. Sci., Mt. Morris H. S. and Coll., Mt. Morris, 111.; 

B.S. Coll. Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex., 1919; Diploma, Lewis Institute, Chicago. 
Sands, Forrest Eveleen. Teacher of H. E., High School, Norwalk, O.; B.S. in Dom. Sci., 

Ohio State Univ., 1910. 
Sand WALL, Alzira Wentworth (Mrs.). Health Instructor on Foods, State Dept., Public 

Health, State House, Boston, Mass.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1911. Author: Bulletins on 

Food and Digestion; Simple Facts about Digestion. 
Sapp, Donna L. Teacher of H. E., Parker High School, Dayton, O. ; B.S. Ohio State Univ., 

1906. Sec'y, Central Ohio H. E. Assn. 
Sarver, Edith A. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Schenectady, N. Y.; Skidmore Sch. of Arts, 

1914; Teachers Coll., Summer session. Pres. Skidmore Sch. of Arts Alum. Assn. 
Sauer, Alma G. Critic Teacher, Teacher Training Smith-Hughes Voc. H. E., Univ. of 

Cincinnati, O.; B.S. Univ. of Cincinnati, 1916. Chairman, Program Com., Cincinnati 

H. E. Assn. 
Sawyer, Edna Clark. 2414 Hoyt Ave., Everett, Wash. 
Sayles, Marie. Asst. State Home Dem. Leader, Mass. Agr. Coll., Amherst; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914; M.A. ibid., 1919. 
Scantlebury, Eva. In Charge of H. E. Dept., Emma Willard Sch., Troy, N. Y.; Diploma, 

Pratt Inst., 1911. 
Schapiro, Mary L. (Mrs. J. S.). Dir. Bureau of H. E. and Dietetics, United Hebrew 

Charities, 416 W. 122nd St., N. Y. C; B.S. and Teachers Diploma in H. E., Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. _ 
SCHEtD, C. Bernice. Instructor in Hhld. Arts and Sci., East Ave. Sch., Kalamazoo, Mich.; 

Diploma, Rochester Aetheneum and Mechanics Inst., 1913. 
Schermerhorn, Grace. Dir. of Cooking, N. Y. Pub. Schools, 131 Livingston St., 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Schmidt, C. Rowena. Instructor in Foods, Dept. of H. E., W. Va. Univ., Morgantown; 

B.S. in Ed., Univ. of Mo., 1918. 
ScHMiT, Celestine. 135 Langdon St., Madison, Wis. 
ScHMiTZ, Marie C. Teacher of Dom. Art, Waterbury, Conn.; Diploma, Mechanics Inst., 

1914; Teachers Coll.; Miss Farmers School of Cookery, Summer session. Pres. Arts 

and Crafts Club, Waterbury, Conn. 
Scholes, Bonnie Elizabeth. Asst. Extension Prof, of H. E., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y.; 

B.S. in H. E. Univ. of Wis., 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Scott, Iva. Head H. E. Dept., Western Ky. State Normal, Bowling Green; Diploma, 

Stout Inst., 1911. 
Scott, Janet. Bryant School, Seattle, Wash. 
Sears, Millicent L. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Nev. and State Supervisor of H. E., Reno; 

Syracuse Univ.; B.S. Oread Coll., 1916; Columbia Univ. State Chairman, Thrift Com. 

A. H. E. A. Author: Food Conservation Bulletins. 
Secrezt, May. Asst. State Home Dem. Leader, Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Cal., Berkeley; 

B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1902; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1902. 
See, Helene M. Teacher of Hhld. Econ., Fenger High School, Chicago; B.Ed., Coll. of 

Education, Univ. of Chicago, 1906; B.S. ibid., 1907. 
Seelye, Mary W. Asst. Supt. of Andrews Inst. , Willoughby , O. 

Sellers, Marie. Household Editor, Pictorial Review, N.Y. C.;B.A. Swarthmore Coll., 1910. 
Sexton, Laura. Instructor in Hhld. Arts, Central Rural School, Chazy, N. Y.; B.S. New 

York State Coll. for Teachers, 1914. Pres. N. Y. State H. E. Assn. 
Seybolt, Lois A. Asst. in Hhld. Management, Simmons Coll., Boston; B.S. Simmons 

Coll., 1919. 
Seymour, Mrs. Lewis. 25 North St., Binghamton, N. Y. Pres., Broom Co. H. E. Assn.; 

1st. Vice-Pres., N. Y. State Federation of Home Bureaus; Mem., Exec. Com. of Advisory 

Bd. to Coll. of Agr., Cornell Univ. 
Seymour, Lurene. Instructor in H. E. in charge Dom. Art, Mills College, Cal.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of Mich., 1895; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1911. 
Shaeffer, Maria W. Special Teacher in Dom. Art, Lincoln Center, Youngstown, O.; 

Special Supervisor Diploma, Thomas Normal, Detroit, 1919; State Life Certificate, 

Special in H. E., Ohio Northern Univ., 1919; Ohio Univ., Summer session, 1919. 
Shatler, Mrs. William Griggs. Homemaker and Pioneer in organizing H. E. work, 260 

West 76th St., N. Y. C. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 37 



Shank, Dorothy. Asst. Prof, of H. E. in Extension Service, Univ. of Wash., Seattle; B.S. 

Teachers Col!., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Shankland, Sherwood D. Sec'y and Supt., The Andrews Inst, for Girls, Willoughby, 

O.; B.A. Western Reserve Univ., 1894; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1918; Diploma, Supt. 

of Schools, Teachers Coll., 1918. Treas. and Exec. Sec'y, The North Eastern Ohio 

Teachers Assn.; Trustee, State Normal College, Kent, Ohio. 
Shaw, Annie. Instructor in H. E., Marietta, Okla.; B.S. Okla. A.andM., 1910; Univ. of 

Okla., 1913. 
Shaw, Julia W. Asst. Dir. of Dom. Sci. M St. High School, Washington, D. C; Columbia 

Univ.; Harvard Univ.; Chautauqua. Pres., Interstate Industrial Arts Assn.; Vice-Pres., 

Hhld. Arts Assn. 
Shawhan, Mercy. Metropolis, Nev. 

Sheffield, Mary S. (Mrs. William Paine). Homemaker, Miantonomi Ave., Newport, R. I. 
Shepperd, Juanita L. Lecturer and Instructor in Extension Work for Women, Univ. 

Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; M.A. Drake Univ., 1884; Pratt Inst. Author: Household 

Science (Foods and Cookery), 1908; Laundry Work, 1916. 
Sherman, Henry C. Prof, of Food Chem., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; B.S. Maryland 

State Coll., 1893; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1896; Ph.D. ibid., 1897; Hon. D.Sc. Maryland 

State Coll., 1913. Member Com. on Food and Nutrition, Natl. Research Council; 

Councilor, Amer. Chem. Soc. Author: Food Products, 1914; Chemistry of Food and 

Nutrition, second ed., 1918. 
Shilling, Ida M. Home Dem. Agt., Kansas City, Mo.; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 

1910. Pres. H. E. Div., Mo. State Teachers Assn. 
Shonka, Rose. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Bd. of Ed., Lincoln, Neb.; B.S. Univ. of Neb., 

1915; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer sessions. Pres., H. E. Section, Neb. 

State Teachers Assn. 
Siever, Winifred N. Dir. of H. E., Butler Coll., Indianapolis, Ind.; B.S. Columbia Univ., 

1918; Teachers Certificate, Teachers Coll. 
Simmons, Jennie. 819 South 7th St., Tacoma, Wash. 
Simpson, Elizabeth T. Home Bureau Mngr., Westchester Co., White Plains, N. Y.; 

B.S. Cornell Univ., 1919. 
Simpson, Virginia, Converse Coll., Spartanburg, S. C. 
Simrall, Anne. Supervisor Hhld. Arts, Public Schools, Lexington, Ky.; B.A. Univ. of 

Ky., 1911; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917. 
Sims, Fannie A. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of S. Dak., Vermilion; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 

1919. Vice-Pres. S. Dak. H. E. Assn. 
Sipp, Mildred L. Asst. in Hhld. Arts Dept., State Normal Sch., Buffalo, N. Y.; Teachers 

Diploma, Buffalo State Normal Sch., 1914; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Skinner, Edna L. Dir. of H. E., Mass. Agr. Coll., Amherst; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1908. 
Skinner, Frances B. University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 
Slack, Jean. Box 103, Sultan Schools, Sultan, Washington. 
Slaght, Elizabeth S. (Mrs.). Teacher of Dom. Sci., Union High School, Grand Rapids, 

Mich.; Pratt Inst., 1903. 
Sloan, Amelia M. Instructor in charge H. E. Dept., High School, Payson, Utah; B.S. 

Univ. of 111., 1917. 
Smead, Ritchie. Camden, Ark. 
Smedley, Emma. Dir., Dept. of School Luncheons, Bd. of Public Ed., Philadelphia, Pa.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1899. Author: Institution Recipes, 3rd. ed., 1919. 
Smenner, Anna Olivia. Dir. of H. E. Dept., State Normal Sch., Livingston, Ala. ; Diploma, 

Industrial High School, Columbus, Ga., 1909; Diploma, Normal and Indus. Coll., 

Milledgeville, Ga., 1911 ; Teachers Coll., 1918-19 and 4 Summer sessions. 
Smith, Bertha. 5638-12th Ave. N. E., Seattle, Wash. 
Smith, Estelle T. (Mrs.). Dist. Agt. Home Dem. Work, Goldsboro, N. C; Normal Coll., 

Asheville, N. C. 
Smith, Greta E. 306 W. Park St., Pittsburg, Kans.; Univ. of Minn.; B.S. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Smith, Helen C. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, School of H. E., Syracuse Univ., N. Y.; 

Special Certificate, N. Y. State Teachers Coll., 1912, 
Smith, Julia. West Unity, Ohio. 

Smith, Lillee C. Director of Home Economics, High School, Brookline, Mass. 
Smith, Mae D. Teacher of H. E., High School, Morristown, Tenn.; Diploma in H, E., 

Maryville Coll., 1915; B.A. ibid., 1916. Sec'y, H. E. Dept., E. Tenn. Ed. Assn. 
Smith, Nina B. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., Ind. State Normal School, Muncie; 

B.S. in H. E. Purdue Univ., 1916. 



38 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Smith, Vera S. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Central High School, Kalamazoo, Mich.; Life 

Certificate, Western State Normal, 1909; Univ. of Wis., 1911. 
Snedden, David. Prof, of Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; Ph.D. Columbia 

Univ., 1907. Pres. Natl. Society for Voc. Ed. 
Snell, Ella May. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, Central High School, St. Paul, Minn.; 

B.S. Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Minn., 1913. Chairman of Foods and Nutrition Section of 

Minn. H. E. Assn. 
Snell, Florence. Teacher of H. E., High School, Douglas, Kans.; B.S. Kans. State Agr. 

Coll., 1911. 
Snell, Ruth E. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, Mechanic Arts High School, St. Paul, 

Minn. ; B.S. Coll. of Agr., Univ. of Minn., 1916. Sec'y Minn. H. E. Assn. 
Snow, Jenny H. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts in High and Elementary Schools, Tribune Bldg., 

Chicago; B.Ed. Univ. of Chicago, 1904; B.S. ibid., 1906; M.S. ibid., 1907. 
South, Christine N. State Home Dem. Agt., Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C; B.A. 

Winthrop Coll., 1903; B.S. and Professional Diploma, Teachers College, Columbia 

Univ., 1915. 
Southard, Lydia. House Dir. and Instructor, 1230 Amsterdam Ave., N. Y. C; B.A. 

Wellesley Coll., 1899. 
Southworth, Emma Reid. Asst. Prof, of Dietetics and Nutrition, Conn. Coll., New London; 

B.A. Mt. Holyoke, 1902; Simmons Coll.; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Spafford, Ivol 6. Supervisor of H. E., State Dept. of Ed., Montgomery, Ala.; B.Pd. 

Mich. State Normal Sch., 1913; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Sp.alding, Mary. 1019 Middlesex St., Lowell, Mass.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1908. 
Spearsian, Rosa. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 

B.S. Coll. of Indus. Arts, 1917; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer, 1918. 
Spensley, Nelle V. Head, Dept. of H. E., Northern Normal and Indus. Sch., Aberdeen, 

S. Dak.; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1910; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914; Univ. of 

Wis., Summer session, 1917. Pres. H. E. Assn., S. Dak. 
Spohn, Adelaide. Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York. 
Spohr, Wilhelmina. Asst. Prof, of Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. 

Y. C; B.S. Kan. State Agr. Coll., 1897; Diploma Dom. Econ., Stout Inst., 1907; B.S. 

Columbia Univ., 1914; M.A. ibid., 1917. Author: Teaching Home Economics (with 

Cooley, Winchell, and Marshall); Household Arts for Home and School, Vol. I and II, 

(with Cooley). 
Spooner, Ella J. Assoc. Prof, of Dom. Art, Simmons Coll., Boston; Diploma, Framingham 

Normal School, 1896; Certificate, Simmons Coll., 1906. 
Sprague, Elizabeth C. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Kans., Lawrence; Boston Normal School 

of Hhld. Arts; Univ. of Chicago. 
Spray, Mabel R. 1716 E. 55th St., Chicago, 111. 
Spring, Helen M. 2007 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Stack, Bertha Rushton. Dietitian, Genesee Pure Food Co., LeRoy, N. Y.; St. Johns 

Coll., Winnipeg, 1893. 
Stacy, Charlotte. Teacher of H. E. and Mngr. of Home Management House, Pine River, 

Minn.; B.S. in H. E. Univ. of Minn., 1917; Teachers Coll. Work toward M.S., 1919. 
Stanley, Louise. Prof, of H. E. and Chairman of Dept., Univ. of Mo., Columbia; B.S. 

Peabody Coll., 1903; B. of Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1906; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1907; 

Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1911. 
Stannard, Margaret (Mrs.). Dir. Garland School of Homemaking, Boston, Mass.; 

Diploma, Garland Kindergarten Training School, 1896. 
Starin, Frances A. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Univ. School, Cincinnati, O.; Ph.B. Univ. of 

Chicago, 1917. 
Steele, Clara M. Asst. Manual Training Dept., State Normal School, Plattsburg, N. Y.; 

B.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1898; Cornell Univ. ; Columbia Univ. 
Steele, Cora Ann. Instructor in Foods and Cookery, N. Y. State Coll. for Teachers, 

Albany; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917; Univ. of Neb. 
Steininger, Lillian. Instructor, Chicago Normal Coll., Chicago, 111.; B.S. in Ed. Univ. 

of Chicago, 1913. 
Stern, Fern W. (Mrs.). 3834 Hamilton St., Omaha Neb.; Diploma, Stout Inst., 1911. 
Ste\^ens, Charlotte H. (Mrs. O. H.). 32 Pleasant St., Marlboro, Mass. 
Stevens, Gr.\ce E. Marengo, 111. 
Stewart, Frances Elizabeth. Hhld. Sci. Teacher, Lindblom High School, Chicago, 111.; 

Normal Diploma Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1903. Author: H. E. Series, Lessons in Cookery: 

Bk. I, Food Economy; Bk. II, Diet for Adults; Bk. Ill, Diet for Children; Bk. IV, 

Diet for Invalids, 1918-19. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 39 



Stewart, Isabel L. Dietitian and Dir. of Nurses Home, 111. Training Sch. for Nurses, 

Chicago; Pratt Inst., 1907. 
Stewart, iMarguerite T. Instructor in H. E., Fremont Co., Voc. High School, Lander, 

Wyoming; B.A. Univ. of Neb., 1912; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ.; Univ. of Colo. 
Stilwell, Mary Elizabeth. Co. Home Dem. Agt., Virginia, Minn.; B.A. St. Lawrence 

Univ., 1912; Columbia Univ., Grad. work. 
Stimmel, Sarah E. Prof, and Dir. of H. E., Municipal Univ., Akron, O.; B.S. in H. E. 

Ohio State Univ., 1913. 
Stine, Mrs. Oscar C. 1 Hesketh St., Chevy Chase, D. C; B.S. Univ. of Wis., 1917. 
Stocking, Mary Bosworth. Instructor in Hhld. Management, Simmons Coll., Boston, 

Mass.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1910; M.S. Univ. of Wis., 1916. Cor.-Secy. N. Eng. H. E. 

Assn. Author: Course in Hhld. Management, 1917; The Business of the Household 

(withC.W. Tabor), 1918. 
Stone, Cecile C. 1310 Rosemary Lane, Columbia, Missouri. 
Stone, Jessie R. Eveleth, Minn.; B.S. in D. E., Lewis Inst., 1918. 
Stoner, Minna A. Business Mngr. and Medical Dietitian; Instructor in Sch. of Nursing, 

Univ. Hospital, Boulder, Colo.; B.S. S. Dak. State Coll., 1890; Diploma in Hhld. Arts, 

Framingham, Mass., State Normal, 1893; Univ. of Minn., Summer session, 1907; Sim- 
mons Coll., 1915; Univ. of Colo., Special work, 1919-20. 
Stoody, Bess L. Head, Dept. of H. E., Womans Coll., Due West, S. C; Normal Diploma, 

Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics Inst., 1910; Certificate, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1912. 
Strang, Ruth. Cooking Teacher, Pub. Sch. 64, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Normal Diploma Hhld. 

Sci., Pratt Inst., 1916. 
Stratton, Gladys E. Home Dem. Agt., Essex Co. School, Hathorne, Mass.; Teachers 

ColL, Columbia Univ. 
Streeter, Nina. Dir., Dept. of H. E., Saginaw Co. Chapter, A. R. C, Saginaw, Mich.; 

B.A. Univ. of Mich., 1902; Univ. of Chicago, 1911, 12, 13; Teachers Coll.. Columbia 

Univ., 1916. 
Streng, Edna E. Head, Dept. of H. E., Cherokee Co. High School, Columbus, Kans.; 

Special Certificate in H. E. (renewed), Kans. State Manual Training Normal, 1917. 
Stribling, Emily. Instructor in Hhld. Sci. Dept., Winthrop Normal and Indus. Coll., 

Rock Hill, S. C; B.A. Winthrop Normal and Ind. CoU., 1917; Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., Summer session, 1919. 
Strohmeyer, Ethel. Teacher of Cooking and Sewing, High School, New Rochelle, N. Y.; 

Normal Diploma Dom. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1907; Columbia Univ. Summer sessions, 1916 

and 1919. 
Strong, Ann Gilchrist (Mrs.). State Dir., Hhld. Arts, Indumati Mahol, Baroda, India, 

and Hhld. Adminstrator of Palaces of His Royal Highness, the Maharajah Gaekwar of 

Baroda; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1905. Author: Chapter in Dr. Paul 

Monroe's Secondary Education; Book of Six Lectures delivered in India; Elementary 

Vernacular Texts (in preparation); Pamphlets on Household Arts for Health Propa- 
ganda in Baroda. 
Strong, Eunice E. Head, Dept. of Dom. Sci., High School,, Fair Havdn, Mass.; Diplom., 

Oread Inst., 1899; Bachelor's Diploma in Ed., Teachers Coll., 1902. 
Stuart, Sadie. Supervisor Voc. H. E. in Rural Schools of Dona Ana Co., Las Cruces, 

N. M.; B.S. N. Mex. Coll. of A. andM., 1914. 
Studley, Lucy A. 307 Bay St., Springfield, Mass. 
Sturges, Florence B. (Mrs. William N.). Manager Chicago College Club, 153 N. jMichigan 

Ave., Chicago; Ph.B. Northwestern Univ., 1889; B.S. Lewis Inst., 1916. 
Sturgis, Ruth Murphy (Mrs. F. W.). Consulting Dietitian, Springfield, Mass.; Consulting 

Work, New Rochelle Hospital; Diploma, Boston Cooking School, 1903. Author: Meat 

Charts; Recipe Book for "Omar Flour." 
SuLLWAN, Kathleen Brenn.an. Instructor in H. E., Ky. State Normal, Richmond; B.S. 

inH.E. Univ. of Ky., 1916. 
Sunderlin, Ida Ellsworth (Mrs. R. J.). Head, Dept. of H. E., Union High School, 

Inglewood, Cal.; B.S. in H. E. Univ. of Wis., 1914. 
Swain, Frances L. Head, Dept. of Hhld. Arts, Chicago Normal Coll., Chicago, 111.; B.S. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1912; M.A. ibid., 1914. 
Swan, Inez B. Home Dem. Agent, Lewis and Clark Co., Helena, Mont.; Diploma, Stout 

Institute, 1911; Columbia Univ., Summer, 1915. 
SwART, jMrs. William. State Home Dem. .Vgt., University Station, Baton Rouge, La.; 

Diploma, Drexel Inst.. 1913. 



40 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Sweeny, Mary E. Head, Dept. of H. E. and Home Dem., Univ. of Ky., Lexington; B.A. 

Transylvania Coll., 1899; M.S. Univ. of Ky., 1906; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1912. Vice- 

Pres., A. H. E. A. 
SwEiTZER, Rose M. Dietitian, Municipal Hosp., Philadelphia, Pa.; Dom. Sci., Thomas 

Normal Training Sch., 1915. 
Swift, Mildred L. Supervisor of H. E., Beach School, Oshkosh, Wis.; Diploma, Boston 

School Dom. Sci., 1913; Hyannis Normal; Simmons Coll., Extension; Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 2 Summers. 
Swisher, Alice. Dir. of Smith-Hughes Voc. H. E., Miami Univ., Oxford, O.; B.S. Ohio 

State Univ., 1914. 
Swisher, Ida Belle. Teacher of H. E., W. Seattle High School, Seattle, Wash.; B.A. 

Colo. State Teachers Coll., 1913. 

Talbot, Marion. Prof, of Hhld. Admin., Univ. of Chicago; B.A. Boston Univ., 1880; 

M.A. ibid, 1882; B.S. Mass. Inst. Tech., 1888; LL.D. Cornell Coll., 1904. Author: 

Ed. of Women, 1910; House Sanitation, 1917; The Modern Household (with S. P. 

Breckinridge), 1919. . 
Talbot, Mildred V. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Chicago; B.A. Univ. of III, 1912; Pratt 

Inst.; N. Y. School of Fine and Applied Art; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
Talcott, Avis, c/o Fairfield Co. Farm Bureau, Danburj^, Conn.; B.A. Rockford Coll., 

1906. 
Taylor, Grace DeEtte. Home Advisor, Adams Co., Home Bureau Office, Quincy, 111.; 

B.S. in Hhld. Sci., Univ. of 111., 1917. 
Teagardner, Irene. Univ. of Mont., Missoula. 
Teague, GtJYTON. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed:, Jackson, Miss.; B.S. Miss. State Coll. 

for Women, 1913; Univ. of Chicago; Univ. of 111. 
Tear, Julia Frances. Assoc. Prof., Hhld. Arts Dept., Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 

Diploma, Chicago Normal Coll., 1908; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1911. 
Teare, Ellen J. La Crosse Co. School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, Onalaska, 

Wis. 
Terrill, Bertha M. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Vt., Burlington; B.A. Mt. Holyoke Coll., 

1895; M.A. Univ. of Chicago, 1908. 
Thomas, Alice L. Teacher of Dressmaking, Millinery, and Cooking, The Finch School, 

N. Y. C; B.A. Allegheny Coll., 1903; B.S. and Diploma in Dom. Sci., Columbia Univ., 

1911; M.A. and Diploma in Hhld. Arts Ed., ibid, 1914; Univ. of Chicago, Graduate 

Sch., 1912-13; Univ. of Cal., Extension, 1914-16; Univ. of Minn. Seminar, 1916-17; 

Columbia Univ., Summer sessions, 1916, 17, 18. 
Thomas, Edith M. State Supervisor of H. E., Fla. State Coll. for Women, Tallahassee; 

B.S. Hood Coll., 1901; Diploma, Y. W. C. A. School of Dom. Sci., Boston, 1909; Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912-13. Pres., Fla. State H. E. Assn.; Chairman Voc. Section 

Fla. State Teachers Assn. 
Thomas, Edith M. (Mrs.). Quakertown, Pa. Author: Mary at the Farm and Recipes 

by the Pennsylvania Dutch, 1915. 
Thomas, Martha. Asst. Prof, of H. E. Univ. of Tenn., Knoxville; B.S. in H. E. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Thomas, Mary E. Head, Dept. of H. E., Bolton High School, Alexandria, La.; Peabody 

Coll., Univ. of Chicago; Teachers Coll. 
Thomason, Lillie. Supervisor of Hhld. Sci. and Art, Three Rivers, Mich.; B.S. Mich Agr., 

Coll., 1916. 
Thompson, Annie. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Public Schools, Michigan City, Ind. 
Thompson, Helen Bishop. Dean, Div. of H. E. and Prof, of Nutrition and Dietetics, 

Kans. State Agr. Coll., Manhattan; B.S. Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1903; M.S. ibid, 1907; 

M.A. Columbia Univ., 1913; Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1917. 
Thompson, Maltd Elder. Dir. of H. E., Southwest Texas State Normal Coll., San Marcos; 

Diploma in H. E., la. State Teachers Coll., 1914: Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Thompson, Pauline C. Instructor of H. E. Smith-Hughes Courses, Holdenville, Okla. ; 

B.S. Okla. Agr. and Mech. Coll., 1916. 
Thurston, Flora M. Extension Instructor in H. E., Sch. of H. E., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, 

N. Y.; B.S. and Diploma in Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Thwing, Dr. Charles F. President, Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, O. 
TiLSON, Agnes. Asst. Prof, of Voc. H. E. Ed., Purdue Univ., W. LaFayette, Ind.; B.A. 

Butler Coll., 1910; Univ. of Chicago; M.S. Purdue Univ., 1914; Columbia Univ. 



1919] 



DIRECTORY 41 



Tingle, Lilian E. Head, Dept. of Hhld. Arts, Univ. of Ore., Eugene; Staff writer for 

"The Gregorian;" Educational Trust School of Dom. Econ., Aberdeen, Scotland; 

British Gov't. Teachers Diploma (First Class) in H. E., Chem. and Physiol., Robert 

Gordons Coll. (Aberdeen), 1895; Univ. of Aberdeen, 1899. State Pres., Council of Exec. 

and Admin. Women in Ed. 
TiTSWORTH, Bertha E. State Leader H. E. Extension Work, N. Hampshire State Coll., 

Durham; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1911; B.S. Cornell Univ., 1915. 
ToAZ, Eleanor D. Dir. of H. E. Dept., Public Schools, Municipal Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.; 

B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1917. 
ToBiN, Helen K, Head of H. E., High School, Waukesha, Wis.; B.A. Univ. of S. D., 1916; 

Univ. of Chicago, Grad. work, 1916-17. 
Todd, A. Elizabeth. Teacher of H. E., Univ. High School, Univ. of Chicago; Ph.B. Univ. 

of Chicago, 1915. 
ToNiGAN, Elizabeth. Supervisor of H. E., Central Continuation School, Manufacturers 

Home Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. 
Tough, Mary. 41 S. Willow St., Montclair, N. J. 
Tower, Pearl. Teacher of H. E., Seattle Grade Schools, Ballard Special School, Seattle, 

Wash.; B.S. and Life Diploma, Univ. of Wash., 1918. _ 
TowLES, Florence Farmer. Teacher of Dom. Sci., Heights High School, Houston, Tex.; 

B.S. Lewis Inst., 1919. 
Townley, Grace. Specialist in H. E., Va., Polytechnic Inst, cooperating with the Dept. 

of Agr., Blacksburg; Diploma, Ind. State Normal Sch., 1907; Diploma, Teachers Coll., 

1916; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1916; Special work, Cornell Univ., Smith Coll., Univ. of 

Wis. Author: Bulletins of the Va. Poly. Inst. 
Traut, Maude. Dom. Art Teacher, Union High School, Grand Rapids, Mich.; State Life 

Diploma, Dom. Art and Sci., Western State Normal Coll. (Kalamazoo, 1909); Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., Summer session, 1916. 
Treat, Nola. Asst. Prof. Inst. Management and Mngr. Dining Hall, Univ. of Minn. 

Univ. Farm, St. Paul; B.S. Teachers Coll. Columbia Univ., 1915. Chairman Inst. 

Sec, Minn. H. E. Assn. Author: Bulletin (with Lenore Richards) — Cafeteria Standards 

and Methods of Attaining Them. 
Treen, Daisy B. Dir. of School Luncheons and N. Eng. Kitchen, Boston; Diploma D.S. 

Pratt Inst., 1908; B.A. Univ. of N. D. 
Treganza, Alice R. Teacher of Dom. Sci., High School, Bloomington, 111.; Diploma 

School of Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1902. 
Trilling, Mabel Barbara. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; Univ. 

of Chicago; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1913. Chairman: Reconstruction Com. H. E., 

Central Assn. of Sci. and Math. Teachers; Textile Section A. H. E. A.; Ed. Research 

Com. A. H. E. A.; H. E. Section, Annual Conf. with Secondary Schools, Univ. of Chicago; 

Author: Supplementary Ed. Mono. "The Reconstruction of Home Economics." 
Trimmier, Mary Letitia. Home Dem. Agt., Chamber of Commerce, Spartanburg, S. C; 

Converse Coll.; Winthrop Coll. Chairman, Thrift Com. in S. C. H. E. Assn. 
Trowbridge, Eleanor Elizabeth. Peace Dale, R. I. 

True, Alfred Charles. Dir., States Relations Service, Dept. of Agr. Washington, D. C. 
Tucker, Marion L. Extension Specialist in House Furnishing and Costume Planning, 

Agr. Extension Dept., la. State Coll., Ames; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1914. 
TuNisoN, Lula. State Agt. in Charge Girls Clubs., Agricultural College, Mississippi; B.A. 

I.I. and C, Columbus (Miss.), 1906. Pres., Miss. H. E. Assn. 
Turner, Louise G. State Supervisor of H. E. Ed., Univ. of Tenn, Knoxville; B.A. Univ. 

of Tenn., 1908; M.A. ibid, 1910; Teachers Coll., 3 Summer sessions. 
Turner, Marcia Eliz.abeth. Asst. Prof, of H. E., la. State Coll. Ames; B.S. in H. E. 

Kans. State Agr. Coll., 1906; M.A. in Hhld. Admin., Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Turner, Mrs. Wm. L. 886 Clinton Springs, Avondale, Cincinnati, O. 
Twiss, Fannie A. Dept. of Ed., Regina, Sask., Can. 

Ullrich, Charlotte M. Dir. Hhld. Arts, Supt. Schools Office, Denton Bldg., Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 
Underwood, Maud. Instructor in Textiles and Clothing, Coll. of Indus. Arts, Denton, Tex.; 

B.S. Coll. of Indus. Arts, 1916; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. 
Usher, Susannah. 9 Kirkland Place, Cambridge Mass.; Pratt Inst.; Teachers Coll.; B.S. 

Mass. Inst. Tech. 



42 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCLA.TION [December 

Vail, Mary Beals. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., Mills College, Cal.; Normal Dom. 
Sci. Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1895; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. Vice- 
Pres., H. E. Assn. of Teachers, San Francisco; Chairman H. E. San Francisco District, 
Gen. Fed. Women's Clubs. Author: Home Laundering, 1918 (revised); War Bread 
Booklets. 

Van Arsdale, May. B. Assoc. Prof, of Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. 
C; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1905. Councilor, N. Y. State Dept. Farms 
and Markets. 

VanDeloo, Almetta M. Special Teacher of H. E., Cedarhurst, Long Island, N. Y.; B.S. 
New York State Coll. for Teachers, Albany, 1918. 

Vanderbergen, Ethel Milliman. Teacher of Sewing, Concord Sch., Rochester N. Y., 
Teachers Certificate, Univ. of Chicago. 1915. 

Vandivert, Bessie Agnes. Teacher Adams School, Seattle, Wash.; Univ. of Chicago. 

VanDuzer, Adelaide Laura. Supervisor of H. E., Public Schools, Rockwell Bldg., Cleve- 
land, Ohio; Diploma, Boston Cooking School, 1892. Sec.-Treas., Ohio H. E. Assn. 

VanHoesen, Gertrude. Asst. Extension Work with Women, States Relations Service, 
Washington, D. C; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1912; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1916. 

Van Horne, Elizabeth G. Head of Dept. Foods and Dietetics, Mechanics Inst., Rochester, 
N. Y.; Teachers Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1911; B.S. ibid. 1919. 

VanLiew, Marion Syddum. Prof, of H. E. State Coll. for Teachers, Albanv N. Y.; Normal 
Hhld. Arts Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1908; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. 
Vice-Pres., Hhld. Arts Section, N. Y. State Teachers Assn. 

VanMeter, AijNA R. Prof, of H. E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.A. Univ. of 111., 
1905; M.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1908. Author: Selection and Preparation of Food, Labo- 
ratory Guide (with Bevier), 1907, Revised Ed. of Laboratory Guide, 1910 and 1915. 

Van Rensselaer, Martha. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Sch. of H. E., Cornell Univ., 
Ithaca, N. Y.; B.A. Cornell Univ., 1909. Author: Manual of Homemaking, 1919; 
Bulletins: Cornell Reading Courses for the Home. 

Van Sickle, Margery Vida. Dir. of Smith-Hughes H. E. Work, Central High School, 
Barberton, O.; B.A. Otterbein Coll., 1915; B.S. Univ. of Cincinnati, 1919. 

Van Steenberg, Ada. Instructor, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson; Univ. of Wis. 

Van Syckle, Calla. Teacher H. E., Lynden, Wash.; Diploma H. E., State Normal, Kala- 
mazoo, Mich.; Normal Diploma, State Normal, Bellingham, Wash., 1918; Life Diploma, 
Oregon Agriculture Coll., 1919. 

Van Tassel, Alice Gunn (Mrs.). Dir. of H. E. Dept., State Sch. of Agr. Warner, Okla.; 
B.S. Mich. Agr. Coll., 1901; Miss Farmers School, Boston, Summer, 1908. 

Van Zile, Mary Pierce (Mrs.). Dean of Women, Kans. State Agr. Coll., Manhattan; 
Professional Diploma, la. State Coll., 1904. 

Vernon, Edna L. Head of Hhld. Sci. Dept., Northern High School, Detroit, Mich.; Di- 
ploma, Toledo Polytechnic School, 1901; Univ. of Chicago, Summer session. 

Vestal, Marie. 311 S. 9th, No. 300, Tacoma, Washington. _ 

ViGERT, ViLMA. Visiting Dietitian, A. R. C. Home Service Section, 353 Fourth Ave., 
N. Y. C; B.S. Cornell Univ., 1919. 

Vivian, Alfred. Dean, Coll. of Agr., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; Ph.G., Univ. of Wis., 
1894. Chairman Agr. Section Assn. Land Grant Colleges; Pres. Am. Assn. for Advance- 
ment of Agr. Teaching. Author: Every day Chemistry (in preparation). 

Wade, Dorothy. 737-16th N., Seattle, Wash. 

Waid, Ettie Louise. Critic Teacher, Smith -Hughes School, Ohio State Univ., (Address, 

Rejmoldsburg, Ohio) ; B.S. in H. E. Ohio State Univ., 1916. 
Waite, Laura A. Teacher and Supt. of H. E., Piedmont Coll., Demorest, Ga. 
Waldbillig, Margaret. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, High School, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.; 

Pd.B., N. Y. S. Normal Coll., 1905. 
Walker, Edna E. Home Dem. Agt., 418 County-City Bldg., Seattle, Wash.; B.A. in H. 

E., State Coll. of Wash., 1911; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 
Walker, Grace G. (Mrs.). Asst. Prof., Ohio State Univ., Columbus; B.S. Ohio State Univ., 

1913. 
Walker, Isabel F. Graduate Student, Univ. of Wis., Madison; B.S. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1910. 
Walker, Luxu V. Head of H. E. Dept., State Normal School for Women, Farmville, Va.;. 

Diploma, Maryland State Normal; Special Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

1912. 



1919] DIRECTORY 43 

Walker, Ruth. Supervisor of H. E., 804 Central Bldg., Seattle, Wash.; B. Dom. Sci., 

la. State Coll., 1906; Teachers Coll. 
Walkup, Grace. Cafeteria Dir., Y. W. C. A., Ft. Wayne, Ind.; Graduate, Bradley Poly- 
technic Inst.; Univ. of Wis., Summer session. 
Waller, Katharine A. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Wyo., Laramie; B.S. Columbia 

Univ., 1917. 
Wallick, Helen. 732 E. 33d St., Indianapolis, Ind. 
Wallin, Alice Rebecca. Head of Hhld. Arts Dept., High School, Highland Park, Mich.; 

Life Certificate, Mich. State Normal Coll., 1901; B.Pd.,ibid., 1907; Diploma in H. E., 

Teachers Coll., 1911; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1911. 
Walls, Edna Elliott. Asst. to the Dean and Assoc. Prof. H. E. Div., la. State Coll., 

Ames; Ph.B. Mt. Union Coll., 1908; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1914. 
Walsh, Letty E. Supervisor of Practice Teaching in H. E., la. State Teachers Coll., Cedar 

Falls; B.A. la. State Teachers Coll., 1915; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919-20. 
Walton, Jessie S. Supervisor of Hhld. Arts, Central High School, Kalamazoo, Mich.; 

Diploma, Mich. Western State Normal, 1911; Diploma, Teachers Coll., Columbia 

Univ., 1912; B.S. ibid., 1915. 
Ward, Anna L. Pres. and General Mngr. of the Waterbury Inst, of Craft and Industry, 

Inc., Waterbury, Conn. 
Ward, Florence E. In Charge, Extension Work with Women, North and West, U. S. 

Dept., of Agr., Washington, D. C; National Kindergarten Coll., Chicago; 2 jts. Abroad 

studying conditions of women and children. Councilor, A. H. E. A. Author: The 

Montessori Method and the American School. 
Ward, Frances Vinton. Asst. in Hhld. Arts, Buffalo State Normal School, N. Y.; B.A. 

Boston Univ., 1904. 
Ward, Janet C. Hillsboro, O. 
Wardall, Ruth A. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., State Univ. of la., Iowa Citv; B.A. 

Univ. of 111., 1903; M.A. ibid., 1907; Yale Univ., 1916-17. Author: A Study of' Foods, 

(with White). 
Wardell, Emma L. Assoc, in H. E., Univ. of 111., Urbana; B.A. Goucher Coll., 1908; M.S. 

Yale Univ., 1917. 
Warner, Esther. Asst. Prof, of H. E., Univ. State Farm, Lincoln, Nebr.; A.B., Nebr. 

State Univ., 1912. 
Warner, Florence A. Director Home Dept., State Chamber of Commerce and Agr. 

League, 308 Fidehty Bldg., Portland, Me.; Teachers College, Columbia Univ.; Chairman 

H. E. for Maine, Savings Div., First Federal Reserve District; Vice-Pres., N. E. Branch 

Woman's Nat. Farm and Garden Assn. Author: Series of 30 bulletins on food, clothing, 

household management (Worcester Co. Farm Bureau), 1916-1918; Series of 4 bulletins 

on Thrift Marketing (State Agr. and Industrial League), 1919. 
Warnick, Effle. H. E. Teacher, Pleasant Grove, Utah; B.S. Agr. College of Utah, 1914. 
Warren, Gertrude L. Asst. Boys and Girls Club Work, in Charge of H. E. Projects, 

Office of Extension Work, N. and W., States Relations Service, U. S. Dept. of Agr., 

Washington; Geneseo State Normal Sch.; N. Y. State Normal Sch. Diploma, 1906; 

Cornell Univ..Summer Sch. Certificate, 1907; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1915. 
Waters, Caroline E. 52 Westminister Ave., Arlington Heights, Mass. 
Webb, Ethel G. Asst. Prof, of Costume Design, Carnegie Inst, of Tech., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

B.S. Teachers College, Columbia Univ., 1915; N. Y. Sch. of Fine and Applied Art, 

Summer Sch. 
Webb, Ora L. Instructor, Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.; A.B. Univ. of Kan., 1919. 
Weioley, Mildred. Prof, and Chief of Div. of H. E., Univ. Farm, St. Paul, Minn.; B.S. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1917; Univ. of Minn. Author: Foods and Sanitation (with Forster), 

1914. 
Weimer, Corabel. 128 N. Locust St., Denton, Tex. 
Weirick, Elizabeth. Textile Chemist, In Charge of Textile Testing Lab., Sears, Roebuck 

& Co., Chicago, 111.; B.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1903. 
Weller, Marion. Assoc. Prof, of Textiles, College of Agr., Univ. of Minn., St. Paul, Minn. 

A.B., Univ. of Chicago, 1897; Graduate work, Univ. of Chicago (1 yr.), Columbia 

Univ. (1 yr.). 
Wellman, Mabel T. Asso. Prof, and Head of H. E. Dept., Indiana Univ., Bloommgton, 

Ind. A.B. Wellesley College, 1895; Univ. of Chicago, Grad. work. Author: Food 

Study, 1917; Economy in Food, 1918. 
Wemple, Florence A. D. S. Instructor and Dietitian, Normal and Collegiate Inst., 

Asheville, N. C; Dom. Sci. Diploma for Normal Course, St. Lawrence Univ., Canton, 

N. Y., 1914; N. Y. State Sch. of Agr. 



44 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Wessling, Hannah L. Asst. in Home Demonstration Work in South, States Relations 
Service, Dept. of Agriculture, Wash., D. C; B.S. and M.S. in Chemistry, Cincinnati 
Univ. 

West, Mrs. Max. Childrens Bureau, Dept. of Labor, Washington, D. C. 

West, Susan F. Director of H. E. Dept., Prof, of H. E., Milwaukee-Downer College, 
Milwaukee, Wis.; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1914. 

Whaley, Lillian. Extension Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Mo. College of Agr., Columbia; 
B.S. Columbia Univ., 1916. 

Wheeler, Ruth. Prof, of H. E., Goucher Coll., Baltimore, Md.; B.A. Vassar Coll., 1899; 
Ph.D. Yale Univ., 1913; Cornell Univ.; Univ. of Chicago. Editorial Board, Journal of 
Home Economics; 1st Vice-Pres., Am. Dietetic Assn. Author: Revision of Farmer's 
Bulletin, No. 142 (in publication); Feeding the Older Children (in publication). 

Whitacre, Jessie. Prof, of Food and Dietetics, Agr. College of Utah, Logan, Utah; B.S., 
Ohio State Univ., 1915. Pres. National Council Phi Upsilon Omicron. 

Whitcomb, Edna C. Instructor in H. E., State Agr. Coll., Univ. of Vt., Burlington; Boston 
Univ.; Simmons Coll.; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ. 

Whitcomb, Emeline S. Prof, of H. E. and Head of Dept., Univ. of Mont., Missoula; 
Univ. of Chicago, 1908-09; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1910; M.A. and M.A. Diploma, ibid., 
1918. Councilor, A. H. E. A. Author: Course in Home Economics for Elementary 
and High Schools, 1918; War Ideas. 

Whitcomb, Frank H. Publisher of Home Economics Books, Huntington Chambers, Boston 
Mass. 

Whitcomb, Harriet. U. S. A. General Hospital No. 31, Carlisle, Pa. 

White, Edna Noble. Dir., Merrill-Palmer School, 301 Palmer Bldg., Detroit, Mich.; 
B.A. Univ. of 111., 1906. Pres., A. H. E. A.; Vice-Pres., Country Life Assn. Author: 
Study of Foods, 1914; Bulletins on foods and fuels, Ohio State Univ., 1910-1918. 

White, Elmina. Home Dem. Agt., Court House, Tacoma, Wash.; B.S. Wash. State Coll., 
1909. 

White, Grace Grosvenor. 319 Tappan St., Brookline, Mass., B.A. Smith Coll., 1889. 

White, Lelia. 2700 Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111. 

White, Marian. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Central High School, Washington, D. C; Certifi- 
cate, Columbia, 1906; Certificate, Cornell, 1912. Author: Fuels of the Household, 1909. 

White, Marie. Asst. State Home Dem. Agt., Winthrop Coll., Rock Hill, S. C; B.S. 
Simmons Coll., 1915. 

Whitman, Elizabeth. Principal and Teacher of H. E., Hilton Consolidated School, Conroy, 
la.; B.S. in H. E. la. State Coll., 1917. 

Whitmore, Ida J. (Mrs. W. G.). Valley, Douglas Co., Neb. 

Whitmore, Nellie P. Dir. of Hhld. Econ., Hillsdale, Mich.; B.S. Simmons Coll., 1919. 

Whitney, Jennie. Womans Exchange and Tea Room, White Cottage, Rockledge, Fla.; 
Instructor in Home Dietetics for A. R. C; Dietitian for Union Settlement Summer 
Home; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1913. 

Whittem, Ellen Huntington. 9 Vincent St., Cambridge, Mass.; B.A. Univ. of 111.. 1903; 
M.A. Columbia Univ., 1909. Author: The Dietary (Pamphlet), 1901 (Out of print). 

Whittjemore, Margaret. Graduate Student, 421 W. 118th St., N. Y. C; B.S. and Diploma 
in Dom. Sci., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1907; M.A. and Diploma in Supervisor 
of H. E., Columbia Univ., (to be rec'd 1920). 

WiDTSOE, Leah D. (Mrs. John A.). Homemaker, 1425 Sigsbee Ave., Salt Lake Citv, Utah; 
Diploma in Normal, Univ. of Utah, 1896; Pratt Inst., 1896-97; B.Pd. Brigham Young 
Univ., 1898. Pres., Citj'- Federation of Womens Clubs, Salt Lake City; Chairman, 
Am. Citizenship Com., Natl. League of Women Voters in Utah. Author: Labor-saving 
Devices for the Farm Home, 1912. 

WiLKERSON, Mabel. Assoc, in H. E. Extension, Univ. of 111., Urbana, 111.; Ph.B. Univ. 
of Ariz., 1909; Simmons Coll., 1 yr. Special work. 

Wilkinson, Eleanor M. Assoc. Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City; Univ. of 
Minn.; Pratt Inst.; B.A. Colorado State Teachers Coll., 1917. 

Will, Dorothy. Head, Dept. H. E., High School, Mangum, Okla.; B.A. in Ed., State 
Teachers Coll. of Colo., 1916. 

Willard, Florence. Chairman, Dept. of Hhld. Sci., Washington Irving High School, 
N. Y. C; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1897; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1919. Vice- 
Pres. and Representative Councilor, H. E. Assn., Greater New York. 

Willard, Meriel W. Chairman Dept. of Hhld. Arts, Washington Irving High School, 
N. Y. C. ; Diploma, Teachers Coll. , Columbia Univ. , 1 892 . 

Willett, Ethel. Instructor in Dom. Sci., Dickinson High School, Jersey City, N. J.; 
Special Diploma, Boston Cooking School, 1909; Teachers Coll. 



1919] DIRECTORY 45 

Williams, Edith Cadwalleder. Instructor in H. E., Ind. Univ., Bloomington, Ind.; 

B.A. Smith Coll., 1897; Lewis Inst, 1910-11; Univ. of Chicago, Summer, 1911; Harvard 

Univ., Summer, 1917. 
Williams, Frances C. 620 Broad St., Meriden, Conn. 
Williams, Grace I. Asst. Prof, of Foods and Cookery, Univ. of Minn., St. Paul; Univ. 

of Minn. 
Williams, Jessamine Chapman (Mrs.). Prof, of H. E., Univ. of Ariz., Tucson; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1906; Grad. work, Yale and Cornell Univ., 1909-10. 
Williamson, Maude. Instructor in Hhld. Physics, Ga. Normal and Indus. Coll., Milledge- 

ville; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1909; Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., (Working for M.S.), 

1919-20. 
Willis, Elizabeth. Practice Teacher, Elementary School of Practice, Phila. Normal 

School, Pa.; Diploma, Normal Dom. Sci., Drexel Inst., 1914. 
Willis, Mina Augusta. Home Dem. Agt., Court House, Billings, Mont.; B.S. in Agr., 

Univ. of Wis., 1913; M.S. ibid., 1914; B.S. in H. E., Univ. of Idaho, 1918. 
WiLLisoN, Florence H. (Mrs.). Specialist in H. E. Extension, Ohio State Univ., Columbus; 

Ph.B. Ohio State Univ., 1895; B.S. in H. E. ibid., 1914. 
WiLLiTs, LouTE KoosER. Head Hhld. Arts Dept., High School, Sacramento, Cal.; B.S. 

Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912. 
WiLLOUGHBY, IsLA. Dir. Dept. of H. E., A. I. C. P., 105 E. 22nd St., N. Y. C; B.A. Win- 

throp CoU., 1907. 
WiLLSEY, Elsle Mae. Supervisor of H. E., Porto Rico Public Sch. System, Dept. of Ed., 

San Tuan, Porto Rico; Ph.B. Univ. of Chicago, 1912. 
Wilson, Eva. Asst. Prof, of H. E., N. Y. State Coll. for Teachers, Albany; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., 1917. 
Wilson, Florence Alden. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Nev., Reno; Diploma, Washington 

State Normal, 1905; B.A. Univ. of Wash., 1909; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1918. 
Wilson, LoxnsE B. Asst. Prof, of Foods and Cookery, Mich. State Normal Coll., Ypsilanti; 

Diploma, Normal Hhld. Sci., Pratt Inst., 1913; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 

1920; Diploma in Teaching, ibid., 1920. Exec. Councilor, Mich. State H. E. A. 
Wilson, Mary A. (Mrs.). 241 S. 23rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. 
Wilson, Maryetta. Asst. Prof, of H. E., State College, N. M.; B.S. in H. E. Colo. Agr. 

Coll.. 1913; Columbia Univ., Grad work. 
Wilson, Maud Mathes. State Home Dem. Leader, State Coll., Pullman, Wash.; B.S. in 

H. E.,Univ. of Neb.,1913. 
Wilson, Ruth Harriet. Instructor in Hhld. Art Dept., la. State Coll., Ames, la.; Ph.B. 

Univ. of Chicago, 1918. 
Wilson, Sarah M. Instructor in Methods and Supervisor of Practice Teaching in H. E., 

State Normal School, Harrisonburg, Va.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1894; B.S. Teachers 

Coll., Columbia Univ., 1909; M.A. ibid., 1919. 
Winchell, Cora M. Asst. Prof., Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y. C; 

B.S. and Diploma, Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Teachers Coll., 1909. Secy. A. H. E. A. 

Author: Teaching Home Economics (with Cooley, Spohr, and Marshall), 1919. 
Winchell, Florence E. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Lincoln School of Teachers Coll., N. Y. 

C; Diploma for El. Sch. Chicago Normal School, 1900; Diploma, Hhld. Arts, ibid., 

1904; B.S. Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1909. 
Winchell, Jessie A. Teacher of Hhld. Arts, Bronxville Public School, N. Y.: Diploma, 

Hhld. Arts Ed., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., 1912; B.S. ibid., 1915. 
WiNGFiELD, Laura M. Asst. State Home Dem. Agt., Raleigh, N. C; B.S. in H. E., Kans. 

State Agr. Coll., 1914; Experimental Cookery, Univ. of Kans. Secy, N. C. H. E. A. 
WiNGO, Edna. Asst. Co. Demonstrator, Spartanburg, S. C. 
WiNSLOW, Mrs. C. E. A. 202 Prospect St.\ New Haven, Conn. 
WiNSLOw, Emma A. Lecturer, Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., and Secy., Com. on H. E., 

N. Y. Charity Organization Society, 105 E. 22d St., N. Y. C; M.A. Teachers Coll., 

Columbia Univ., 1913. Councilor, A. H. E. A. 
WiRTH, LiLLiE Mae. Supervisor of H. E., American Fork, Utah.; Diploma, Stout Inst. 

1915;B.S. Univ. of Utah. 
WoLCOTT, Theresa H. Editor, The Ladies Home Journal, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Wood, Angeline. Head of H. E. Dept., Alfred, N. Y. ; Diploma, Pratt Inst., 1899; Teachers 

Coll., Summer, 1915 and year 1919-20. 
Wood, Bina. Instructor in Costume Design., H. E. Div., la. State Coll., Ames; Ph.B. in 

Ed., Univ. of Chicago, 1918; School of Fine and Applied Arts, N. Y. C., Summer course. 
Wood, Emma E. Teacher of Dom. Sci., 816 Western Ave., Joliet, 111.; Potsdam (N. Y.) 

State Normal; Lewis Inst. 



46 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [December 

Woodcock, Helen Ernestine. Teacher of Dom. Art and Sci., N. Jr. High School, Ogden, 

Utah; B.A. Univ. of 111., 1917. 
Woodruff, Sybil. Instructor in H. E., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago; B.A. Univ. of Kans., 

1916; M.S. Univ. of Chicago, 1919. 
Woods, Kathryn E. Home Dem. Agt, Sullivan Co., Claremont, N. H.; Diploma, N. H. 

State Normal, 1913; Univ. of Wis. 
WooLMAN, Mary Schenck (Mrs.) Specialist in Voc. Ed., Hotel Hemenway, Boston; 

B.S. Columbia Univ. 1897; Chairman of Clothing in War Service Com., Womens City 

Clubs, Boston; Councilor, Natl. Soc. for Voc. Ed. Author: Sewing Course; The Making 

of a Trade School; Textiles; Clothing (to be issued shortly). 
WooLsoN, Sarah A. 43 St. Andrews Place, Yonkers, N. Y. 
WooLWORTH, Frances E. First Asst., Normal H. E. Dept., State School of Agr., St. 

Lawrence Univ., Canton, N. Y.; Diploma, Drexel Inst., 1909; Teachers Coll., Grad. 

work. 
Wright, Eleanor Lee. Dir., Dom. Sci. Dept., Wilson and Co., 41st and Ashland, Chicago, 

111. 
Wright, Emma Parks-Deal. Home Dem. Agt., Sabine Co., Harrisburg, 111.; 111. State 

Normal Univ. 4 Summer terms; Univ. of 111., 1913-16; B.S. Columbia Univ., 1917; 
Univ. of Chicago, Summer, 1917. 
Wright, Ermine. Teacher of H. E., Halletsville, Tex.; Diploma, Sam Houston Normal, 

1918. 
Wright, Ethel A. 203 Strand Bldg., Providence, R. I. 
Wyer, Samuel S. Hartman Bldg., Columbus, O. 
Wyse, Jennie D. Instructor in H. E., Marshall High School, Chicago, 111.; Ph.B. Univ. 

of Chicago, 1919. 

Yerkes, Lola G. PubUc Health Nurse for Extension Div., la. State Univ., Iowa City; 

B.S. in H. E., Ohio State Univ., 1919; R.N. Bellevue Training School, 1908. 
York, Gertrude I. Head of H. E. Dept., Univ. of So. Cal., Los Angeles; B.A. Univ. of 

111., 1911; M.A. Columbia Univ., 1916. 
Young, Helen Binkerd (Mrs.). Asst. Prof, of H. E., School of H. E., Cornell Univ., 

Ithaca; Pratt Inst. High School; Bachelor of Architecture, Cornell Univ., 1900. 
Young, Lulu. Dom. Art in Grades and High School, Madison, S. D.; Diploma, Stout 

Inst., 1913; Diploma, LaCrosse State Normal School, 1916. 
Young, Olive M. Prof, of Foods and Nutrition, James Millikin Univ., Decatur, 111.; B.A. 

Univ. of Neb., 1908; Grad. work, Univ. of Chicago and Columbia Univ. 



The American Home Economics Association 

Organized Dec. 31, 1908. Incokporated May 12, 1909. 

The American Home Economics Association exists for the purpose of bringing together those interested in the bett«noi 
e( conditions in the home, the school, the public institution, and the community. 
Membership Dues: Aju)ual$2.00; Life $50.00. 



President 

EDNA N. WHITE, 

Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit, Mich. 

Vice-Pr£sidents 

ISABEL BEVIER, 

University of Illinois, Urban* 

C. F. LANGWORTHV, 

U. S. Dept. Agr , Washington, D. C. 

MARY E. SWEENY, 
University of Kentucky, Lexington 



Secretary 

CORA M. WINCHELL, 

Teachers College, 

New York City 

Office Secretary 

KETURAH E. BALDWIN, 

1211 Cathedral St., 

Baltimore 



Treasurer 

H. GALE TURPIN, 

Baltimore Trust Company, Baltimor* 

Chairman, Finance Committee 

ISABEL ELY LORD 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Editor of the Journal 

MRS. ALICE P. NORTON. 

1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
The E.^ecutive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, treas- 
urer, the editor of the Journal and the office secretary, ex officio, and five additional members of the Council, chosen by the 
Council, viz.: Mildred Weigley, Alice F. Blood, Ava Milam, Alice Loomis, Mary E. Matthews. 



Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, 

U. S. Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. 
Fannie Twiss, 

Normal School, Regina, 
Saskatchewan, Canada. 



Ems Raitt, 

University of Washington, 
Seattle, Wash. 

Emeline Whitcomb, 

University of Montana. 
Missoula, Mont. 



EiofA WmsLow, 
Teachers College, 
New York City. 
Ada Field, 

George Peabody College, 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Maude Murcbie, 

State Board of Educ, 
Sacramento, Cal . 
Florence Ward, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., 

Washington, D. C. 



AuCE F. Blood, 
Simmons College, 
Boston. 

Anna Richardson, 

Federal Board for Vocational 
Washington. 



COUNCILORS AT LARGE 
TERMS EXPIRE 1920 
AucE Looms, 

University of Nebraska, 
Lincoln, Neb. 

Edna N. White, 

Merrill-Palmer School, 
Detroit, Mich. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1921 
Ruth Wardall, 

University of Iowa, 
Iowa City, Iowa 

Mary E. Matthews, 
Purdue University, 
LaFayette, Ind. 

TERMS EXPIRE 1922 
Jehny H. Snow, 

Sup'v'r Household Arts, 
Chicago, III. 

Grace Denny, 

Univ. of Washington, 
Seattle. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1923 
Alice Ravenhill, 
23 Dallas Ave., 
Victoria, B.C. 
Mary Gearing 

University of Texas, 
Austm. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1924 
Cara Harris, 
Court House, 

Memphis, Tenn. 
AvA Milau, 
Education, Oregon Agricultural College, 

Corvallis. 



Mary E. Sweeny, 

University of Kentucky , 
Lexington, Ky. 



Mrs. Celarles W. Grkenx, 
814 Columbia Ave., 

Columbia, Mo. 



Carlotta Greer, 

E. Tech. High School. 
Cleveland, Ohio. 



E. V. McCoLLUM, 

Johns Hopkins University, 
Baltimore, Md. 



Mildred Weigley, 
Univ. of Minn., 

Univ. Farm, St. Paul. 



SECTIONAL COUNCILORS 
Inititution Economics Section: Mrs. Melvh. Dewey, Lake Placid Club, N. Y.; Elsix Leonard, Univ. of Wis., Madison. 
Science Section: Katharine Blunt, Univ. of Chicago. 

Extension Section: Mamie Bunch, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. 

Textile Section: Mabel Trilumo, Univ. of Chicago. 

REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS 
One representative councilor may be chosen by each affiliated assodation. 

TRUSTEES OF THE ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1. 1921 
Mrs. Mary H. Abel, Euzabeth Condit, Robert H. Richards, Marion Talbot 

Woodlawn,Md. Pratt Institute, 32 Eliot St., University of Chicago 

Brooklyn, N. Y. Jamaica Plain, Mass. Chicago, 111. 



Bbmjauin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New York City, 
(Secretary and Treasurer.) 

Martha Van Rensselaer, 

Cornell University, 

Ithaca, N. Y. 



TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1922 
Katharine Blunt, Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 

University of Chicago Bureau of Education, 

Washington, D. C. 

TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1923 
Mrs. Annie Dewey, Anna Barrows, 

Lake Placid Club, Teachers College, 

Lake Placid. N. Y. New York City. 



Louise Stanley, 

Univ. of Mo., 

Columbia. 



Bertha M. Terrill, 
Univ. of Vermont, 
Burlington, Vt. 






BULLETIN 



OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 6 MARCH, 1920 No. 1 

COLORADO AND THE AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS 

ASSOCIATION 

The Centennial State, Colorado, can best express her welcome to the 
American Home Economics Association through the opportunities for 
recreation, for rest, and for sightseeing, with which she has been so 
richly endowed. Colorado Springs, with her mile high elevation, her 
days of sunshine and nights of cool refreshment, offers exceptional com- 
fort and convenience for Association meetings. 

Pike's Peak, the famous old sentinel of the Rockies, with its cog road 
and its broad auto toll road; the "Garden of the Gods," a district of 
unique rock formation ; these, and numerous other attractions are in the 
immediate vicinity of the convention town. 

Colorado contains within her boundaries two famous national play 
grounds, the Rocky Mountain National Park (Estes Park) and the 
Mesa Verde National Park, 

A half day's ride to the north of the Springs brings the Colorado 
visitor to the Rocky Mountain National Park. Access to this wonderful 
mountain resort, nestling on "the top of the world," is possible only by 
means of automobile highways, the most spectacular of which follows,. 









2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

the Big Thompson River in its winding course through rugged, rock- 
walled canons. Adventure, the thrill of a hundred-mile view at sunrise, 
the breath taking ecstasy of a glance backward to one's starting point 
miles below, or just plain, lazy, old-fashioned fun, fishing or riding 
horseback, are all within reach of the sojourner in Estes Park. It has 
been repeatedly said that the peaks and ranges of the park offer every 
incentive, every thrill, and every satisfaction to the mountain climber 
that may be found in the Alps of Switzerland. One of the most popular 
climbs, requiring hardihood both of body and of nerve, is the ascent of 
Long's Peak, towering 14,271 feet above sea level — higher even than the 
famous Pike's Peak. 

The Mesa Verde National Park is in the southwestern part of the 
state and contains what is considered the most notable and best pre- 
served of the prehistoric cliff-dwellings. These ancient dwellings, cling- 
ing to the walls of overhanging cliffs, for all the world like swallow's 
nests, are constructed of a masonry which has stood, with surprising 
resistance, the assaults of time, of weather, and of unknown battles. 
Finger prints of the toilers of centuries ago are stiU visible in the mortar. 

These are a few of the things to see and "do" in Colorado. Besides 
these there are many, many other attractions such as the Denver Park 
Mountains, so extensive that they require a day by auto to cover. 
Almost every town within the state, especially along the foothills, has 
some scenic attraction to offer, reached invariably by smooth auto roads. 

Nor should it be forgotten that Colorado Springs is on the way west- 
ward to Yellowstone National Park, and to Glacier Park. 

Hotel Reservations. The Antlers Hotel is to be the headquarters 
for the meeting of the American Home Economics Association in Colo- 
rado Springs, June 24-29. Other available hotels are the Acacia and 
the Alta Vista. Reservations should be made immediately by direct 
communication with the hotels. 

The rates are as follows : 

The Antlers — Single room without bath $3.00, 2 persons $5.00; double 
room, 4 persons, $8.00. The same with bath, $5.00, $7.00 and $10.00, 
respectively. 

The Acacia — Single room without bath $2.50, 2 persons $4.00. The 
same with bath, $4.00 and $6.00, respectively. 

The Alta Vista — Single room without bath $1.50, 2 persons $2.50. The 
same with bath, $2.00 and $3.50, respectively. 

Rooms accommodating three persons and rooms with bath between 
are also available. 



^ 1920] PROGRAM OF THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

TENTATIVE PROGRAM 

T" Thirteenth Annual Meeting 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

CoLOR.\Do Springs, Colorado 

June 24-29, 1920 

THURSDAY, JUNE 24 

9.00 a.m. General Session — Institution Economics: 

Edna N. White, President, A. H. E. A., presiding 
Lenna F. Cooper, Battle Creek Sanatarium, Chairman 
The Development of Community Kitchens 

Mrs. Rufus Dawes, Community Kitchen, Evanston, 111. 
Governmental Housing and Feeding of Employes 

Olive Davis, Government Hotels for Women, Washington, D. C. 
11.00 a.m. Discussion 

8.00 p.m. Sectional Meetings : 

Institution Economics, Lenna F. Cooper, Chairman 
Extension Education, Mamie Bunch, Chairman 

FRIDAY, JUNE 25 

9.00 a.m. General Session — Extension: 

Mamie Bunch, University of Illinois, Chairman 
Recent Progress in Home Demonstration Work 

Florence Ward, Oi£ce of Extension Work, North and West 
Ola Powell, OiBce of Extension Work, South 

10.30 a.m. The Function of Specialists in the Organization of Home Demonstration Work: 

Scholastic and Other Requirements 

Relation to the College: to the Field Service in Unorganized Counties 

Follow-up and Reporting of Field Work 
Miriam Haynes, State Leader, Colorado 
Nina B. Crigler, Food SpeciaHst, University of Illinois 
Mary Feminear, State Leader, University of Alabama 

11.30 a.m. Discussion 

8.00 p.m. General Session — Pen and Press Committee: 

Edna N. White, Chairman 
The Publicity Work of the Department of Agriculture in Relation to Home 
Economics 

Harlan Smith, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington 
Training Home Economics Students for Journalism 

]\Iarie Sellers, Pictorial Review, New York City 
Discussion 

Mrs. Nell Beaubien Nichols, Topeka, Kansas 
Home Economics Graduates in Child Welfare W^ork 

Mrs. Ira Couch Wood, Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, Chicago 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Maich 

SATURDAY, JUNE 26 

9.00 a.m. General Session — Standardization of Textile Fabrics: 

Mabel B. Trilling, University of Chicago, Chairman 
Minimum Standards for Textile Fabrics 

Miriam Birdseye, States Relations Service, Washington, D. C. 
Cooperation Between the Textile Laboratory and the Mercantile World 

Grace Denny, University of Washington, Seattle 
A Study of Purchasing Habits 

Ethel Phelps, University of Minnesota 
11.30 a.m. Discussion 

8.00 p.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Textile, Mabel B. Trilling, Chairman 

Science, Nellie E. Goldthwaite, Acting Chairman 

MONDAY, JUNE 28 

9.00 a.m. General Session — Science: 

Nellie E. Goldthwaite, Colorado Agricultural College, Chairman 
The Contribution of European Experience on Low Diets to our Teaching of 
Dietetics 
Mrs. Agnes Fay Morgan, University of California 
Effect on Young of Alternate Periods of Suppression of Growth and Ref ceding : 
Experimental Data on Albino Mouse 

Helen B. Thompson, Kansas Agricultural College 
Home Life in the Orient 
Nellie E. Goldthwaite 

11.30 a.m. Discussion 

2.00 p.m. Sectional Meeting: 

Science, Mrs. Agnes Fay Morgan, Acting Chairman 

8.00 p.m. Business Meeting: 

Edna N. White, presiding 

Reports of Delegates to National and International Meetings 
Reports of Secretary and Treasurer 
Report of the Journal Board 
Reports of Standing Committees 
Reports of Special Committees: 

Committee on survey of home economics courses 
Flora Rose, Chairman 

Committee on opportunities and needs of home economics 
C. F. Langworthy, Chairman 

Committee on data regarding home economics courses 
Ada Field, Chairman 

Committee on requirements in the Smith-Hughes schools 
Edith Thomas, Chairman 



1920] PROGRAM OF THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

Committee on Organization of Regional Scheme 

Mildred Weigley, Chairman 
Committee on Constantinople Fund 

Abby Marlatt, Chairman 

Election of Officers 

TUESDAY, JUNE 29 

9.00 a.m. General Session — Vocational Education in Home Making: 
Edna N. White, presiding 
Mrs. Eva White, College Settlement, New York City, Chairman 

2.00 p.m. Vocational Meeting: 

Reports from Vocational Conference of Women in Industry 

Sectional Meetings 
institution economics section 
Thursday, 8 p.m. 
Standardizing the Work of the Dietitian 

Mrs. Corrset, U. S. Public Health Service 
Discussion 

Marion Peterson, Swedish Hospital, Minneapolis 
Standardizing the Courses of Study in Institutional Economics 

Effie Raitt, University of Washington, Seattle 
Cost Accounting in Cafeteria Work 

Nina McFarland, Y. W. C. A., Cafeteria, Denver, Colorado 

EXTENSION EDUCATION SECTION 

Thursday, 8 p.m. 
Training Extension Workers: what is being done in various colleges; suggested courses 
Mamie Bunch, State Leader, University of Illinois 
Discussion 

Marion Hepworth, State Leader, University of West Virginia 
Bess M. Rowe, State Leader, Montana Agricultural College 
The Value of Exhibits at County and State Fairs 

Frances L. Brown, State Leader, Kansas Agricultural College 
Research Problems: need and facilities for research 

TEXTILE SECTION 

Saturday, 8 p.m. 
The Need of Teaching Design in Home Economics 

Virginia M. Alexander, College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Texas 
Results of Short Cuts in Teaching Clothing: illustrated with lantern slides 

Celestine L. Schmit, University of Wisconsin 
Report of Misbranding Legislation 

Research in Textiles and Clothing: a study of the life of fabrics as affected by fibre, weave, 
and color 

Florence Caton, University of Missouri 
Report of Committee on Research in Textiles and Clothing 

Mabel B. Trilling, University of Chicago 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

SCIENCE SECTION 

Saturday, 8 p.m. 

Conservation of Gas 

Olga Eifritz, Natural Gas Conservation Agent, Bureau of Mines 
Comparative Study of Results Obtained by Fireless and Pressure Cookers 

Cecile Stone, University of Missouri 
Comparative Cost of Electricity and Gas in Meal Preparation 

Martha E. Dresslar, University of Washington, Seattle 

Vinegar Fermentations 

Walter G. Sackett, Colorado State Agricultural College 
Effects of Manipulation and Storage upon the Keeping Quality of Canned Vegetables 

Mildred Weigley, University of Minnesota 

Alice M. Blester, University of Minnesota 
Report of Committees 

Monday, 2 p.m. 

Round Table-Nutrition Problems: 

Mrs. Agnes Fay Morgan, Chairman 
Bacterial Flora in Home Canned Asparagus 

L. D. Bushnell, Kansas Agricultural College 
Digestibility of Raw Starch 

C. F. Langworthy, OflQce of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 

The Preparation of Inulin from French Artichokes 
Anna Williams, University of California 

Round Table — Experimental Cookery: 

Nellie E. Goldthwaite, Chairman 
Economical Management of the Gas Range 

Minna C. Denton, OflSce of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 

Cake Making 

Nita Collier, University of Missouri 
Grainy Fats versus Creamy Fats in Cake and Pastry 

Minna C. Denton, Office of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 



The meeting of the N. E. A., in Salt Lake City, follows— July 4 to 10. 



It was found impossible to make arrangements for special railroad 
rates. Tourist rates will be available from all parts of the country 
after June first. These are not greatly in excess of special convention 
rates and are more advantageous in regard to time and stopover privi- 
leges. 



1920] COUNCIL MEETINGS 7 

COUNCIL MEETINGS 

Chicago, November 11 and 12, 1919 

Two Coxjiicil meetings were held at the time of the annual meeting of 
the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Sta- 
tions. The following members were present at one or both of these 
meetings: Miss White, presiding; Mrs. Calvin, Dr. Langworthy, Mrs. 
Norton, Misses Berry, Bevier, Blunt, Bumpas, Bunch, Cook, Harris, 
Leonard, Lord, Marlatt, Milam, Neale, Partridge, Richardson, Snow, 
Stanley, Trilling, Wardall, Weigley, Winchell. 

The following is a summary of the business conducted at these 
meetings: 

At her request Dr. Blood was reUeved of the chairmanship of the 
Committee on Time and Place of the Annual Meeting. Inga Allison 
was appointed to fill this position. 

Miss Lord, as chairman of the Finance Committee was appointed a 
member of the Council. 

Announcement was made of the members of the Committee on Ex- 
hibits and the Committee on Vocational Homemaking.^ 

At her request Dr. Louise McDanell Browne was relieved of the 
chairmanship of the Legislative Committee. Dr. Louise Stanley was 
appointed to fill the position. 

Miss Sarah MacLeod was appointed to organize and execute the mem- 
bership campaign. 

Miss Mabel Trilling was empowered to appoint a member of her com- 
mittee to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Dean Charters. 
Dr. H. O. Rugg was appointed. 

It was voted that the president appoint a committee^ to develop the 
regional scheme proposed and adopted at the Blue Ridge meeting. 

A letter was read from Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, asking 
for the cooperation of the A. H. E. A. in the effort to equalize the eco- 
nomic situation and eliminate the " Buy Now" slogan of the profiteer. It 
was voted to cooperate and to refer the matter to Miss Wardall, Chair- 
man of the Thrift Committee. 

Miss Berry presented, for Dr. Breckinridge, a proposed plan for or- 
ganizing and training teachers for the Americanization of the foreign- 

' For Committees see pages 14 and 15. 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

born housewife. It was thought that the Carnegie Foundation might 
furnish funds for a program to be carried out by the A. H. E. A. The 
Council approved the plan and asked Dr. Breckinridge to appoint her 
own committee. 

A committee^ was appointed to consider the possibility of a commercial 
exhibit at the Colorado meeting. 

It was voted to continue the present Ellen H. Richards Fund Trustees. 

The Chairman of the Social Welfare Section of the American Dietetics 
Association presented a report calUng for comment and criticism con- 
cerning proposals for "Assistance in Hospital and Public Health Work 
from Social Work in Dietetics and Suggestions Concerning the Training 
of Social Service Dietitians, Directors of Food and Nutrition Clinics, 
and Public Health Dietitians." 

The report of the Treasurer was read, and reports were presented 
by the Chairmen of the following committees: Program, Legislation, 
Thrift, Finance.2 These reports were accepted. 

Cleveland, February 23, 1920 

The Council met in Cleveland on the evening preceding the meeting 
of the A. H. E. A., in connection with the Division of Superintendence, 
N. E. A. The following members were present: Miss White, presiding; 
Mrs. Calvin, Mrs. Norton, Misses Atwater, Blood, Colwell, Erwin, 
Lord, Marlatt, Mulligan, Richardson, Snow, Stanley, Sweeny, Van 
Meter, Wardall, Winchell, Winslow. 

Miss White reported on developments to date concerning the program 
and the exhibit for the next annual meeting. 

The following members were appointed to serve on the Executive 
Committee: Dr. AHce Blood, Alice Loomis, Mary Matthews, Ava Milam, 
Mildred Weigley. 

The Secretary was advised by the Council to indicate, in all letters to 
associations applying for affiliation, that by action of the Council at the 
annual meeting, June, 1919, all affiliated societies are required to pay 
an annual fee of $5.00 to the A. H. E. A., and have in their membership 
ten members of the A. H. E. A. (This in addition to the statement con- 
cerning affiliation in the constitution.) It was decided unwise to pro- 

^ As the fiscal year ends December 31, the reports made at this time by the Finance Com- 
mittee and the Treasurer were only tentative. For complete reports see pages 10 to 13. 



1920] COUNCIL MEETINGS 9 

pose further legislation concerning afl&liation until after the report of 
the Committee which is at work on the Regional Scheme, Mildred Weig- 
ley, Chairman, which will report at the annual meeting in June, 1920. 

The Secretary was asked to obtain information concerning the possi- 
bility of securing special rates to Colorado Springs or tickets to the N, E. 
A. meeting in Salt Lake City, with stopover privileges in Colorado 
Springs. 

Miss Marlatt, chairman of the Program Committee, presented a 
report of progress concerning the proposed plan for the June program. 

Miss White announced that Mrs. Norton had been made a "life mem- 
ber" of the Association by former students. 

Miss Lord, chairman of the Finance Committee, presented the Asso- 
ciation budget allowing an increase in the expenditure for the Bulletin 
and in the salary of the Office Secretary, with the recommendation that 
the Association pay one-fourth instead of one-fifth of this salary. 

The Finance Committee also presented the Journal budget, prepared 
hy the Journal Board; the Treasurer's report; and the Auditor's report. 

All these reports were accepted. 

Miss Marlatt reported upon the proposed plan to establish at Con- 
stantinople College for Women a chair of Home Economics to be sup- 
ported by the Association. A committee^ was appointed to raise money 
for the fund to make the professorship possible. It was agreed that 
three candidates for the position be proposed by the Committee on 
International Home Economics to the Committee on Teachers from 
Constantinople College. 

Miss Rose was asked to continue the work of the Committee^ appointed 
to survey the field for the purpose of making recommendations for modi- 
fication of home economics courses to meet changing conditions of the 
present day. 

It was voted to continue the work of the Committee^ on Compilation 
•of Data regarding courses offered by various institutions teaching home 
economics. 

(Signed) Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

ASSOCIATION BtTDGET FOR 1920 

Receipts 

Balance from 1919 $1,523.34 

Dues 1,400.00 

Sales, etc 20.00 

$2,943.34 

Expenditures 

Rent $48.00 

Salaries 650.00 

Clerical assistance, treasurer 100.00 

Clerical assistance, other 100 . 00 

Postage, stationery, printing, oflSce expense 272 .00 

Telephone, telegraph 10.00 

Advertising 50.00 

Bulletin 350.00 

Annual meeting 100.00 

Travel of officers 200.00 

Committee on Standardization of Textiles 100 . 00 

* Unassigned balance 963 . 34 

$2,943.34 

* To be used chiefly for Bulletin and committee appropriations. $200 underwritten (in 
addition to $100 appropriated) for Committee on the Standardization of Textiles.^ 

JOURNAL BXJDGET FOR 1920 

Receipts 

Subscriptions *$9,800.00 

Numbers 240.00 

Reprints 125 .00 

Advertising 1,800.00 

Books 6.00 

$11,971.00 

Expenditures 

Salaries and clerical $3,500.00 

Travel 150.00 

Printing and distribution 7,500.00 

Rent 192 .00 

Telephone and telegraph 35 . 00 

Postage 190.00 

Printing, stationery, and office expense 300.00 

Advertising 5 . 00 

11,872.00 

Surplus $99.00 

* Based on estimate of 4600 regular subscribers, 1000 students, and $400 discount to 
agents. 

treasurer's report 

I beg to submit herewith balance sheet and the report of Messrs. 
William A. Gillespie & Company, Certified Public Accountants, of the 
operations of the Association and Journal for the year ending December 



1920] 



COUNCIL MEETINGS 



11 



31st, 1919. The Savings Deposit of $595.11 is entitled to an interest 
credit for the year of $24.00, which item was ascertained too late to be 
incorporated in the report. You will notice a very gratifying contrast 
between this and last year's operations. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) H. G. Turpin, 
Treasurer. 



TRIAL BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1919 



Dr. 



J,611.05 



Balance cash in bank 

Baltimore Trust Company Sav- 
ings Department 595 . 1 1 

R. M. F. Trustees 4,070.56 

Association: 

Clerical 

Travel 

Printing and stationery 

Postage 

Bulletin 

Annual meeting 

Office expense 

Advertising 

Membership campaign 

Journal: 

Salaries 1,200.00 

Travel 75.84 

Printing and stationery 100 . 1 1 

Office expense 57 .91 

Distribution 6,277.87 

Exchange 1 .84 

Club agents .25 

Discount to news dealers 373 . 67 

Joint: 

Salaries 1,500.00 

Clerical assistants 1,174.25 



34.10 

142.52 

56.59 

50.44 

114.44 

121.43 

37.45 

45.50 

96.85 



Rent 

Postage 

Telephone and telegraph . 

Supplies 

Office expense 

Printing and stationery. . 

Advertising 

Equipment 

Petty cash Miss Winchell . . 
Petty cash Miss Baldwin . . 



210.00 

235.71 

42.95 

12.82 

70.88 

88.35 

4.00 

195.07 

22.17 

5.90 



Cr. 

Surplus $793.61 

R.M.F 4,305.87 

R. M. F. publications 384. 10 

Institution Section 82 . 79 

Life membership 190.00 

Association dues 2,890. 87 

Legislative Fund 177 .00 

Books 6.58 

Excess payments 1 . 07 

Journal subscriptions 9,639.24 

Journal numbers 239 .41 

Journal reprints 122 .65 

Journal advertising 1,789 .92 

Refunds 1 .36 

Journal postage 1.16 



),625.63 



$20,625.63 



12 bulletin american home economics association [march 

Auditor's Report 

February 17, 1920. 
The American Home Economics Association, 

Baltimore, Md. 
Gentlemen: — 

In conformity with your instructions, we report we have made an audit of the books and 
accounts of your Association for the year ended December 31, 1919, and have found same to 
be correct. 

We submit attached hereto 

Balance sheet showing the Assets and Liabilities of your Association as of December 21, 
1919, and 

Statement of operations of the Journal of Home Economics and American Home Economics 
Association, both for the period ended as above. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) William A. Gillespie & Co. 

BALANCE SHEET AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1919 

Assets 
Available: 

Cash in bank $3,611 .05 

Petty cash: 

Miss Winchell 22 . 17 

Miss Baldwin 5 .90 

$3,639.12 

Funds: 

Richards Memorial Fund— Trustees 4,070.56 

Savings deposits: 

The Baltimore Trust Company 595. 11 

Equipment 195 . 07 

Total assets $8,499.86 

Liabilities 
Funds: 

Richards Memorial Fund $4,305 . 87 

Richards Memorial Publication 384. 10 

Institution Section Fund 82 . 79 

Life Membership Fund 190.00 

Legislative Fund 177 . 00 

Total Liabilities $5,139.76 

$3,360.10 

Surplus, December 31, 1918 793 .61 

Add profit for year: 

Journal $1,043.15 

Association 1,523.34 $2,566.49 $3,360.10 



COUNCIL MEETINGS 13 

JOURNAL 

Statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 1919 

Earnings 

Subscriptions ($9,639.24 - $373.67*) $9,265.57 

Numbers 239 .41 

Reprints 122 .65 

Advertising 1,789.92 

Books 6.58 

Excess, postage, and refunds 3 . 59 

$11,427.72 

Expenses 

Salaries and clerical $3,339 . 40 

Traveling 75 .84 

Journal printing and distribution 6,277.87 

Rent 168 .00 

Club agents .20 

Telephone and telegraph 34 . 36 

Postage 188.57 

Exchange 1.47 

Printing, stationery, and ofEce expense 295 . 66 

Advertising 3.20 10,384.57 

Profit for year $1,043 . 15 

* Discount to agents. 

ASSOCIATION 

Statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 1919 

Earnings 
Dues $2,890.87 

Expenses 

Salaries and clerical (office and treasurer) $534 .85 

Clerical (secretary) 34 . 10 

Travel 142 .52 

Meetings 121 .43 

Bulletin 114.44 

Rent 42 . 00 

Telephone and telegraph 8 . 59 

Postage 97 .58 

Exchange .42 

Printing, stationery, and office expense 128 . 45 

Advertising 46.30 

Membership campaign 96.85 1,367.53 



Net profit for year $1,523.34 



14 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 



SECTIONS AND COMMITTEES OF THE A. H. E. A. 



SECTIONS 



Instihdion Economics 

Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Honorary Chairman 
Elsie Leonard, Chairman 
Lenna Cooper, Secretary 

Science 

Katharine Blunt, Chairman 
Mabel Olson, Secretary 



Extension Education 



Mamie Bunch, Chairman 

Mrs. Jane McKimmon, Secretary 

Textile 

Mabel Trilling, Chairman 
Florence E. Winchell, Secretary 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



Journal Board 
Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor 
Keturah E. Baldwin, Business Editor 
Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel, 5 years 
C. F. Langworthy, 4 years 
Amy Daniels, 3 years 
Ruth Wheeler, 2 years 
Ethelwyn Miller, 1 year 

Legislation 
Louise Stanley, Chairman 
Sophonisba P. Breckinridge 
Mrs. Louise McDanell Browne 
Mrs. Raymond Morgan 
Mrs. Evelyn Smith Tobey 

State Supervision 
Edith M. Thomas, Chairman 
Adelaide Baylor 
Agnes Ellen Harris 

International Committee on Teaching Home 

Economics 
B. R. Andrews, Chairman 
Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 
Anna E. Richardson 
Catharine J. MacKay 
Helen Thompson 
Fannie Twiss 

Edticational Research 
Mabel Trilling, Chairman 
H. O. Rugg 
Ethelwyn Miller 

Research Information 
Minna Denton, Chairman 
Chairmen of Sections 



Vocational Education 



Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 
Helen Hildreth 
Anna M. Cooley 
Maude Murchie 
Mrs. Iris O'Leary 
Grace Schermerhorn 

Pen and Press 

Helen Atwater, Chairman 
Helen Louise Johnson 
Mabel T. Welhnan 
Mary Sweeny 
Ava B. Milam 
Annie L. Laird 

Exhibits 

Caroline Hunt, Chairman 

M. Helen Higgins 

Annie Thompson 

Jessie Hoover 

Mrs. Elizabeth MacDonald 

Lillian Tingle 

Mrs. Charles Greene 

Finance 

Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 
H. Gale Turpin 
Mrs. Ellen P. Dabney 
Mrs. Martha H. French 
Emma H. Gunther 
Susie V. Powell 

Thrift 

Ruth Wardall, Chairman 
Helen Hollister 
Lois Erwin 



1920] 



SECTIONS AND COMMITTEES 



15 



Social Work 

Emma Winslow, Chairman 
Lucy Gillett 
Sarah J. McLeod 

Revision of Constitution 

Isabel Ely Lord, Chairman 
Mary Gearing 
Mabel Wellman 
Amia M. Cooley 



Program 

Abby Marlatt, Chairman 
Chairmen of Sections 



Regional Scheme 

JVIildred Weigley, Chairman 
Ava B. Milam 
Agnes Ellen Harris 
Mary Parker 
Isabel Ely Lord 

Commercial Exhibit 

Elsie Leonard, Chairman 
Mabel TrilHng 
Mrs. Alice P. Norton 
Mamie Bunch 
Jenny Snow 

Constantinople Fund 

Abby Marlatt, Chairman 
Isabel Ely Lord 
Agnes Ellen Harris 
Isabel Bevier 
Alice M. Loomis 
Ava B. Milam 



On Time attd Place of Meeting 

Inga Allison, Chairmati 

Mrs. Elizabeth Vermilye Robinson 

Edna N. White 

Katharine Blunt 

Bess Heflin 

SPECIAL COMMITTEES 

Survey of Home Economics Courses 

Flora Rose, Chairman 
Ethelwyn Miller 
Mary Swartz Rose 
Anna Richardson 
Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 

Opportunities in Home Economics 

C. F. Langworthy, Chairman 
Helen Atwater 
Ruth Wardall 
Antoinette Roof 
Ruth Wheeler 
Louise Stanley 
Sophonisba Breckinridge 
Dorothy Reed INIendenhall 

Reconsideration of Smith-Hughes Requirement 

Edith Thomas, Chairman 

Alfred Vivian 

Alice Loomis 

Jean Cox 

Cora M. Wmchell 

Data Regarding Home Economics Courses 

Ada Field, Chairman 
Katharine Blunt 
Bertha Terrill 



16 bulletin american home economics association [march 

Proposed Changes in the Constitution 

ARTICLE — 
Regional Organization 

Section I. The Association shall be organized by regions comprising 
groups of states. 

The states shall be divided up into the following regions : 1 Eastern ; 
2 Southern; 3 Central; 4 West Central; 5 Pacific; 6 Canada: 

The grouping of states within these regions and any changes in these 
groupings shall be determined by the Council. 

Section II. Each region shall have an officer known as a ''regional 
councilor." 

The duties of the regional councilors shall be to develop, when pos- 
sible, state organizations within the above regions; to arrange, when 
advisable, for regional meetings, and to assume responsibility for build- 
ing up and futhering the work of the American Home Economics 
Association in the aforesaid regions. 

By-Laws 
article iii, section 2 

Original. — (l) Affiliated Societies. — State or other local Home Eco- 
nomics organizations affiliating with the American Home Economics 
Association shall include in their constitution the following statements: 
"The object of this organization is the same as that of the American 
Home Economics Association, as stated in its constitution, Article II. 
In addition this association wishes to devote itself more specifically 
to the problems of Home Economics as they develop in its local field." 
Each such association is entitled to a representative on the Council, 
chosen by the association from members of the American Home 
Economics Association. 

Proposed change. — Insert before the last sentance: ''Such affiliated 
societies must have within their own membership at least ten mem- 
bers of the American Home Economics Association, and must pay an 
annual fee of five dollars into the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation. 



BULLETIN 



OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post OflBce at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 6 JUNE, 1920 No. 2 

ANNUAL MEETING 

Colorado Springs, June 24 to 29 

We are fortunate this year in holding our annual meeting with the 
western group in one of the most delightful vacation places in the coun- 
try and it is to be hoped that the members of the Association will plan 
to attend the meeting and spend their vacation in Colorado. 

Education in general has been facing many new problems since the 
war, and if home economics is to hold the place that it should in the 
educational field we must avail ourselves of every opportunity for con- 
ference. It will take the united efforts of all home economics workers 
to carry us "over the top." 

Plan to meet in Colorado June 24 to 29 so that we may have the larg- 
est group we have ever had, 

Edna N. V^te, 

sideni. • 



17 




18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [June 

REVISED PROGRAM 

Thirteenth Annual Meeting 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

Colorado Springs, Colorado 
June 24-29, 1920 
Council Meeting, Wednesday, June 2,3, at 8.00 p.m. 

THURSDAY, JUNE 24 

2.00 p.m. General Session: 

Inga M. K. Allison, Colorado Agricultural College, presiding 
Welcome to Colorado 

Charles Lory, President, Colorado Agricultural College 
Response 

Edna N. White, President, A. H. E. A. 
3.00 p.m. The Development of Community Kitchens 

Mrs. Rufus Dawes, Community Kitchen, Evanston, Illinois 
Governmental Housing and Feeding of Employees 

Olive Davis, Government Hotels for Women, Washington, D. C. 
Discussion 
8.00 p.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Institution Economics 
Extension Education 

FRIDAY, JUNE 25 

9.00 a.m. General Session: 

Edna N. White, presiding 
Problems of Home Economics in the South 

Harriet A. Boyer, President Southern Home Economics Association 
Recent Progress in Home Demonstration Work 

P Florence Ward, OiOice of Extension Work, North and West 
^^^ Ola Powell, Office of Extension Work, South 
The^Function of Specialists in the organization of Home Demonstration Work: 
Scholastic and other Requirements 
Relation to the College: to the Field 
Service in Unorganized Counties 
Follow-up and Reporting of Field Work 
Miriam Haynes, State Leader, Colorado 
Nina B. Crigler, Food Specialist, University of Illinois 
Mary Feminear, State Leader, University of Alabama 
Discussion 
2.00 p.m. Round Tables: 
Red Cross 
Public School Teachers 



1920] PROGRAM OF THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 19 

8.00 p.m. General Session: 

Abby Marlatt, University of Wisconsin, presiding 
Home Economics Graduates in Child Welfare Work 

Mrs. Ira Couch Wood, Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, Chicago 
Training Home Economics Students for Journalism 

Marie Sellers, Pictorial Review, New York City 
The Publicity Work of the Department of Agriculture in Relation to Home 
Economics 
Harlan Smith, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 

SATURDAY, JITNE 26 

9.00 a.m. General Session: 

Edna N. White, presiding 
The Work in Nutrition of the National Research Council 

C. F. Langworthy, Office of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 
Discussion 

Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois 
Report of Constantinople Fund 

Abby Marlatt, University of Wisconsin 
10.00 a.m. Minimum Standards for Textile Fabrics 

Miriam Birdseye, States Relations Service 
Cooperation Between the Textile Laboratory and the Mercantile World 

Grace Denny, University of Washington 
A Study of Purchasing Habits 

Ethel Phelps, University of Minnesota 
Discussion 
8.00 p.m. Sectional Meetings: 

Textile 

Science 

MONDAY, JUNE 28 

9.00 a.m. General Session : 

Isabel Bevier, University of Illinois, presiding 
The Contribution of European Experience on Low Diets to our Teaching of 
Dietetics 
Mrs. Agnes Fay Morgan, University of California 
Effect on Young of Alternate Periods of Suppression of Growth and Refeeding: 
Experimental Data on Albino Mouse 
Helen B. Thompson, Kansas State Agricultural College 
Discussion 
2.00 p.m. Sectional Meeting: 

Science 
8.00 p.m. Business Meeting: 

Edna N. White presiding 
Reports of Delegates to National and International Meetings 
Reports of Secretary and Treasurer 
Report of Journal Board 
Reports of Standing Committees 
Reports of Special Committees: 

Committee on Modification of Home Economics Courses 
Flora Rose, Chairman 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [june 

Committee on Opportunities and Needs of Home Economics 

C. F. Langworthy, Chairman 
Committee on Data Regarding Home Economics Courses 

Ada Field, Chairman 
Committee on Requirements in Smith-Hughes Schools 

Edith Thomas, Chairman 
Committee on Organization of Regional Scheme 

Mildred Weigley, Chairman 
Election of Officers 

TUESDAY, JUNE 29 

9.00 a.m. General Session: 

Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean of Simmons College, presiding 
The Nation and Education 

Hugh Magill, National Education Association 
Education of Girls and Women for Industrial Occupations 

Cleo Murtland, University of Michigan 
Wage Earning Girls: Minimum Essentials of Homemaking and Standards of 
Employment 

Anna Lalor Burdick, Federal Board for Vocational Education 

Helen Livingstone, Cass Technical High School, Detroit 
Demonstration Agents in Commercial Work 

Mrs. Claudia Murphy, Consultant in Home Economics, New York City 
Part-time Education in Vocational Schools 

Adelaide Baylor, Federal Board for Vocational Education 
2.00 p.m. Round Tables: 

Education in Homemaking 

Exhibits 

SECTIONAL MEETINGS 

INSTITUTION ECONOMICS SECTION 

Thursday, 8 p.m. 
Lenna F. Cooper, Battle Creek Sanitarium, Chairman 

The Work of the Dietitian in the United States Public Health Service 

Mrs. Hallie B. Corsette, Supervising Dietitian, U. S. Public Health Service 
Discussion 

Representative from the Minnesota Dietetic Association 
Some Feeding Problems with Lumbermen of the Northwest 

Efl&e Raitt, University of Washington 
Cost Accounting in Cafeteria Work 

Margaret Proctor, National Board, Y. W. C. A. 
A Wider Vision in Hotel Service 

Mrs. Henry Champion Brown, Lewis Hotel Training School 

EXTENSION EDUCATION SECTION 

Thursday, 8 p.m. 

Mamie Bunch, University of Illinois, Chairman 

Training Extension Workers: what is being done in various colleges; suggested courses 
Mamie Bunch, State Leader for Illinois 






BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 7 MARCH, 1921 No. 1 

A CALL TO SERVICE 

The great hour of opportunity for the American Home Economics 
Association is at hand, an hour made possible by the contributions of 
the home economics worker to the world during the war. The call for 
even greater service is now being made to every home economics worker 
in America. 

The world is focusing on the health of the human race from childhood 
to old age. Every association dedicated to bettering human life is 
calling for more information regarding human nutrition, maintenance 
of efhciency, and the direct teaching of those basic principles which enter 
into everyday Hving. In all these, home economics workers are the 
leaders who must point the way. The need was never more compelHng, 
the call was never more imperative; they must either forge ahead and 
assume leadership or surrender it to others. 

The International Congress of Home Economics Instruction to be 
held in Paris in July, 1922, is looking to the American Home Economics 
Association for assistance. It is our opportunity to help direct the trend 
of home economics education and practice over all the world. Aiist^*|(J^^ 
is asking home economics educators to come to her and advisj^^gard-. A 
ing the systematic introduction of home economics into her lifevers^W W 

p '^ v^ i 

XS, 'i^- ■^* 






inm&0 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

and secondary schools. Our own Mrs. Norton is organizing the work 
for the Constantinople College for Girls. 

The hour for leadership, for service, for constructive development, was 
never so full of promise for the Association. 

The Atlantic City meeting proved beyond question the intense inter- 
est of school authorities and the public in home economics and its con- 
structive program. In developing the policies and the program of work 
for next year, the Association needs every one of the ten thousand home 
economics trained women in the United States. Will any one of you 
fail to answer this challenge to service, to contribute your part to the 
annual meeting at Swampscott, Massachusetts, June 27 to 30? The 
Association needs all your experience, your help, your point of view. 
The whole world needs all that America can give along home economics 
lines. This is a call to service, to leadership for every woman in the 
United States who has dedicated her life to bettering humanity through 
direct, scientific, systematic training in home economics. 

Mary E. Sweeny, 

President. 



The Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the American Home 
Economics Association will be held at the New Ocean House, 
Swampscott, Mass., June 27 to 30. Further aimotmcement will 
appear in the June Bulletin. 



1921] THE MID-WINTER MEETING 3 

THE MID-WINTER MEETING 

February 28 and March 1, 1921 

The members of the Association fortunate enough to attend the meet- 
ing, held in Atlantic City, will remember it as one of the significant 
gatherings in the history of the Association, The attendance was 
larger than usual at the mid-winter meetings, running well over 300 at 
some sessions and including interested visitors from other organizations. 
The program committee is to be congratulated on the success with 
which the main topic of each session was developed by the individual 
speakers, and on the general sense of unity and vigor which pervaded 
all the meetings. 

The opening speech of the president, Mary Sweeny, struck the key- 
note in emphasizing the changed trend of home economics since 1917. 
Then it seemed in a measure "the step-child of agriculture and the sec- 
ond wife of industrial training," but now it is coming to be generally 
recognized as the science and art of rational living. 

The papers presented showed that home economics still bases its 
teaching firmly on the facts of chemistry and physiology, economics and 
sociology, but they showed further that it is not merely using the facts 
to teach school children how to cook and sew, but is bringing them 
directly to the woman in the home and the girl at work in such a way 
that everyday living in the home is in better accord with health, beauty, 
and enjoyment. Moreover, home economics is helping bring down the 
cost of living by showing people how to get the best returns for the 
money they spend on the merchandise used in daily life. It is aiding 
in the health movement by providing school lunches and clinics for 
undernourished children, by teaching personal and household hygiene, 
and by tying up its work with that of the physical training agencies. 
In doing this it is going to psychology for help in methods of approach 
to children and adults, and to applied art in adapting materials and 
designs to clothing and house furnishings. It is getting into touch with 
manufacturers and retailers in the hope of improving standards of 
taste. In short, as was brought out by the discussion at these meetings, 
home economics is showing itself what its friends have always felt it to 
be, the science of human welfare. 

The Pen and Press Committee. 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

COUNCIL MEETINGS 

February 28 and March 1, 1921 

Members present. Mary Sweeny, presiding; Lenna F. Cooper, Edna 
White, Ada Field, Alice Blood, Anna Richardson, Florence Ward, 
Minna Denton, Ola Powell, C. F. Langworthy, Mrs. Charles Greene, 
Keturah Baldwin. 

The minutes of the last meeting were not read, as they had already 
been printed. 

Treasurer's Report. Report read by Miss Sweeny. 

To the American Home Economics Association: 

I beg to hand you herewith the following: Trial Balance as of December 
31, 1920. Statement of operations for the year. Statement of assets and 
habilities, after closing the books. Letter from Mr. E. D. Rowles who has 
audited the accounts for the year. 

You will note that the surplus account was drawn upon in the amount of 
$1,211.93, the Association using $1,003.30 and the Journal $208.63, leaving 
the surplus at the close of 1920 at $2,148.17. The proportion of this surplus 
earned by the Association is $975.49 and the Journal $1,172.68. 

The net amount of cash due the Richards Memorial Fund is $712.83. 
The item of $226.63, due from Williams & Wilkins Company was for adver- 
tising due in 1920 for which credit was taken but check was not received 
until January, 1921. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) H. Gale Turpin, 

Treasurer. 

TRIAL BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1920 

Assets 
Association : 

Salaries — clerical $1 16 . 13 

Tr9.veling expense 257 . 50 

Printing and stationery 77 .54 

Postage 46 . 62 

Telephone and telegraph 6 . 64 

Bulletin 713.64 

Annual meeting 1 14 . 64 

Office expense 56 . 73 

Advertising 42 . 00 

Committees 41 .95 

International Office 25 .00 

Textile committee 300.00 

$1,798.39 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 

Journal : 

Salaries— officers $1,200.00 

Traveling expense 151 . 23 

Printing and stationery 119.25 

Office expense 26.96 

Postage 70 . 31 

Discount to dealers 398 . 54 

Distribution 8,835.80 

Exchange 1 . 18 

Excess payments 1 .45 



$10,804.72 



Joint: 

Salaries— officers $1 ,800.00 

Salaries — clerical 1,318.25 

Rent 240.00 

Postage 273.59 

Telephone and telegraph 41 . 68 

Office expense 121 .84 

Printing and stationery 48 . 91 

Advertising 5 . 00 

3,849.27 

WilUams & Wilkins Co 226.63 

Equipment 254 . 32 

Richards Memorial Fund 4,070.56 

Cash in bank $2,392.07 

Cash in bank, savings account 644 . 01 

Petty cash — Miss Cooper 25 . 00 

Petty cash — Miss Baldwin 6 . 10 



3,067.18 
$24,071.07 



Liabilities 
Association: 

Dues $1 ,604 . 00 

Publications 2 . 25 

Tnterest 48.90 

Journal: 

Subscriptions $10,809.69 

Advertising 2,423.84 

Reprints 94.28 

Numbers 251 .56 

Club agents 4.35 

Books 1 .58 

Life membership $285 .00 

Institution Section 109 .84 

Legislative Fund 292 .29 



$1,655.15 



13,585.30 



687.13 



Richards Memorial Fund. $4,305 .87 

Richards Memorial Fund miscellaneous 477 . 52 

4,783.39 

Surplus 3,360.10 

$24,071.07 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1920 

Association 
Receipts: 

Dues $1,604.00 

Publications 2.25 

Interest 48.90 

$1,655.15 

Disbursements: 

Salaries $829.78 

Traveling expense 257 . 50 

Printing and stationery 87 . 52 

Postage 101 .34 

Telephone and telegraph 14 . 98 

BuUetin 713 .64 

Annual meeting 114.64 

Ofl&ce expense 81 . 10 

Advertising 43 . 00 

Rent 48 . 00 

International oflSce 25 . 00 

Textile Committee 300.00 

Committees 41 . 95 

2,658.45 

Deficit $1,003.30 

Journal 
Receipts: 

Subscriptions ($10,809.69 - $398.54*) $10,411.15 

Advertising 2,423.84 

Reprints 94.28 

Numbers 251 .56 

Club agents 4 . 35 

Books 1 .58 

$13,186.76 

Disbursements: 

Salaries $3,604.60 

Traveling expense 151 .23 

Printing and stationery 158 . 18 

Office expense 124 .43 

Postage 289.18 

Exchange and excess payments 2 . 63 

Advertising 4.00 

Rent 192 . 00 

Telephone and telegraph 33 . 34 

Distribution 8,835.80 

13,395.39 

Deficit 208 . 63 



Total deficit $1,211 .93 

* Discounts to agents. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 7 

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES STATEMENT 

Assets 

Cash in bank $2,392.07 

Cash in bank savings account 644.01 

Petty cash — Miss Cooper 25 .00 

Petty cash — Miss Baldwin 6. 10 

$3,067.18 

Williams & Wilkins Co 226.63 

Equipment 254 . 32 

Richards Memorial Fund 4,070.56 



$7,618.69 
Liabilities 

Life membership $285 . 00 

Institution Section 109 .84 

Legislative Fund 292 . 29 

Richards Memorial Fund $4,305.87 

Richards Memorial Fund miscellaneous 477 . 52 



4,783.39 

Surplus 2,148.17 



$7,618.69 

February 25, 1921. 
To the American Home Economics Association: 

In conformity with instructions of your Treasurer, Mr. H. G. Turpin, I repmrt that I 
have examined the books and accounts of your Association for the year ended December 
31, 1920, as presented, and have found same to be correct. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) Edward D. Rowles, 
Accountant. 

The report was accepted, and a fee of $20.00 voted for the auditor. 

REPORTS OF STANDING COMMITTEES 

Journal Board. Due to the absence of the editor no formal report 
was made, but Dr. Langworthy, acting for the Journal Board, recom- 
mended the appointment of Mrs. Mary De Garmo Bryan as editor. 
The Council approved the appointment. 

International Committee. Report read by Miss Sweeny. 

This Committee has for its purpose the consideration of problems regarding 
home economics in other countries. It answers inquiries sent in by corre- 
spondents abroad and represents the American movement in relation to sim- 
ilar movements abroad. Considerable correspondence on such matters has 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

been carried on by the Committee. The Committee during the past year 
made plans for raising a fund for a Professorship of Home Economics at 
Constantinople College, recommending that a special Constantinople Commit- 
tee be appointed by the Association to promote the plan. The Council at 
Cleveland authorized such a committee and appointed Miss Marlatt chair- 
man. The work of that committee is a brilliant tribute to the professional 
spirit of home economics teachers. They have raised a fund of over $6000^ for 
a three-year program, and secured the appointment of Mrs. AUce P. Norton as 
first incimibent of the professorship. The development of the Constanti- 
nople department should be followed up closely and the Council should pro- 
vide for this by suitable committee arrangements, as by making the Con- 
stantinople Fund Committee a standing committee with special charge of 
this matter. 

The International Committee has been asked to send a deputation of 
American professors of home economics to Austraha to organize work in the 
University of Sidney, and make other plans for promoting home economics 
in Australia. It is thought that one or two professors may be available on 
leave of absence for this service so that no personal compensation would be 
required. The invitation comes in the name of the National Council of 
Women in Australia and will be supplemented by a cable message regarding 
arrangements at the University of Sidney, which is expected before the 
end of March. As all expenses in Australia wiU be borne by organizations 
there, it is beheved that $1500 to $2000 will be sufl&cient to send two visiting 
lecturers. It is thought that the International Institute of Education may 
contribute, provided the American Home Economics Association will raise a 
fund for that purpose. The International Committee asks that it be author- 
ized to raise a fund of $1000 to $2000, as may be necessary, for a deputation of 
one or more American professors of home economics to visit Australia and aid 
organizations and institutions there to organize home economics work in its 
various aspects of coUegiate, normal, and technical institutions and elemen- 
tary and secondary schools, and extension teaching. 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 

Chairman. 

Voted that the report be accepted and the committee be asked to 
make plans for the Australian work and submit a report to the Council 
in June. Attention was called to the possibiUty of securing money 
from various established funds. 

Finance Committee. Report read by Miss Sweeny. 

^ For details in regard to the fund see page 19. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 

SUGGESTED BUDGETS 1921 

Association 
Receipts: 

Dues $2,500.00 

Sales 5 . 00 

Expenditures: 

Salaries and clerical $990.00 

Travel 200.00 

Meetings 125 .00 

Bulletin 600.00 

Rent 48.00 

Telegraph and telephone 20 . 00 

Postage 100.00 

Printing, stationery, and office expense 200.00 

Advertising 50.00 

Committees 100.00 

Surplus 72.00 

Journal 
Receipts: 

Subscriptions* $13,550.00 

Numbers 250.00 

Reprints 100.00 

Advertising 3,000.00 

Books 5.00 

Expenditures: 

Salaries and clerical $4,000.00 

Travel 150.00 

Printing and distribution 11 ,000.00 

Rent 192 .00 

Telephone and telegraph 50 . 00 

Postage 400.00 

Printing, stationery and office expense 300 . 00 

Advertising 30.00 

Surplus 783 .00 



$2,505.00 



$2,505.00 



$16,905.00; 



$16,905.00 

* Based on estimate of 5000 regular subscribers, 1200 students, and $450 discount to 
agents. 

The report of the operations of the Journal for 1920 shows a deficit of 
$208.63. This deficit will be more than covered by the profit of 1919. 

The increase in the subscription rate for 1921 assures a profit for 1921. 

The report of the Association for 1920 shows a deficit of $1003.30, This 
deficit, fortunately, can be met out of the surplus from 1919. This deficit 
seems to be due to three things: (1) more dues were paid in advance in 1919 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

than in 1920; (2) two bulletins for 1919 were paid for in 1920; (3) $200 
underwritten for the Textile Committee has not been paid back. 

The present membership of the Association is 1450, but it seems unwise to 
count on receiving in 1921 more than $2500 in membership fees. 

With the income and the necessary expenditures for the Association for 
1921 it seems impossible to provide in the budget for the desirable surplus of 
$500 which Miss Lord suggested in her report of June 1920. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Sarah J. Macleod. 

After discussion of possible ways of increasing the budget, the report 
was accepted. 

Social Work Committee. Miss Gillett, chairman, reported that one 
meeting had been held, and called attention to the large scope of the 
field and the fact that it could not all be reached through the school. 
She also spoke of the need of getting together the results of work already 
done. 

Committee on Time and Place. Miss Sweeny announced that this 
committee would be able to arrange for the annual meeting at the New 
Ocean House, Swampscott, Mass., June 27 to 30. This was approved 
by the Council. 

Invitations for the annual meeting in 1922 were received from Chicago 
University, University of Iowa, Iowa State College, and the University 
of California, but, as it had already been decided to meet in Corvallis, 
these invitations could not be accepted. 

Program Committee. Dr. Blood, chairman, asked for suggestions and 
instructions for the program. 

The suggestions offered were that a half of each day be left open, that 
the first meeting be in the afternoon, that section meetings be reduced 
to a minimum, and that an effort be made toward unity in the program. 

Pen and Press Committee. Miss Atwater, chairman, stated that the 
committee had worked with the understanding that its duties were 
twofold: (1) to prepare press reports and other publicity material; (2) 
to secure the pubUcation of better home economics material in 
magazines. 

She made a plea for papers or abstracts in advance of meetings, and 
expressed appreciation of the publicity that the N. E. A. had given us 
at this meeting. She asked that Martha Van Rensselaer, Gertrude 
Lane, and Marie Sellers be added to the committee. 

The Council voted the addition of these members. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 11 

Legislative Committee. Miss Stanley, Chairman, presented the fol- 
lowing report: 

A statement of the work in behalf of the Fess bill was published in the 
November Journal. Publicity leaflets were printed early in November. 
There has been a demand for a reprint of these, but it has been held up, since 
it seems that it might be wise in reprinting to feature the Smoot bill, as well 
as the Fess bill. A hearing was held on the Fess bill on the evening of Feb- 
ruary 4. A report of this appears in the March Journal. Copies of the 
hearing are now available. 

At the request of Miss Sweeney, the chairman went to Washington to 
attend the meeting of the Women's Joint Congressional Committee, on 
November 24, called by the League of Women Voters. This committee is 
made up of legislative representatives from the following women's organiza- 
tions: Association of Collegiate Alumnae, National Trade Union League, 
National Consumers League, National League of Women Voters, Federation 
of Women's Clubs, Women's Christian Temperance Union, National Congress 
of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations, Daughters of American Revolu- 
tion, League of Business Professional Women, Council of Jewish Women, 
Women's International League of Peace, and American Home Economics 
Association. At three subsequent meetings the chairman has been repre- 
sented by either Miss Van Hoesen or Miss Richardson. 

Nothing has been done to press the Smoot bill during this session. Senator 
Smoot is in favor of reintroducing the bill. The Land-Grant Colleges are 
planning to have introduced a bill increasing the amount of money available 
for experimental work. A permissive clause allows the money to be spent in 
connection with the utilization of agricultural products. They feel that this 
bill would be preferable to one appropriating the money directly for experi- 
mental work in home economics. The chairman recommends that Senator 
Smoot be asked to introduce the Smoot bill again in the next session and that 
we push it just as strongly as possible. We need every possible help in stimu- 
lating research in home economics. 

The chairman has sent out a nmnber of letters in regard to the Sheppard- 
Towner bill. The bill has passed the Senate and the House Committee, but 
has not been given a place on the calendar. This bill received a number of 
changes in the House. As it now stands it is to be administered directly 
under the Children's Bureau without the foundation of the Federal Board, 
and the amount of money is decreased materially, limiting the work to the 
educational phases. 

None of the textile bills will have an opportunity to be acted upon during 
this session. Those recommended for endorsement by the Textile Section 
are the Barkley and Rogers bills. The French bill which is being pushed 
by the Wool Growers Association is not so recommended. 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 

The chairman would like to suggest that the Council discuss the following 
bills with the idea of taking some action: The Gronna bill, the Nolan 
Employment Service Bill (H. R. 544). She would also like to know of any 
bill that the Association thinks should be endorsed, and to know the objec- 
tions, if there are any, to any of the bills that are now being pushed. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Louise Stanley, 
Chairman. 
The report was accepted. 

The Council empowered the committee to protest against salary limi- 
tations in the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor. 

There was a discussion of the necessity of having a member of the 
legislative committee in Washington. 
Richards Memorial Fund Trustees. Report read by Miss Sweeny. 

The Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund of the American Home Economics 
Association amounted, on February 15, 1921, to $5850.61 (of principal and 
interest thereon), an increase of $1234.96 in the last three years. The Fund 
each year receives many contributions from members of the Association, in 
addition to the increase by income from interest. The present income of 
the Fund is approximately $275 a year. There has been appropriated from 
income since the Fund was established a total of $600, including $200 a year 
for two years to the University of Chicago for the Ellen H. Richards Fellow- 
ship, and $200 recently contributed by the Richards Fund to the Constanti- 
nople College Professorship of Home Economics which has been established 
by the American Home Economics Association. The balance of income has 
been added to the principal of the Fund and is included in the present total of 
$5850.61. 

The trustees desire to call the attention of all members of the Association 
to the Fund and suggest that home economics students and staffs in schools 
and higher institutions when possible make each year a contribution to 
the Fund on "Home Economics Day" (December 3, the birthday of Mrs. 
Richards) or on some other convenient occasion. They also suggest that 
members plan to devise by will to the Association such a sum as $100 or $1000 
or some multiple thereof which would be devoted permanently, as is the 
Richards Fund, to the promotion of home economics. Such money should be 
willed to the "American Home Economics Association Incorporated" (Office 
Baltimore, Maryland), to be kept intact as a separate fund bearing the name 
of the donor. The income alone to be used as is the case with the Richards 
Fund. 

Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Secretary of Richards Fund. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 13 

The report was accepted. 

The president announced the appointment of Isabel Bevier, and Cora 
Winchell as new members of the R. M. F. Trustees. Professor Richards 
and Mrs. Abel had been reappointed. 

REPORTS OF SPECIAL COMMITTEES 

Regional Organization. The report, read by Miss Sweeny, is in part 
as follows: 

During the last three months the Committee on Regional Organization has 
been steadily at work endeavoring (1) to locate existing state home economics 
associations; (2) to discover any groups that might be considered potential 
state associations; (3) in the states where neither was possible, to find some 
one who would secure a group to act as a nucleus for an association. 

In order to put before the states as quickly as possible the general plan 
for regional organization, a digest of the plan was prepared and distributed. 
An afiihation blank was drawn up, and may be secured through the Associa- 
tion Office. 

The members of the committee as it now stands, with the regions or states 
with which each member is working, are as follows: Anna Cooley — Eastern 
Region (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware) and Anna Kloss — 
Eastern Region (New England States); Mary Parker — Central Region; 
Gladys Branegan — West Central Region (North Dakota, South Dakota, 
Montana, Wyoming); Ava Milam — Pacific Region; Fannie Twiss — Canadian 
Region; Agnes Harris and Mildred Weigley working at large. Edith Thomas, 
as regional councilor, is carrying the responsibility for the Southern Region. 

In October it was found that there were actually organized and working 
only a very few state associations in addition to the New England organiza- 
tion. This statement assumes that those states from which we have had no 
reply have no state organization. Of associations organized, most were organ- 
ized distinctly as teachers associations. 

At the time of writing this report the situation regarding organized state 
associations and general interest indicated in such associations is as follows: 

States having state home economics associations actually organized 
(only those states that can give the name of their president, vice-president, or 
secretary are included): 

Eastern: New England, New York. 

Southern: North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, 

District of Columbia (Washington, D. C. Association), Virginia. 
Central: Missouri, Ohio, Indiana, Minnesota, Iowa, West Virginia. 
West Central: South Dakota, Montana. 
Pacific: Arizona, Utah, Washington, California. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Maich 

States having afl&liated under the new plan: 

Minnesota, North Carolina, Montana. The latter two states have 
not paid their afl51iation dues on the new per capita basis. They 
have indicated, however, that they will do so immediately.^ 
States indicating that they are planning to organize or reorganize on the 
affiliation basis outlined: 

Eastern: New York. 
Southern: Tennessee, Louisiana. 
Central: West Virginia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa. 
West Central: Kansas, Nebraska. 
Pacific: Utah, Oregon, Washington. 
States from which no information has been received as yet: 

Eastern: New England States, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware. 
Southern: South Carolina, Maryland. 
Central: Michigan, Kentucky. 

West Central: Oklahoma, North Dakota, Wyoming, New Mexico. 
The above report, together with the large number of inquiries which 
had come to the committee, serves to indicate that there is very definite 
interest in the plan of regional organization on the part of the states and 
regions. 

The committee believes that if the regional plan of organization is to func- 
tion effectively some change will have to be made regarding council member- 
ship in the A. H. E. A. 

The committee believes that the Council should make plans to begin using 
this regional organization for the furtherance of certain home economics 
projects as soon as possible. Each state association and each region will wish 
to know what it can do. There is little question but that there is plenty to 
be done, but the concrete projects should be brought to the attention of the 
regional councilors (or to the committee members representing regions until 
the councilors are appointed). It would seem advisable to plan for a definite 
discussion of this matter at the meeting in June when presumably a number 
of the Regional Organization Committee and councilors will be present. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Mildred Weigley, 

Chairman. 

The report was accepted. Voted to ask the committee, in conference 
with the president, to bring recommendations in regard to Council 
membership of the regions and the dues and work of the affiliated 
associations to the Council in June. 

'^ Since this report was written, Montana has made full payment. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 15 

Standardization Committee of the Textile Section. Miss Birdseye, 
chairman, reported as follows: 

At the June meeting, the work of the committee was subdivided under 
six sub-committee chairmen, on Study of Purchasing Habits, Research on 
Minimum Standards, Legislation, Publicity, Cooperation on Minimum 
Standards, and Business Management. Work is being carried on along all 
these Hnes. 

In order to conduct a wearing test for petticoat silks, 1800 yards of silk 
were bought at a cost of approximately $5400, the raw silk costing $15 a 
pound, which was well under the peak of the speculative market last spring, 
and at a price level which manufacturers beUeved would hold for some time. 
The order was underwritten by Mrs. Woolman, a member of the committee. 
About 500 skirts have been sold, and about 75 are still unsold, including 
taffeta and messaline. Some silk was sold by the yard, and a generous amount 
is being reserved for work at the Bureau of Standards. The break in the 
silk market last summer necessitated reducing the price of the skirts stUl 
imsold, and almost wiped out the profits upon which the committee rehed 
for carrying on its work in the coming months. The petticoat transaction 
has involved the expenditure to date of $6583.06, with some $1200 still out- 
standing. It is beheved that the transaction can be closed without loss, 
although it is not certain whether the petticoat fund can repay to the Asso- 
ciation the provisional loan of $200. The petticoat fund has paid back all 
that the committee loaned it from this provisional appropriation, and has 
contributed $8.75 toward the committee's expenses. 

For the work of the committee, apart from expense connected with the 
petticoat test, $313.95 has been spent for printing, postage, stenography, 
and travel. 

In April, the committee will ask early purchasers to report wear, turning 
in such skirts as are worn out. No complete deduction can be drawn until 
the majority of the records are in, but some preliminary returns seem to indi- 
cate that the silks are somewhat too soft and light for constant business wear. 
Laboratory tests confirm the manufacturer's specifications with respect to 
construction and weighting, showing that four out of the six experimental 
grades are pure dye silks as claimed. It is beUeved that, at the present adjusted 
prices ($6.50 to $8.50), the skirts compare favorably with those in the open 
market, and that they will give good satisfaction if worn for "best." The 
committee is anxious to dispose of them and close the transaction. Thanks 
are due Miss Pitner, the business manager, for her efforts in this matter. 

This committee has worked with the Committee to Investigate Textile Coop- 
eration, in formulating a plan for research. (For details of this plan see 
page 16.) 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Maich 

Committee to Investigate Textile Cooperation. Miss Gettemy, chair- 
man, reported that the members of the committee in Washington had 
met and had conferred with the National Research Council, presenting 
to them two plans for cooperation in textile research. The committee 
recommended plan two. 

The first plan places the initiative for and the general control of the 
research program in the hands of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation. In essence this plan consists in the formation, by the Associ- 
ation, of an advisory committee to direct a two-years' research program, 
which will attempt to standardize an accelerated wearing test for 
textile fabrics and to determine standards of wear for certain staple 
fabrics. The National Research Council undertakes to help secure the 
necessary funds from interested associations of manufacturers and 
others, to make suggestions as to desirable representatives of such 
associations, to serve on such advisory committee, and to delegate one 
or more persons to represent it on said committee. The Research 
Council further offers, if so requested by the Association, to take charge 
of the funds collected and to disburse them through its treasurer as 
directed by the advisory committee, on which it is itself represented. 

On the advisory committee it is understood that there will be a 
majority representation of the American Home Economics Association 
in order to assure that the ideals of the Association will be carried out. 
It is further understood that under this plan the work will be done by 
a qualified research worker, mainly at the Bureau of Standards, this 
Bureau having already expressed its willingness to cooperate by receiving 
such a worker in the capacity of research fellow, with all the assistance 
and privileges which that relationship implies. It is understood that 
the Bureau of Standards will be represented on the advisory committee, 
as will also the Office of Home Economics of the Department of Agri- 
culture, and possibly other government bureaus interested in carrying 
on research relating to textiles or to the raw material entering into 
textile manufacture. 

The second plan involves a request on the part of the American Home 
Economics Association to the National Research Council to take over 
the research program as a part of its own work. This would mean that 
the Research Council will give preference to the central ideas of the 
program as originally suggested by the Home Economics Association, 
but may ampHfy and develop this program as in its judgment seems 
expedient. The Research Council will assume the responsibility of 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 17 

financing both the technical work and the necessary administrative 
expenses connected with the research program. It will also take the 
initiative in forming a committee to direct the research program. Under 
plan two, the American Home Economics Association would not have 
the general control of the program, but would have sufficient represen- 
tation on the research committee to insure that the research program 
would be directed with the interest of the consumer prominently in 
mind, and to secure for the Association the contacts with associations 
of textile manufacturers, retail merchants, and others which would be 
secured under plan one, as outlined above. These objects could be 
accomplished by inviting to membership on the committee the president 
of the Association or her representative and several members of the 
Textile Section of the Association. 

Voted to receive this report. Discussion foUowed and attention was 
called to the importance of forming this connection with the National 
Research Council. Voted to accept the recommendation of the 
committee. 

A consideration of the next steps to be taken led to the conclusion 
that the president, in the name of the Association, should ask the National 
Research Council to proceed on plan two. 

Miss Birdseye presented an estimate of the expenses of the committee 
to carry on this cooperation, and recommended that the Association 
appropriate five hundred dollars. 

Voted that the president confer with the Textile Committee and 
suggest alternative means of securing the needed funds and ask the 
Textile Committee to draw up plans to be submitted to the president. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

hiternational Congress. Miss Sweeny read a communication from the 
International Office of Home Economics and referred to correspondence 
with members of the Association in which we were asked to send 
delegates and an exhibit. 

Voted that we take the necessary steps to join the Congress and to 
send such delegates as may be in Europe at the time. 

Voted, further, that a committee of two be appointed to consider the 
Association's share in the Congress and the type and content of an 
exhibit. Committee appointed: Helen Atwater, chairman; Florence 
Ward. 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Maich 

It was suggested that the Association invite foreign countries to send 
delegates to our meetings. 

Executive Secretary. The need for an executive secretary was shown 
by the many phases of Association work requiring attention. Such an 
oj6&cer could establish contacts with other associations, take care of 
part of the work of committees, give attention to legislative matters, 
develop state organizations. 

It was thought also that, if the Association had an executive secretary, 
funds might be secured from foundations for cooperative work. 

The chair was empowered to appoint a committee to consider ways 
and means of securing funds for an executive secretary, to outline the 
duties of such an officer, and to report to the Council in June. This 
committee is also to consider contacts with other organizations, and the 
advisability of establishing headquarters in Washington. Committee 
appointed: Louise Stanley, chairman; Clara Helbing, Emma Winslow, 
Alice Blester. 

Committee Work. It was voted that the chairman of each committee 
be asked to arrange for a committee meeting at each annual and semi- 
annual meeting of the Association. If the chairman is unable to be 
present some one should be designated as acting chairman and, if this 
person is the only member present, other members should be appointed 
by the president in conference with the acting chairman. 

The president called attention to the necessity of avoiding duplica- 
tion or misunderstanding in communications sent out by various 
committees. 

Voted that all letters and mimeographed or printed material dealing 
with Association business be submitted to the Association Office and 
through the Office to the president for approval, before being sent out. 

Contacts with Other Organizations. In response to a request from the 
American Dietetic Association the president was empowered to appoint 
a committee to cooperate with the American Dietetic Association in 
considering a course of instruction for hospital dietitians. Committee 
appointed: Abby Marlatt, chairman; Ruth Wheeler, Katharine Fisher, 
Lenna F. Cooper. 

The American Academy of Social and Political Science asked that 
three delegates be sent to their meeting. Voted that we accept the 
invitation and that the chair appoint the delegates. The chair announced 
later that Miss Arnold and Miss Atwater would represent the 
Association. 



1921] COUNCIL MEETINGS 19 

An invitation from the National Society for Vocational Education to 
take part in their 1921 program was read. 

A letter was received from the Y. W. C. A. asking for information in 
regard to affiliation, and the president was asked to answer the letter. 

Miss Sweeny announced that at the invitation of the National Canners 
Association she had represented the A. H. E. A. on the program of the 
annual meeting of the former association. 

The Council requested that an effort be made to secure speakers on 
the programs of other associations and that members be appointed to 
attend other meetings. 

The president called attention to the cooperation of the General 
Federation of Women's Clubs in pressing the Fess Bill, and also reminded 
us of the participation of the American Home Economics Association 
in the presentation of the statue of the suffrage founders to the Capitol. 

Communications. Letters were read from Mrs. Norton and Miss 
Ravenhill. The secretary was instructed to send greetings to Mrs. 
Norton and a letter of sympathy to Miss Ravenhill. 

The secretary was instructed to send to the Hotel Dennis an express- 
sion of appreciation of their hospitality and courteous service. 

A rising vote of thanks was given Dr. Blood for the interesting program 
so effectively carried out. 



Constantinople Fund Committee. Miss Marlatt, chairman, sent to 
the Office, in March, a full report of funds collected. The Association 
would like to give full credit to each contributing individual, school, 
and organization, but our limited space makes it necessary to confine 
the report to states and sections. 



SUMMARY OF FUND 

Amount contributed by educational institutions and organizations* $4,932.27 

International Institute of Education (paid directly to Mrs. Norton) 800.00 

Individual contributions 708 . 75 

Ellen H. Richards Memorial Fund 200.00 

Total amount contributed $6,641 .02 

* The organizations are home economics associations and clubs, teachers associations, 
and the home economics sororities Omicron Nu and Phi Upsilon Omicron. 



20 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [March 



REPORT BY DISTRICTS 

From Educational Institutions and Organizations 

District Allotment Amount received 

Eastern $1,800.00 $1, 120.79t 

Southern 800.00 873.05 

Central 1 ,600.00 1 ,429.291 

West Central 900.00 467 .75t 

Pacific 700.00 1,034.35 

Canada 1200.00 7 .04 

Total $6,000.00| $4,932 .27 

t The $800 from the International Institute of Education ^should be added to this 
amount for the Eastern District. 
X Contributions are still coming in. 



REPORT BY DISTRICTS AND STATES 



Eastern District $1 , 120 . 79 

Maine $27.25 

New Hampshire. ... 15 .00 

Vermont 15.00 

Massachusetts 109.54 

New York 502.25 

New Jersey 8 . 75 

Pennsylvania 189 . 00 

Delaware 10.50 

District of Columbia 40 . 00 

Connecticut 1 1 . 50 

Rhode Island — 

New England Assoc. 

of Teachers 50.00 

Individual subscrip- 
tions 142.00 

Southern District 873 . 05 

Alabama 62.00 

Virginia 60.00 

North Carolina 37 . 75 

South Carolina 22.50 

Arkansas 36.00 

Tennessee 69 . 85 

Louisiana 96.20 

Mississippi 48.00 

Texas 158.80 

Kentucky 20.00 

Maryland 49.75 

Georgia 65 . 50 

West Virginia 82.65 

Florida 64.05 



Central District $1 , 429 . 29 

Ohio $168.25 

Illinois 452.08 

Indiana 134 . 30 

Michigan 173.37 

Wisconsin 208.19 

Minnesota 53 . 50 

Missouri 128.85 

Iowa 110.75 

West Central District. 467 . 75 

Oklahoma 81.40 

Kansas 149.00 

Nebraska 100.00 

North Dakota 2.00 

South Dakota 11.30 

Montana 37.00 

Wyoming 5 . 00 

Colorado 37.50 

New Mexico 44.55 

Pacific District 1 , 034 . 35 

Arizona 56.85 

Utah 123.20 

Nevada — 

Idaho 55.00 

Oregon 308.37 

Washington 247.86 

California 243.07 

Canada 7.04 

Total $4,932.27 



1920] PROGRAM OF THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 21 

Discussion 

Marion Hepworth, State Leader, University of West Virginia 

Bess M. Rowe, State Leader, Montana Agricultural College 
The Value of Exhibits at County and State Fairs 

Frances L. Brow-n, State Leader, Kansas State Agricultural College 

Susie Powell, Mississippi Agricultural College 
Research Problems: need and facilities for research 

Venia Keller, Maryland State Agricultural College 

TEXTILE SECTION 

Saturday, 8 p.m. 
Mabel B. Trilling, University of Chicago, chairman 

The Need of Teaching Design in Home Economics 

Virginia M. Alexander, College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Texas 
Results of Short Cuts in Teaching Clothing: illustrated with lantern slides 

Celestine L. Schmit, University of Wisconsin 
Report of Misbranding Legislation 
Research in Textiles and Clothing: Life of fabrics as affected by lib re, weave, and color 

Florence Caton, University of Missouri 
Report of Committee on Research in Textiles and Clothing 

Mabel M. Trilling, University of Chicago 

SCIENCE SECTION 

Helen B. Thompson, Kansas State Agricultural College, acting chairman 

Conservation of Gas 

Olga Eifritz, Natural Gas Conservation Agent, Bureau of Mines 
Comparative Study of Results Obtained by Fireless and Pressure Cookers 

Cecile Stone, University of Missouri 
Comparative Cost of Electricity and Gas in Meal Preparation 

Martha E. Dresslar, University of Washington 
Vinegar Fermentations 

Dr. Walter G. Sackett, Colorado State Agricultural College 
Effects of Manipulation and Storage upon the Keeping Qualities of Canned Vegetables 

Mildred Weigley, University of Minnesota 

Alice M. Biester, University of Minnesota 
Report of Committees 

Monday, 2 p.m. 

Round Table — Nutrition Problems: 

Agnes Fay Morgan, presiding 
Bacterial Flora in Home Canned Asparagus 

L. D. Bushnell, Kansas State Agricultural College 
Digestibility of Raw Starch 

C. F. Langworthy, Office of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 
The Preparation of Inulin from French Artichokes 

Anna Williams, University of California 
Round Table — Experimental Cookerj': 

Helen B. Thompson, presiding 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [June 

Economical Management of the Gas Range 

Minna C. Denton, Office of Home Economics, Washington, D. C. 
Cake Making 

Nita Collier, University of Missouri 
Grainy Fats vs. Creamy Fats in Cake and Pastry 

Minna C. Denton 

ROUND TABLES 

Friday, June 25 

2.00 p.m. Extension Workers on Red Cross Program 

Margaret Sawyer, American Red Cross, presiding 
3.00 p.m. Public School Teachers 

Jenny H. Snow, Chicago Public Schools, presiding 

Tuesday, June 29 

2.00 p.m. Education in Homemaking 

Adelaide Baylor, presiding 
Exhibits 

Caroline Hunt, U. S. Department of Agriculture, presiding 



Meeting of the American Home Economics Association. At the 

meeting of the A. H. E. A. held in Cleveland, February 23 and 24, 1920, 
in connection with the Department of Superintendence, N. E. A., there 
was an attendance of between two hundred and three hundred at each 
session. 

An unusually interesting program had been prepared for the meeting 
by the Program Committee, Abby Marlatt chairman. On Monday 
afternoon the main topic was Methods in High Schools. Helen Good- 
speed, State Supervisor of Home Economics, Madison, Wisconsin, 
outlined a scheme for developing the problem solving method in home 
economics teaching. She offered specific suggestions for linking the 
present life of the girl with her work in home economics in the school, 
Rosa Biery, University of Chicago, Elementary and High Schools, 
presented a paper on Applied Economics in a One Year Home Econom- 
ics High School Course. Miss Biery has worked out a very excellent 
scheme, and one with many possibilities for development. The general 
discussion of these two papers showed a keen interest in the topic. 

At this meeting Miriam Birdseye, States Relations Service, Washing- 
ton, D, C, presented a report of the work of the Textile Committee 
which is undertaking to promote standardization of textile fabrics, and 
promises to accompUsh results along this much needed line. 



1920] CLEVELAND MEETING 23 

Edna N. White, Director of the Merrill-Pahner School, Detroit, 
Michigan, was leader of the discussion. 

The subject for Tuesday morning was Tests in Home Economics 
Teaching, Adelaide Laura Van Duzer, Supervisor of Home Economics, 
Cleveland, Ohio, presiding. Mabel Trilling presented the topic Stand- 
ard Tests in Teaching Textiles and Clothing. The reports of this work, 
both in Cleveland, and in Blue Ridge, June, 1919, have been most 
interesting and valuable. Florence Williams, Supervisor of Industrial 
Arts, Richmond, Indiana, followed Miss Trilling and told how tests are 
an aid in the teaching and organization of home economics. Betsey 
Madison, Home Economics Department, University of Wisconsin, 
Madison, presented a paper on Teaching by the Meal Plan Method. 
After a lively discussion, Mrs. Mary Schenck Woolman spoke briefly 
upon the subject of the moving picture as an aid in the teaching of home 
economics. 

On Tuesday afternoon, Lydia Roberts, Assistant Professor of Home 
Economics, University of Chicago, was leader. The general topic of 
the meeting was Child Feeding. Miss Roberts gave a very definite 
and concrete report on the field work which she has been doing for the 
Children's Bureau that carried with it confidence in the results to be 
gained through work along the lines of child welfare. Mary A. Harper, 
Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, New York City, 
followed Miss Roberts and told of the work of a Feeding Clinic and 
Demonstration School. It is interesting to note that in work of this 
type the results are tangible and one is inspired to bend all efforts in 
every direction possible toward improvement in health through wise 
feeding. A very interesting exhibit of rats on different experimental 
diets was shown by Emma Francis, Battle Creek Sanitarium, Battle 
Creek, Michigan, with details in relation to the various experiments. 
Miss Francis made the very generous offer to supply those who request 
them with photographs of rats fed on different diets. Furthermore, 
she offered to send to anyone who wished them live rats for purposes of 
experimenting. 

A home economics dinner was arranged by the local committee for 
Monday night, at which several prominent residents of Cleveland spoke. 
Visits had also been arranged to elementary and junior and senior high 
schools, to the Western Reserve University, to the Y. W. C. A., to 
factories serving lunches, and to hospitals. 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION Ijune 

Great appreciation was expressed for the work of the local committee 
which made the visit to Cleveland a most delightful one for all members 
of the Association. 

Cora M. Winchell, 
Secretary, American Home Economics Association. 

The Fund for Constantinople College. The Council of the A. 
H. E. A. at the meeting in Cleveland voted to undertake the raising of 
$6000 to establish for three years a chair of Home Economics in the 
American College for Girls in Constantinople, and to send a teacher there 
from America. 

The needs of the college have been stated in a former issue of the 
Journal. Miss Jenkins' story (in the March number) showing what 
one graduate accomplished ought to make us see the wonderful opportun- 
ity to reach out into many homes and into the very kind of homes that 
most need help. 

The A. H. E. A. as an association has had few opportunities to raise 
money with its only purpose the service of others, though service is of 
course the primary reason for the very existence of the Association. 

Professor Abby Marlatt of the University of Wisconsin has been made 
general chairman of the Committee for raising this fund. Sectional 
chairmen have been appointed to aid her. 

Let us all take hold with a will, so that at the annual meeting the 
money may be in hand. 

The Board of Trustees of the Constantinople College have asked 
that the Association present the names of three candidates from 
among whom the appointee may be selected, and has indicated the 
following basis of qualification: "the appointee should be a mature 
woman, at least 35 years of age, an expert in her work; she should 
be adaptable to foreign conditions and broad minded in building up 
what she finds in the East rather than imposing American custom. 
She should have organizing as well as teaching ability as it would be 
her place to build up a new department, and she should also be able 
to correlate the courses that she already finds in the College with her 
department. She should be capable of a personal interest in her 
students and also of a broad vision of the work." 

Those who are interested in considering the Constantinople position 
are asked to communicate with the Chairman of the International 
Committee of the American Home Economics Association, Dr. B. R. 
Andrews, Teachers College, New York City. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 6 SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER, 1920 Nos. 3-4 

MID WINTER MEETING WITH THE N. E. A. 

Atlantic City, February 28 and March 1, 1921 

The American Home Economics Association stands face to face with the 
greatest opportunities and responsibihties which it has ever had. The war 
gave those trained in home economics a chance to prove the contribution 
which they could make to the problem of every day living, and post-war 
conditions have created new fields for development and growth. No aspect 
of the home economics field has demanded more serious thought and careful 
study than courses in our secondary schools, the problems of their administra- 
tion and content. 

If home economics is to take its rightful place with other branches of high 
school work it behooves all administrators and teachers in this line of education 
to do the most constructive type of thinking and planning for the years which 
lie ahead. Realizing the value in the past of the conferences with the Division 
of Superintendence, of open discussion of what should compose the course of 
study for the general and vocational courses, what conditions best promote 
the development of the work, how the administration in the high school can 
be made most effective, the program for the Atlantic City meeting has been 
based on the outstanding needs of the home economics work in high schools. 
Supervisors, teachers in secondary schools, and superintendents will make 
addresses and lead the discussions. Women professionally trained must take 

1 



2 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Scpt-DcC. 

the initiative in developing the ideal relationships of science, art, economics, 
and sociology to home economics and in determining the ultimate objective 
of general and vocational courses. 

Preceded as the Superintendents' meeting is by the annual meeting of the 
National Society for Vocational Education, it offers a splendid opportunity 
for every home economics woman to get in touch with the best thinking and 
constructive planning wliich is being done by our foremost educators in 
secondary and vocational education. Every woman owes it to her own outlook 
on her profession and to her own development to attend such meetings. 

Mary E. Sweeny, 

President. 



TENTATIVE PROGRAM 
AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

With the Division of Superintendence, N. E, A. 
AtlanUc City, February 28 and March 1, 1921 

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28 

' 9.00 a.m. 

President's Address 
Preliminary Business 

General Session. Mary Sweeny, President, presiding 

Topic: Does Home Economics Teaching Function as it Should for the Girl of High 
School Age? 
Home Economics in the General High School 

Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, Specialist in Home Economics, Bureau of Education 
Home Economics in the Commercial High School 

Mrs. Evelyn Wight Allan, Principal, Girls' Commercial High School, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y 
Experimental Work in the Merrill-Palmer School 

Edna White, Director, MerriU-Pahner School, Detroit 

2.00 p.m. General Session. Mrs. Henrietta Calvin presiding 

The Responsibility of the Home Economics Teacher to the Community 

Agnes Craig, Supervisor of Home Economics, Springfield, Mass. 
Topic : Methods of Contributing to Vitality of Teaching in the Grades 
The Home Project 

Mrs. Maude Gregory Adams, State Supervisor Vocational Home Economics, 
Ohio 
The School Project 

Helen Goodspeed, State Supervisor Vocational Home Economics, Wisconsin 
The Use of the School Doll as a Means of Teaching Sensible Dress 

Adelaide Van Duzer, Supervisor of Home Economics, Cleveland, Ohio 

7.30 p.m. Council Meeting 



1920] THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 3 

TUESDAY, MARCH 1 

9.00 a.m. General Session, Edna White presiding 

Topic: How Can the School Child Be Interested in Right Food Habits through Regular 
School Channels? 

The High School Class in Foods 

Florence Willard, Chairman of Department of Domestic Science, Washing- 
ton Irving High School, New York 
Foods Work in the Grades 

Mabel Bragg, Assistant Superintendent of Schools, Newton, Mass. 
What Can the Instructor in Physical Education Contribute? 

F. W. Maroney, M.D., Director of Physical Training, Department of Public 

Instruction, New Jersey 
What Are the Educational Possibilities of the School Lunchroom? 

Katharine A. Pritchett, Supervisor of Nutrition, Department of Public 

Instruction, Pennsylvania 
The Standardization of Nutrition Workers 

Mary McCormick, Supervisor of Nutrition, State Department of Education, 

New York 

2.00 p.m. General Session. Mary Sweeny presiding 

Factors Involved in Training Girls as Consumers 

S. Helen Bridge, Head of Home Economics Education Dept., Univ. of Nebr. 
Points of Interest in Government Research Laboratories for the Home Economics 

Worker 

Minna C. Denton, Assistant Chief of Home Economics, U. S. Department of 

Agriculture 
Business Meeting and Reports of Committees 

The meetings will be held in the Dennis Hotel. The Convention 
Bureau of Atlantic City will send, on application, a pamphlet giving 
full information concerning hotel rates. 



THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 

The thirteenth annual meeting of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation was held at the Hotel Antlers, Colorado Springs, Colo., June 24 
to 29, 1920. There were about 300 in attendance. The arrangements 
had been made by Inga M. K. Allison, Chairman of the Committee on 
Time and Place, and every convenience and comfort possible to the 
members of the Association had been provided. 

The first Council meeting was held Wednesday evening, June 23, at 
8.00, and the regular sessions of the Association began at 2.00 p.m. on 
Thursday, June 24. The program committee, with Abby Marlatt as 
chairman, had planned for two general meetings daily, thus leaving some 



4 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

time each day for those in attendance to avail themselves of the 
opportunities for trips 'round about the Springs. 

At the first meeting of the Association, held in the Ball Room of the 
Hotel Antlers, Mayor Thomas, of Colorado Springs, extended the greet- 
ings of the city to the Association, and Dean Corbett of the Colorado 
Agricultural College, Fort Collins, brought the welcome of the state. 
The president of the Association, Edna N. White, responded to these 
greetings, and struck the keynote for the meetings to follow, showing 
their breadth of interest. She indicated the relation of the A. H. E. A. 
to child welfare, social service, legislation as affecting the home and 
women in industry, and the field of education in general. 

Miss White emphasized the importance of surveys in the develop- 
ment of the work in home economics. 

Two addresses of strong general interest were presented at this 
session — one by Mrs. Rufus Dawes, of the Community Kitchen, Evans- 
ton, 111., who spoke on the development of community kitchens, and 
the other by Olive Davis, of the Government Hotels for Women, Wash- 
ington, D. C, who spoke on the problems concerned with the organi- 
zation and administration of these hotels. 

In the evening, in the Sun Parlor of the Hotel Antlers, the Institution 
Economics Section held its meeting and the Extension Education Sec- 
tion met in the Ball Room. Strong programs had been arranged and 
both meetings were well attended. 

The meeting on Friday morning was in general charge of the Extension 
Education Section. Preceding this program, Cleo Murtland, Chairman 
of the Committee on Education of Girls and Women for Industrial 
Occupations of the National Society for Vocational Education, presented 
a report. 

The survey of the work of the extension field was well presented by 
Florence Ward of the Office of Extension Work, North and West, and by 
Ola Powell, Office of Extension Work, South. Papers were presented 
by Miriam Haynes, State Leader, Colorado, and Nina Crigler, Food 
SpeciaHst, University of Illinois. 

On Friday afternoon two round tables were conducted — one of Red 
Cross workers, and one of public school teachers with Jenny H. Snow, 
Supervisor of Household Arts, Chicago Public Schools, as chairman. 

At 8.00 p.m. a general session was held, with Abby Marlatt as chair- 
man. Dr. Carohne Hedger, Medical Director of the Elizabeth Mc- 
Cormick Memorial Fund, Chicago, told of the work of that organization 



1920] THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 5 

in combating malnutrition. She was followed by Marie Sellers of the 
Pictorial Review, New York City, who spoke on Training Home Eco- 
nomics Students for Journalism, and Harlan Smith, of the U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, who told of the publicity work of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture in relation to home economics. 

At the Saturday morning meeting Dr. Langworthy spoke of the work 
in nutrition of the National Research Council. The meeting from this 
point on was in charge of the Textile Section, Mabel B, TrilHng, presid- 
ing. Grace Denny, Ethel Phelps, and Paul I. Cherington, Secretary of 
the National Association of Wool Manufacturers, spoke on various 
phases of the textile question. Miriam Birdseye presented a report 
of the excellent constructive work which has been done, by the com- 
mittee of which she is chairman, on establishing minimum standards 
for textile fabrics. 

At the evening meeting the Textile Section, with Mabel Trilling as 
chairman, and the Science Section, with Dr. Helen B. Thompson as 
chairman, held meetings. Both meetings were well attended and 
excellent papers were offered. 

Other papers were presented on Monday and Tuesday, June 28 and 
29. Hugh Magill of the National Education Association spoke on The 
Nation and Education, Dr. Agnes Fay Morgan and Dr. Helen B, 
Thompson spoke on scientific phases of home economics. 

At 2.00 p.m., Monday, June 28, the Science Section held a second 
meeting with Dr. Helen B . Thompson presiding. On Tuesday afternoon 
a round table was held on Education in Homemaking, with Adelaide 
Baylor of the Federal Board for Vocational Education presiding. 

Four Council Meetings and two general business meetings were held 
with excellent attendance. 

Due to the fact that the Secretary was teaching in the summer session 
in the University of Colorado, and had been graciously released for part 
of the time of the meetings, Lenna F. Cooper, the newly elected secre- 
tary, acted as secretary pro tern during the Council meetings and business 
meetings on Monday and Tuesday, June 28 and 29. 

Very efl&cient work was done by the Pen and Press Committee, with 
Ava B. Milam in charge, in pro\dding reports of meetings to local and 
other daily papers, and reports of the convention to periodicals. This 
service was much appreciated. 

Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 



6 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

The Science Section arranged programs for three sessions. At the 
first meeting Dr. Helen B. Thompson, acting chairman of the section, 
presided. Olga EHfritz, of the Bureau of Mines, in her paper on Con- 
servation of Gas, reported the work being done by the Bureau to aid in 
better utiHzation of the natural gas supply and called attention to the 
fact that literature on this subject may be obtained from the Bureau 
of Mines. The following paper, on Comparative Cost of Electricity and 
Gas, by Martha E. Dresslar, of the University of Washington, dealt 
particularly with the relative eflSciency of various parts of the electric 
stove, and was illustrated by charts. 

Walter G. Sacket, of Colorado State Agricultural College, gave a 
report of experimental work done on Vinegar Fermentations. Solutions 
were given for many of the problems concerning home made vinegars. 
Alice Biester, of the University of Minnesota, reported a series of experi- 
ments deahng with the Effect of Manipulation and Storage upon the 
Keeping Qualities of Canned Vegetables. 

On Monday morning the main subject of the general session was nutri- 
tion. Miss Bevier presided and Dr. Agnes Fay Morgan of the Univer- 
sity of California gave a comprehensive survey of the Hterature dealing 
with European Experience on Low Diets. Dr. Helen B. Thompson of 
Kansas State Agricultural College reported extensive experimental data 
on the Effect of Alternate Periods of Suppression of Growth and Refeed- 
ing of Albino Mice. Dr. C. F. Langworthy led the discussion on nutri- 
tional problems which followed this meeting. 

On Monday evening Dr. Morgan presided over the section meeting. 
Dr. Langworthy reported a series of experiments on The DigestibiUty 
of Raw Starch by Human Subjects. The results of these experiments 
are of interest to every teacher of foods, and are pubHshed in the current 
series of the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Dr. Langworthy also 
made a brief survey of the work done on Expenditure of Energy in 
Housework the results of which have been published in the June number 
of the American Journal of Physiology. 

A paper on The Preparation of Inulin from French Artichokes was 
presented by Anna W. Williams, of the University of CaHfomia. 

Dr. Minna C. Denton, of the Ofl&ce of Home Economics, gave experi- 
mental results on the Economical Management of the Gas Range, and 
also on Grainy Fats versus Creamy Fats in Cake and Pastry. 

Alice Biester reported results of experiments on The Sweetening Pow- 
ers of Various Sugars. 



1920] THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 7 

At the close of the meeting the following nominations were made and 
accepted: Chairman of the Section, Dr. Minna C. Denton; Secretary, 
Margaret Sawyer. A motion was made and carried that a Research 
Clearing House Committee be appointed, and the chair was impowered 
to appoint such a committee. A motion was made and carried to refer 
the proposed change of the section name to the Council. 

Submitted by 

Anna W. Williams. 

The Textile Section contributed the following papers and reports 
as part of the program of the annual meeting. 

Miriam Birdseye, chairman of the standardization committee, pre- 
sented the general plan made by this committee and a review of the 
excellent work accomplished by them during the year, including the 
large scale test for silk (petticoats made of standardized silk) , the small 
piece of silk test, cotton and serge testing, and the purchasing habits 
questionnaires. 

Paul T. Cherington, of Boston, discussed textile legislation, includ- 
ing the five textile bills introduced in the last Congress; the present pow- 
ers of the Federal Trade Commission to protect the consumer; state laws, 
now operative, affecting textiles; the type of legislation needed and rea- 
sons for needing it ; and how home economics women can help with textile 
legislation. 

A discussion of cooperation between the textile laboratory and the 
mercantile world was presented by Grace Denny of the University of 
Washington. 

Ethel Phelps of the University of Minnesota gave the report of a 
study of clothing purchasing habits. 

The need of teaching design in home economics was presented by 
Virginia Alexander of the College of Industrial Arts, Denton, Texas. 

A discussion of short cuts in teaching clothing, by Celestine Schmidt, 
was illustrated with lantern slides. 

A paper on the conduction of heat by textile fibers and the relative 
rate of absorption, and the rate of evaporation of water, was presented 
by Florence Caton of the University of Missouri. 

A report from the committee on research on textiles was presented by 
Mabel Trilling of the University of Chicago, chairman. The mono- 
graph on analysis of home economics texts and courses of study wiU be 
available as soon as arrangements can be made for printing. Several 



8 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

interesting topics were announced on which research work is at present 
being done. 

A report of the committee asking cooperation of moving picture pro- 
ducers, in improving the quaHty of home interiors, was sent by Florence 
Winchell of the Lincoln School, New York City, chairman. It was 
decided to ask Miss Winchell to continue this work and to report further 
progress at the next annual meeting. 

Lillian Peek, State Supervisor of Home Economics, Texas, reported 
a summary of a girls' clothing contest, successfully carried out in Texas, 
in connection with which it was possible to estabHsh a demand for shoes 
with sensible heels for school wear. 

Work for the coming year as outlined by the Section, includes an 
effort to establish cooperation with merchants in furthering textile 
standardization, and the continuation of some unfinished work started 
by the standardization committee during the past year. 

The officers for the coming year are: Chairman, Lillian Peek, State 
Supervisor of Home Economics, Austin, Texas; Secretary, Ethel Phelps, 
University of Minnesota. 

Ethel L. Phelps, 
Secretary, Textile Section. 

The Institution Section held its section meeting Thursday evening, 
June 24, Lenna F. Cooper, chairman, presiding. 

Margaret Proctor, of the National Board of the Y. W. C. A., gave a 
very interesting talk on Cost Accounting in Cafeteria Work. Miss 
Proctor discussed forms and records of work used in different phases of 
institutional work. 

Mrs. Hallie B. Corsette, Supervising Dietitian of the United States 
Public Health Service, read a paper on the Work of the Dietitian in the 
United States Public Health Service. Mrs. Corsette gave a brief survey 
of the service from the time when the first dietitians were placed in sev- 
eral of the larger hospitals until the present time. The first dietitian 
was placed in the hospital under the mess officer with little responsibility. 
She was given a chance to use her initiative and training, and now, in 
all except two hospitals, she is in charge of the food department with the 
responsibility and authority of mess officer. This change in the status 
of the dietitian was due to the efficient service that these pioneers have 
given. Although recognition was slow in coming, they put their shoul- 
ders to the wheel, took what was was given to them, and gave returns 



1920] COUNCIL MEETINGS 9 

that proved beyond a doubt that the trained dietitian did have a place 
in the hospitals of the United States Public Health Service. 

Following Mrs. Corsette's paper there was an active discussion of the 
place of the dietitian in the Army hospitals, and the scope of her work. 
It was the consensus of opinion that the work of the Army dietitian was 
greatly hampered on account of her lack of status and therefore oppor- 
tunity to exercise initiative. It was therefore moved and seconded that 
the committee on resolutions be asked to draw up appropriate resolu- 
tions to be presented in person to the Surgeon General of the Army, 
which would indicate the sentiment of the Association as expressed in 
the discussion of the Institution Section. 

Nola Treat was unanimously elected chairman and Esther Ackerson, 
secretary of the Section, 

Margaret Sawyer, 
Secretary, Institution Section. 

The following is a summary of the business transactions of the Council 
and the Association. 

COUNCIL MEETINGS 

Members and guests present at one or more meetings: Edna N. WTiite, 
presiding; Mrs. Calvin, Dr. Langworthy, Misses Allison, Baldwin, Bart- 
lett, Bevier, Biester, Bunch, Denny, Field, Frysinger, Goodrich, Harris, 
Loomis, Mason, Matthews, Milam, Murchie, Powell, Raitt, Rorabaugh, 
Snow, Stone, Trilling, Ward, Weber, Winchell. 

Relation to Other Organizations. Various appeals for cooperation and 
suggestions for affiliation were presented and discussed, and the follow- 
ing actions taken: 

Voted to contribute twenty-five dollars to the International Office of 
Home Economics. 

Voted to affiliate with the General Federation of Women's Clubs. 

Voted to appoint a delegate to act as representative on the Council 
of the National Information Bureau. Miss White was appointed. 

Voted that a committee be appointed to ascertain the kind of coop- 
eration desired by the Woman's Foundation for Health. Mary Gearing 
and Mary Parker were appointed. 

Treasurer's Report. The trial balance submitted by the treasurer was 
read as follows: 



10 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 



TRIAL BALANCE AS OF JXJNE 15, 1920 



Dr. 



Cr. 



Cash 

Baltimore Trust Co. Sav. Dept . . 

R. M. F. Trustees 

Association: 

Data Committee 

Salaries, clerical 

Travel expense 

Printing and stationery 

Postage 

Telegraph and telephone 

Bulletin 

Annual meeting 

Ofi&ce expense 

Advertising 

Textile Committee 

Equipment 

Journal: 

Salaries, officers 

Travel expense 

Printing and stationery 

Office expense 

Distribution 

Discount to news dealers 

Postage 

Refunds — Excess payments 

Exchange 

Joint: 

Salaries officers 

Salaries clerical assistants 

Rent 

Postage 

Telegraph and telephone 

Office expense 

Printing and stationery 

Petty Cash, Miss Winchell 

Petty Cash, Miss Baldwin 



^1,708.61 

595.11 

, 4,070.56 

26.00 

49.80 

57.60 

53.93 

14.00 

5.41 

495.36 

13.01 

46.50 

21.00 

293.65 

254.32 

500.00 

84.40 

32.00 

1.45 

. 4,215.63 

94.97 

3.34 

5.30 

.23 

750.00 

482.00 

100.00 

163.10 

23.77 

55.16 

33.26 

11.95 

18.22 

$14,279.64 



Surplus $3,360.10 

R. M. F... 4,305.87 

Institution Section 99.09 

Life Membership 285 .00 

Association : 

Dues 765.00 

Legislative Fund 388 . 78 

Publications .25 

Journal: 

Numbers 69.54 

Reprints 58.04 

Advertising 1,193.21 

Subscriptions 3,313.68 

Books .87 

Club Agents 3.85 

R. M. F. Publications 412 . 36 

Interest on Savings Acct. from 

June 30,1919, to Dec. 31, 1919 24.00 



$14,279.64 



Exhibits. It was voted that the Chair appoint a committee to inves- 
tigate the feasibility of commercial exhibits. It was suggested that the 
committee on commercial exhibits consider the plan of dealing with busi- 
ness associations rather than with individual firms. 

Annual Meeting. Invitations were presented and possibilitites con- 
sidered. It was decided to hold the next meeting in the East and the 
1922 meeting at the Oregon Agricultural College at Corvallis. 



1920] COUNCIL MEETINGS 11 

The following committtee was appointed to recommend to the pro- 
gram committee ways and means of making programs: Isabel Bevier, 
Jenny Snow, Mrs. Calvin, Abby Marlatt, Mabel Trilling. (For rec- 
ommendations see page 19.) 

It was suggested that it might be possible to use part of the income 
from the Richards Memorial Fund to secure speakers. 

Journal of Home Economics. Dr. Langworthy presented the Report 
of the Journal Board. This included suggestions made by Dr. Louise 
McDanell Browne for organizing various departments in the Journal of 
Home Economics, and the possible necessity of increasing the price of the 
Journal. It was suggested that part of the income from the Richards 
Memorial Fund be devoted to the Journal. This did not seem wise to 
the trustees of the fund. The matter of increasing the subscription 
price was referred to the Journal Board with power to act. It was sug- 
gested that the presidents of the state home economics associations be 
requested to push the sale of the Journal. 

Voted that the Chair appoint a committee to cooperate with the 
Journal Board in promoting the Journal. Chair appointed Miss Milam 
chairman of this committee with power to choose the other members. 

Voted that the Chair appoint a committee to cooperate with the 
advertising manager of the Journal in securing, from home economics 
workers, helpful data for advertising publicity. 

Regional Organization. The plan for regional organization was pre- 
sented, discussed, and modified for presentation to the Association for 
action. (See page 17.) 

Sections. The teaching conference group presented a request for a 
Teaching Section. It was voted that a committee be appointed, inter- 
ested in the problems of teaching home economics, for the purpose of 
providing programs and conference opportunities at the meetings of the 
Association. 

The question of a homemakers' group was presented. It was the 
sense of the Council that if a request should come to the Association from 
the homemakers themselves it would be the spirit of the Association to 
encourage it. 

Voted that Chair appoint a committee on nomenclature for the pur- 
pose of naming sections now existing and others which ought to be 
formed. 

Standardization of Textiles. Miss Birdseye presented a proposed plan 
for the cooperation of the Committee on the Standardization of Textiles 
with the manufacturers of textile fabrics for the purpose of promoting 



12 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept ,-DeC. 

experimentation in order that the A. H. E. A. might endorse certain 
standardized fabrics. 

Voted that this committee be instructed to investigate further the 
opportunities afforded by the Government for carrying out these ideas 
of textile standardization, and also of the use of funds contributed by 
commercial firms to the Bureau of Standards for this purpose, the com- 
mittee to submit a report to the Council in October. 

The Council expressed its cordial appreciation of the work of this 
committee "which has really put the A. H. E. A. on the map." Miss 
Birdseye was requested to carry this message to the Textile Section. 

Officers. Lenna Cooper was appointed secretary, and Mr. Turpin 
was reappointed treasurer. The following were appointed members of 
the Executive Committee: Isabel Bevier, Henrietta Calvin, C. F. Lang- 
worthy, Maude Murchie, Ruth Wardall. 

The Richards Fund Trustees reported that they had elected Mrs. 
Mary H. Abel chairman, and Benjamin R. Andrews secretary-treasurer. 

Status of Dietitians. Resolutions were passed in regard to the status 
of dietitians and Miss White and Miss Cooper were appointed to present 
these resolutions to the surgeon generals of the army and the navy. (See 
resolution IX, page 22.) 

It was recommended that the A. H. E. A. appoint a committee to 
draw up a uniform questionnaire to be sent to hospitals in order to secure 
information as to the type of dietitian required, and from the replies to 
classify the various hospitals. 

Communications. It was announced that Isabel Ely Lord had been 
made a life member of the Association by the Alumnae of Pratt Institute. 
The secretary was instructed to send Miss Lord a letter expressing 
appreciation of her very effective work as chairman of the finance 
committee and also as chairman of the committee on revision of the 
constitution. 

Voted that a letter of appreciation and of regret at her absence be 
sent to Mrs. Norton. 

Greetings from Miss Ravenhill were read. The secretary was asked 
to send Miss Ravenhill a letter of appreciation expressing the best 
wishes of the Council and regret at her absence. 

A message was received from Helen Louise Johnson that she had 
resigned as editor of the General Federation Magazine. Voted that the 
secretary be instructed to express appreciation of her very effective 
service as editor. 

Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 



1920] BUSINESS MEETINGS 13 

BUSINESS MEETINGS 
STANDING COMMITTEES 

Reports were read and accepted from the following standing com- 
mittees. 

The Finance Committee presented the following report: 

The treasurer's report shows a deficit in the period January 1-May 31, 
1920, so that one-third of the surplus from 1919 has been used. This deficit 
is apparently due to the following facts : 

1. The membership campaign late in 1919 meant that many 1920 dues 
were paid in advance, thus lessening receipts in 1920. 

2. The directory (Who's Who) cost $324.88, using almost the full amount 
provided for the Bulletin for the 12 months. 

3. The Textile Committee has used in this five months all the $100 appro- 
priated to them and has drawn almost all the $200 advanced to them. The 
latter is to be repaid. 

The Finance Committee believe that a sound policy regarding the budget 
includes the following points: 

1. That the Association should have at the close of each year a surplus of 
at least $500 as a working balance. 

2. That committee appropriations should not hereafter be decided from 
time to time, as the committees ask for money, but should be considered all 
at one time, at a Council meeting of suitable date, the chairmen of the com- 
mittees being told at least six weeks in advance that all committee appro- 
priations will be made at that time, and that committees asking for appro- 
priations must present a budget (plan for expenditure) for the amount for 
which they ask. The Finance Committee should not make decisions but 
should tell the Council the total amount which in its judgment can be assigned 
for all committee work. The Council alone should decide on the distribution 
of this amount among the Association committees. 

3. That the Association should meet the expense of its officers in attending 
meetings, as follows: Annual Meeting — president, secretary, office secretary; 
meeting with N. E. A. — president, secretary; other Council meetings — presi- 
dent, secretary, and at the discretion of president, office secretary. These 
expenses are a legitimate charge to the Association, and should be provided 
for. If any officer can have his or her expenses paid by an institution or 
state, or if he or she is personally able to bear the expense, the Association 
should pay the bill, and the refund be made to the Association as a gift for 
which the institution or the individual should receive credit. The money 
need not be handled by the Association Treasurer, but the sum should appear 
in both accounts — Receipts under Contributions, and Expenditures under 
Traveling Expenses. 



14 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

Budget for 1920, Ri vised June, 1920 

Estimate of Expenditures Estimate of Receipts 

Rent (one-fifth office) $48.00 Balance from 1919 $1,523.76 

Salaries: one-fifth office assistants, Dues 1 , 546.00 

one-fourth office secretary 650 . 00 Sales, etc 20 . 24 

Clerical assistance, Treasurer 100 . 00 

Clerical assistance, other 100.00 

Postage, stationery, small printing, 

office expense 272 . 00 

Telephone, telegraph 20.00 

Advertising 50 . 00 

Bulletm 600.00 

Annual Meeting 100.00 

Travel of officers 400.00 

Committee on Standardization of 

Textile, appropriation 100.00 

Committee on Exhibits 50 . 00 

Other committees 100 . 00 

Unappropriated balance, to be held 

as surplus 500 . 00 



$3,090.00 $3,090.00 

Note: The $200 underwritten for the Committee on the Standardization of Textiles may 
temporarily lessen the surplus. 

The following comments give the reasons for budget changes: 

1. Telephone and telegraph. From the expenditure January-May, 1920, 
it is evident that the first estimate was too low. 

2. Bulletin. The original apportionment of $350 had been overspent 
$88.34 by May 31. This provides about $170 for the rest of the year — cer- 
tainly none too much with present printing costs. 

3. Travel of Officers. This increase is in accordance with previous state- 
ment of policy. This sum will not cover the whole year, but some meetings 
have already taken place. The Association ought to have $1000 a year for 
this purpose. 

4. Committee on Exhibits. The request came too late for the Finance 
Committee to consult the Council before making the grant. If there was to 
be an exhibit at Colorado Springs an immediate decision was essential. 

5. Other Committees: This allows the beginning of the plan suggested 
earlier in the report. 

6. Under Receipts the amount to be expected from dues has been reduced, 
as the first five months of the year, usually the heaviest on this account, 
brought little more than half of the amount expected for the year. This 
item will have to be studied for several years before a fair average can be 
decided. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Isabel Ely Lord, 
Chairman. 



1920] BUSINESS MEETINGS 15 

Legislative Committee. Report presented by Miss Loomis in the 
absence of Miss Stanley. Following the report recommendations from 
it were acted upon as follows : 

1. Recommended that the Council and the Association reaflfirm the 
action last year in regard to the Fess Bill and that some program be 
outlined for getting the Kenyon Bill in the same form. Voted that the 
matter be referred back to the committee for action. 

2. Recommended that the Association endorse the Child and Maternal 
Welfare Bill and that a committee be appointed to look into the wording 
of the bill so as to see that it will be safeguarded in the states. Voted 
that the Association go on record as endorsing the Sheppard-Towner 
Bill. 

3. Recommended that Miss Birdseye be asked for recommendations 
concerning the Barclay Bill. Motion to that effect carried. 

4. Recommended that if possible arrangements be made for someone 
near or in Washingon to attend the hearings of all the bills, in which the 
American Home Economics Association is interested, and to report to 
the Association, but that said person appointed shall not speak at these 
hearings as representing the Association without special instructions 
from the Association. Motion carried. 

5. Recommended that a cooperative plan be worked out with the 
Pen and Press Committee for better publicity on these bills. Suggested 
that the two committees would confer and make plans in this regard. 

Committee on State Supervision. Report presented by Miss Baylor. 

Report contained no recommendations but constituted a preliminary 
report on a survey inquiring into state supervision. Survey showed 12 
states with whole time supervisors and 34 states with part time super- 
visors. Report represented the work and responsibility outlined for 
state supervisors of home economics according to questionnaire sent 
over the country. 

Voted that the commitee be continued under its present name and 
that it report concerning all phases of supervision, including vocational 
work. 

International Committee. Report presented by Mrs. Calvin. 

Report showed the work carried on for developing and broadening the 
view and work of home economics, making recoimiiendations that the 
committee be continued. 

Recommendation made by the Council that the Association make an 
appropriation of $25.00 to the International Ofl&ce of Home Economics 
was approved by the Association. 



16 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

Pen and Press Committee. Report presented by Miss Milam, in the 
absence of Miss Atwater. 

Voted that the recommendation that the Association adopt the policy, 
followed by many similar organizations, of requesting all speakers on the 
program to prepare copies of their addresses and hand in abstracts before 
given in the meetings be referred with favorable recommendation to 
the program committee. 

Committee on Exhibits. Report presented by Dr. Langworthy in the' 
absence of Miss Hunt. Dr. Langworthy explained the work carried on 
at Washington in regard to a new plan for food charts and posters show- 
ing rations and selection of food, also models of pasteboard showing the 
rationing more graphically. 

Committee on Social Work. Report of progress presented by Miss 
Boyer. 

Thrift Committee. Report presented by Miss Van Meter, acting for 
Miss Wardall. No special report, but request made that various state 
chairmen on Thrift hand in suggestions to her and if convenient a meet- 
ing be arranged during the annual meeting. 

Committee on Educational Research. Presented by Miss Trilling. 

Recommended that name of committee be changed to avoid conflict 
with that of the Committee on Research Information. 

Committee on Research Information. Report presented by Miss Den- 
ton included the following recommendations: 

1. That the work be extended to include the work of the extension 
research committee. 

2. That the Association go on record as approving the Smoot Bill. 
Committee on Revision of Constitution was released on action of 

Council. 

Committee on Vocational Education made no report but the following 
action was taken by the Association: 

Voted that the action of the Council on appointment of the chairman 
of the Vocational Education Committee (i.e., that chairman be same as 
chairman of N. S. V. E.) be rescinded, and that the chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Vocational Education be appointed by the Committee on Com- 
mittees. 

Committee on Data. Miss Field, chairman, presented the following 
recommendations : 

1. That a copy of each Master's thesis in home economics be filed 
in the office of the Association. If this is not feasible that at least the 
title and a brief abstract be so filed. 



1920] BUSINESS MEETINGS 17 

2. That a survey committee be appointed to make a thorough and 
careful study of the actual content of home economics work as now being 
given in normal schools and colleges. The objects in view being (1) to 
secure a definite basis for a better organized and more valuable course 
as a result of comparisons and interchange of ideas, and (2) to have a 
definite and sound basis for accrediting and interchange of students. 
This committee might perhaps be made up of a chairman of the whole 
and a subchairman in each region. It is suggested that each subchairman 
shall be in an institution offering graduate work in both home economics 
and education and that at least one graduate student shall be engaged 
in the study. 

Committee on Opportunities in Home Economics. Report presented by 
Dr. Langworthy. 

SPECIAL COMMITTEES 

The reports of special committees were called for by the president as 
follows : 

Committee on Regional Organization. Report presented by Miss Har- 
ris. The plan as amended and adopted follows: 

I. The Association shall be organized by regions comprising groups of 
states. 

The states shall be divided up into the following regions: 

1. Eastern 4. West Central 

2. Southern 5. Pacific 

3. Central 6. Canadian 

The grouping of states within these regions and any changes in these group- 
ings shall be determined by the Council. 

The states grouped within the regions shall be as follows until such time 
as it will seem advisable for purposes of more effective work to alter the 
grouping of these states: 

1. Eastern: Six New England states and New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- 
vania, Delaware. 

2. Southern: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, 
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, Maryland, 
District of Columbia. 

3. Central: West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Iowa, Kentucky. 

4. West Central: Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South 
Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico. 



18 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

5. Pacific: Arizona, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Cahfornia. 

6. Canadian. 

II. Each region shall have an officer known as ''regional councilor," to 
be elected by the State Presidents when three-fourths of the states in regions 
are organized. Before that time regional councilors are to be appointed by 
the Council of the American Home Economics Association. 

The duties of the regional councilor shall be to develop when possible state 
organizations within the above regions; and to assume responsibility for 
building up and furthering the work of the American Home Economics Asso- 
ciation in the aforesaid regions. 

Recommendations 

1. That states be urged to affiliate as early as possible in order that they 
may have representation on the Council. 

2. That a per capita assessment of 25 cents be made on the state associ- 
ation membership and paid into the American Home Economics Association. 

3. That plans be developed by which the state association in the regional 
organization secure the full value of the membership fee and the per capita 
assessment. Some suggestions for such plans are 

a. That minutes of the Council meeting be sent regularly to the Council 
representative of each state association. 

b. That the projects which the American Home Economics Association is 
emphasizing be turned over to the state associations (through the regional 
organization or directly) and the state association be urged to further these 
projects. 

c. That state associations receive some sort of a news letter giving brief 
reports of activities of other state associations. 

d. That in states where there is no state organization some machinery be 
set up by the American Home Economics Association which is acceptable to 
the members of the National Association in the state until the state organi- 
zation is effected. 

4. That the undergraduate associations, such as the college, normal and 
high school associations, be urged to affiliate with the state association and to 
maintain a financial relationship similar in method to that of the state asso- 
ciation to the National Association. 

That the state association be urged to consider the development of these 
undergraduate associations as part of its responsibility and to make plans 
accordingly. 

5. That the Association at this time provide for a committee or committees 
to continue the work of regional and state organization with a view to putting 
into operation during the next year as many of the above recommendations 
as the Association considers wise. 



1920] BUSINESS MEETINGS 19 

Voted that the plan or the regional scheme be made a part of the 
by-laws of the Association. 

Voted that the present Committee on Regional Organization be 
continued. 

Committee on Constantinople Fund. Miss Marlatt, chairman, reported 
$4813.65 collected to date, and read the contributions by districts and 
by states. Additional pledges were given as follows: Phi Epsilon Omi- 
cron. Misses Ward, McCheyne, Warren, Baylor, Fisher, Loomis, Bevier, 
Snow, Sawyer, Mason, Mathews, Cape, and Dr. Langworthy, all con- 
tributed further. 

Voted that the Association give a rising vote of thanks to Miss Marlatt 
in appreciation of her work on the collection of the Constantinople Fund. 

Nominating Committee. The following nominations were made: 
President, Mary E. Sweeny; Vice-presidents, Edna N. White, Isabel E. 
Lord; Council (5 members), Inga M. K. Allison, Isabel Bevier, Mary 
Kelso, Abby Marlatt, Helen Thompson. The ticket was elected. 

Committee on Committees. Miss Raitt, Chairman, presented the nom- 
inations which were accepted. (For committees see page 30.) 

Committee on Suggestions for Program Committee. Report presented 
by Miss Bevier. It is suggested that the program consist of two kinds 
of meetings: General and Sectional. 

The general program should deal with the larger aspects of home 
economics. The sectional meetings should be limited to the technical 
aspects of the subject, leaving other aspects for the general session. 
Sectional meetings should be held as necessary but no section may have 
more than two scheduled. Each section should provide one speaker for 
the general session. 

The cause of home economics will be greatly helped if the people who 
prepare papers have them in shape for the publicity committee as soon 
as read. 

Report adopted to be sent to the program committee as instructions 
from the Association. 

The following suggestion for the program committee was received from 
Miss Warren : It seemed to some of those attending the conference this 
year unfortunate that there was no place on the program for a discussion 
of the home economics phases of Boys' and Girls' Club Work. There 
were five state club leaders in attendance. May I suggest that this 
phase of work be considered by the Program Committee? 



20 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

SECTIONS 

Science Section. Report presented by Dr. Thompson, chairman. 

It was voted by the Section to organize a committee, one member to 
be chosen from each region, to promote cooperative research by exchange 
of ideas and Kbrary material. Committee appointed: Eastern — Mary S. 
Rose; Southern — Ruth Wheeler; Central — Katherine Blunt; West Central 
— ^Helen B. Thompson; Pacific — Agnes Fay Morgan, Chairman. 

In view of the fact that a large amount of scientific work would be 
excluded by so limiting the name by changing from Science to "Food and 
Nutrition" (as has been suggested), this section respectfully requests 
the Council to defer action on this matter until other sections which 
may be under development are organized and named. 

Extension Section. Report presented by Mrs. Barnes, secretary. 

The Committee on Resolutions from the Extension Section submit the 
following: That summer courses for the training of Home Demonstra- 
tion Agents and of subject matter specialists be held in districts composed 
of contiguous states so that there will be training centers accessible for 
all workers. To the end that this should be done effectively it is sug- 
gested that those in authority confer so that these centers may be lo- 
cated at such time and places as shall best serve. That since subject 
matter to be used in a state should represent the highest possible stand- 
ard, all subject matter for use in extension service should be prepared 
in cooperation with the subject matter department in charge of the 
subject. 

Resolved, That we as a committee recognize the valuable work done 
by the Committee on Standardization of Textiles and desire to express to 
the chairman thereof our appreciation of her untiring and successful 
efforts in securing the results evidenced by her report. 

Resolved, That as a committee we express our sincere appreciation to 
the chairman of the Extension Section for the instructive and interesting 
program prepared and for the able manner in which the meeting was 
conducted. 

The Section recommends: That there be more women specialists to 
help home demonstration agents. That better salaries be secured for 
home demonstration agents, remembering that salaries will have to come 
from local aid. 

The Section suggests that campaigns be inaugurated for the purpose 
of placing extension work before college students; of securing more ade- 



1920] RESOLUTIONS 21 

quate courses for training extension workers; and of securing increased 
salaries for extension workers. 

The following Extension Publicity Committee was appointed: South — 
Ola Powell, Susie Powell, Mary Creswell, Laura Neale; North — Abby 
Marlatt; Laura Comstock, Grace Frysinger, Bess Rowe. 

OTHER BUSINESS 

Affiliated Associations. Voted that the change be made in the by-laws 
as proposed in the March Bulletin requiring affiliated associations to 
pay annual dues of $5.00 and to have at least ten members who are mem- 
bers of the A. H. E. A. 

Communications. The following actions were taken in regard to 
various suggestions and communications: 

A letter from Miss Pritchett, calling attention to the tendency to 
place teacher training in health education in charge of the physical train- 
ing department, was referred to the Resolutions Committee. This com- 
mittee reported that it did not wish to recommend that the Association 
attempt to influence the administration of educational institutions in 
matters of local policy. 

Voted that the Association affiliate with the General Federation of 
Women's Clubs. 

Voted that the Association send a message of good wiU, congratula- 
tions, and good wishes for the success of the new School of Agriculture 
and Home Economics in Belgium. 

Voted that a committee be appointed to cooperate with a committee 
representing trade and industrial education of women from the N. S. V. 
E. ; said committee to present a preliminary joint report in February to 
both the A. H. E. A. and the N. S. V. E., and also at the annual meeting 
of the A. H. E. A. in June, 1921. Maud Murchie was appointed chairman 
to select her own committee. 

Cora M. Winchell, 

Secretary. 

RESOLUTIONS PASSED AT THE TfflRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 

I. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. expresses its appreciation to Miss Alli- 
son and to her assistants for the excellent arrangements they made for 
the comfort and convenience of the Association and their continued 
and successful efforts in promoting the pleasure of all in attendance. (A 
rising vote of thanks was given.) 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

II. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. expresses its appreciation to the 
Colorado Springs Chamber of Commerce for the valuable assistance ren- 
dered the local committee of home economics women in making the annual 
meeting of the A. H. E. A. one long to be remembered for its pleasures 
and for the excellent arrangements made for the convenience of the 
members in attendance. 

III. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. expresses its appreciation to the 
Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund for sending Dr. Hedger as a 
speaker. Her address was greatly enjoyed and the material presented 
was of such character that we feel that the Association as a whole gained 
much of value from it. 

IV. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. expresses its sincere thanks to the 
N. E. A. for sending Dr. Hugh Magill whose excellent address was greatly 
appreciated, and whose presentation of the present conditions of public 
education was most clear and forceful. 

V. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. expresses its thanks to the speakers 
on the program who have so ably assisted in making this meeting a 
success. 

VI. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. endorses the Smoot Bill for the 
appropriation of federal funds for home economics research at agricul- 
tural and experiment stations, provided this so-called Smoot measure 
be re-introduced without substantial or important changes, or with 
such changes as the Legislative Committee may be able to approve. 

VII. Resolved, That the research committees of the different sec- 
tions of the Association be requested to assist in the collection of material 
designed to set forth the nature of the most pressing home economics 
problems which need investigation, and the benefits which would accrue 
from the solution of these in order that the members of Congress may be 
made to realize the importance of such investigations. (This resolu- 
tion was submitted by the Committee on Research Information.) 

VIII. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. cooperate with various agencies 
in an effort to secure such textile legislation as will not only tend to pro- 
tect purchasers of fabrics but will also encourage increased production 
in America of raw textile fibres. 

IX. The A. H. E. A., as the representative of the schools and colleges 
in which dietitians for hospital service are trained, recognizes that the 
army and navy are losing and cannot replace the best type of trained 
dietitians owing to the lack of authority which now exists and which is 
the natural result of the present non-military status of dietitians. 



1920] RESOLUTIONS 23 

It is therefore recommended that the necessary steps be taken to 
enact such legislation as will give to dietitians military rank. 

It is further recommended, that, during the necessary interim before 
such legislation can be enacted, there be appointed a properly trained and 
experienced supervising dietitian whose duty it shall be to inspect and 
improve army hospital food conditions, and to whom the dietitians may 
report for suggestions and assistance. This Association, recognizing 
that the war department is Hmited in its funds for such service by trained 
dietitians because of insufficient appropriations, suggests that one 
method of securing and recompensing such efficient dietitians would be 
to assign to them, in addition to their present responsibiHties, the duties 
of the mess officer for which their training and experience qualify them. 

X. Whereas, Federal funds appropriated for extension service for 
men and women have been in the past unequally divided; be it 

Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. goes on record as approving and endors- 
ing the resolution adopted at the Home Economics meeting of the 
Association of Land-Grant Colleges, November, 1919: namely, that there 
should be an equal division of any funds in future appropriated for 
extension service; and be it further 

Resolved, That this Association, believing that the advancement of 
agricultural production in the country depends equally upon men and 
women, further recommends the adoption of the same policy in division 
of both state and federal funds used in extension work in rural communi- 
ties. Copies of this resolution shall be presented to the Secretary of 
Agriculture, the Director of the States Relations Service, the Chiefs of 
Divisions of Extension Service South and Extension Service North and 
West, the director of Extension Service in each state, the National 
Board of Farm Organizations, and the Chairmen of the Agriculture 
Committees of the House and of the Senate. 

XI. Whereas, There are over 2400 domestic users of natural gas in 
the United States and the United States Government investigations have 
shown that the demand for natural gas during cold weather is greater 
than the available supply, which condition is in part due to the wasteful 
methods of use by domestic consumers, and whereas the National Com- 
mittee on Natural Gas Conservation has recently unanimously made 
recommendations which if enforced would result in more economic use 
and in improved service; therefore be it 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. endorses and approves the recommen- 
dations of the National Committee pertaining to the use of gas in the 
home; and be it further 

Resolved, That, in the interest of the best, just, reasonable, safe, ade- 
quate, and sufficient service of the natural gas using homes, we ask the 
Governors and the Utility Commissions of all the natural gas using states 
to take steps to immediately carry out and put in force the recommenda- 
tion of the National Committee on Natural Gas Conservation, and that 
the Secretary of this Association be directed to transmit a copy of this 
resolution to the Governor and to the Utilities Commission of every 
natural gas using state, and also release same to the public press. 

XII. Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. go on record as approving the 
introductory statements of the report presented by Miss Murtland as 
representative of the N. S. V. E.; and be it further 

Resolved, That the A. H. E. A. go on record as favoring a just division 
of federal appropriations for trade and industrial education in order that 
the interests of girls and women in industry may be properly considered 
and their education be more adequately supported. 

Resolved, That it is the consensus of opinion of the A. H. E. A. that in 
the vocational education of women in industry the educational value of 
extra-mural training in the shops, factories, and offices is of equal rank 
with that given within the four walls of the school building, and that it 
should be organized and supervised. 



COUNCIL MEETING 

Springfield, Mass., October 20, 1920 

Members and guests present: Miss Sweeny presiding; Mrs. Norton 
and Mrs. Calvin, Misses White, Blood, Richardson, Weigley, Ward, 
Thompson, Denton, Birdseye, Van Rensselaer, Lanman, Kauffman, 
Skinner, Sayles, Baldwin. 

Miss Weigley was appointed secretary pro tem in the absence of Miss 
Cooper. It was decided to omit the reading of the minutes of the last 
Council meeting. 

Treasurer's Report. The report of the treasurer was read by Miss 
Sweeny. 



1920] 



COUNCIL MEETING 



25 



TRIAL BALANCE AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 



Dr. 

Cash 

Baltimore Trust Co. Sav. Dept. 

R. M. F. Trustees 

Equipment 

Association : 

Data Committee 

Salaries, clerical 

Travel 

Printing and stationery 

Postage 

Telegraph and telephone . . . . 

Bulletin 

Annual Meeting 

Office expense 

Advertising 

Textile Committee 

International office 

Journal: 

Salaries, officers 

Travel 

Printing and stationery 

Office expense 

Distribution 

Postage 

Discount to news dealers . . . . 
Joint: 

Salaries officers 

Salaries clerical assistants 

Rent 

Postage 

Telegraph and telephone . . . . 

Office expense 

Printing and stationery 

Advertising 

Refunds — Excess payments . . . . 

Exchange 

Petty Cash Miss Winchell 

Petty Cash Miss Baldwin 

Petty Cash Miss Cooper 



$474.83 

631.41 

4,070.56 

254.32 

41.95 
83.14 

226.82 

71.04 

24.20 

5.41 

712.23 

114.64 
56.73 
31.50 

300.00 
25.00 

900.00 

118.67 

67.50 

10.15 

6,448.83 

15.60 

179.57 

1,350.00 

903.23 

180.00 

201.06 

32.68 

81.96 

38.01 

5.00 

3.80 

1.68 

11.95 

37.99 

25.00 



Cr. 

Surplus $3,360.10 

R.M.F 4,305.87 

Institution Section 101 .84 

Life Membership 285 .00 

Association: 

Dues 1,015.00 

Legislative Fund 280.29 

Publications 1 .00 

Journal: 

Numbers 180.02 

Reprints 94 . 14 

Advertising 1,850.63 

Subscriptions 5,793.21 

Books .87 

Club agents 2.35 

R. M. F. Publications 429.86 

Interest on Savings Acct. from 

June 30, 19 19, to June 30, 1920 36 . 30 



$17,736.48 



$17,736.48 



26 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 



STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS, JANUARY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1920 



xpenditures: 

Salaries 

Travel 

Printing and stationery 

Postage 

Telegraph and telephone . . . . 

Rent 

Bulletin 

Annual Meeting 


Association 

Receipts: 

. $601.28 Dues 

226.82 Publications 

78.64 

64.41 

11.95 

36.00 
712.23 
114.64 

73.12 

32.50 
300.00 

41.95 

25.00 


$1,015.00 

1.00 


$1,016.00 


Office expense 

Advertising 

Textile Committee 




Data Committee 




International Office 









$2,318.54 Deficit: $1,302.54 



Journal 



Expenditures: 

Salaries $2,635.09 

Travel 118.67 

Printing and stationery 97 .91 

Office expense 75 . 72 

Journal Distribution 6, 269 . 26 

Postage 176.45 

Rent 144.00 

Telegraph and telephone 26. 14 



Receipts: 

Subscriptions $5 , 793 . 21 

Advertising 1 ,850.63 

Reprints 94 . 14 

Numbers 180.02 

Books .87 



$7,918.87 



Advertising. 



4.00 



$9,547.24 Deficit: $1,628.37 

The financial statement shows a deficit for the operations for the part 
of the fiscal year — January 1 to September 30 — but it is expected that 
this will be taken care of by the receipts for the balance of this year, and 
by the surplus of last year which was partly due to advance payment of 
1920 fees. Voted that this statement be sent out in explanation of the 
apparent deficit. 

Request of Advertising Manager of Journal. The request of the adver- 
tising manager of the Journal was presented again, as no letters had been 
received by him from those in a position to spend money for equipment 
and materials that should be advertised in the Journal. The discussion 
included suggestions for using state organizations and for securing state- 
ments by sending out return postcards. Voted to send the postcards. 



1920] COUNCIL MEETING 27 

Report of Legislative Committee. In the absence of Miss Stanley, Miss 
White reported for the Legislative Committee. She reminded the Coun- 
cil of the importance of pressing the Fess Bill. 

A letter from Miss Stanley reported that letters had been sent to all 
state chairmen; that the Legislative Committee wished suggestions for 
cooperation with the Pen and Press Committee in securing publicity; 
and that clauses advocating additional appropriation for home econom- 
ics had been written into the platforms of three of the pohtical parties. 

It was voted that a committee (the president to be a member) be 
appointed to call upon the Secretary of the Interior with the request that 
the work of the Home Economics SpeciaKst in the Bureau of Education 
be put upon a permanent basis and developed. 

It was voted that the same committee call upon the Secretary of Agri- 
culture with special recommendations in regard to the home economics 
work in the Department of Agriculture. 

Miss Birdseye asked for the opinion of the Council in regard to the 
Barclay Bill. As it was thought that the Council had already approved 
this bill, no further action was taken. 

Mrs. Calvin suggested the importance of watching for the appearance 
of old bills under new names in the new Congress. 

Report of Regional Organization Committee. Miss Weigley reported 
the progress of the regional plan adopted at the Colorado meeting. 

The appointment of Miss Edith Thomas as the Regional Councilor 
for the South was ratified. 

Miss Weigley's report was accepted and she was empowered to add 
to her committee as needed. 

Report of Journal Board. Mrs. Norton presented the Journal Board 
report. This included the announcement of Miss Ryley's resignation, 
and the question of raising the subscription price, of combining subscrip- 
tion and membership, of the importance of securing more subscriptions. 

The Council appointed Miss Gunther to fill Miss Ryley's place, and 
approved of raising the subscription to $2.50 and student subscription 
to $1.25. Mrs. Norton reported that the Journal is being more and 
more widely quoted. The possibility of placing the advertising in the 
hands of the office was discussed. Sentiment was in favor of retaining 
the advertising manager. 

Appropriation to International Office. Miss Sweeny reported that 
the $25.00 appropriated had been sent to the International Office of 
Home Economics and a very gracious reply received. 



28 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 

The letter announced that the International Conference would be held 
at Strassburg in 1921, and requested that we send a representative. 
Miss White was appointed. 

Committee for General Federation of Women's Clubs. Miss Sweeny an- 
nounced the committee to represent the Association as an affiliated asso- 
ciation with the General Federation of Women's Clubs as follows : Miss 
Mathews, chairman. Miss Weigley, Miss Harris. 

Annual Meeting. The Chair presented the matter of the place of the 
next annual meeting. Announcement was made of invitations from New 
York, Philadelphia, Springfield, and Ithaca. Various places in New 
England were discussed. It was voted to appoint a committee repre- 
senting New England and request them to report not later than Decem- 
ber 1 . The time for the annual meeting was left to be decided at the 
February meeting. 

Affiliation of Y. W.C. A. Miss Sweeny called attention to the request 
of the Y. W. C. A. presented at Colorado Springs, asking for representa- 
tion on the Council. Affiliation was discussed, but since the Y, W. C. A. 
does not meet the requirements for affiliation, the matter was laid on 
the table. 

Richards Memorial Fund Trustees. It was voted that the Chair appoint 
new members of R. M. F. Trustees. 

Plan of Textile Standardization Committee. Miss Birdseye then pre- 
sented the Textile Standardization Committee plan, which had been 
referred back to the Committee for further investigation. The Bureau 
of Standards was found to be equipped for the research required. The 
National Research Council might also assist if funds were available. 
Dr. True and Mr. Crawford had been consulted. 

Miss Birdseye wished to know whether the Council would authorize 
her committee to proceed with plans for cooperating with manufactur- 
ers in protecting consumers by setting up minimum standards and 
stamping goods with a symbol that represented those standards. The 
sense of the Council as indicated by the discussion that foUowed was that 
the matter needed further consideration before involving the name of 
the Association. 

It was voted that the President appoint a committee to investigate 
the proposed cooperation and report to the Council. 

Communications. A request from the Institute of Public Service for 
a copy of our directory was laid on the table, as was also a request from 
the World Metric Standardization Council for indorsement of their plans. 



1920] COUNCIL MEETING 29 

A request from the Y. M. C. A, for indorsement of thrift week was 
granted. 

A request from the National Sheep and Wool Bureau for indorsement 
of French-Capper Bill was referred to the Legislative Committee. 

New Appointments and Other Business. Miss Weigley asked to be 
released as chairman of the Program Committee, and the president was 
empowered to fill the vacancy. 

The Secretary was requested to send an expression of sympathy from 
the Council to Miss Cooper and Mrs. Dewey. 

Miss Blester was appointed as acting secretary until Miss Cooper 
could resume her duties. 

It was decided to combine Bulletins 3 and 4 in order to save expense 
and avoid further delay. 

Mildred Weigley, 
Secretary pro tern. 



30 



BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Sept.-DeC. 



SECTIONS AND COMMITTEES OF THE A. H. E. A. 



Institution Economics 

Mrs. Melvil Dewey, Honorary Chairman 
Nola Treat, Chairman 
Esther Ackerson, Secretary 

Science 

Minna Denton, Chairman 
Margaret Sawyer, Secretary 



Extension Education 

Ola Powell, Chairman 
Miriam Haynes, Secretary 

Textile 

Lillian Peek, Chairman 
Ethel Phelps, Secretary 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



Journal Board 



Vocational Education 



Mrs. Alice P. Norton, Editor 

Keturah E. Baldwin, Business Editor 

Mrs. Mary Hinman Abel 

C. F. Langworthy 

Amy Daniels 

Ruth Wheeler 

Emma Gunther 

Legislation 

Louise Stanley, Chairman 
Jessie Harris 
Jessie Whitacre 
S. P. Breckinridge 
Marion Van Liew 

State Supervision 

Edith M. Thomas, Chairman 

Etta P. Flagg 

Mrs. Maude G. Adams 

International Committee on Teaching Home 

Economics 
B. R. Andrews, Chairman 
Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 
Anna E. Richardson 
Mary Urie Watson 
Isabel Bevier 
Ada Field 

Educational Research 

Florence Williams, Chairman 
Dean Charters 
Grace Hood 

Research Information 
Minna Denton, Chairman 
Chairmen of Sections 



Alice Loomis, Chairman 
Anna M. Cooley 
Martha Thomas 
Helen Hildreth 
Florence Harrison 
Mabel Wellman 

Pen and Press 

Helen Atwater, Chairman 
Helen Louise Johnson 
Lillian Tingle 
Harriet Mason 
Ava Milam 
Agnes Craig 

Finance 

Sarah MacLeod, Chairman 
Nina Crigler 
Susie V. Powell 
Mrs. Ellen P. Dabney 
Mabel Patrick 
H. Gale Turpin 

Exhibits 

Caroline Hunt, Chairman 

H. Helen Higgins 

Annie Thompson 

Jessie Hoover 

Mrs. Elizabeth MacDonald 

Lillian Tingle 

Mrs. Charles Greene 

Social Work 

Lucy Gillett, Chairman 
Margaret Sawyer 
Fern Reamer 



1920] 



COMMITTEES 



31 



Thrift 

Ruth Wardall, Chairman 
Katherine Jensen 
Anna Van Meter 
Martha Van Renssaelaer 



Time and Place of Meeting 

Bertha Terrill, Chairman 
Ula Dow 
Edna Skinner 



Program 

Alice Blood, Chairman 
Chairmen of Sections 



SPECIAL COMMITTEES 



Regional Scheme 

Mildred Weigley, Chairman 
Ava B. Milam 
Agnes Ellen Harris 
Mary Parker 
Isabel Ely Lord 

Commercial Exhibit 

Mrs. Louise Browne, Chairman 
(Members to be chosen) 

Constantinople Fund 

Abby Marlatt, Chairman 
Isabel Ely Lord 
Agnes Ellen Harris 
Isabel Bevier 
Alice M. Loomis 
Ava B. Milam 

Survey of Home Economics Courses 

Flora Rose, Chairman 
Ethelwyn Miller 
Mary Swartz Rose 
Anna Richardson 
Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 

Textile Cooperation 

Anna Cooley, Chairman 
Anna Richardson 
Miriam Birdseye 
C. F. Langworthy 
Mrs. Grace G. Matthews 



Data Regarding Home Economics Courses 

Ada Field, Chairman 
Katharine Blunt 
Bertha Terrill 

Teaching 

Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, Chairman 
(Members to be chosen) 

Promoting the Journal 

Ava. B. Milam, Chairman 
(Members to be chosen) 

Advertising Publicity 

Anna Williams, Chairman 
Florence Redifer 

Nomenclature of Sections 

Mrs. Agnes Morgan, Chairman 
Mrs. Henrietta Calvin 
Cora M. Winchell 

Opportunities in Home Economics 

C. F. Langworthy, Chairman 
Helen Atwater 
Ruth Wardall 
Antoinette Roof 
Ruth Wheeler 
Louise Stanley 
S. P. Breckinridge 
Dorothy Reed Mendenhall 



Cooperating with N. S. V. E. 

Maude Murchie, Chairman 
(Members to be chosen) 



The American Home Economics Association 

Oeganizeo) Dec. 31, 1908. iNcoRPORATEa) May 12, 1909. 

The American Home Economics Associatioa exists for the purpose of bringing together those interested in the bettering 
of conditions in the home, the school, the public institution, and the community. 
Membership Dues: Annual $2.00; Life $50.00. 



PRESroENT 

MARY E. SWEENY, 
Mich. Agricultural College, E. Lansing 

Vic E-P ElESID ENTS 

C. F. LANGWORTHY, 
U. S. Dept. Agr , Washington, D. C. 

EDNA N. WHITE, 
Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit, Mich. 

ISABEL ELY LORD, 
176 Emerson Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



Secretary 
LENNA F. COOPER, 
Battle Creek Sanitarium, 
Battle Creek, Mich. 
Office Secretary 
KETURAH E. BALDWIN, 
1211 Cathedral St., 
Baltimore, Md. 



Treasurer 

H. GALE TURPIN, 

Baltimore Trust Company, Baltimore 

Chairman, Finance Committee 

SARAH J. MAC LEOD, 

Society for Savings, Cleveland, Ohio 

Editor of the Jocenal 

MRS. ALICE P. NORTON. 

1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
The Executive Committee is composed of the following members: The president, three vice-presidents, secretary, treas- 
urer, the editor of the Journal and the office secretary, ex officio, and five additional members of the Council, chosen by the 
Council, viz.: Isabel Bevier, Henrietta Calvin, C. F. Langworthy, Maude Murchie, Ruth Wardall. 



Effie Raitt, 

University of Washington. 
Seattle, Wash. 

EmEUNE WmTCOMB, 

University of Montana, 
Missoula, Mont. 

ElOIA WiNSLOW, 

Teachers College, 
New York City 
Ada Field, 

George Peabody College, 
Nashville, Tenn. 



Madoe McRcaiE, 

State Board of Educ, 
Sacramento, Cal. 
Florence Ward, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., 

Washington, D. C. 



COUNCILORS AT LARGE 
TERMS EXPIRE 1921 
Rdth Wardall, 

University of Iowa, 
Iowa City, Iowa 

Mary E. Matthews, 
Purdue University, 
LaFayette, Ind. 
TERMS EXPIRE 1922 
Jenny H. Snow, 

Su|)'v'r Household Arts, 
Chicago, 111. 

Grace Denny, 

Univ. of Washington, 
Seattle 

TERMS EXPIRE 1923 
AucE Ravenhill, 
23 Dallas Ave., 
Victoria, B.C. 
Mary Gearing 

University of Texas, 
Austin. 



Mrs. Charles W. Greene. 
814 Columbia Ave., 

Columbia, Mo. 



Caelotta Gbeer, 

E. Tech. High School, 
Cleveland, Ohio 



E. V. McCollum, 

Johns Hopkins University , 
Baltimore, Md. 



TERMS EXPIRE 1924 
Alice F. Blood, Cara Harris, 

Simmons College, Court House, 

Boston Memphis, Tenn. 

Anna Richardson, Ava Milam, 

Federal Board for Vocational Education, Oregon Agricultural College, 

Washington Corvallis 



Mildred Weigley, 
Univ. of Minn., 

Univ. Farm, St. Paul 



IsabelBevier, 

Univ. of Illinois, 
Urbana 

Abby Marlatt, 
Univ. of Wis., 
Madison 



TERMS EXPIRE 1925 
Inga M. K. Allison, 
Colo. Agr. College, 
Ft. Collins 

Mary L. Kelso, 

Manitoba Agr. College, 
Winnipeg 



Helen Thompson, 

Kan. State Agr. Coll 
Manhattan 



SECTIONAL COUNCILORS 
Institution Economics Section: Mrs Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid Club.N.Y .; Nola Treat, University ofvMinn.,St.Paul,Minn. 
Science Section: Minna Denton, Office of Home Economics, U S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. 
Extension Section: Ola Powell, Office of Extension Work South, Washington, D. C. 
Textile Section: Lillian Peek, Capitol Station, Austin, Texas 

REPRESENTATIVE COUNCILORS 
One representative councilor may be chosen by each affiliated association. 

TRUSTEES OF THE ELLEN H. RICHARDS MEMORIAL FUND 
TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1921 
Elizabeth Condft, Robert H. Richards, 



Mbs. Mary H. Abel, 
1101 N. Calvert St. 
Baltimore, Md. 



Pratt Institute, 
Brooklyn. N. Y 



32 Eliot St., 
Jamaica Plain, Mass. 



Benjamin R. Andrews, 
Teachers College, 
New York City, 
(Secretary and Treasurer) 

Martha Van Rensselaer, 

Cornell University, 

Ithaca, N. Y. 



TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1, 1922 
Katharine Blunt, Mrs. Henrietta W. Calvin 

University of Chicago Bureau of Education, 

Washington, D. C. 

TERMS EXPIRE JANUARY 1. 1923 
Mrs. Annie Dewey, Anna Barrows, 

Lake Placid Club, Teachers College, 

Lake Placid, N. Y. New York City 



Marion Talbot, 
University of Chicago, 
Chicago, III. 



Louise Stanley, 

Univ. of Mo., 

Columbia 



Bertha M. Terkiu., 
Univ. of Vermont, 
Burlington, Vt. 



BULLETIN 

OF THE 

American Home Economics Association 

HOME INSTITUTION SCHOOL 

Published four times a year by the American Home Economics Association 
1211 Cathedral Street, Baltimore, Md. 

Entered as second-class matter July 29, 1919, at the Post Office at Baltimore, Md. 

Series 7 JUNE, 1921 No. 2 

FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 

Why go to Swampscott? Three arguments usually combine to 
bring members to the annual meetings of their organizations: first, the 
program and the new facts and theories which it presents; second, 
enjoyable and profitable contact with those who are doing work similar 
to one's own; and third, the chance of a good time "on the side." The 
purpose of this article is to urge every member of the American Home 
Economics Asssociation to consider all three reasons before she decides 
against going to the Fourteenth Annual Meeting at Swampscott. 

Any one who knows the success of the February meeting at Atlantic 
City is ready to trust Dr. Blood's committee to provide a program in 
which the various phases of home economics work will all be^jrepresented 
but which will at the same time give a sense of general unity and bal- 
ance, — one from which a few famous lions will roar engagin^flj^d. dur- 
ing which the most modest among the members may h^K^ a d^migx^^le ^4 
chance to air her views in general 'discussion. >^^ ., ■ j^ 

The faithful attendants at Association meetings know tnoJ^^^i^Bigia 
advantages of coming into personal relations with their home economics 
colleagues, but these may not be so plain to the new recruits and the 



21 



22 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [Juiie 

habitual stay-aways. It is not merely that one meets those whose 
names are familiar in books and journals and college catalogues but 
that from chance chats one learns much of the general drift of pro- 
fessional thought, the consensus and variations of professional opinion, 
and the sources of the best professional influence. Moreover as one 
joins in the discussions, the voting, and the informal give-and-take of 
talk about headquarters, one comes to feel oneself an integral part of 
an influential organization with a vital share in shaping its policies. 
We are sometimes told that home economics workers are handicapped 
by a lack of professional spirit. Is there any better way to develop a 
professional spirit than to spend a few days as an active part of our 
largest professional group? 

As for the good times "on the side" at Swampscott, every one who 
knows New England knows how many people year after year bear 
testimony to the delights of the famous North Shore, its cool ocean 
breezes, its fine bathing, its picturesque rocks and smooth beaches, and 
its wealth of historical and Hterary associations. Among its hotels the 
New Ocean House ranks high in comfort, and convenience. Boston is 
less than an hour away, with good train and trolley service, so that day 
and half -day excursions to town can be easily arranged. The local 
committee is planning trips of special professional interest to such 
Boston institutions as the Nutrition Laboratory of the Carnegie Insti- 
tution, cafeterias and hospitals, textile collections in the Museum of 
Fine Arts, Simmons College, the Women's City Club, and Denison 
House Settlement. 

Information will be available at the New Ocean House as to how one 
may best visit such points of general interest as the Boston Public 
Library with its famous frescoes by Sargent, Abbey, and Puvis de 
Chavannes, the Old North Church and Burying Ground, with their 
colonial and revolutionary traditions, or Harvard University, and the 
interesting houses of Cambridge. 

On the coast, four miles south of Swampscott, is Nahant, formerly 
the summer home of Longfellow, Motley, and Prescott, and now that 
of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge; while not much farther to the north 
are Salem and Marblehead, both full of historic interest, with old-time 
homes furnished as in the days when the East India trade flourished, 
and giving to their visitors a vivid idea of fonner manners and customs. 
To a student of household arts a visit to those open to the public and 
to the museum at Salem is worth more than hours of reading; and 



1921] PROGRAM OF FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 23 

how about buying a "Jim Crow" in the shop of the House of Seven 
Gables, now faithfully restored? Scattered along the roads are many 
tea-houses, interesting both for their location and for the different t}^es 
of management they represent. 

Longer trips by train or motor may be arranged through well-known 
suburbs to Concord and Lexington, with their battle monuments and 
their associations with New England Hterature, or southward to Ply- 
mouth, which is just as interesting as last year though the tercentenary 
crowds are gone. Northward one can visit Gloucester perhaps going 
one way by the shore boulevards through Beverly, Pride's Crossing, 
Manchester, and Magnolia, where beautiful modern homes vie in allure- 
ment with the shops of famous city firms; and the other way by inland 
roads and country scenery; and if one has a whole day one may stop in 
Gloucester long enough to \'isit the artist's colony and the gallery on 
the moors of Cape Ann, watch the yachts in the harbor, and possibly 
catch the flavor of the modern fishing trade by a visit to a canning 
factory. 

To make sure that every one gets a sample of these possibilities, the 
Committee has included on the program arrangements a general picnic 
supper on the beach, one general sight-seeing trip in town, and a 
motor trip to Gloucester. 

Undoubtedly it costs money to come to the meetings, but remember 
that they are at a time when many of us need a change and cooling off 
and when they can be combined with the Fourth of July holiday. 
Moreover, if one considers the three kinds of satisfaction that they 
may give, is not the real question, "Can I afford not to go?" 

H. W. A. 

PROGRAM 

Fourteenth Annual Meeting 

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION 

New Ocean House, Swampscott, Massachusetts, June 27-30, 1921 

monday, june 27 

10.00 a.m. Council Meeting 
2.30 p.m. Opening Session. Mary Sweeny, President, presiding 

The American Home Essential to the Maintenance of American Ideals 

Sarah Louise Arnold, Dean Emerita, Simmons College 
The Necessitj' of the Extension of Home Economics Teaching 

Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education, Massachusetts 



24 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [junC 

8.00 p.m. General Session, with the New England Home Economics Association. 

Antoinette Roof, presiding 

The Place of the Nutrition Worker in the Health Program 

Bailey B. Burritt, General Director, Assn. for Improving the Condition of the Poor 
Home Economics Women and the Press 

Martha Van Rensselaer, Cornell Universitj'' 

TUESDAY, JUNE 28 

Professional trips in the morning 
2.30 p.m. Extension Section. Madge Reese, presiding 

Reasons for Rapid Development of Home Demonstration Work 

Margaret A. Ambrose, Asst. Director Home Demonstration Work, Knoxville, Tenn 

Marie Sayles, State Home Demonstration Leader, Ohio 
How Club Work Prepares Girls for Earning a Livelihood as well as for Womanhood 

Elsie Trabue, State Leader of Girls' Clubs, Connecticut 

Jane S. McKimmon, State Home Demonstration Agent, North Carolina 
Advanced Plans for the 1921 Home Demonstration Program of Work 

Ida S. Harrington, State Home Demonstration Agent, Rhode Island 

Laura F. Neale, State Home Demonstration Agent, Texas 
Committee's Report " Training and Maintenance of Home Demonstration Agents" 

2.30 p.m. Round Table, Committee on Teaching. Henrietta Calvin, presiding 

Experiments in Coordinating Home Economics Instruction with Home Life Experience 
Etta Flagg, Supervisor of Home Economics, Public Schools, Los Angeles 
Edna Groves, Supervisor of Home Economics, Public Schools, Portland 
Helen Lee Davis, Professor of Household Arts, Oregon Agricultural College 

Teaching Foods in Rural Schools 

Cara Harris, Supervisor of Home Economics, Shelby County, Tenn. 

Problems in Continuation Classes 

Ellen Miller, Merrill-Palmer School, Detroit, Mich. 

Committee Report on Essentials of Equipment and Rooms for Teaching Home Economics 
Mrs. Calvin, U. S. Dept. of Education 

5.00 p.m. Picnic Supper 
8.00 p.m. General Session. C. F. Langworthy, presiding 

The Need of Further Investigation of the Effect of Commercial and Household Processes 
on the Vitamin Content of Foods 
John R. Murlin, Chairman Committee on Research in Human Nutrition, National 
Research Council 
The Present Dye Situation 

F. E. Breithut, Calco Chemical Company, Bound Brook, N. J. 
Plans for Textile Research under the National Research Council 

Miriam Birdseye, Chairman Textile Standardization Committee 



1921] PROGRAM OF FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 25 

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29 

Sight-seeing and professional trips in morning 
10.00 a.m. Council Meeting 

Meeting of Federation of Home Demonstration Agents of the North Eastern States. Tem- 
porary Chairman, Mrs. Margaret Robinson Ellison, Waltham, Mass. All Home 
Demonstration Agents attending the conference are invited to attend this meeting. 

1.00 p.m. Luncheons 

Omicron Nu: Reservations should be made as soon as possible with Marion S. Van Liew, 

359 State St., Albany, N. Y. 
Phi Upsilon Omicron: Reservations should be made as soon as possible with Jessie Whitacre, 

Box 203, Logan, Utah 

2.30 p.m. Textile Section. Agnes H. Craig, presiding 

How Can Schools of Home Economics Aid in Training the Textile Chemist? 

EUzabeth Weirick, Textile Testing Laboratory, Sears, Roebuck Company 
The High School Clothing Course 

Zella E. Bigelow, University of Idaho 
Extension Work in Clothing 

Doris Schumaker, Cornell University 
A Clothing Facts Bureau 

Ada Blanchard 
Report of Committee on Standardization of Textiles 
The Status of Legislation 

Helen Goodrich, Michigan Agricultural College 
Further Data on Purchasing Habits 

Ethel Phelps, University of Minnesota 
Petticoat Test 

Ellen Beers McGowan, Teachers College, New York 
Research on Minimum Standards 

Grace Denny, University of Washington 

2.30 p.m. Round Table, Social Service Committee. Lucy Gillett, presiding 

Training for Nutrition Work in Social Service 

A. The Advisability of Having in the Training: 

1. Methods of Teaching. Flora Rose, Cornell University 

2. A Social Point of View. Marger>' Smith, Dietetic Bureau, Boston 

3. A Medical Point of View. Margaret Sawyer, Director Nutrition Service, 
American Red Cross 

B. Subject Matter. Report from the New York Nutrition Council 

2.30 p. m. Round Table, Committee on Economics and Thrift 
Home Economics in Banks 

Sarah MacLeod, Society for Savings, Cleveland 
Mrs. Allen Stevens 
Helen Louise Johnson 
Agnes Donham 



26 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION Ijune 

8.00 p.m. General Session. Mary Sweeny, presiding 

The Future for Home Economics Women in Institutional Administration 

Mary A. Lindsley, Manager Grace Dodge Hotel, Washington, D. C. 
Industrial Opportunities for Training for Women 

Mary Anderson, Director Women's Bureau, U. S. Dept. of Labor 
Food Supply and Demand 
Mrs. Edward P. Costigan, Chairman Food Supply and Demand Committee, League 
of Women Voters 

THURSDAY, JUNE 30 

9.30 a.m. Science Section. Minna Denton, presiding 

Topic: Brief Reports of Recent Research 

Development of Research Problems from the Field of Experimental Cookery. Various 
Methods of Approach 

Day Monroe, Department of Foods and Cooker}'^, Teachers College, New York 
An Account of a Specific Research Problem 

Mary Barber, Department of Foods and Cookery, Teachers College, New York 
The Organization and Possibilities of Cooperative Research in Colleges 

Walter H. Eddy, Professor of Physiological Chemistry, Columbia University 
The Basal Metabolism of Women and Underweight Children 

Katharine Blunt, Chairman Home Economics Dept., University of Chicago 
Emulsification in Mayonnaise 

Kenneth L. Mark, Professor of Chemistry, Simmons College 
The Carbon-Dioxide Diffusion Ratio in Doughs as an Index of Flour Strength 

Mildred Weiglej^, Head of Home Economics, University of Minnesota 
Influence of Pressure Cooker on the Vitamin Content of Foods 

Louise Stanley, Head of Home Economics, University of Missouri 
Studies of the Bacterial Flora of Home Canned Vegetables 

Harold L. Lang, Professor of Bacteriology, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pitts- 
burgh, and Specialist in the Office of Home Economics, U. S. Dept. of Agr. 
List of Mimeographed Abstracts Presenting Graduate Work in Home Economics during the 
Current Year 

C. F. Langworthy, Chief of Office of Home Economics, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 

9.30 a.m. Institution Economics Section. Octavia Hall, presiding 

The Housing and Feeding of Groups of Women 

A. College Students. Flora Rose, Cornell University 

B. Working women 

Plans for a New Women's Club House in Boston. Florence B. Child, Execu- 
tive Organizer of the Durant Incorporated, Boston 

The Industrial Cafeteria 

E. H. Ansell, Luncheon Manager, New England Telephone and Telegraph 
Company, Boston 

9.30 a.m. Round Table, Vocational Committee. Alice Loomis, presiding 

Probable Topics: 

The Relation of the Supervision of Smith-Hughes State Work to the Supervision of 

Other Home Economics State Work 
Should a Teacher of Vocational Home Economics in Day Schools be Trained along 
All Lines of Household Activities? 
Part-time and Evening Classes 



1921] PROGRAM OF FOURTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING 27 

2.30 p.m. Business Meeting 

8.00 p.m. General Session. Mary Sweeny, presiding 

Home Demonstration Work: A Permanent and National Contribution to American Edu- 
cation 

O. B. Martin, Assistant in charge of Demonstration Club Work, OfEce of Exten- 
sion Work South 
The Place of Boys and Girls' Club Work in Extension Education 

George E. Farrell, In charge of Boys and Girls' Club Work, Office of Extension 
Work North and West 
How Can Sufficient Personnel be Recruited? 

John D. Willard, Director Extension Service, Mass. Agricultural College 



The Hospitality Committee is making definite arrangements for the follomng trips. An 
information desk will furnish details and will help in planning other sight-seeing or profes- 
sional trips that individuals or small groups may wish to take. 

Tuesday morning 
Professional trips: 

Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and Children's Hospital. Inspection of Wards and 

Kitchens. In charge of Helen C. Reilly, State Department of Health 
Women's City Club and Filene's Restaurant. Inspection of Food Service. In 

charge of Amy Fackt, Women's Educational and Industrial Union 
Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Textile and Tapestry Corridors and Textile Study 

Room, with decent service. In charge of Ella Spooner, Simmons College 
Denison House. Folk Handicraft Guild. In charge of Abby Spear, Simmons 

College 
Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory. In charge of Margery Smith, Dietetic Bureau 
Forsyth Dental Infirmary. Research Department. In charge of Mrs. Alzira 

Sandwall, State Department of Public Health 
Junior Extension Work. A demonstration of home economics club work in Wakefield. 
In charge of Mrs. EUison, Home Demonstration Agent, Middlesex County. 
Plans for these trips must be made on Monday. People who expect to arrive late but 
wish to be included in one of the Tuesday morning trips are asked to notify, in advance, the 
Chairman of the Hospitality Committee, Jeannie Kenrick, 41 EHot Memorial Road, Newton, 
IMass. 

Tuesday 5:00 p.m. 

Picnic supper at Phillips Beach. Hostesses, Mrs. Melville Eastham and Mrs. Emily 
Ilawes. For guests registered at the hotel a picnic supper wiU be provided by the 
hotel in place of the regular meal. For other guests the hostesses will arrange for 
supper, either through the hotel or otherwise. 

Wednesday morning 
Sight-seeing and professional trips: 

Historic Boston: North End, Old North Church, Old South Meeting House, Faneuil 

Hall, The Fenway. In charge of Susie Sprout, Brookline Schools 
North Shore: Salem, Marblehead, Be\erly, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Gloucester. In 

charge of Helen Lockwood, Framingham Normal School 
Simmons College, State Dept. of Public Health, Dietetic Bureau, Women's Educa- 
tional and Industrial Union, Beverly Health Center, may be visited with guides. 



CJ^ 



28 BULLETIN AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION [june 

Thursday — late afternoon 
Boston Floating Hospital. In charge of Margery Smith, Dietetic Bureau 



Reservations at the New Ocean House should be made directly with the manager. The 
rate of $7 to $9 per person, per day, American plan, two people in a room, has been offered 
by the management. This is an exceedingly generous offer, and members of the Association 
are urged to register, so far as possible, at headquarters. A limited number of rooms at a 
$1 or $2 rate are available in private houses and small boarding houses in Swampscott and 
Lynn. Information about these may be obtained from Mrs. Melville Eastham, 2 Prescott 
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The hotel grill room, with a reasonable a la carte 
service, will be open at the time of the convention. A selected list of hotels and boarding 
houses on the North and South shores has been prepared by the Hospitality Committee for 
the benefit of members of the Association who may wish to prolong the holiday in New 
England. Mrs. Eastham will be glad to give information in advance or at the time of the 
meeting. 

Members arriving with baggage should take a train stopping at Swampscott (25 min- 
utes from Boston) where trains are met by the hotel motor. Train service is more fre- 
quent to LjTin, which has a 20 minute trolley car connection with Swampscott. Trains 
leave the North Station, Boston, via the Boston and Maine Railroad. The Boston Chamber 
of Commerce has organized a Tourist Department to aid summer travelers and is making 
every effort to secure tourist rates. It seems improbable, however, that these will go into 
effect this summer because of the precarious financial condition of the New England railroads. 



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